11/13/2013

1
1
onsulting
Group RC
Seminario Internacional Smart Grids II
Tutorial
Infraestructura de Comunicaciones para
Smart Grids
Renato Cspedes
Noviembre 20 de 2013
2
onsulting
Group RC
Contenido
Definicin
Identificacin de datos
Valor de los datos
Aproximacin de una solucin
Medios
Conclusiones
11/13/2013
2
3
onsulting
Group RC
3
Marco Conceptual Smart Grids
AMI
AMI
AMI
HAN
PMU
4
onsulting
Group RC
La Red Actual
EPRI, SG Cost Benefit, 2011
11/13/2013
3
5
onsulting
Group RC
La Red Inteligente
EPRI, SG Cost Benefit, 2011
6
onsulting
Group RC
La Red Actual
http://www.smartgrid.epri.com/doc/9-AEP Smart Grid Project Overview_Tom Walker.pdf
11/13/2013
4
7
onsulting
Group RC
La Red Inteligente
http://www.smartgrid.epri.com/doc/9-AEP Smart Grid Project Overview_Tom Walker.pdf
8
onsulting
Group RC
Definicin de las Smart Grids segn la Agencia
Internacional de Energa - IEA
Una Smart Grid es una red elctrica que:
utiliza tecnologas digitales y formas avanzadas de monitoreo y gestin
del transporte de electricidad desde todas las fuentes de generacin
para satisfacer la diferentes demandas de los usuarios.
coordina las necesidades y potencial de todos los generadores,
operadores de red, consumidores y participantes del mercado para
operar todo el sistema
Lo mas eficientemente posible,
Minimizando costos e impactos ambientales
Maximizando la confiabilidad, la resiliencia y la estabilidad del
sistema.
Un encuesta que son Smart Grids dara seguramente tantas
definiciones como encuestados
11/13/2013
5
9
onsulting
Group RC
Que vamos a transmitir: Aumento en
Volumen y Frecuencia
Ejemplos:
PMUs: 30 muestras por segundo en lugar de 1 cada 10 segundos,
factor de incremento x 100
AMI: 1 muestra cada 15 minutos en lugar de 1 cada mes, factor de
incremento x 3000 (lo anterior si solo tomamos energa a nivel de
usuario)
Sensores de todo tipo de informacin:
Medio ambiente
Temperatura conductores
Descargas parciales

Problema del BIG DATA
10
onsulting
Group RC
BIG DATA: Intelligent Electronic Devices
Autogrid, Turning Big Data Into Power, Nov.2013
11/13/2013
6
11
onsulting
Group RC
BIG DATA: AMI
Autogrid, Turning Big Data Into Power, Nov.2013
12
onsulting
Group RC
Qu vamos a hacer con los datos?
Pensar primero en el procesamiento de los datos, la
integracin con otros sistemas que requieren los datos, antes
de comenzar a transmitirlos!!
11/13/2013
7
13
onsulting
Group RC
Modelo de Referencia para el Sistema Elctrico 2.0
Dimensin
Digital
Dimensin
Analgica
INTERFACE (IF)
PHYSICAL (P)
14
onsulting
Group RC
Digital Dimension
Analogue Dimension
IEDs PMUs AMI Sensores
Information
Mediciones
del sistema
Fasor:
-ngulo
-tensin
Energa
Entregada
y recibida
Estado Servicio
Condicin de
los equipos
INTERFACE
Control
11/13/2013
8
15
onsulting
Group RC
Dimensin
Digital
Dimensin
Anlogica
PHYSICAL (P)
INTERFACE (IF)
COMMUNICATION (C)
SYSTEM (S)
MODEL (M)
ANLISIS (A)
INTELLIGENCE (I)
Modelo de Referencia para el Sistema Elctrico 2.0
16
onsulting
Group RC
Geographic Information Integration
Es costoso
recoger y
mantener los
datos
Regla de Pareto:
20% es el precio
del sistema, 80%
es el valor del
sistema
Imperativo sacar
provecho de la
inversin
11/13/2013
9
17
onsulting
Group RC
Interconexiones en la NERC
18
onsulting
Group RC
Medicion de oscilaciones con base en PMUs
11/13/2013
10
19
onsulting
Group RC
Diagrama de frecuencia de Oscilaciones
20
onsulting
Group RC
Vista de Impacto Geogrfico
11/13/2013
11
21
onsulting
Group RC
Monitoreo de Area Amplia
22
onsulting
Group RC
Medidas Transformador Transmisin
11/13/2013
12
23
onsulting
Group RC
Medidas Transformador Distribucin
24
onsulting
Group RC
Medidas de un breaker SF6
11/13/2013
13
25
onsulting
Group RC
Vision General del Transformador
26
onsulting
Group RC
Monitoreo gas disuelto
11/13/2013
14
27
onsulting
Group RC
Monitoreo Unidades de Enfriamiento
28
onsulting
Group RC
Monitoreo bushing
11/13/2013
15
29
onsulting
Group RC
Breaker SF6
30
onsulting
Group RC
El Poder de los Datos: Demand Response
Autogrid, Turning Big Data Into Power, Nov.2013
11/13/2013
16
31
onsulting
Group RC
El Poder de los Datos: Vehculos Elctricos
Autogrid, Turning Big Data Into Power, Nov.2013
32
onsulting
Group RC
Costo
Autogrid, Turning Big Data Into Power, Nov.2013
11/13/2013
17
33
onsulting
Group RC
33
Arquitectura: Island Project Scheme
34
onsulting
Group RC
34
Integrated Project Scheme
11/13/2013
18
35
onsulting
Group RC
Arquitectura
EMS/SCADA y
AMI
SG Reference Architecture, Vol 1, SCE, CISCO, IBM
36
onsulting
Group RC
Arquitectura
Integracin a
nivel de
comunicaciones
y de sistemas
SG Reference Architecture, Vol 1, SCE, CISCO, IBM
11/13/2013
19
37
onsulting
Group RC
Arquitectura
Integracin
basada en
estndares de
servicio
abiertos
SG Reference Architecture, Vol 1, SCE, CISCO, IBM
38
onsulting
Group RC
Advantages of the approach
Components can be added, replaced or modified without
affecting the remainder of the system
Components are distributable (can run on arbitrary servers)
Components communicate with each other by messages or
service invocations
Component interfaces are defined using standard metadata
Component interfaces are discoverable by application
developers
One component can replace another with the same interface
Services can be used multiple times by disparate applications
or the same application.
SG Reference Architecture, Vol 1, SCE, CISCO, IBM
11/13/2013
20
39
onsulting
Group RC
SG Reference Architecture, Vol 1, SCE, CISCO, IBM
40
onsulting
Group RC
Gestion
Es importante
una gestin
centralizada en
tiempo real de
toda la
arquitectura
SG Reference Architecture, Vol 1, SCE, CISCO, IBM
11/13/2013
21
41
onsulting
Group RC
Algunos Cambio Tecnolgicos
42
onsulting
Group RC
DA Communication Technologies
Wired Wireless
Telephone wire Utility-operated radio
Optic fiber Unlicensed radio
Personal Communications
Systems
Cellular telephone
802.11 (WiFi)


11/13/2013
22
43
onsulting
Group RC
Fiber Optic Cable
Becoming commonplace in utilities for voice and data
transmission
Offer many advantages
extremely high data transmission rates
immunity from electromagnetic interference
lack of licensing requirements
can be brought into the substation without concern for
protection against ground rise voltages
Cost effective for very high data transmission rates in a
point-to-point configuration
Not as cost effective for DA applications, with
point-to-multipoint configuration
Modest data transmission speed requirements
44
onsulting
Group RC
Licensed Radio
UHF radio
MAS = multiple address system
Old allocation: 12 paired bands at 928/952 MHz
restricted to point-to-multipoint fixed
bands available are 12.5 and 25 kHz wide
data rates up to 9,600 bps
a minimum of four remote sites for each master
commonly used for feeder and customer interface
automation
Unpaired bands at 952 MHz for point-to-point
New allocation of 20 bands at 932/941 MHz
Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint, fixed and mobile
Auctioned
11/13/2013
23
45
onsulting
Group RC
902-928 MHz or 2.4 GHz band
Low power, spread-spectrum transmission
Regulated under FCC Part 15
Confined to short distances
Useful for the last-mile segment when a site
cannot be reached by MAS
Unlicensed Radio
(
Sp.Spectrum
MAS
46
onsulting
Group RC
Also used for last 100 yards from customer site to
local concentrator equipment for AMR
Advantage: no license required
Disadvantage: no license required
Unlicensed Radio (2)
11/13/2013
24
47
onsulting
Group RC
Personal Communications Systems
Older, one-way paging technology had been used
for load management
Use of PCS (personal communications services)
represents a potential communications niche for DA
Two services:
Narrow band PCS (900 MHz)
Wide band PCS (2 GHz)
Offered for AMR; requires development for feeder
automation
48
onsulting
Group RC
Trunking Radio
A multi-frequency, computer-controlled radio
system used for field communications.
Mostly in the 800 MHz band
One of the frequencies (the control channel) is
used to broadcast digital data that is used to
control the portable radios in the field.
As another niche technology, the control channel
can be used for DA communications
11/13/2013
25
49
onsulting
Group RC
Satellite Radio
Two approaches:
Synchronous satellite
Low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite
LEO
Synchronous
22,300 mi
36,000 km
<1000 mi
<1500 km
50
onsulting
Group RC
Satellite Radio (2)
Synchronous satellites
Very small aperture terminals (VSATs) for low
data rates
For DA, most frequently uses a shared channel,
to lower costs
Communications routed through a third-party
network management center
UTILITY
CONTROL
CENTER
SHARED HUB
SATELLITE
VSATs
NETWORK
MANAGEMENT
CENTER
11/13/2013
26
51
onsulting
Group RC
Satellite Radio (3)
Low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites
Communications latency (average about one
minute) until satellite in view
Pay by the message and byte
special software in user terminal
(infrequent and/or unsolicited
messages)
UTILITY
CONTROL
CENTER
SHARED HUB
SATELLITE
UTs
NETWORK
MANAGEMENT
CENTER
52
onsulting
Group RC
Satellite Radio (4)
Various frequency bands:
130/150 MHz; C-band (4/6 GHz), & Ku-band (12/14 GHz)
Advantages
Near-universal coverage
Good reliability
Disadvantages
Cost
Transmission delays
Blackout periods due to sun
Attenuation in heavy rain (Ku band)
11/13/2013
27
53
onsulting
Group RC
Cellular Telephone Network
Several competing technologies
Use of control channel on analog AMPS (Advanced
Mobile Phone Service), 800 MHz
CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
The field is rapidly evolving
Currently, most applications are for AMI
Recently also being offered for applications in
feeder automation
Potentially holds the promise of economical and
wide-spread coverage
54
onsulting
Group RC
Cellular Telephone Network (2)
GPRS
Good Data Rates - up to 171.2 kbps
Uses all eight time slots
Immediacy near real time connectivity
Supports FTP, TCP/IP and Telnet and all WWW interfaces
Supports Global System Mobile (GSM) and IS 136 TDMA
11/13/2013
28
55
onsulting
Group RC
Summary of Technologies
Application
Technology
Utility-
operated? To
s/s
Within
s/s
To
feeder
To cus-
tomer
Telephone wire
N X X
Optic fiber
Y X X
Utility-operated licensed radio
Y X X X
Unlicensed radio
Y X X X
PCS
N X X
Trunking radio
Y X X
Satellite
N X
Cellular telephone
802.11
N
Y



X
X
X
X

56
onsulting
Group RC
Hybrid Communication Systems
Hybrid systems comprising two or more
communication media are commonly used for DA
applications
High transmission rate communications such as fiber
optic or microwave radio are used for point-to-point
data transmission
Slower communication technologies such as UHF
radio or distribution line carrier used from remote
locations to remote units
11/13/2013
29
57
onsulting
Group RC
Hybrid Communication Systems (2)
Control
center
Subst.
Optic
Fiber
Microwave radio
Subst.
Spread
spectrum
radio
MAS radio
58
onsulting
Group RC
Conclusiones
Las comunicaciones son fundamentales para el desarrollo de
las Smart Grids
Las necesidades de comunicaciones de las Smart Grids se
pueden asimilar al problema de Big Data
Debemos considerar e implantar todos los elementos de la
solucin ANTES de comenzar a transmitir el primer bit
Las soluciones de comunicaciones deben basarse en una
arquitectura estandarizada con base en estndares abiertos
de la industria
Los medios generalmente van a ser hbridos que puedan
convivir
No olvidar la CIBERSEGURIDAD en la solucin
11/13/2013
30
59
onsulting
Group RC
Muchas Gracias
renato.cespedesg@rcgsas.com