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Pak Studies Lec-39,40

REVIEW

Pakistan India Relations

INDIA PAKISTAN RELATIONS CONTINUE…

1) The war of 1965 has a great significance due to its impacts on internal issues of Pakistan as well as
Pak-India relationships in a long run. Impact of war on internal politics of Pakistan are:
 The war did not produce any result. The people started asking questions about
war.
 In case of East Pakistan it remained aloof, due to the fact that the military
strategy was focused on the defense of West Pakistan.
 China gave ultimatum to India if it enters the East Pakistan it will intervene.
 The elements working for separation of East Pakistan got power.
2) India learnt a lesson from the war that India cannot beat Pakistan in the conventional warfare. In
spite of the fact that the military ratio was 3:1. So they started exploiting the short comings of east
Pakistanis and they started projecting views of people who e against Pakistan. So that a revolt may
evolve inside the Pakistan itself so that the work India cannot done in the war zone should be done
by the people of Pakistan itself.
3) Anti Ayuab movement in Bengal was started by the Awami League, due to 1965 war and China
intervention to save East Pakistan. India gave political support to Awami League and Government
in Exile. They started giving training to Bengali Separatists and an army was made known as
“Mukti Bahni”. Full political and military support was given to this army by the India.
4) A revolt emerged in the East Pakistan and Pak army was strong enough to crush Mukti Bahni. The
Indian army physically intervened and captured Dhaka and Pak army was forced to surrender in
front of Indian army. Dhaka Fall on 16th December, 1971. Due to this some 70,000 Pakistanis were
POWs.
5) If the war of Bengalis then Pak Army should have surrendered to Mukti Bahni and same the case
with POW, they will be POW of Bangladesh but not the India. It was highly demoralizing situation
a complete depression was there in the West Pakistan.
6) Shimla Agreement was signed after long and hectic negotiations b/w Pakistan and India. By this
prisoners were released.
7) It was a humiliating situation for Pakistan; India thought Pakistan would never stand up again.
Indra Ghandi said that Two Nation has been buried in the Bay of Bengal on 16th of December.
8) India started working on Nuclear Technology and in 1974 first Nuclear Explosion was made by
India in Pokhran. This was the time when Pakistan was lacking even the basic infrastructure of
nuclear technology. This was the next move to make Pakistan its submission and Pakistan had to
make the policies according to wishes of India.
9) But again the Pakistanis revolted, Z.A Bhutto said that we will do everything to get Nuclear
Technology. Dr A Q Khan contacted Bhutto and offered him that he will provide infrastructure to
build Centrifuges.
10) Afghan jihad was started alongside and Americans need our full support and so ignored our
Nuclear Activities. This gave us time and we centrifuged Uranium to an extent that we test a
nuclear Device.
11) In early 1983, India again gathered its army on Pakistani borders. Zia ul Haq was the president of
Pakistan. Pakistani Cricket team was in India and Zia was on tour to Middle East. He shortened his
trip and came back to Pakistan and asked Indian Govt that he wanted to see the cricket match. He
went to see cricket match in Jodh Pur and he had a talk with Rajeev Ghandi and soon the Indian
Army was withdrawn from he borders.
12) In 1980’s a movement was there in Sikhs and they were independence of Punjab as Khalistan. The
Govt of India attacked Golden Temple in order to crush the movement but results were different.
This was the first time Pakistan intervened and provides support to Sikhs in retaliation of East
Pakistan.
13) There was a conception as a new generation in power so that they can burry the past and can have
better relations. SAARC conference was held in Pakistan, Pakistan gave list of Sikh leadership and
India crushed the Khalistan movement.
14) In 1998, Nawaz Sharif was the PM of Pakistan and BJP came into power in and they thought it was
a time to show their strength.
15) They exploded 5 nuclear devices in Pokhran on 11th May 1998. The question was whether Pakistan
should respond or not still we are the Nuclear power. The division was there in our policy makers.
America intervened again and offered economic plans to Pakistan in case Pakistan should not
respond to India’s nuclear tests. There is always a crash b/w principles and other benefits.
16) Bill Clinton phoned our PM 5-6 times asking him not to retaliate and financial aids were promised.
Nawaz Sharif said no and Pakistan made 6 Nuclear Explosions on 28th May 1998. Once again
Indian attempt to pressurize Pakistan went in vain and Pakistan again stood against the Indian
pressure as our history told us.
17) Musharraf took over Govt and were in process of recognizing themselves from the world.
18) 9/11 took place and lists of demands were given to Pakistan and Pakistan agreed to accept these
demands without consultation of any Govt officials. Decision was made in the meeting comprising
of Army Personals and two Civilians Foreign Minister, Foreign Secretary.
19) We joined the War against Terror and became the Front Line Ally of America. We were sucked in
US war against Afghanistan. Some of Afghan leaders took refuge in FATA (Federally
Administrated Tribal Areas).
20) America asked Pakistan that its soil is becoming breeding soil for terrorism. India also started
supported USA and got an opportunity to enter in Afghanistan.
21) In the context of rebuilding Afghanistan, India has sent its army in Afghanistan. Indian consulates
are there to support those who are fighting against Pakistan. This situation has provided India an
opportunity to surround Pakistan through Afghanistan.
22) India started Confidence Building Measures with Pakistan. They asked Musharraf that let put aside
the issue of Kashmir and let’s concentrate on the minor of issues. Cultural delegations were
exchanged as they think that our elite are Culturally Hungry. Trade was also started. But the whole
thing did not work and the relations remained strained.
23) In 2004, Indian gathered its armies onto the borders in response of attack on Indian Parliament.
India demanded those Jihadi movements to be banned and this was fulfilled by the Govt.
24) In 2008, Indian and Pakistani army movement on the borders due to terrorists attack on Tag hotel
Mumbai.

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