Part 1.

Intro to PBL
Web Search
What is 21
st
century education?
Search Im Feeling Awesome
PBL in ALC
What is 21
st
century education? Search
21
st
century education
PBL in ALC
Click on the frame to play a video
What is 21
st
century education? Search
Key Words
Critical thinking
Communication
Collaboration
Problem-solving
Technology
Creativity
Any others?
PBL in ALC
PBL in ALC
Group Discussion (10 minutes)
1. Considering the capabilities required in
21
st
century, what problems have you
identified in your class or in your
students if there is any?

2. What are the possible causes?

3. What solutions did you try? Why did or
didnt they work well?
PBL in ALC
Share thoughts
Three presenters, 10 minutes in total
PBL in ALC
Summary
PBL in ALC
Instructional Design Activity
(90 minutes)
PBL in ALC
Topic: How to efficiently utilize
the uncultivated land in Norman
You can relate an aspect of the
scenario to your subject and
design a lesson. If you couldnt
think of any aspect relevant to
your subject, a general lesson
is acceptable.
Design A Sample Lesson
Youll have 20 minutes to prepare, and 20 minutes to present (two presenters)
PBL in ALC
A Sample Lesson

Subject: Political Science
Domain knowledge: Social amplification
and politicization of risk
Problem: Planning for a nuclear waste
repository in Norman: an activist
exercise
PBL in ALC
A Sample Lesson-Process

1.Present the problem.
2.In groups, students organize prior
knowledge and attempt to identify the
nature of the problem.
3.Students pose questions about what
they do not understand.
4.Students design a plan to solve the
problem and identify the resources they
need.
5.Students begin to gather information
as they work to solve the problem.
6.Students articulate their solutions and
critique.
PBL in ALC
Discussion (20 minutes)
1. Discuss the possible learning outcomes
of the sample lesson. Why?

2. Summarize the major strategies and
principles used in the sample lesson.
PBL in ALC
This sample lesson is Problem
Based Learning approach.
What is Problem-Based Learning? Search
PBL at A Glance
PBL in ALC
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PBL in ALC
Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
A learning method based on the principle
of using problems as a starting point for the
acquisition and integration of new
knowledge.
H.S. Barrows 1982
PBL in ALC
PBL vs. Problem-solving
Whats the difference
PBL in ALC
PBL vs. Problem-solving
PBL: the process of acquiring new
knowledge based on recognition of
a need to learn.

Problem-solving: arriving at
decisions based on prior
knowledge and reasoning
PBL in ALC
Principles Behind PBL
o Understanding is built through what we
experience
o Meaning is constructed through solving
real-world problems
o Appeal to students natural instincts to
investigate and create
o Student-centered strategies
o Build critical thinking and reasoning
skills and further their creativity and
independence
PBL in ALC
Characteristics of PBL
o Learning occurs in student groups.
o Teachers are facilitators or guides.
o Problems form the stimulus for learning.
o Problems are a vehicle for the development of
problem-solving skills.
o New information is acquired through self-
directed learning.
o Shifts away from short, isolated teacher
centered lessons
o Creates long term, interdisciplinary student
centered lessons
o Integrates real world issues and practices
o Teaches students to apply what they have
learned in university to life-long endeavors
PBL in ALC
Objectives of the PBL Process
Knowledge domain and
interdisciplinary content in context

Skills - scientific reasoning, critical
appraisal, information literacy, the
skills of self-directed, life-long learning

Attitudes - value of teamwork,
interpersonal skills, the importance of
psychosocial issues
PBL in ALC
A PBL Model
PBL in ALC
Advantages of PBL
o Emphasis on Meaning, Not Facts.
o Students are engaged in meaningful learning.
o Increased self-regulation.
o Higher comprehension and better skill
development.
o Students are able to apply the knowledge and
skills in a functional context.
o Interpersonal skills and teamwork.
o Self-motivated attitude.
o Facilitator-student relationship.
o Critical thinking and creativity.
PBL in ALC
Advantages of PBL
o Emphasis on Meaning, Not Facts.
o Students are engaged in meaningful learning.
o Increased self-regulation.
o Higher comprehension and better skill
development.
o Students are able to apply the knowledge and
skills in a functional context.
o Interpersonal skills and teamwork.
o Self-motivated attitude.
o Facilitator-student relationship.
o Critical thinking and creativity.
PBL in ALC
PBL
Sel f Direc ted
Respons ible
Personal Ti me
Management
Autonomy
Ownershi p
Student Control
Communic ation,
oral , written,
el ec tronic al ly
Soci al Ski l ls
coll aboration
Interpersonal
Real worl d
Rel evance
Meaningful
Experi enc es
Connecti ons
between cl ass es
Engagement
Probl em Solvi ng
Skil l s
Cri tic al Thi nki ng
Li fe Long
Learni ng
Performance
Assessment
PBL in ALC
Disadvantages? Concerns?
Lets discuss how to maximize the
advantages and minimize the negative
aspects of PBL in our following sessions!

Please bring a news event on your subject
for our next session. Well have fun with it!
Part2. How to design PBL problems
Web Search
What is a good problem for Problem-Based Learning?
Search Im Feeling Awesome
PBL in ALC
PBL in ALC
Group Discussion (10 minutes)
Compare the two problems. Discuss their
differences.

First Problem:
You bought a coffee machine Model Z74. If
you want to make an ordinary coffee, what
are the steps according to the video we
watched?
PBL in ALC
Group Discussion (10 minutes)
Compare the two problems. Discuss their
differences.

Second Problem: A Horticulture Course
You have been hired by a local municipality
to consult on a landscape situation tied to
nitrogen and phosphorus run off into a local
stream. The city has asked you to evaluate
current management practices used by the
landscape company maintaining the site,
and recommend best-management
practices (BMPs).
PBL in ALC
Well-structured vs.
Ill-structured Problems
Ill-structured problems
Multiple approaches to the task and
criteria for choosing between proposals
may not be completely specified.

Well-structured problems
Apply a set algorithm to produce a unique
answer.
PBL in ALC
Good Problems for PBL
o Relate to real world, motivate students
o Require decision-making or judgments
o Are multi-page, multi-stage
o Are designed for group-solving
o Pose open-ended initial questions that
encourage discussion
o Incorporate course content objectives,
higher order thinking
PBL in ALC
Things to Consider When
Designing a Problem for PBL
Problem Difficulty (Jonassen & Hung, 2008)

Internal factors: level of domain knowledge,
experience in solving problems, reasoning skills,
especially causal reasoning and analogical
reasoning, and epistemological development,
especially for more complex and ill-structured
problems

External factors: complexity and structuredness
PBL in ALC
Things to Consider When
Designing a Problem for PBL
Complexity:
o breadth of knowledge required
o difficulty level of comprehending and
applying the concepts involved
o skill and knowledge levels required to solve
the problem
o the degree of nonlinearity of the relations
among the variables within the problem
space
Structuredness:
o transparency
o Stability
o predictability
PBL in ALC
Problem Design Models
(Jonassen, 2010)
o Story Problems
o Decision-Making Problems
o Troubleshooting and Diagnosis Problems
o Strategic-Performance Problems
o Policy-Analysis Problems
o Design Problem Solving
Recommend a book: Learning to Solve Problems: A
Handbook for Designing Problem-Solving Learning
Environments (Jonassen, 2010)
PBL in ALC
Discussion:
Sources of Problems
PBL in ALC
Sources of Problems
o Newspaper articles, news events
o Popular press in the discipline
o Make up a story: based on content
objectives
o Adapt a case to a problem
o Research papers
o Others?
PBL in ALC
Activity: How to design a
problem for your class
(90 minutes)
PBL in ALC
1. Refer to the strategies and principles we discussed to
design a problem for a lesson based on the news event
brought by you. (15 minutes)

2. Pair a partner and present the lesson to each other;
discuss the strengths and weaknesses. (15 minutes)

3. Present your partners design in front of the whole class.
Facilitator and the whole class will give comments after
each presentation regarding its strengths and
weaknesses. (40 minutes)


Design A Sample Problem
Youll have 15 minutes to prepare, and 15 minutes to discuss with your partner.
PBL in ALC
Summary
Step 1 Identify the course

You can think of the subject, level of students,
size of class, how you would use it.

List the learning objectives that would be met by
this problem (related to your chosen news
article.)

PBL in ALC
Summary
Step 2 Design a scenario

Apply the strategies and principles we
discussed regarding different types of
problems
PBL in ALC
Summary
Step 3 Design the problem

oWrite a brief synopsis of the problem
oFormulate the possible staging of the
problem
PBL in ALC
Whats Next
Your role in your students
problem-solving process!
Part3. How to Be an Effective
Tutor in PBL
PBL in ALC
Web Search
How to facilitate group work?
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Facilitate group work Search
Key Words
PBL in ALC
Communication
Grouping
Problem-solving
Motivation
Preparation
Discussion
Any others?
PBL in ALC
Group Discussion (30 minutes)
1. Why groups?

2. List 5 behaviors or actions that can
undermine good group work

3. Discuss those behaviors and how to
avoid them

PBL in ALC PBL in ALC
PBL in ALC
Benefit of collaborative
learning

.. cooperation, compared with competitive and
individualistic efforts, typically results in higher
achievement and greater productivity; more caring,
supportive, and committed relationships; and greater
psychological health, social competence, and self
esteem

Educational research (1989)
PBL in ALC
Principle of Collaborative Learning

1. Good practice encourages student faculty contact
2. Good practice encourages cooperation among students
3. Good practice encourages active learning
4. Good practice gives prompt feedback
5. Good practice emphasizes time on task
6. Good practice communicates high expectations
7. Good practice respects diverse talents and ways of learning

PBL in ALC
Collaborative learning
Collaborative earning includes five
essential elements: positive
interdependence, face-to-face promotive
interaction, individual and group
accountability, interpersonal and small
group skills, and group processing

(Educational research, 1989)
PBL in ALC
Advantage and Disadvantage of
Collaborative Learning in ALC
Advantage Disadvantage
More ideas generated
More opportunities for
member to connect with
others
Greater diversity of ideas
Greater variety of skills
available

More confliction among
members
More difficult to control
students
More time required in
decision-making among
members
Greater demands on the
instructor and group leaders

PBL in ALC
Role of the instructor

PBL in ALC
1. Provide resources to make the student be familiar with
the topic
2. Identify and support the needs of the group
3. Promote all group members participating the group
discussion
4. Keep discussion on track
5. Assist the groups by prompting related problems to
make the proper decision on their work.
6. Correct misinformation
7. Provide structures for the group activities
PBL in ALC
PBL in ALC
Reciprocal teaching
Modeling
Coaching
Scaffolding
Articulation
Reflection
Exploration
PBL in ALC
PBL in ALC
Assessment and Evaluation

PBL in ALC
PBL in ALC
Group Discussion (30 minutes)
1. What are the differences between
assessment and evaluation?
2. What are the functions of formative
and summative evaluation?
3. What are the key areas to evaluate?
4. How to assess and evaluate each
area?

PBL in ALC
Define Assessment and Evaluation
Assessment focuses on learning, teaching and outcomes. It
provides information for improving learning and
teaching. Assessment is an interactive process between
students and faculty that informs faculty how well their
students are learning what they are teaching.


Evaluation focuses on grades and may reflect classroom
components other than course content and mastery
level. These could include discussion, cooperation,
attendance, and verbal ability.

PBL in ALC
Key Differences

PBL in ALC
Assessment Cycle
Formative Assessment
PBL in ALC
Assessment Cycle
Summative Assessment
This resource is originated from : w w w. e x p l o r a t o r i um. e d u / i f i
PBL in ALC
Assessment of PBL
Assessment protocol in PBL have sought
to include self-, peer, and tutor
evaluations to assess range of skills, such
as self-directed learning, group
cooperation, and communication.

(Swanson et al., 1997).
PBL in ALC
Self-Assessment
Reflective questions: the instructor
provides several questions to students, or
students compose questions themselves to
examine their own work or group work.
Checklist: The instructor or students create
a checklist in order to accomplish the given
task/ activity.
Journal or critique writing: Writing a journal
or a critique helps students to reflect on
their improvement over within a given
period of time.

PBL in ALC
Peer-Assessment
Class or small group critiques: using
checklist, survey or verbal explanation,
students assess the work of other students;
works.
Presentation: The student who presenting
a work can be judged his/her performance
by the audience or the instructor.

PBL in ALC
Tutor-Assessment
Feedback: feedback should interprets
evidence of students thinking relate
the goals, and determines the
appropriate next steps for the class
activity or work.
PBL in ALC
Explore More Information

Check the detailed and additional
information through the ALC online
community.

www.pblou.weebly.com
PBL in ALC
Resources

Chickering, A.W., and Gamson, Z.F. (1991). Applying the Seven Principles for Good
Practice in Undergraduate Education. New Directions for Teaching and Learning.
Number 47, Fall 1991. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc

Angelo, T and Cross, K.P. 1993. Classroom assessment techniques a handbook for
college teachers. Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint, San Francisco, CA. Pp 427.

Assessment of Student Learning in STEM disciplines. A Duke University Teaching
IDEAS workshop presented by Ed Neal, Ph.D. Director of Faculty Development,
Center for Teaching and Learning, University of North Carolina.

Part4. Integrate PBL to ALC
Web Search
How to Integrate PBL into the ALC?
Search Im Feeling Awesome
PBL in ALC
How to Integrate PBL into the ALC?
Active Learning Classroom
PBL in ALC
Click on the frame to play a video
How to Integrate PBL into the ALC Search
Key Words
Features
PBL
Student-centered
Technology
Cognitive tools
Any others?
PBL in ALC
PBL in ALC
Group Discussion (20 minutes)
1. What features did you observe? Why was
the classroom designed in this way?

2. How will you integrate those features into
your teaching?
PBL in ALC
ALC Features
PBL in ALC
No.1
Students can share their screens
with the entire classroom
promptly, which enables efficient
communications and discussions.
PBL in ALC
No.2
Large screens facilitate better
presentations of messages such
as videos, graphs and pictures.
PBL in ALC
No.3
Round tables facilitate interaction
and collaboration among students.
PBL in ALC
No.4
Round tables make it difficult for
students to hide from each other
or from the instructor physically,
which will probably result in
better student engagement
PBL in ALC
No.5
Podium is placed in the center of
the classroom, which facilitates
the interaction between teachers
and students.
PBL in ALC
No.6
Students have writing space on
walls for collaboration.
PBL in ALC
No.7
Students have Internet access to
laptops, which enables them to
search for information and
resources instantly.
PBL in ALC
Lets Watch Other Examples of the
Use of ALC
PBL in ALC
The University of Minnesota
PBL in ALC
McGill University
PBL in ALC
How to Facilitate PBL in the ALC?

Brainstorming
PBL in ALC
Implication of Cognitive Tools

What are the cognitive tools?
Cognitive tools refer to learning with technology

Technologies, from the ecological perspective
of Gibson (1979), afford the most meaningful
thinking when used as tools.
(Jonassen,1994)
PBL in ALC
Type of Cognitive Tools
Type of Tools Description
Database To supplement the learning of concept-rich content
To support the information storage, which help learners to
understand the structure in their learning area
Spreadsheets To provide numeric record-keeping system within three functions:
storing, calculating, and presenting information
Concept Map To support effective planning
To represent concepts and their interrelationships that stimulate the
knowledge structures
To support students in learning to organize and manage small scale
Structured
Computer
Conference
To support students to construct their knowledge through
asynchronous or synchronous communication
Search Engines To provide authentic resources immediately while doing activities or
discussion
PBL in ALC
Topic: How to efficiently utilize
the uncultivated land in Norman
You can relate an aspect of the
scenario to your subject and
design a lesson. If you couldnt
think of any aspect relevant to
your subject, a general lesson
is acceptable.
Redesign A Sample Lesson
Youll have 20 minutes to prepare, and 20 minutes to present (two presenters)
PBL in ALC
PBL in ALC


Workshop Quality Survey