Physics : Form 4

EXPERIMENTS
CHAPTER 1
1. Simple pendulum
Manipulated variable : Length of the pendulum,
Responding variable : Period of oscillation, T
i!ed variable : Mass of the pendulum bob, m
Precautions : i" The pendulum bob is oscillate in one plane.
ii" The amplitude of oscillation, must less than 1#$.
CHAPTER 2
%. Tic&er timer
Manipulated variable : 'eight of run(a), h
Responding variable : *cceleration of the trolle), a
i!ed variable : Mass of the trolle), m+ fre,uenc), f
Precaution : The tic&er tape is free to move (ithout obstacles.
-. .nertia and mass
Manipulated variable : Mass of plasticine, m
Responding variable : Period of oscillation, T
i!ed variable : *mplitude of oscillation,
Precaution : The e!periment is repeated t(ice and get the average of the reading to minimi/e
random error.
0. Relationship bet(een mass and acceleration (hen force is constant
Manipulated variable : Mass of trolle), m
Responding variable : *cceleration of the trolle), a
i!ed variable : orce applied b) an elastic cord,
Precaution : *l(a)s pull the elastic cords to a fi!ed length to maintain a constant force.
1. Relationship bet(een force and acceleration (hen mass is constant
Manipulated variable : orce applied,
Responding variable : *cceleration of the trolle), a
i!ed variable : mass of the trolle), m
Precaution : *l(a)s stretch the elastic cords to a fi!ed length.
2. 3lasticit) 4 'oo&e5s la( "
Manipulated variable : orce 4 slotted (eight "
Responding variable : 3!tension of the spring, !
i!ed variable : Length of spring + diameter of spring + diameter of coil
Precaution : The line of vision must be parallel to the scale to avoid paralla! error.
CHAPTER 3
6. Pressure and depth in li,uids
Manipulated variable : 7epth of thistle funnel, h
Responding variable : 7ifference in the levels,
i!ed variable : The densit) of li,uids,
Precaution : 3)es position is perpendicular to the reading scale to prevent paralla! error.
8. Pascal5s principle
Manipulated variable : orce on the input piston, + mass of the slotted (eights, m
Responding variable : mass of the slotted (eights on the output piston, m
i!ed variable : *rea for both s)ringes.
Precaution : 3)es position is perpendicular to the reading scale to prevent paralla! error.
9. *rchimedes5 principle
Manipulated variable : Real (eight, (1
Responding variable : *pparent (eight, (%
i!ed variable : Mass of empt) bea&er, m
Precaution : :hen the stone (as lo(ered into the eure&a can, care (as ta&en to ma&e sure
that the stone did not touch the bottom of the can to obtain a more accurate reading of (%.
CHAPTER 4
1#. Relationship bet(een pressure and volume at constant temperature
Manipulated variable : Pressure of gas, P
Responding variable : ;olume of gas, ;
i!ed variable : Temperature of gas, T
Precaution : The rubber tube (as greased and tightened to prevent lea&age of air from the s)ringe.
11. Relationship bet(een volume and temperature at constant pressure
Manipulated variable : Temperature of gas, T
Responding variable : ;olume of gas, ;
i!ed variable : Pressure of gas, P
Precautions : i" :hen ta&ing the reading of temperature and length of air column, e)es position is
perpendicular to the reading scale to prevent paralla! error.
ii" Ma&e sure that the thermometer didn5t touch the base of the container.
1%. Relationship bet(een pressure and temperature at constant volume
Manipulated variable : Temperature of gas, T
Responding variable : Pressure of gas, P
i!ed variable : ;olume of gas, ;
Precautions : i" The rubber tube (as fi!ed tightl) to prevent lea&age.
ii" Ma&e sure that the thermometer didn5t touch the base of the container.

CHAPTER 5
1-. La(s of reflection
Manipulated variable : *ngle of incidence, i
Responding variable : *ngle of reflection, r
i!ed variable :
Precaution : The e!periment is conducted in a dar& room.
10. Refraction of light
Manipulated variable : *ngle of incidence, i
Responding variable : *ngle of refraction, r
i!ed variable : Refractive inde!, n
Precaution : The e!periment is conducted in a dar& room.
11. Relationship bet(een u, v and f
Manipulated variable : <b=ect distance, u
Responding variable : .mage distance, v
i!ed variable : ocal length of the lens, f
Precaution : The e!periment is conducted in a dar& room.
12. Relationship bet(een ob=ect distance and magnification
Manipulated variable : <b=ect distance, u
Responding variable : Magnification, m
i!ed variable : ocal length, f
Precaution : The e!periment is conducted in a dar& room.