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Experiment -1

Object: - Study of Work Breakdown Structure and its implementation using
SmartDraw.

Work Breakdown Structure: - A work breakdown structure (WBS), in project
management and systems engineering, is a deliverable oriented decomposition of a
project into smaller components. It defines and groups a project's discrete work
elements in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the
project.

Example of a product oriented work breakdown structure of an aircraft system
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A work breakdown structure element may be a product, data, a service, or any
combination. A WBS also provides the necessary framework for detailed cost
estimating and control along with providing guidance for schedule development
and control.
Work Breakdown Structure for Software Project Management






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Experiment -2

Object: - Study of Gantt Chart and its development using Ms-project.

Gantt Chart:
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart, developed by Henry Gantt, that illustrates a
project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal
elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary
elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project. Some Gantt charts
also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships between
activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-
complete shadings and a vertical "TODAY" line as shown here.
Although now regarded as a common charting technique, Gantt charts were
considered revolutionary when first introduced. In recognition of Henry Gantt's
contributions, the Henry Laurence Gantt Medal is awarded for distinguished
achievement in management and in community service. This chart is also used in
Information Technology to represent data that has been collected.


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Steps for drawing Gantt Chart:-

1. Analyze the project and specify the basic to be used.
2. Break the project down into responsible number of activities to be schedule.
3. Estimate the time required to perform each activity.
4. Place the activities must be performed sequential while others can be
performed simultaneously.
5. If a completion date is pre-specified the diagram is adjusted until this
constraint is satisfied.



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Experiment -3

Object: - Development of precedence Network and calculation of Critical Path
using SmartDraw.

SCHEDULI NG TERMI NOLOGI ES
a) SCHEDULE: - A schedule is the mapping of tasks on the time. Each task
has a start and end time. We can thus plan the deadlines for individual
deliverables.
b) TASK:-A task is well defined work assign for a role.
c) ACTI VI TY:-Group of related task are called activities. A project manger
assigns a task to a role.
d) WORK PRODUCT: - It is a tangible item that results from a task. For
example an object model, a class diagram, a pieces of source code, a
document etc.
e) WORK PACKAGE:-The specification of work to accomplish in completing
a task or activity is described in work package.
f) EVENT: - Something that cause a system or object to change state. For
example a Message, a condition or completion of an activity.
g) SYNCHRONI ZATI ON POI NTS: - The points in a project schedule that
require the team to synchronize the contents, complete task and reduce
defects.
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h) THRASHI NG: - The performing of unproductive work associated with a
software Project is known as thrashing.
i) TASK STATUS:-The status of a specific task relative to the task goals and
completion.
j) NETWORK: - A network is a graphical representation of a project plan,
showing the inter relationships of various activities.

SCHEDULI NG TECHNI QUES
a) NETWORK DI AGRAM
(1) PERT (Project Evaluation Review Technique).
(2) CPM (Critical Path Method).

b) BAR CHARTS
(1) GANTT CHART.
(2) MILE STONE CHART.

ACTI VI TY NETWORK DI AGRAM
a) Activity at node type network.
b) Activity at arrow type network.


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ACTI VI TY ON NODE
a) Activity shown on node.
b) Procedure shown by arrow.
c) Easy to draw.

ACTI VI TY ON ARROW TYPE NETWORK
a) Activity shown on arrow.
b) Event shown by node.
c) Easy for calculation.



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EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITY ON NODE NETWORK



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EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITY ON ARROW NETWORK




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PRECEDENCE NETWORK
Precedence block.

Float = Latest start - Earliest Start.
Activity span = Latest finish Earliest Start.
Description about project

ACTIVITY DURATION PRECEDENCE
A H/W Selection 6 -
B S/W Design 4 -
C Install H/W 3 A
D Code & Test 4 B
E File Taken 3 B
F Write user Manual 10 -
G User Training 3 E, F
H Install & Test 2 C, D


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Experiment -4

Object: - Study and designing of per chart using Smart Draw.

PERT CHART:
Pert chart was originally developed in 1948 to meet the need of the age of massive
Engineering. There techniques of the Taylor and Gantt were inapplicable Special
Project Office (SPO) of US NAVY introduced part. They use polarized weapon
system in 1958.

PERT
It is technique representing activity of project in its proper sequence and timing.

RULES FOLLOWED I N DRAWI NG PERT CHART-
1. Always draw arrows in straight line, avoid curved line.
2. Arrows draw arrows from Left to right, avoid looping.
3. Always number the event in ascending order from left to right.
4. Always use alphabet to denote an activity drawn by arrows. The duration in
days/weeks/months etc. are indicated as the numbers that are written under them.
5. Do not scale the length of arrays with respect to duration.
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6. Rule 5 is necessary to avoid looping and back tracking.

I MPORTANT TERMS RELATED TO PERT CHART
a. Most likely Time (m):-
The time we would expect the task under normal circumstances. We shall denote
this by Letter m.
b. Optimistic Time (a):-
The shortest time in which we could expect to compute the activity, barring out
right miracles. We shall denote this by letter a.
c. Pessimistic Time (b):-
The worst possible time allowing for all reasonable eventualities but excluding act
of God and Warfare. We shall denote this by letter b

EXPECTED DURATION (t e)
t
e
=(a+4m+b)/6
A quantitative measure of degree of uncertainty of an activity duration estimate
may be obtained by calculating the standard deviation of an activity time using the
formula.
S= (b-a)/6

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ACTIVITY a b c t e Standard Deviation
A 5 6 8 6.7 0.55
B 3 4 5 4.0 0.33
C 2 3 3 2.83 0.17
D 3.5 4 5 4.08 0.25
E 1 3 4 2.83 0.50
F 8 10 15 10.50 1.17
G 2 3 4 3.00 0.33
H 2 2 2.5 2.08 0.08



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Experiment -5

Object: - Design a Gantt Chart for Library automation using Ms-project.





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Experiment -6

Object- Design a DFD / Flow chart for the Library automation using
SmartDraw.

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