METHOD OF DATA

COLLECTION
Prepared By

Aishwarya Vidyasagar
Akashdeep Singh
Utkarsh Amaravat
Apurvi Patel
Bhavesh Barasara
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Need of Data Collection
To get information for analysis.
To get idea about real time situation.
For comparison between two situation.
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Factors to be considered before
collection of Data
Object and scope of the enquiry.
Sources of information.
Quantitative expression.
Techniques of data collection.
Unit of collection.

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Sources of Data
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Internal and External Source of Data
Internal Sources of Data
Many institutions and departments
have information about their
regular functions, for their own
internal purpose.
When those information is used in
any survey, its called Internal
Source Of Collection of Data.
E.g.., Railway Educational
Institutes & Social Welfare
Societies etc.
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External Sources of Data
When information is collected form outside
agencies, it is called external source of
data.
Such type of data are either Primary or
Secondary.
This type of information can be collected
by Census or Sampling method by
conducting surveys.
Primary Data
Primary data are those which are collected for the first time.
It is real time data which are collected by the researcher himself.
This is the process of Collecting and making use of the data.
This Data originated by the researcher specifically to address
the research problem.


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Method of Collecting Primary Data
1. Direct personal Investigation ( i.e. Interview Method)
Under this method the investigator collect the data personally.
He approaches the objects, conducts the enquiry on the spot, collects
information and does the needful. For the successful collection of
data under this method, its necessary that the investigator should be
polite, unbiased and ware of the local conditions, environment and
languages.


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2. Indirect oral investigation ( i.e. through
enumerators)
Under this the investigator doesnt collects the information
directly, instead he gets them indirectly through those persons who
know the information and who are ready to part away with the
information they posses. This method is used incase where direct
contact is not possible.

3. Investigation through Local reporters Questionnaire
In this method data are not collected through specially
appointed agents/ correspondents/investigators/enumerators but local
agents or correspondents are requested to collect the information. They
collect the information in their own fashion and according to their
likings and dislikings.
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4. Investigation through mailed Questionnaire
Under this method the investigator may either appoint local
agents/ investigators/ enumerators and mail them the questionnaire for
collecting information or collecting by his own using mail or telephone.
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5. Investigation through Observation
In this watching behavior of object and most commonly used
method in behavior science. One major problem in this method is that
Natural response is not obtained when respondent know he is observed.

Type of Observation-
1) Participant Observation
2) Non-Participant Observation
3) Disguised Observation
4) Controlled Observation
5) Uncontrolled Observation



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Secondary Data
Secondary data are those that have already been collected by
others.
These are usually in journals, periodicals, dailies, research
publications, official records etc.
Secondary data may be available in the published or
unpublished form. When it is not possible to collect the data by
primary method, the investigator go for Secondary method.
This Data collected for some purpose other than the problem at
hand.


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Method of Collecting Secondary Data
1. Published Sources
a) International Publication
UNO publishes a number of journals and periodicals which are
best sources of secondary data for national as well as international
facts.



b) Government Publications
The Govt. of India as well as other state Govt. publish data for
their use as well as for the use of researcher and others. These data are
very much accurate and reliable for various types of investigations.
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c) Publication
Municipal corporations, boards, etc. publish data pertaining to birth
rate, death rate, literacy, etc. These can be effectively put to use by
investigators.

d) Commercials Research, Educational Institute, Unions, Organizations
etc. These institutions also conduct enquiry and publish their reports through
which data can be had for use of investigators enquiring on the related
subjects.

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2. Unpublished Sources
In some of the cases, enquiry are conducted, data are classified
and analyzed but due to some reasons or other findings are published
though they are preserved either by the individual or a society. They
can also be used by the investigators as Secondary Data.
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Difference between Primary and
Secondary Data
Primary Data Secondary Data
Real time data. Past data.
Sure about sources of data. Not sure about sources of data.
Help to give results/finding. Refining the problem.
Costly and Time consuming process. Cheap and No time consuming
process.
Avoid biasness of response data. Can not know in data biasness or not.
More flexible. Less Flexible.
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References
1. Comprehensive Economics (Statistics for Economics and Indian
Economic Development) by S. A. Siddiqui, Laxmi Publication
Private Limited.

2. Marketing Research by Naresh Malhotra and Satyabhusan Dash,
Pearson Publication.
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