2010physics JJC

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JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE

J2 Preliminary Examination 2010

Name: _____________________________ Class: 09___________

PHYSICS 9646/01
Higher 2

Paper 1 Sep 2010

1 hour 15 mins

Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.

Shade in soft pencil.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, class and index number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided.

There are fourty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question, there
are four possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate
Answer Sheet provided.

Each correct answer will score one mark. No mark will be deducted for a wrong answer.

Total marks: 40

(This question paper consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page )
www.erwintuition.com

9646/9745/P1/2010 [Turn Over
2

Data
speed of light in free space, c = 3.00 10
8
m s
-1

permeability of free space,
o
= 4 10
7
H m
1

permittivity of free space,
o
= 8.85 10
12
F m
1
=(1/(36)) 10
9
F m
1

elementary charge, e = 1.60 10
19
C
the Planck constant, h = 6.63 10
34
J s
unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 10
27
kg
rest mass of electron, m
e
= 9.11 10
31
kg
rest mass of proton, m
p
= 1.67 10
27
kg
molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K
1
mol
1

the Avogadro constant, N
A
= 6.02 10
23
mol
1

the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 10
23
J K
1

gravitational constant, G = 6.67 10
11
N m
2
kg
2

acceleration of free fall, g = 9.81 m s
2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut +
2
2
1
at
v
2
= u
2
+2as
work done on/by a gas, W = p V
hydrostatic pressure, p = gh
gravitational potential, =
Gm
r

displacement of particle in s.h.m., x = x
o
sin t
velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = v
o
cos t
v =
2 2
( )
o
x x
mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas E =
3
2
kT
resistors in series, R = R
1
+R
2
+. . .
resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R
1
+1/R
2
+. . .
electric potential, V =
o
Q
r 4

alternating current / voltage, x = x
o
sin t
transmission coefficient, T exp(-2kd)
where k =
2
2
8 ( m U E
h
)

radioactive decay, x = x
o
exp(t)
decay constant, =
0.693
t
1
2


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3

1 Which of the following could be the correct expression for the velocity v of ocean waves in
terms of the density of seawater, g the acceleration of free fall, h the depth of the ocean
and the wavelength?

A
g
B
h g /
C
gh
D
/ g

2 Given that the quantities a, b and c are related by a = bc
4
.
What is the maximum percentage uncertainty in b if the maximum percentage
uncertainties in a and c are 1 % and 2 % respectively?

A 1 %
B 3 %
C 7 %
D 9 %

3. A plane is flying horizontally at a speed of 150 m s
-1
over the sea. Suddenly a package is
released from the plane which is 200 m above the sea level as shown in the diagram
below.

Neglecting air resistance and assuming that the plane does not change its course, speed
or altitude, how far from the plane is the package when it hits the water?

A 125 m
B 146 m
C 150 m
D 200 m

200 m
150 m s
-1

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4. A projectile is fired with an initial speed of 51.2 m s
-1
at angle 44.5 above the horizontal on
a long flat firing range. Point A is the maximum height attained by the projectile.

What is the vertical component of the velocity and location of the projectile 1.50 s after
firing?

Speed / m s
-1
Location
A 21.2 Before point A
B 21.2 After point A
C 35.6 Before point A
D 35.6 After point A

5 The variation of the force F with time t acting on a body of mass 200 g is as shown in
the graph below.

Given that the velocity of the body at t =75 ms is 15 m s
-1
, what is the velocity of the
body at t =150 ms ?

A 15 m s
-1

B 30 m s
-1

C 35 m s
-1

D 39 m s
-1

F /N
50 100 150 200
20
40
60
80
t/ ms

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6 A light spring is permanently connected between two blocks of wood on a frictionless
surface. The masses of the blocks are 2.0 kg and 5.0 kg and they can move freely
along a straight horizontal track. The spring is compressed and then the blocks are
released simultaneously from rest.

When the acceleration of the heavier block is 10 m s
-2
, the acceleration of the lighter
block will be

A 5 m s
-2

B 10 m s
-2

C 20 m s
-2

D 25 m s
-2

7 Forces 5 N, 12 N and 13 N are in equilibrium. If sin 23 =
13
5
, the angle between the
5 N force and 13 N force is

A 23
B 67
C 113
D 157

5 kg
2 kg

8 A non-uniform rod of mass 4.0 kg is suspended by a string attached at B and is
hinged at A so that it is horizontal. The centre of gravity of the rod is 60 cm from A and
40 cm from B. The string makes an angle with the vertical, where sin 0.60 = .
Assuming that the pulley is frictionless, find the mass M. (Take g to be 10 m s
-2
)

A 3.0 kg
B 4.0 kg
C 30.0 kg
D 40.0 kg
wall
M

B
A


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9. A mass is projected vertically upwards with a given velocity. Neglecting air resistance,
which one of the following statements is correct?

A The kinetic energy of the mass is a maximum at the maximum height attained.
B In accordance with the conservation of energy, the total energy of the mass is
constant throughout the motion.
C In accordance with the principle of conservation of momentum, the momentum of
the mass is constant throughout the motion.

D The potential energy increases uniformly with time during descent.

10. A weight of 2.0 N is raised at a constant speed through a vertical height of 80 cm in
4.0 s using an electric motor. If the efficiency of the motor is 20 %, what is the electrical
power supplied to the motor?

A 0.080 W
B 0.80 W
C 2.0 W

D 200 W

11. One end of an inextensible string is attached to the handle of a pail of water. The other
end is held by a teacher. The teacher swings the pail of water such that its trajectory is
a circle in a vertical plane with a fixed centre (i.e. the hand that holds the string remains
at the same position as it swings the pail of water in the vertical circle). Assume that
the pail moves in uniform circular motion. Which of the following statements is true?

A The velocity of the pail at the top is more than the velocity at the bottom.
B To keep the water in the pail at the top, the centripetal force must always be
greater than the weight of the water.
C The centripetal force acting on the pail of water at the top is due to the tension
only.

D At the lowest point of the vertical circle, the weight of the water is balanced by the
normal contact force acting on the water by the pail.

12. Which of the following equations (in their usual notations) shows how gravitational field
strength g is defined?
A
2
r
GM
g =
B
dr
d
g

=
C
m
F
g =

D
a g =


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13. An astronaut goes out for a space-walk at a distance above the earth equal to the
radius of the earth. If the gravitational field strength at the surface of the earth is g,
what is the astronauts acceleration due to gravity?

A zero
B g / 4
C g / 2

D g

14 Which one of the following sketches best shows the correct relationship between the
thermodynamic temperature (K) and the Celsius temperature (C)?

A

B

C

D

15 In an experiment with a continuous flow calorimeter to find the specific heat capacity of
a liquid, an input power of 60 W produced a rise in temperature of 10 K in the liquid.
When the power was doubled, the same temperature rise was achieved by making the
rate of flow of the liquid four times faster.

The power lost to the surroundings in each case, assuming they are the same, was

A 20 W
B 30 W
C 40 W
D 50 W


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16. Four resistors are connected as shown.

Between which two points is the resistance of the combination a maximum?

A P and Q
B Q and S
C R and S

D S and P
1
P Q
2 2
S R
1

17 Five identical light bulbs are connected to a constant-voltage d.c. supply as shown in the
diagram.

Which bulb(s) is/are the brightest?

A (1)
B (2) and (3)
C (4) and (5)
D All bulbs are equally bright
(1)
(2) (3) (4) (5)


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18 A d.c. circuit is set up below.

The potential at point X in the circuit is

A 3 V B 5 V C 11 V D 13 V

19 Cells that have the same e.m.f. E but different internal resistances are used to power
two lamps, either connected in series or parallel, as shown in the figures below.

S
1
P
1

S
2
P
2

Which of the following combination is in order of decreasing brightness?

A P
2
S
2
S
1
P
1
B P
1
S
1
S
2
P
2
C P
2
P
1
S
2
S
1
D S
1
S
2
P
1
P
2

12
8

E
2
2
1
E
1
1 1
E
3
E
3
1
2 2
1

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20.

A mass of 3.0 kg is suspended at the end of a spring. Its oscillation is shown in the
displacement versus time graph in Figure 20.1. What is the maximum speed of the
mass and the energy stored in this system?

Fig. 20.1
Maximum speed Energy stored
A 0.79 0.93
B 0.79 1.19
C 1.6 3.7
D 1.6 6.0

21. Which of the following statements about an oscillating system is correct?

A The amplitude of a damped oscillation always decreases slowly with time.
B In a forced oscillation, the frequency of the oscillating system is always equal to
its natural frequency.
C Resonance occurs when an oscillating system is subject to a periodic external
force.

D Damping causes an oscillating system to resonate at slightly lower frequency.

22. A transverse progressive wave travels along a horizontal rope from P to Q. Which of
the following statements is correct?

A Particles at P and at Q are moving in phase
B Both particles at P and at Q are vibrating parallel to the direction in which the
wave travels.
C When P is displaced upwards and moving downwards, Q is displaced upwards
and moving upwards.

D The wavelength of the wave is equal to half of the distance of PQ.
P
displacement
distance
Q

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23. A sound wave from a loudspeaker has an amplitude of 0.10 mm at a distance 2.0 m
away at P as shown in Figure 23.1. What is the amplitude of the sound wave reaching
a distance 8.0 m away at Q?

Fig. 23.1
A 0.00063 mm
B 0.0025 mm
C 0.0063 mm

D 0.025 mm
Q
P
8.0 m
2.0 m

24. The diagram shows a long rope fixed at one end. The other end is moved up and
down, setting up a stationary wave.

What is the phase difference between the oscillations at

X and Y X and Z
A 0 0
B 0 rad
C
1
2
rad

0

D
1
2
rad

rad

Z

25. A monochromatic beam of light falls at normal incidence on a diffraction grating.
The angle between the two third-order diffracted beams is . 90
o

What is the lowest and highest order of diffracted beam produced by this diffraction
grating respectively?

A 0
th
and 3
rd

B 1
st
and 3
rd

C 0
th
and 4
th

D 1
st
and 4
th


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26.
In the diagrams, the thin lines show equipotential lines and the bold arrows show the
electric field lines and their directions.

Which set of equipotential lines and field lines is possible?

A

B

C

D

7 V 9 V 5 V 9 V 7 V 5 V

27.
The diagram shows a square metal plate with a potential of 500 V, and equipotential
lines surrounding it.

What is the change in electric potential energy of the electron when it moves from point
Q to point P?

A 4.8 10
-17
J
B 3.2 10
-17
J
C -3.2 10
-17
J
D -4.8 10
-17
J

9 V 7 V 5 V 9 V 7 V 5 V

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28 Two singly charged ions, P and Q, of masses m
P
and m
Q
respectively are
accelerated through a p.d of V before passing through a magnetic field B (out of the
plane of the paper).

The radius of the path of ions P and Q is r
P
and r
Q
respectively. The ratio of
Q
P
r
r
is

A

B
Q
P
m
4m
Q
P
m
2m

C

D
Q
P
m
m
Q
P
2m
m

29 X, Y and Z represent three parallel wires lying on the same plane with equal
separation as shown below. They carry the same magnitude of current perpendicular
to the page. Currents in X and Y are directed into the paper while that of Z is directed
out of the paper.

Given that the force per unit length acting between two current carrying conductors is
d
I I
L
F
2
2 1 0
= ,the resultant force on X due to the currents in Y and Z is

A zero
B perpendicular to the line joining XYZ
C in a direction from X to Y
D in a direction from Y to X

X Y Z
d d


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30 The graph shows the variation with time of the magnetic flux linking a coil.

Which graph shows the variation with time of the e.m.f. induced in the coil?

A B

C D


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31 The figure below shows a copper disc rotating at a constant rate about its centre O
in a uniform magnetic field between two bar magnets. The magnetic field is acting
perpendicularly to the disc.

Which of the following graphs correctly shows the variation of the induced e.m.f.
between the centre O and a point R on the rim of the disc with time t?

A B

C D

32 The figure below shows the variation with time of a periodic current.

What is the root-mean-square value of the current?

A 4.50 A
B 3.97 A
C 3.75 A
D 3.35 A

t / ms
8 0
6
-3
-6
3
7 6
2
5
1 4 3
I /A


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33. In an X-ray machine, electrons are accelerated from rest and directed at a metal
target. Which part of the process produces the characteristic X-ray spectra?

A
The incident electron loses energy.

B
The incident electron knocks an electron out of one of the metal atoms.

C
A vacancy in lower energy level in a metal atom is filled.

D
The incident electron emits an X-ray.

34. When a hydrogen atom absorbs a photon that raises it to the n =5 state, what is the
greatest number of photons that can be emitted by that atom as it returns to the
ground state?

A
5

B
10

C
15

D
20


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35 The sketch graph shows how the wave function of an electron varies with position.

Which graph, drawn on the same horizontal scale, gives the probability of finding an
electron at each position?

A

B

C

D

36 A particle has a total energy that is less than that of a potential barrier. When the particle
penetrates into the barrier, its wave function is

A a positive constant

B exponentially increasing

C sinusoidal

D exponentially decreasing


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37 In the action of a laser, population inversion refers to

A the rate of stimulated emission being smaller than the rate of absorption

B more atoms in a high energy state than the ground state

C photons causing other photons of the same frequency to be emitted from excited atoms

D charged particles causing light to be emitted from excited atoms

38. The diagrams illustrate the conduction band (CB), forbidden band (FB), valence band (VB)
and an energy level of different materials.

Which diagram depicts a semiconductor doped with boron?

A

B

C

D


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39 In order to trace the line of a water pipe buried 1.0 m below the ground surface, a
radioactive isotope could be added to the water.

Which of the following best describes the most appropriate radioactive isotope to be
used for this purpose?

Radioactive isotope Half life
A Gamma emitter A few hours
B Gamma emitter A few years
C Alpha emitter A few hours
D Alpha emitter A few years

40 When a detector is pointed towards a radioactive sample that is 80 cm away and has a
half-life of 20 mins, it gives an average count-rate of 90 Bq. In the absence of the
source, the average count-rate is 10 Bq.

What average count-rate is expected 40 mins later, with the detector still pointed
towards the sample but now located 40 cm away?

Regard the sample to be a point source of radiation and note that the Becquerel (Bq)
unit is equivalent to 1 s
-1
.

A 90 Bq
B 50 Bq
C 40 Bq
D 20 Bq


Jurong JC 9646/P2/2010 [Turn Over

Name: _____________________________ Class: 09___________

PHYSICS 9646/02
Higher 2

Paper 2 30 Aug 2010

1 hour 45 min

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

For
Examiners Use
Section A
1 /8
2 /8
3 /8
4 /8
5 /8
6 /20
Section B
/12


Write your name and class in the spaces provided at the top of this
page.

Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question.
Total /72

(This question paper consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page)
Preliminary Examination 2010
2

Data
8
m s
-1

o
= 4 10
7
H m
1

o
= 8.85 10
12
F m
1
=(1/(36)) 10
9
F m
1

19
C
34
J s
27
kg
e
= 9.11 10
31
kg
p
= 1.67 10
27
kg
1
mol
1

A
= 6.02 10
23
mol
1

23
J K
1

11
N m
2
kg
2

2

Formulae
2
2
1
at
v
2
= u
2
+2as
Gm
r

o
sin t
o
cos t
v =
2 2
( )
o
x x
3
2
kT
1
+R
2
+. . .
1
+1/R
2
+. . .
o
Q
r 4

o
sin t
where k =
2
2
8 ( m U E
h
)

o
exp(t)
decay constant, =
0.693
t
1
2

3

Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.

1 The speed limit of one segment of the Pan Island Expressway is 90 km h
-1
.
A police radar speed detector detects a motorcycle moving at a constant speed of
35 m s
-1
. 20 seconds later, a police car, hiding at a distance 100 m after the speed
detector, accelerates from rest at 4.0 m s
-2
for 13.0 s to reach its top speed.

(a) Show that the motorcycle has exceeded the speed limit stated. [1]

(b) Calculate the top speed of the police car. [1]

(c) When the police car just reached its top speed, calculate the distance between the
motorcycle and the police car. Show your working clearly. [4]

(d) How long does the police car take to catch up with the motorcycle, after reaching
its top speed? [2]

4

2 A small electric torch is powered by a single cell which supplies 1.6 J of energy per
coulomb of charge passing through the cell. When the torch is switched on, the cell
supplies a constant current of 0.50 A to bulb X. The potential difference across the bulb
is 1.2 V.

(a) Show that the internal resistance, r, of the cell is 0.80 . [2]

(b) The bulb X, is replaced by another bulb Y, which is found to take a current of 0.30
A. Calculate the

(i) new potential difference across the internal resistance of the cell, [1]

(ii) the potential difference across bulb Y. [1]

(c) By considering their power usage, calculate the power lost in the cell for each of
the cases when connected to bulb X and to bulb Y. [4]

5

3 An oil drop of diameter 1.00 m which has two excess electrons attached to it, is at rest
in the air between two parallel charged plates separated 5.00 cm apart. The top plate is
earthed while the bottom plate is at a potential of V as shown in Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.1

The densities of oil and air are 900 kg m
-3
and 1.2 kg m
-3
respectively.

(a) What is the charge on the oil drop? [1]

(b) Explain why the effect of upthrust is negligible in maintaining the equilibrium state
of the oil drop. [2]

V
5.00 cm

6

(c) Hence, or otherwise, show that the field strength due to the charged plates is
1.44 x 10
4
N C
-1
. [1]

[The volume of a sphere of radius r is given by
3
4
3
r .]

(d) Determine the value of V. [2]

(e) Sketch the pattern of the electric field lines due to the parallel plates only in
Fig. 3.1. [1]

(f) In 1909, Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher performed similar experiments using
a more complicated setup shown in Fig. 3.1 to measure the elementary electric
charge. By repeating the experiment for many oil drops, they estimated the charge
of an electron to within 1 % of the currently acceptable value. The effect of
upthrust was taken into consideration.

Suggest one source of experimental error. [1]

7

4 (a) An electron of kinetic energy 12.0 eV can be shown to have a speed of
2.05 x 10
6
m s
-1
. Assume that the electron is moving in the x direction and that the
precision in measuring its speed is 0.50 %.

What is the minimum uncertainty of the position of the electron along the x axis? [3]

(b) (i) Briefly describe the application of quantum tunneling to the probing tip of a
scanning tunneling microscope (STM), [2]

(ii) and how this may be used to obtain atomic scale images of surfaces.
[3]

8

5 A radioactive isotope of Thallium, 207, emits beta particles with an average energy of 1.5
MeV. The half life of the isotope is 135 days, and it is also thought to emit gamma
radiation.

(a) Describe a simple method which could be used to confirm that beta particles are
emitted, and to check for the presence of gamma radiation. [2]

(b) Calculate

(i)

the total energy, in joules, available from the beta particles emitted from
1 g of the isotope; [2]

(ii)
the initial rate at which beta particles are emitted from 1 g of the freshly
prepared isotope; [2]

9


(iii)
the intial power, in watts, available from the beta particles emitted at the
rate calculated in (ii). [1]

(c) It has been suggested that Thallium 207 could be used to power the amplifiers
built into underwater telephone cables. Use the data and your answer to (b) to
discuss why the suggestion is not worth pursuing. [1]

10

6 We know that slow oscillations of a rolling ship can produce sea-sickness, although the
origin of car-sickness is less clear. Machine operators are subject to more rapid
vibrations; the pneumatic road drill is an extreme example.

Some effects of oscillations of various frequencies are shown in Fig. 6.1.

Fig. 6.1

Most serious effects are due to resonance when the natural frequency of oscillation of
some part of the body is equal to the frequency of a vibrating platform with the person on
it. Fig. 6.2 shows the motion of the abdomen wall at various frequencies.

Fig. 6.2

11

The tolerance of human beings to vibration varies with frequency. You can see this in
Fig. 6.3, which is a graph showing the results of a study of human vibration tolerance.
Such studies are of special importance in designing aircraft and space probes. Human
vibration engineering is also important in designing hand-operated machine tools. The
use of such a tool for intricate work would be very difficult if it is vibrated at a resonant
frequency of the hand-arm system.

Human Vibration Tolerance

Fig. 6.3
The curves show the value and the range of the limit of the tolerable acceleration at
various frequencies. ( g =9.81 m s
-2
)

(a) Estimate from Fig. 6.1, the range of frequencies which would be safe for hand-
operated machines. Give a reason for your answer. [3]

12

(b) Fig. 6.3 shows that humans are very intolerant of acceleration when they are
subjected to vibrations between 3 to 9 Hz. Use information from Fig. 6.1 to
suggest any two discomforts that might be experienced under these conditions.
[2]

(c) Fig. 6.3 shows the maximum tolerable acceleration, during one cycle of an
oscillation, plotted against oscillation frequency.

(i) Assuming the oscillation is simple harmonic, write down an appropriate
formula that relates the magnitude of the maximum tolerable
acceleration to the maximum tolerable amplitude, explain the symbols
used. [2]

(ii) Hence calculate the terms given below and complete the following table.
[3]

Frequency
(Hz)
Angular
frequency
(rad s
-1
)
Magnitude of the
maximum tolerable
acceleration
(m s
-2
)
Maximum
tolerable
amplitudes
(m)

5.0

13

(d) (i) Comment on Fig. 6.2 using your knowledge of resonance. [2]

(ii) Hence suggest and explain a medical problem that may arise from the
phenomenon depicted in Fig. 6.2. [2]

(e) One important feature in the design of cars is its suspension system that is
based on the comfort of the car driver. Assume the formula for the natural
frequency of the spring in the suspension is as follows

k
m
f
2
1
= where f =natural frequency of vibration of the spring
m =mass of the car and the driver
k =spring constant (unit is in N m
-1
)

(i)

From Fig. 6.3, estimate the frequency of vibration that corresponds to the
lowest value of tolerable acceleration that a car driver can experience. [1]

14


(ii) Hence find the spring constant that will resonate at this frequency for a
car with a driver that has a total mass of 680 kg. [2]

(iii) Comment on why the spring in the car suspension system is not
effective in dissipating energy. Suggest and explain a method which will
effectively dissipate the vibrational energy of the spring faster. [3]

15

Section B

It is recommended that you spend about 30 minutes on this section.

7 The origin of bungee-jumping is quite recent but the activity is related to the centuries-
old ritualistic practices of land divers of the Pentecost Island in the Pacific
Archipelago of Vanuatu. The men would demonstrate their courage and offer their
injuries to the gods for a plentiful harvest of yams. Nowadays, the sport uses cranes,
towers, bridges or hot-air balloons to serve as jump platforms.

A group of bungee jumping enthusiasts proposed to set up a Bungee J umping
Extreme Club in the college. There are many safety considerations to consider. One of
the most important safety considerations would be the minimum safety height from
which the jumper jumps. If this safety consideration is not enforced, the jumper might
hit the ground and suffer serious injury before the rubber cord that is tied to his ankles
is fully extended. It is suggested that the minimum safety height depends on the mass
of the jumper and the original length of the rubber cord.

For the safety of the bungee jumping enthusiasts, design a scaled down experiment in
the laboratory to investigate how the minimum safety height depends on the mass of
the object and the length of the rubber cord.

16

The apparatus available includes the following:

Retort stand with clamp and boss head
Measuring tape
Rubber cords
Spherical bobs
Brick

You should draw a diagram to show the arrangement of your apparatus. In your
account you should pay attention to

(a) the apparatus you would use for the investigation,
(b) the procedure to be followed,
(c) the control of variables,
(d) any safety precautions,
(e) any precautions that you would take to improve the accuracy of the
experiment.

[12]

17

Diagram

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19

Jurong JC 9646/P2/2010
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End-of-Paper


Jurong JC 9646/P3/2010

Name: _____________________________ Class: 09___________

PHYSICS 9646/03
Higher 2

Paper 3 25 Aug 2010

2 hours

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

For
Examiners Use
1 /8
2 /8
3 /8
4 /8
5 /8
/20
/20


Write your name and class in the spaces provided at the top of this
page.

Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer all questions.

Section B
Answer any two questions.

You are advised to spend about one hour on each section.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question.
Total /80

(This question paper consists of 21 printed pages and 1 blank page)
Preliminary Examination 2010

J urong J C 9646/P3/2010 [Turn Over

2
Data
8
m s
-1

o
= 4 10
7
H m
1

o
= 8.85 10
12
F m
1
=(1/(36)) 10
9
F m
1

19
C
34
J s
27
kg
e
= 9.11 10
31
kg
p
= 1.67 10
27
kg
1
mol
1

A
= 6.02 10
23
mol
1

23
J K
1

11
N m
2
kg
2

2

Formulae
2
2
1
at
v
2
= u
2
+2as
Gm
r

o
sin t
o
cos t
v =
2 2
( )
o
x x
3
2
kT
1
+R
2
+. . .
1
+1/R
2
+. . .
o
Q
r 4

o
sin t
where k =
2
2
8 ( m U E
h
)

o
exp(t)
decay constant, =
0.693
t
1
2


J urong J C 9646/9745/P3/2010 [Turn Over

3
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.

1. Fig. 1 below illustrates a satellite of mass 425 kg placed at a point X, a distance of
1.60 x 10
9
m from the centre of the Earth, in order to observe the Sun continuously.

Fig. 1
(a) Using the data given, determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force
acting on the satellite. [3]

(b) (i) Given that the satellite is in a circular orbit around the Sun, determine its
acceleration. [1]

(ii) Hence or otherwise, calculate its angular velocity. [2]

Mass of Sun =1.99 x 10
30
kg
Mass of Earth =5.98 x 10
24
kg
Pull of the Earth on the satellite =0.0662 N

1.60 x 10
9
m
1.50 x 10
11
m
X
Sun Earth


4
(c) Write out two disadvantages of having a satellite orbiting around the Sun. [2]

2 A fixed mass of ideal gas undergoes a cycle of changes A B C D A as shown
in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2
(a) Use Fig. 2 to determine the net work done by the ideal gas in a complete cycle. [2]



5
(b) Explain why the total change in the internal energy of the ideal gas in a complete
cycle must be zero. [2]

(c) If the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas at A is 600 K, what is the
thermodynamic temperature of the gas at B? [2]

(d) Can the thermodynamic cycle illustrated in Fig. 2 be found in a refrigerator or a petrol
engine? Explain your answer. [2]



6
3. (a) A battery of e.m.f 6.0 V is connected to a lamp and a high resistance voltmeter as
shown in Fig. 3.1.

(i) When the switch S is closed, the lamp lights up and the reading on the voltmeter
is 5.6 V. Explain why the reading is less than the e.m.f of the battery. [1]

(ii) The brightness of the lamp can be adjusted with a variable resistor that is
connected parallel to AB.
1. Explain qualitatively why the brightness varies. [2]

2. Several lamps are needed in a house and the lamps are connected in
parallel instead of in series to the mains. Suggest one advantage in this
arrangement. [1]

V
6.0 V
Fig. 3.1
B
A
S


7
(b) Fig. 3.2 shows a simple series circuit connected to a potentiometer which consists of
a battery, a variable resistor and a uniform slide-wire of length L. The balance length,
L
Y
, is achieved by sliding the key along the slide-wire till the galvanometer shows a
null deflection.

Fig. 3.2

(i) Explain how an increase in the resistance of the variable resistor will affect the
magnitude of L
Y.
[2]

(ii) The galvanometer is now removed from Y and connected to X. A balance
length of L
x
is found by sliding the key along the slide-wire till the galvanometer
shows a null deflection. Find the ratio of L
X
: L
Y
.

[2]

6 V

R 2R 3R
L
Y

X Y
12 V
Sliding key


8
4 (a) A double slit system is illuminated by a laser of wavelength 633 nm and produces an
interference pattern on the screen as shown in Fig 4.1. The diagram is not drawn to
scale.

Fig. 4.1
(i) Calculate the path difference between the laser beams emerging from the two
slits at
1. point R, and [1]

2. point S [1]

(ii) State and explain one change in the fringes when the laser is replaced by violet
light [2]



9
(b) A narrow beam of coherent light with wavelength 570 nm is incident normally on a
diffraction grating having 400 lines per mm as shown in Fig. 4.2. A screen is placed
2.00 m beyond the grating. The first order maximum is found at distance x from the
central maximum.

Fig. 4.2
(i) Determine the distance x. [2]

(ii) Briefly describe what happens to the pattern on the screen in (b)(i) if every
alternate lines on the diffraction grating were to be blocked. [2]



10
5 (a) A laser constructed of the semiconductor Gallium Aluminium Arsenide (GaAlAs) can
continuously deliver 5.0 mW of power at a wavelength of 0.80 m.

(i) At what rate does it generate photons? [2]

(ii) State any two important conditions required to produce a laser beam. [1]

(b) (i) Explain how the depletion region in a p-n junction is formed. [3]



11
(ii) Using the idea of a depletion region, explain how a p-n junction can act as a
rectifier [2]



12
Section B
Answer two questions from this section. Each question carries 20 marks.
6 (a) State Newtons second law of motion. [2]

(b) In Fig. 6.1 below, a 40 kg slab A rests on a frictionless floor. A 10 kg block B rests
on top of slab A. The frictional force between the two slabs is 40 N if B slides over
A. If B is acted on by a horizontal force of 100 N,

Fig. 6.1
(i) sketch and label the free-body diagram of block B. [2]

(ii) sketch and label the free-body diagram of slab A. [2]

B
A
100 N


13
(iii) describe quantitatively the subsequent motion of slab A. [2]

(iv) identify the two pairs of action-reaction forces between slab A and block B
only.(With reference to the free-body diagrams of slab A and block B) [2]

(c) State the principle of conservation of momentum [2]

(d) A rifleman, who together with his automatic rifle has a mass of 100 kg stands on
roller skates and fires ten shots horizontally. Each bullet has a mass of 4.0 x 10
-2
kg
and a muzzle velocity of 800 m s
-1
.

(i) If the rifleman moves back without friction, calculate the final mass of the
rifleman and the rifle after the ten shots. [1]

(ii) Estimate his velocity at the end of the ten shots. Give your answer to three
significant figures. [1]



14
(iii) If the shots were fired in 10 s, calculate the average force exerted on the
rifleman. [2]

(iv) In reality, the actual force exerted on the rifleman is much greater than the
calculated force. Comment on the difference. [2]

(v) The butt of the rifle is sometimes fitted with a thick rubber pad as shown in
Fig. 6.2

Fig. 6.2

Describe and explain how the pad will affect the recoil of the rifle, as
experienced by the rifleman. [2]

Rifle butt
Thick rubber pad


15
7 (a) Define the following terms: [3]
(i) Magnetic flux density

(ii) Lenzs law

(b) A magnet is moved into a solenoid as shown in Fig. 7.1 below. An opposing effect is
experienced by the magnet.

Fig. 7.1
Using Lenzs law, explain how the law of conservation of energy can be applied to
the above experiment. [3]



16
(c) A uniform metal wire AB of length 12.0 cm and mass 8.0 x 10
-3
kg lies in a vertical
plane with a resistor R connected in series to it. A uniform, horizontal magnetic field
of flux density 2.0 x 10
-2
T, is directed into the paper as shown in Fig. 7.2. The wire
is moved upwards across the magnetic field at a velocity v.

Fig. 7.2
(i) Explain how e.m.f. is induced across the ends of the wire [1]

(ii) State the effect (if any) opposing the motion of the wire. [1]

(iii) State and explain whether A or B is at higher potential. [2]

(iv) Instead of moving the wire vertically upwards, the wire was moved in another
direction such that there is no e.m.f. induced in the wire. State two possible
motions of the wire. [2]

A
R
v
Magnetic field
directed into
plane of paper
B


17
(d) The resistor R is removed and replaced with a potential difference applied across
the ends of the uniform wire AB in (c) so that there is an electromagnetic force
acting at the centre of the wire as shown in Fig. 7.3. The wire is hinged at A and
tilted such that it remains at equilibrium when held at an angle of 20.0
o
to the
horizontal.

Fig. 7.3

(i) On Fig. 7.3, mark the direction of the current on the wire. [1]
(ii) Calculate the weight of the wire. [1]

(iii) Taking moments about hinge A, calculate the magnitude of the
electromagnetic force when the wire is held stationary. [2]

(iv) Hence, calculate the current flowing in the wire [2]

20.0
o
Electromagnetic force
on wire
Magnetic field
directed into plane
of paper
A
B


18

(v) The wire is tilted further and placed such that the angle between the wire and
the horizontal is now 30.0
o
as shown in Fig. 7.4.

Fig. 7.4
The wire is then released from rest. For the same potential difference applied
across wire AB, state and explain the effect on the motion of the wire. [2]

30.0
o
Electromagnetic
force on wire
Magnetic field
directed into plane
of paper
A
B


19
8 (a) Define the intensity of an electromagnetic wave. [1]

(b) Why is the wave theory of light unable to explain the observations of the
photoelectric experiment? [2]

(c) Two beams of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation, A and B, have equal
intensities. Information of the radiation are as follows:
The wavelength of A,
A,
is 300 nm
The wavelength of B,
B
, is 450 nm
E denotes the energy of a photon and N denotes the number of photons. The
subscripts A and B refer to the two beams.

(i)
Explain the relation between E and and calculate the ratio of
A
B
E
E

[2]

(ii)
Work out the relation between N and , then calculate the ratio of
A
B
N
t
N
t
when
the two beams of radiation fall on the same area. [2]



20
(d) Four of the energy levels of a lithium atom are shown in Fig. 8.1 below.

Fig. 8.1
One way to study the energy levels of an atom is to bombard it with incident
electrons and measure the kinetic energies of the scattered electrons after the
collision.
(i)
If an electron of kinetic energy 0.92 eV is incident onto a lithium atom which is
initially in the 5.02 eV level, the scattered electron can only have two possible
kinetic energies.
State these two kinetic energy values, and explain what has happened to the
lithium atom in each case. (You should assume that the lithium atom was at
rest both before and after the collision) [4]

e) The resolving power of a microscope depends on the wavelength used. To "see" an
atom, a resolution of approximately 1.00 x 10
-11
m would be required.
(i) If electrons are used (in an electron microscope), calculate the minimum
kinetic energy required for the electrons? [3]

(ii) If photons are used, calculate the minimum photon energy needed to obtain
the required resolution? [2]
21

J urong J C 9646/9745/P3/2010

f) X-rays are produced in an X-ray machine by bombarding a metal with fast moving
electrons as shown in Fig. 8.2 below.

Fig. 8.2
(i) More penetrating X-rays are described as hard X-rays. Explain the
connection between the hardness and the wavelength of the X-ray. You may
assume that the hardness of the X-rays is dependent on the minimum
wavelength. [2]

(ii) Explain how the hardness of X rays can be increased. [2]

End-of-Paper

22

J urong J C 9646/9745/P3/2010

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