Labor Relations Code

LABOR RELATIONS
BOOK FIVE
Title I
POLICY AND DEFINITIONS
Chapter I
POLICY
Art. 211. Declaration o Polic!.
A.It is the policy of the State:

a.To promote and emphasize the primacy of free collective ar!ainin! and ne!otiations" incl#din! vol#ntary
aritration" mediation and conciliation" as modes of settlin! laor or ind#strial disp#tes$

.To promote free trade #nionism as an instr#ment for the enhancement of democracy and the promotion of
social %#stice and development$

c.To foster the free and vol#ntary or!anization of a stron! and #nited laor movement$

d.To promote the enli!htenment of &or'ers concernin! their ri!hts and oli!ations as #nion memers and as
employees$

e.To provide an ade(#ate administrative machinery for the e)peditio#s settlement of laor or ind#strial
disp#tes$

f.To ens#re a stale #t dynamic and %#st ind#strial peace$ and

!.To ens#re the participation of &or'ers in decision and policy*ma'in! processes a+ectin! their ri!hts" d#ties
and &elfare.

B.To enco#ra!e a tr#ly democratic method of re!#latin! the relations et&een the employers and employees
y means of a!reements freely entered into thro#!h collective ar!ainin!" no co#rt or administrative a!ency
or o,cial shall have the po&er to set or -) &a!es" rates of pay" ho#rs of &or' or other terms and conditions
of employment" e)cept as other&ise provided #nder this .ode. /As amended y Section 0" Rep#lic Act No.
1234" 5arch 63" 37879
.hapter II
:E;INITIONS
Art. 212. De"nition#.
a.<.ommission< means the National Laor Relations .ommission or any of its divisions" as the case may e"
as provided #nder this .ode.

.<B#rea#< means the B#rea# of Laor Relations and=or the Laor Relations :ivisions in the re!ional o,ces
estalished #nder >residential :ecree No. 3" in the :epartment of Laor.

c.<Board< means the National .onciliation and 5ediation Board estalished #nder E)ec#tive Order No. 361.

d.<.o#ncil< means the Tripartite ?ol#ntary Aritration Advisory .o#ncil estalished #nder E)ec#tive Order No.
361" as amended.

e.<Employer< incl#des any person actin! in the interest of an employer" directly or indirectly. The term shall
not incl#de any laor or!anization or any of its o,cers or a!ents e)cept &hen actin! as employer.

f.<Employee< incl#des any person in the employ of an employer. The term shall not e limited to the
employees of a partic#lar employer" #nless the .ode so e)plicitly states. It shall incl#de any individ#al &hose
&or' has ceased as a res#lt of or in connection &ith any c#rrent laor disp#te or eca#se of any #nfair laor
practice if he has not otained any other s#stantially e(#ivalent and re!#lar employment.

!.<Laor or!anization< means any #nion or association of employees &hich e)ists in &hole or in part for the
p#rpose of collective ar!ainin! or of dealin! &ith employers concernin! terms and conditions of
employment.

h.<Le!itimate laor or!anization< means any laor or!anization d#ly re!istered &ith the :epartment of Laor
and Employment" and incl#des any ranch or local thereof.

i.<.ompany #nion< means any laor or!anization &hose formation" f#nction or administration has een
assisted y any act de-ned as #nfair laor practice y this .ode.

%.<Bar!ainin! representative< means a le!itimate laor or!anization &hether or not employed y the
employer.

'.<@nfair laor practice< means any #nfair laor practice as e)pressly de-ned y the .ode.

l.<Laor disp#te< incl#des any controversy or matter concernin! terms and conditions of employment or the
association or representation of persons in ne!otiatin!" -)in!" maintainin!" chan!in! or arran!in! the terms
and conditions of employment" re!ardless of &hether the disp#tants stand in the pro)imate relation of
employer and employee.

m.<5ana!erial employee< is one &ho is vested &ith the po&ers or prero!atives to lay do&n and e)ec#te
mana!ement policies and=or to hire" transfer" s#spend" lay*o+" recall" dischar!e" assi!n or discipline
employees. S#pervisory employees are those &ho" in the interest of the employer" e+ectively recommend
s#ch mana!erial actions if the e)ercise of s#ch a#thority is not merely ro#tinary or clerical in nat#re #t
re(#ires the #se of independent %#d!ment. All employees not fallin! &ithin any of the aove de-nitions are
considered ran'*and*-le employees for p#rposes of this Boo'.

n.<?ol#ntary Aritrator< means any person accredited y the Board as s#ch or any person named or
desi!nated in the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement y the parties to act as their ?ol#ntary Aritrator" or one
chosen &ith or &itho#t the assistance of the National .onciliation and 5ediation Board" p#rs#ant to a
selection proced#re a!reed #pon in the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement" or any o,cial that may e
a#thorized y the Secretary of Laor and Employment to act as ?ol#ntary Aritrator #pon the &ritten re(#est
and a!reement of the parties to a laor disp#te.

o.<Stri'e< means any temporary stoppa!e of &or' y the concerted action of employees as a res#lt of an
ind#strial or laor disp#te.

p.<Loc'o#t< means any temporary ref#sal of an employer to f#rnish &or' as a res#lt of an ind#strial or laor
disp#te.

(.<Internal #nion disp#te< incl#des all disp#tes or !rievances arisin! from any violation of or disa!reement
over any provision of the constit#tion and y la&s of a #nion" incl#din! any violation of the ri!hts and
conditions of #nion memership provided for in this .ode.

r.<Stri'e*rea'er< means any person &ho ostr#cts" impedes" or interferes &ith y force" violence" coercion"
threats" or intimidation any peacef#l pic'etin! a+ectin! &a!es" ho#rs or conditions of &or' or in the e)ercise
of the ri!ht of self*or!anization or collective ar!ainin!.

s.<Stri'e area< means the estalishment" &areho#ses" depots" plants or o,ces" incl#din! the sites or
premises #sed as r#na&ay shops" of the employer str#c' a!ainst" as &ell as the immediate vicinity act#ally
#sed y pic'etin! stri'ers in movin! to and fro efore all points of entrance to and e)it from said
estalishment. /As amended y Section A" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Title II
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS .O55ISSION
.hapter I
.REATION AN: .O5>OSITION
Art. 21$. National La%or &elation# Co''i##ion. There shall e a National Laor Relations .ommission
&hich shall e attached to the :epartment of Laor and Employment for pro!ram and policy coordination
only" composed of a .hairman and fo#rteen /3A9 5emers.
;ive /49 memers each shall e chosen from amon! the nominees of the &or'ers and employers
or!anizations" respectively. The .hairman and the fo#r /A9 remainin! memers shall come from the p#lic
sector" &ith the latter to e chosen from amon! the recommendees of the Secretary of Laor and
Employment.
@pon ass#mption into o,ce" the memers nominated y the &or'ers and employers or!anizations shall
divest themselves of any a,liation &ith or interest in the federation or association to &hich they elon!.
The .ommission may sit en anc or in -ve /49 divisions" each composed of three /09 memers. S#%ect to the
pen#ltimate sentence of this para!raph" the .ommission shall sit en anc only for p#rposes of prom#l!atin!
r#les and re!#lations !overnin! the hearin! and disposition of cases efore any of its divisions and re!ional
ranches" and form#latin! policies a+ectin! its administration and operations. The .ommission shall e)ercise
its ad%#dicatory and all other po&ers" f#nctions" and d#ties thro#!h its divisions. Of the -ve /49 divisions" the
-rst" second and third divisions shall handle cases comin! from the National .apital Re!ion and the parts of
L#zon$ and the fo#rth and -fth divisions" cases from the ?isayas and 5indanao" respectively$ >rovided that
the .ommission sittin! en anc may" on temporary or emer!ency asis" allo& cases &ithin the %#risdiction of
any division to e heard and decided y any other division &hose doc'et allo&s the additional &or'load and
s#ch transfer &ill not e)pose liti!ants to #nnecessary additional e)pense. The divisions of the .ommission
shall have e)cl#sive appellate %#risdiction over cases &ithin their respective territorial %#risdictions. BAs
amended y Rep#lic Act No. 22CCD.
The conc#rrence of t&o /69 .ommissioners of a division shall e necessary for the prono#ncement of
%#d!ment or resol#tion. Ehenever the re(#ired memership in a division is not complete and the conc#rrence
of t&o /69 commissioners to arrive at a %#d!ment or resol#tion cannot e otained" the .hairman shall
desi!nate s#ch n#mer of additional .ommissioners from the other divisions as may e necessary.
The concl#sions of a division on any case s#mitted to it for decision shall e reached in cons#ltation efore
the case is assi!ned to a memer for the &ritin! of the opinion. It shall e mandatory for the division to meet
for p#rposes of the cons#ltation ordained herein. A certi-cation to this e+ect si!ned y the >residin!
.ommissioner of the division shall e iss#ed and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case and served
#pon the parties.
The .hairman shall e the >residin! .ommissioner of the -rst division and the fo#r /A9 other memers from
the p#lic sector shall e the >residin! .ommissioners of the second" third" fo#rth and -fth divisions"
respectively. In case of the e+ective asence or incapacity of the .hairman" the >residin! .ommissioner of
the second division shall e the Actin! .hairman.
The .hairman" aided y the E)ec#tive .ler' of the .ommission" shall have administrative s#pervision over
the .ommission and its re!ional ranches and all its personnel" incl#din! the E)ec#tive Laor Ariters and
Laor Ariters.
The .ommission" &hen sittin! en anc shall e assisted y the same E)ec#tive .ler' and" &hen actin! thr#
its :ivisions" y said E)ec#tive .ler's for the second" third" fo#rth and -fth :ivisions" respectively" in the
performance of s#ch similar or e(#ivalent f#nctions and d#ties as are dischar!ed y the .ler' of .o#rt and
:ep#ty .ler's of .o#rt of the .o#rt of Appeals. /As amended y Section 4" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63"
37879
Art. 21(. )ea*+,arter#- Branche# an* Pro.incial E/ten#ion 0nit#. The .ommission and its ;irst"
Second and Third divisions shall have their main o,ces in 5etropolitan 5anila" and the ;o#rth and ;ifth
divisions in the .ities of .e# and .a!ayan de Oro" respectively. The .ommission shall estalish as many
re!ional ranches as there are re!ional o,ces of the :epartment of Laor and Employment" s#*re!ional
ranches or provincial e)tension #nits. There shall e as many Laor Ariters as may e necessary for the
e+ective and e,cient operation of the .ommission. Each re!ional ranch shall e headed y an E)ec#tive
Laor Ariter. /As amended y Section 1" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 211. Appoint'ent an* 2,ali"cation#. The .hairman and other .ommissioners shall e memers of
the >hilippine Bar and m#st have en!a!ed in the practice of la& in the >hilippines for at least -fteen /349
years" &ith at least -ve /49 years e)perience or e)pos#re in the -eld of laor*mana!ement relations" and shall
preferaly e residents of the re!ion &here they are to hold o,ce. The E)ec#tive Laor Ariters and Laor
Ariters shall li'e&ise e memers of the >hilippine Bar and m#st have een en!a!ed in the practice of la& in
the >hilippines for at least seven /29 years" &ith at least three /09 years e)perience or e)pos#re in the -eld of
laor*mana!ement relations: >rovided" Fo&ever" that inc#ment E)ec#tive Laor Ariters and Laor Ariters
&ho have een en!a!ed in the practice of la& for at least -ve /49 years may e considered as already
(#ali-ed for p#rposes of reappointment as s#ch #nder this Act. The .hairman and the other .ommissioners"
the E)ec#tive Laor Ariters and Laor Ariters shall hold o,ce d#rin! !ood ehavior #ntil they reach the
a!e of si)ty*-ve years" #nless sooner removed for ca#se as provided y la& or ecome incapacitated to
dischar!e the d#ties of their o,ce.
The .hairman" the division >residin! .ommissioners and other .ommissioners shall e appointed y the
>resident" s#%ect to con-rmation y the .ommission on Appointments. Appointment to any vacancy shall
come from the nominees of the sector &hich nominated the predecessor. The E)ec#tive Laor Ariters and
Laor Ariters shall also e appointed y the >resident" #pon recommendation of the Secretary of Laor and
Employment and shall e s#%ect to the .ivil Service La&" r#les and re!#lations.
The Secretary of Laor and Employment shall" in cons#ltation &ith the .hairman of the .ommission" appoint
the sta+ and employees of the .ommission and its re!ional ranches as the needs of the service may re(#ire"
s#%ect to the .ivil Service La&" r#les and re!#lations" and #p!rade their c#rrent salaries" ene-ts and other
emol#ments in accordance &ith la&. /As amended y Section 2" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 213. Salarie#- %ene"t# an* other e'ol,'ent#. The .hairman and memers of the .ommission
shall receive an ann#al salary at least e(#ivalent to" and e entitled to the same allo&ances and ene-ts as
those of the >residin! G#stice and Associate G#stices of the .o#rt of Appeals" respectively. The E)ec#tive Laor
Ariters shall receive an ann#al salary at least e(#ivalent to that of an Assistant Re!ional :irector of the
:epartment of Laor and Employment and shall e entitled to the same allo&ances and ene-ts as that of a
Re!ional :irector of said :epartment. The Laor Ariters shall receive an ann#al salary at least e(#ivalent to"
and e entitled to the same allo&ances and ene-ts as that of an Assistant Re!ional :irector of the
:epartment of Laor and Employment. In no case" ho&ever" shall the provision of this Article res#lt in the
dimin#tion of e)istin! salaries" allo&ances and ene-ts of the aforementioned o,cials. /As amended y
Section 8" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
.hapter II
>OEERS AN: :@TIES
Art. 214. 5,ri#*iction o the La%or Ar%iter# an* the Co''i##ion.
a.E)cept as other&ise provided #nder this .ode" the Laor Ariters shall have ori!inal and e)cl#sive
%#risdiction to hear and decide" &ithin thirty /0C9 calendar days after the s#mission of the case y the parties
for decision &itho#t e)tension" even in the asence of steno!raphic notes" the follo&in! cases involvin! all
&or'ers" &hether a!ric#lt#ral or non*a!ric#lt#ral:

3.@nfair laor practice cases$

6.Termination disp#tes$

0.If accompanied &ith a claim for reinstatement" those cases that &or'ers may -le involvin! &a!es" rates of
pay" ho#rs of &or' and other terms and conditions of employment$

A..laims for act#al" moral" e)emplary and other forms of dama!es arisin! from the employer*employee
relations$

4..ases arisin! from any violation of Article 61A of this .ode" incl#din! (#estions involvin! the le!ality of
stri'es and loc'o#ts$ and

1.E)cept claims for Employees .ompensation" Social Sec#rity" 5edicare and maternity ene-ts" all other
claims arisin! from employer*employee relations" incl#din! those of persons in domestic or ho#sehold
service" involvin! an amo#nt e)ceedin! -ve tho#sand pesos />4"CCC.CC9 re!ardless of &hether accompanied
&ith a claim for reinstatement.

.The .ommission shall have e)cl#sive appellate %#risdiction over all cases decided y Laor Ariters.

c..ases arisin! from the interpretation or implementation of collective ar!ainin! a!reements and those
arisin! from the interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies shall e disposed of y the
Laor Ariter y referrin! the same to the !rievance machinery and vol#ntary aritration as may e provided
in said a!reements. /As amended y Section 7" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 216. Po7er# o the Co''i##ion. The .ommission shall have the po&er and a#thority:
a.To prom#l!ate r#les and re!#lations !overnin! the hearin! and disposition of cases efore it and its re!ional
ranches" as &ell as those pertainin! to its internal f#nctions and s#ch r#les and re!#lations as may e
necessary to carry o#t the p#rposes of this .ode$ /As amended y Section 3C" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch
63" 37879

.To administer oaths" s#mmon the parties to a controversy" iss#e s#poenas re(#irin! the attendance and
testimony of &itnesses or the prod#ction of s#ch oo's" papers" contracts" records" statement of acco#nts"
a!reements" and others as may e material to a %#st determination of the matter #nder investi!ation" and to
testify in any investi!ation or hearin! cond#cted in p#rs#ance of this .ode$

c.To cond#ct investi!ation for the determination of a (#estion" matter or controversy &ithin its %#risdiction"
proceed to hear and determine the disp#tes in the asence of any party thereto &ho has een s#mmoned or
served &ith notice to appear" cond#ct its proceedin!s or any part thereof in p#lic or in private" ad%o#rn its
hearin!s to any time and place" refer technical matters or acco#nts to an e)pert and to accept his report as
evidence after hearin! of the parties #pon d#e notice" direct parties to e %oined in or e)cl#ded from the
proceedin!s" correct" amend" or &aive any error" defect or irre!#larity &hether in s#stance or in form" !ive
all s#ch directions as it may deem necessary or e)pedient in the determination of the disp#te efore it" and
dismiss any matter or refrain from f#rther hearin! or from determinin! the disp#te or part thereof" &here it is
trivial or &here f#rther proceedin!s y the .ommission are not necessary or desirale$ and

d.To hold any person in contempt directly or indirectly and impose appropriate penalties therefor in
accordance &ith la&.

A person !#ilty of misehavior in the presence of or so near the .hairman or any memer of the .ommission
or any Laor Ariter as to ostr#ct or interr#pt the proceedin!s efore the same" incl#din! disrespect to&ard
said o,cials" o+ensive personalities to&ard others" or ref#sal to e s&orn" or to ans&er as a &itness or to
s#scrie an a,davit or deposition &hen la&f#lly re(#ired to do so" may e s#mmarily ad%#d!ed in direct
contempt y said o,cials and p#nished y -ne not e)ceedin! -ve h#ndred pesos />4CC9 or imprisonment not
e)ceedin! -ve /49 days" or oth" if it e the .ommission" or a memer thereof" or y a -ne not e)ceedin! one
h#ndred pesos />3CC9 or imprisonment not e)ceedin! one /39 day" or oth" if it e a Laor Ariter.

The person ad%#d!ed in direct contempt y a Laor Ariter may appeal to the .ommission and the e)ec#tion
of the %#d!ment shall e s#spended pendin! the resol#tion of the appeal #pon the -lin! y s#ch person of a
ond on condition that he &ill aide y and perform the %#d!ment of the .ommission sho#ld the appeal e
decided a!ainst him. G#d!ment of the .ommission on direct contempt is immediately e)ec#tory and
#nappealale. Indirect contempt shall e dealt &ith y the .ommission or Laor Ariter in the manner
prescried #nder R#le 23 of the Revised R#les of .o#rt$ and /As amended y Section 3C" Rep#lic Act No.
1234" 5arch 63" 37879

e.To en%oin or restrain any act#al or threatened commission of any or all prohiited or #nla&f#l acts or to
re(#ire the performance of a partic#lar act in any laor disp#te &hich" if not restrained or performed
forth&ith" may ca#se !rave or irreparale dama!e to any party or render ine+ect#al any decision in favor of
s#ch party: >rovided" That no temporary or permanent in%#nction in any case involvin! or !ro&in! o#t of a
laor disp#te as de-ned in this .ode shall e iss#ed e)cept after hearin! the testimony of &itnesses" &ith
opport#nity for cross*e)amination" in s#pport of the alle!ations of a complaint made #nder oath" and
testimony in opposition thereto" if o+ered" and only after a -ndin! of fact y the .ommission" to the e+ect:

3.That prohiited or #nla&f#l acts have een threatened and &ill e committed and &ill e contin#ed #nless
restrained" #t no in%#nction or temporary restrainin! order shall e iss#ed on acco#nt of any threat"
prohiited or #nla&f#l act" e)cept a!ainst the person or persons" association or or!anization ma'in! the
threat or committin! the prohiited or #nla&f#l act or act#ally a#thorizin! or ratifyin! the same after act#al
'no&led!e thereof$

6.That s#stantial and irreparale in%#ry to complainantHs property &ill follo&$

0.That as to each item of relief to e !ranted" !reater in%#ry &ill e inIicted #pon complainant y the denial of
relief than &ill e inIicted #pon defendants y the !rantin! of relief$

A.That complainant has no ade(#ate remedy at la&$ and

4.That the p#lic o,cers char!ed &ith the d#ty to protect complainantHs property are #nale or #n&illin! to
f#rnish ade(#ate protection.

S#ch hearin! shall e held after d#e and personal notice thereof has een served" in s#ch manner as the
.ommission shall direct" to all 'no&n persons a!ainst &hom relief is so#!ht" and also to the .hief E)ec#tive
and other p#lic o,cials of the province or city &ithin &hich the #nla&f#l acts have een threatened or
committed" char!ed &ith the d#ty to protect complainantHs property: >rovided" ho&ever" that if a complainant
shall also alle!e that" #nless a temporary restrainin! order shall e iss#ed &itho#t notice" a s#stantial and
irreparale in%#ry to complainantHs property &ill e #navoidale" s#ch a temporary restrainin! order may e
iss#ed #pon testimony #nder oath" s#,cient" if s#stained" to %#stify the .ommission in iss#in! a temporary
in%#nction #pon hearin! after notice. S#ch a temporary restrainin! order shall e e+ective for no lon!er than
t&enty /6C9 days and shall ecome void at the e)piration of said t&enty /6C9 days. No s#ch temporary
restrainin! order or temporary in%#nction shall e iss#ed e)cept on condition that complainant shall -rst -le
an #nderta'in! &ith ade(#ate sec#rity in an amo#nt to e -)ed y the .ommission s#,cient to recompense
those en%oined for any loss" e)pense or dama!e ca#sed y the improvident or erroneo#s iss#ance of s#ch
order or in%#nction" incl#din! all reasonale costs" to!ether &ith a reasonale attorneyHs fee" and e)pense of
defense a!ainst the order or a!ainst the !rantin! of any in%#nctive relief so#!ht in the same proceedin! and
s#se(#ently denied y the .ommission.

The #nderta'in! herein mentioned shall e #nderstood to constit#te an a!reement entered into y the
complainant and the s#rety #pon &hich an order may e rendered in the same s#it or proceedin! a!ainst said
complainant and s#rety" #pon a hearin! to assess dama!es" of &hich hearin!" complainant and s#rety shall
have reasonale notice" the said complainant and s#rety s#mittin! themselves to the %#risdiction of the
.ommission for that p#rpose. B#t nothin! herein contained shall deprive any party havin! a claim or ca#se of
action #nder or #pon s#ch #nderta'in! from electin! to p#rs#e his ordinary remedy y s#it at la& or in e(#ity:
>rovided" f#rther" That the reception of evidence for the application of a &rit of in%#nction may e dele!ated
y the .ommission to any of its Laor Ariters &ho shall cond#ct s#ch hearin!s in s#ch places as he may
determine to e accessile to the parties and their &itnesses and shall s#mit thereafter his recommendation
to the .ommission. /As amended y Section 3C" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 218. Oc,lar in#pection. The .hairman" any .ommissioner" Laor Ariter or their d#ly a#thorized
representatives" may" at any time d#rin! &or'in! ho#rs" cond#ct an oc#lar inspection on any estalishment"
#ildin!" ship or vessel" place or premises" incl#din! any &or'" material" implement" machinery" appliance or
any o%ect therein" and as' any employee" laorer" or any person" as the case may e" for any information or
data concernin! any matter or (#estion relative to the o%ect of the investi!ation.
B Art. 229. Co'p,l#or! ar%itration. The .ommission or any Laor Ariter shall have the po&er to as' the
assistance of other !overnment o,cials and (#ali-ed private citizens to act as comp#lsory aritrators on
cases referred to them and to -) and assess the fees of s#ch comp#lsory aritrators" ta'in! into acco#nt the
nat#re of the case" the time cons#med in hearin! the case" the professional standin! of the aritrators" the
-nancial capacity of the parties" and the fees provided in the R#les of .o#rt.D/Repealed y Section 31" Batas
>amansa Bilan! 30C" A#!#st 63" 37839
Art. 221. Technical r,le# not %in*in: an* prior re#ort to a'ica%le #ettle'ent. In any proceedin!
efore the .ommission or any of the Laor Ariters" the r#les of evidence prevailin! in co#rts of la& or e(#ity
shall not e controllin! and it is the spirit and intention of this .ode that the .ommission and its memers
and the Laor Ariters shall #se every and all reasonale means to ascertain the facts in each case speedily
and o%ectively and &itho#t re!ard to technicalities of la& or proced#re" all in the interest of d#e process. In
any proceedin! efore the .ommission or any Laor Ariter" the parties may e represented y le!al co#nsel
#t it shall e the d#ty of the .hairman" any >residin! .ommissioner or .ommissioner or any Laor Ariter to
e)ercise complete control of the proceedin!s at all sta!es.
Any provision of la& to the contrary not&ithstandin!" the Laor Ariter shall e)ert all e+orts to&ards the
amicale settlement of a laor disp#te &ithin his %#risdiction on or efore the -rst hearin!. The same r#le
shall apply to the .ommission in the e)ercise of its ori!inal %#risdiction. /As amended y Section 33" Rep#lic
Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 222. Appearance# an* Fee#.
a.Non*la&yers may appear efore the .ommission or any Laor Ariter only:

3.If they represent themselves$ or

6.If they represent their or!anization or memers thereof.

.No attorneyHs fees" ne!otiation fees or similar char!es of any 'ind arisin! from any collective ar!ainin!
a!reement shall e imposed on any individ#al memer of the contractin! #nion: >rovided" Fo&ever" that
attorneyHs fees may e char!ed a!ainst #nion f#nds in an amo#nt to e a!reed #pon y the parties. Any
contract" a!reement or arran!ement of any sort to the contrary shall e n#ll and void. /As amended y
>residential :ecree No. 3173" 5ay 3" 378C9
.hapter III
A>>EAL
Art. 22$. Appeal. :ecisions" a&ards" or orders of the Laor Ariter are -nal and e)ec#tory #nless appealed
to the .ommission y any or oth parties &ithin ten /3C9 calendar days from receipt of s#ch decisions"
a&ards" or orders. S#ch appeal may e entertained only on any of the follo&in! !ro#nds:
a.If there is prima facie evidence of a#se of discretion on the part of the Laor Ariter$

.If the decision" order or a&ard &as sec#red thro#!h fra#d or coercion" incl#din! !raft and corr#ption$

c.If made p#rely on (#estions of la&$ and

d.If serio#s errors in the -ndin!s of facts are raised &hich &o#ld ca#se !rave or irreparale dama!e or in%#ry
to the appellant.
In case of a %#d!ment involvin! a monetary a&ard" an appeal y the employer may e perfected only #pon
the postin! of a cash or s#rety ond iss#ed y a rep#tale ondin! company d#ly accredited y the
.ommission in the amo#nt e(#ivalent to the monetary a&ard in the %#d!ment appealed from.
In any event" the decision of the Laor Ariter reinstatin! a dismissed or separated employee" insofar as the
reinstatement aspect is concerned" shall immediately e e)ec#tory" even pendin! appeal. The employee shall
either e admitted ac' to &or' #nder the same terms and conditions prevailin! prior to his dismissal or
separation or" at the option of the employer" merely reinstated in the payroll. The postin! of a ond y the
employer shall not stay the e)ec#tion for reinstatement provided herein.
To disco#ra!e frivolo#s or dilatory appeals" the .ommission or the Laor Ariter shall impose reasonale
penalty" incl#din! -nes or cens#res" #pon the errin! parties.
In all cases" the appellant shall f#rnish a copy of the memorand#m of appeal to the other party &ho shall -le
an ans&er not later than ten /3C9 calendar days from receipt thereof.
The .ommission shall decide all cases &ithin t&enty /6C9 calendar days from receipt of the ans&er of the
appellee. The decision of the .ommission shall e -nal and e)ec#tory after ten /3C9 calendar days from
receipt thereof y the parties.
Any la& enforcement a!ency may e dep#tized y the Secretary of Laor and Employment or the
.ommission in the enforcement of decisions" a&ards or orders. /As amended y Section 36" Rep#lic Act No.
1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 22(. E/ec,tion o *eci#ion#- or*er# or a7ar*#.
a.The Secretary of Laor and Employment or any Re!ional :irector" the .ommission or any Laor Ariter" or
5ed*Ariter or ?ol#ntary Aritrator may" mot# proprio or on motion of any interested party" iss#e a &rit of
e)ec#tion on a %#d!ment &ithin -ve /49 years from the date it ecomes -nal and e)ec#tory" re(#irin! a sheri+
or a d#ly dep#tized o,cer to e)ec#te or enforce -nal decisions" orders or a&ards of the Secretary of Laor
and Employment or re!ional director" the .ommission" the Laor Ariter or med*ariter" or vol#ntary
aritrators. In any case" it shall e the d#ty of the responsile o,cer to separately f#rnish immediately the
co#nsels of record and the parties &ith copies of said decisions" orders or a&ards. ;ail#re to comply &ith the
d#ty prescried herein shall s#%ect s#ch responsile o,cer to appropriate administrative sanctions.

.The Secretary of Laor and Employment" and the .hairman of the .ommission may desi!nate special
sheri+s and ta'e any meas#re #nder e)istin! la&s to ens#re compliance &ith their decisions" orders or
a&ards and those of the Laor Ariters and vol#ntary aritrators" incl#din! the imposition of administrative
-nes &hich shall not e less than >4CC.CC nor more than >3C"CCC.CC. /As amended y Section 30" Rep#lic
Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 221. Conte'pt po7er# o the Secretar! o La%or. In the e)ercise of his po&ers #nder this .ode" the
Secretary of Laor may hold any person in direct or indirect contempt and impose the appropriate penalties
therefor.
Title III
B@REA@ O; LABOR RELATIONS
Art. 223. B,rea, o La%or &elation#. The B#rea# of Laor Relations and the Laor Relations :ivisions in
the re!ional o,ces of the :epartment of Laor" shall have ori!inal and e)cl#sive a#thority to act" at their o&n
initiative or #pon re(#est of either or oth parties" on all inter*#nion and intra*#nion conIicts" and all disp#tes"
!rievances or prolems arisin! from or a+ectin! laor*mana!ement relations in all &or'places" &hether
a!ric#lt#ral or non*a!ric#lt#ral" e)cept those arisin! from the implementation or interpretation of collective
ar!ainin! a!reements &hich shall e the s#%ect of !rievance proced#re and=or vol#ntary aritration.
The B#rea# shall have -fteen /349 &or'in! days to act on laor cases efore it" s#%ect to e)tension y
a!reement of the parties. /As amended y Section 3A" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879.
Art. 224. Co'pro'i#e a:ree'ent#. Any compromise settlement" incl#din! those involvin! laor standard
la&s" vol#ntarily a!reed #pon y the parties &ith the assistance of the B#rea# or the re!ional o,ce of the
:epartment of Laor" shall e -nal and indin! #pon the parties. The National Laor Relations .ommission or
any co#rt" shall not ass#me %#risdiction over iss#es involved therein e)cept in case of non*compliance thereof
or if there is prima facie evidence that the settlement &as otained thro#!h fra#d" misrepresentation" or
coercion.
B Art. 226. In*or#e'ent o ca#e# to La%or Ar%iter#.
a.E)cept as provided in para!raph /9 of this Article" the Laor Ariter shall entertain only cases endorsed to
him for comp#lsory aritration y the B#rea# or y the Re!ional :irector &ith a &ritten notice of s#ch
indorsement or non*indorsement. The indorsement or non*indorsement of the Re!ional :irector may e
appealed to the B#rea# &ithin ten /3C9 &or'in! days from receipt of the notice.

.The parties may" at any time" y m#t#al a!reement" &ithdra& a case from the .onciliation Section and
%ointly s#mit it to a Laor Ariter" e)cept deadloc's in collective ar!ainin!.D /Repealed y Section 31" Batas
Art. 228. I##,ance o #,%poena#. The B#rea# shall have the po&er to re(#ire the appearance of any
person or the prod#ction of any paper" doc#ment or matter relevant to a laor disp#te #nder its %#risdiction"
either at the re(#est of any interested party or at its o&n initiative.
Art. 2$9. Appoint'ent o %,rea, per#onnel. The Secretary of Laor and Employment may appoint" in
addition to the present personnel of the B#rea# and the Ind#strial Relations :ivisions" s#ch n#mer of
e)aminers and other assistants as may e necessary to carry o#t the p#rpose of the .ode. /As amended y
Art. 2$1. &e:i#tr! o ,nion# an* "le o collecti.e %ar:ainin: a:ree'ent#. The B#rea# shall 'eep a
re!istry of le!itimate laor or!anizations. The B#rea# shall also maintain a -le of all collective ar!ainin!
a!reements and other related a!reements and records of settlement of laor disp#tes and copies of orders
and decisions of vol#ntary aritrators. The -le shall e open and accessile to interested parties #nder
conditions prescried y the Secretary of Laor and Employment" provided that no speci-c information
s#mitted in con-dence shall e disclosed #nless a#thorized y the Secretary" or &hen it is at iss#e in any
%#dicial liti!ation" or &hen p#lic interest or national sec#rity so re(#ires.
Eithin thirty /0C9 days from the e)ec#tion of a .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement" the parties shall s#mit
copies of the same directly to the B#rea# or the Re!ional O,ces of the :epartment of Laor and Employment
for re!istration" accompanied &ith veri-ed proofs of its postin! in t&o conspic#o#s places in the place of &or'
and rati-cation y the ma%ority of all the &or'ers in the ar!ainin! #nit. The B#rea# or Re!ional O,ces shall
act #pon the application for re!istration of s#ch .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement &ithin -ve /49 calendar days
from receipt thereof. The Re!ional O,ces shall f#rnish the B#rea# &ith a copy of the .ollective Bar!ainin!
A!reement &ithin -ve /49 days from its s#mission.
The B#rea# or Re!ional O,ce shall assess the employer for every .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement a
re!istration fee of not less than one tho#sand pesos />3"CCC.CC9 or in any other amo#nt as may e deemed
appropriate and necessary y the Secretary of Laor and Employment for the e+ective and e,cient
administration of the ?ol#ntary Aritration >ro!ram. Any amo#nt collected #nder this provision shall accr#e to
the Special ?ol#ntary Aritration ;#nd.
The B#rea# shall also maintain a -le and shall #nderta'e or assist in the p#lication of all -nal decisions"
orders and a&ards of the Secretary of Laor and Employment" Re!ional :irectors and the .ommission. /As
amended y Section 34" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 2$2. Prohi%ition on certi"cation election. The B#rea# shall not entertain any petition for
certi-cation election or any other action &hich may dist#r the administration of d#ly re!istered e)istin!
collective ar!ainin! a!reements a+ectin! the parties e)cept #nder Articles 640" 640*A and 641 of this
.ode. /As amended y Section 34" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 2$$. Pri.ile:e* co'',nication. Information and statements made at conciliation proceedin!s shall
e treated as privile!ed comm#nication and shall not e #sed as evidence in the .ommission. .onciliators
and similar o,cials shall not testify in any co#rt or ody re!ardin! any matters ta'en #p at conciliation
proceedin!s cond#cted y them.
Title I?
LABOR ORJANIKATIONS
.hapter I
REJISTRATION AN: .AN.ELLATION
Art. 2$(. &e+,ire'ent# o re:i#tration. Any applicant laor or!anization" association or !ro#p of #nions
or &or'ers shall ac(#ire le!al personality and shall e entitled to the ri!hts and privile!es !ranted y la& to
le!itimate laor or!anizations #pon iss#ance of the certi-cate of re!istration ased on the follo&in!
re(#irements.
a.;ifty pesos />4C.CC9 re!istration fee$

.The names of its o,cers" their addresses" the principal address of the laor or!anization" the min#tes of the
or!anizational meetin!s and the list of the &or'ers &ho participated in s#ch meetin!s$

c.The names of all its memers comprisin! at least t&enty percent /6CL9 of all the employees in the
ar!ainin! #nit &here it see's to operate$ /As amended y E)ec#tive Order No. 333" :ecemer 6A" 37819

d.If the applicant #nion has een in e)istence for one or more years" copies of its ann#al -nancial reports$ and

e.;o#r /A9 copies of the constit#tion and y*la&s of the applicant #nion" min#tes of its adoption or rati-cation"
and the list of the memers &ho participated in it. /As amended y Batas >amansa Bilan! 30C" A#!#st 63"
37839
Art. 2$1. Action on application. The B#rea# shall act on all applications for re!istration &ithin thirty /0C9
days from -lin!.
All re(#isite doc#ments and papers shall e certi-ed #nder oath y the secretary or the treas#rer of the
or!anization" as the case may e" and attested to y its president.
Art. 2$3. Denial o re:i#tration; appeal. The decision of the Laor Relations :ivision in the re!ional o,ce
denyin! re!istration may e appealed y the applicant #nion to the B#rea# &ithin ten /3C9 days from receipt
of notice thereof.
Art. 2$4. A**itional re+,ire'ent# or e*eration# or national ,nion#. S#%ect to Article 608" if the
applicant for re!istration is a federation or a national #nion" it shall" in addition to the re(#irements of the
precedin! Articles" s#mit the follo&in!:
a.>roof of the a,liation of at least ten /3C9 locals or chapters" each of &hich m#st e a d#ly reco!nized
collective ar!ainin! a!ent in the estalishment or ind#stry in &hich it operates" s#pportin! the re!istration
of s#ch applicant federation or national #nion$ and

.The names and addresses of the companies &here the locals or chapters operate and the list of all the
memers in each company involved.
B Art. 2$6. Con*ition# or re:i#tration o e*eration# or national ,nion#. No federation or national
#nion shall e re!istered to en!a!e in any or!anization activity in more than one ind#stry in any area or
re!ion" and no federation or national #nion shall e re!istered to en!a!e in any or!anizational activity in
more than one ind#stry all over the co#ntry.
The federation or national #nion &hich meets the re(#irements and conditions herein prescried may
or!anize and a,liate locals and chapters &itho#t re!isterin! s#ch locals or chapters &ith the B#rea#.
Locals or chapters shall have the same ri!hts and privile!es as if they &ere re!istered in the B#rea#" provided
that s#ch federation or national #nion or!anizes s#ch locals or chapters &ithin its assi!ned or!anizational
-eld of activity as may e prescried y the Secretary of Laor.
The B#rea# shall see to it that federations and national #nions shall only or!anize locals and chapters &ithin a
speci-c ind#stry or #nion.D /Repealed y E)ec#tive Order No. 333" :ecemer 6A" 37819
Art. 2$6. Cancellation o re:i#tration; appeal. The certi-cate of re!istration of any le!itimate laor
or!anization" &hether national or local" shall e cancelled y the B#rea# if it has reason to elieve" after d#e
hearin!" that the said laor or!anization no lon!er meets one or more of the re(#irements herein prescried.
BThe B#rea# #pon approval of this .ode shall immediately instit#te cancellation proceedin!s and ta'e s#ch
other steps as may e necessary to restr#ct#re all e)istin! re!istered laor or!anizations in accordance &ith
the o%ective envisioned aove.D /Repealed y E)ec#tive Order No. 333" :ecemer 6A" 37819
Art. 2$8. <ro,n*# or cancellation o ,nion re:i#tration. The follo&in! shall constit#te !ro#nds for
cancellation of #nion re!istration:
a.5isrepresentation" false statement or fra#d in connection &ith the adoption or rati-cation of the
constit#tion and y*la&s or amendments thereto" the min#tes of rati-cation and the list of memers &ho too'
part in the rati-cation$

.;ail#re to s#mit the doc#ments mentioned in the precedin! para!raph &ithin thirty /0C9 days from
adoption or rati-cation of the constit#tion and y*la&s or amendments thereto$

c.5isrepresentation" false statements or fra#d in connection &ith the election of o,cers" min#tes of the
election of o,cers" the list of voters" or fail#re to s#mit these doc#ments to!ether &ith the list of the ne&ly
elected=appointed o,cers and their postal addresses &ithin thirty /0C9 days from election$

d.;ail#re to s#mit the ann#al -nancial report to the B#rea# &ithin thirty /0C9 days after the closin! of every
-scal year and misrepresentation" false entries or fra#d in the preparation of the -nancial report itself$

e.Actin! as a laor contractor or en!a!in! in the <cao< system" or other&ise en!a!in! in any activity
prohiited y la&$

f.Enterin! into collective ar!ainin! a!reements &hich provide terms and conditions of employment elo&
minim#m standards estalished y la&$

!.As'in! for or acceptin! attorneyHs fees or ne!otiation fees from employers$

h.Other than for mandatory activities #nder this .ode" chec'in! o+ special assessments or any other fees
&itho#t d#ly si!ned individ#al &ritten a#thorizations of the memers$

i.;ail#re to s#mit list of individ#al memers to the B#rea# once a year or &henever re(#ired y the B#rea#$
and

%.;ail#re to comply &ith re(#irements #nder Articles 602 and 608.
Art. 2(9. E+,it! o the inc,'%ent. All e)istin! federations and national #nions &hich meet the
(#ali-cations of a le!itimate laor or!anization and none of the !ro#nds for cancellation shall contin#e to
maintain their e)istin! a,liates re!ardless of the nat#re of the ind#stry and the location of the a,liates.
.hapter II
RIJFTS AN: .ON:ITIONS O; 5E5BERSFI>
Art. 2(1. &i:ht# an* con*ition# o 'e'%er#hip in a la%or or:ani=ation. The follo&in! are the ri!hts
and conditions of memership in a laor or!anization:
a.No aritrary or e)cessive initiation fees shall e re(#ired of the memers of a le!itimate laor or!anization
nor shall aritrary" e)cessive or oppressive -ne and forfeit#re e imposed$

.The memers shall e entitled to f#ll and detailed reports from their o,cers and representatives of all
-nancial transactions as provided for in the constit#tion and y*la&s of the or!anization$

c.The memers shall directly elect their o,cers" incl#din! those of the national #nion or federation" to &hich
they or their #nion is a,liated" y secret allot at intervals of -ve /49 years. No (#ali-cation re(#irements for
candidacy to any position shall e imposed other than memership in !ood standin! in s#%ect laor
or!anization. The secretary or any other responsile #nion o,cer shall f#rnish the Secretary of Laor and
Employment &ith a list of the ne&ly*elected o,cers" to!ether &ith the appointive o,cers or a!ents &ho are
entr#sted &ith the handlin! of f#nds" &ithin thirty /0C9 calendar days after the election of o,cers or from the
occ#rrence of any chan!e in the list of o,cers of the laor or!anization$ /As amended y Section 31" Rep#lic
Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879

d.The memers shall determine y secret allot" after d#e delieration" any (#estion of ma%or policy a+ectin!
the entire memership of the or!anization" #nless the nat#re of the or!anization or force ma%e#re renders
s#ch secret allot impractical" in &hich case" the oard of directors of the or!anization may ma'e the decision
in ehalf of the !eneral memership$

e.No laor or!anization shall 'no&in!ly admit as memers or contin#e in memership any individ#al &ho
elon!s to a s#versive or!anization or &ho is en!a!ed directly or indirectly in any s#versive activity$

f.No person &ho has een convicted of a crime involvin! moral t#rpit#de shall e eli!ile for election as a
#nion o,cer or for appointment to any position in the #nion$

!.No o,cer" a!ent or memer of a laor or!anization shall collect any fees" d#es" or other contri#tions in its
ehalf or ma'e any dis#rsement of its money or f#nds #nless he is d#ly a#thorized p#rs#ant to its
constit#tion and y*la&s$

h.Every payment of fees" d#es or other contri#tions y a memer shall e evidenced y a receipt si!ned y
the o,cer or a!ent ma'in! the collection and entered into the record of the or!anization to e 'ept and
maintained for the p#rpose$

i.The f#nds of the or!anization shall not e applied for any p#rpose or o%ect other than those e)pressly
provided y its constit#tion and y*la&s or those e)pressly a#thorized y &ritten resol#tion adopted y the
ma%ority of the memers at a !eneral meetin! d#ly called for the p#rpose$

%.Every income or reven#e of the or!anization shall e evidenced y a record sho&in! its so#rce" and every
e)pendit#re of its f#nds shall e evidenced y a receipt from the person to &hom the payment is made"
&hich shall state the date" place and p#rpose of s#ch payment. S#ch record or receipt shall form part of the
-nancial records of the or!anization.

Any action involvin! the f#nds of the or!anization shall prescrie after three /09 years from the date of
s#mission of the ann#al -nancial report to the :epartment of Laor and Employment or from the date the
same sho#ld have een s#mitted as re(#ired y la&" &hichever comes earlier: >rovided" That this provision
shall apply only to a le!itimate laor or!anization &hich has s#mitted the -nancial report re(#irements
#nder this .ode: >rovided" f#rther" that fail#re of any laor or!anization to comply &ith the periodic -nancial
reports re(#ired y la& and s#ch r#les and re!#lations prom#l!ated there#nder si) /19 months after the
e+ectivity of this Act shall a#tomatically res#lt in the cancellation of #nion re!istration of s#ch laor
or!anization$ /As amended y Section 31" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879

'.The o,cers of any laor or!anization shall not e paid any compensation other than the salaries and
e)penses d#e to their positions as speci-cally provided for in its constit#tion and y*la&s" or in a &ritten
resol#tion d#ly a#thorized y a ma%ority of all the memers at a !eneral memership meetin! d#ly called for
the p#rpose. The min#tes of the meetin! and the list of participants and allots cast shall e s#%ect to
inspection y the Secretary of Laor or his d#ly a#thorized representatives. Any irre!#larities in the approval
of the resol#tions shall e a !ro#nd for impeachment or e)p#lsion from the or!anization$

l.The treas#rer of any laor or!anization and every o,cer thereof &ho is responsile for the acco#nt of s#ch
or!anization or for the collection" mana!ement" dis#rsement" c#stody or control of the f#nds" moneys and
other properties of the or!anization" shall render to the or!anization and to its memers a tr#e and correct
acco#nt of all moneys received and paid y him since he ass#med o,ce or since the last day on &hich he
rendered s#ch acco#nt" and of all onds" sec#rities and other properties of the or!anization entr#sted to his
c#stody or #nder his control. The renderin! of s#ch acco#nt shall e made:

3.At least once a year &ithin thirty /0C9 days after the close of its -scal year$

6.At s#ch other times as may e re(#ired y a resol#tion of the ma%ority of the memers of the or!anization$
and

0.@pon vacatin! his o,ce.

The acco#nt shall e d#ly a#dited and veri-ed y a,davit and a copy thereof shall e f#rnished the Secretary
of Laor.

m.The oo's of acco#nts and other records of the -nancial activities of any laor or!anization shall e open
to inspection y any o,cer or memer thereof d#rin! o,ce ho#rs$

n.No special assessment or other e)traordinary fees may e levied #pon the memers of a laor or!anization
#nless a#thorized y a &ritten resol#tion of a ma%ority of all the memers in a !eneral memership meetin!
d#ly called for the p#rpose. The secretary of the or!anization shall record the min#tes of the meetin!
incl#din! the list of all memers present" the votes cast" the p#rpose of the special assessment or fees and
the recipient of s#ch assessment or fees. The record shall e attested to y the president.

o.Other than for mandatory activities #nder the .ode" no special assessments" attorneyHs fees" ne!otiation
fees or any other e)traordinary fees may e chec'ed o+ from any amo#nt d#e to an employee &itho#t an
individ#al &ritten a#thorization d#ly si!ned y the employee. The a#thorization sho#ld speci-cally state the
amo#nt" p#rpose and ene-ciary of the ded#ction$ and

p.It shall e the d#ty of any laor or!anization and its o,cers to inform its memers on the provisions of its
constit#tion and y*la&s" collective ar!ainin! a!reement" the prevailin! laor relations system and all their
ri!hts and oli!ations #nder e)istin! laor la&s.
;or this p#rpose" re!istered laor or!anizations may assess reasonale d#es to -nance laor relations
seminars and other laor ed#cation activities.
Any violation of the aove ri!hts and conditions of memership shall e a !ro#nd for cancellation of #nion
re!istration or e)p#lsion of o,cers from o,ce" &hichever is appropriate. At least thirty percent /0CL9 of the
memers of a #nion or any memer or memers specially concerned may report s#ch violation to the B#rea#.
The B#rea# shall have the po&er to hear and decide any reported violation to mete the appropriate penalty.
.riminal and civil liailities arisin! from violations of aove ri!hts and conditions of memership shall
contin#e to e #nder the %#risdiction of ordinary co#rts.
.hapter III
RIJFTS O; LEJITI5ATE LABOR ORJANIKATIONS
Art. 2(2. &i:ht# o le:iti'ate la%or or:ani=ation#. A le!itimate laor or!anization shall have the ri!ht:
a.To act as the representative of its memers for the p#rpose of collective ar!ainin!$

.To e certi-ed as the e)cl#sive representative of all the employees in an appropriate ar!ainin! #nit for
p#rposes of collective ar!ainin!$

c.To e f#rnished y the employer" #pon &ritten re(#est" &ith its ann#al a#dited -nancial statements"
incl#din! the alance sheet and the pro-t and loss statement" &ithin thirty /0C9 calendar days from the date
of receipt of the re(#est" after the #nion has een d#ly reco!nized y the employer or certi-ed as the sole
and e)cl#sive ar!ainin! representative of the employees in the ar!ainin! #nit" or &ithin si)ty /1C9 calendar
days efore the e)piration of the e)istin! collective ar!ainin! a!reement" or d#rin! the collective ar!ainin!
ne!otiation$

d.To o&n property" real or personal" for the #se and ene-t of the laor or!anization and its memers$

e.To s#e and e s#ed in its re!istered name$ and

f.To #nderta'e all other activities desi!ned to ene-t the or!anization and its memers" incl#din!
cooperative" ho#sin!" &elfare and other pro%ects not contrary to la&.
Not&ithstandin! any provision of a !eneral or special la& to the contrary" the income and the properties of
le!itimate laor or!anizations" incl#din! !rants" endo&ments" !ifts" donations and contri#tions they may
receive from fraternal and similar or!anizations" local or forei!n" &hich are act#ally" directly and e)cl#sively
#sed for their la&f#l p#rposes" shall e free from ta)es" d#ties and other assessments. The e)emptions
provided herein may e &ithdra&n only y a special la& e)pressly repealin! this provision. /As amended y
Title ?
.O?ERAJE
Art. 2($. Co.era:e an* e'plo!ee#> ri:ht to #el?or:ani=ation. All persons employed in commercial"
ind#strial and a!ric#lt#ral enterprises and in reli!io#s" charitale" medical" or ed#cational instit#tions"
&hether operatin! for pro-t or not" shall have the ri!ht to self*or!anization and to form" %oin" or assist laor
or!anizations of their o&n choosin! for p#rposes of collective ar!ainin!. Am#lant" intermittent and itinerant
&or'ers" self*employed people" r#ral &or'ers and those &itho#t any de-nite employers may form laor
or!anizations for their m#t#al aid and protection. /As amended y Batas >amansa Bilan! 2C" 5ay 3" 378C9
Art. 2((. &i:ht o e'plo!ee# in the p,%lic #er.ice. Employees of !overnment corporations estalished
#nder the .orporation .ode shall have the ri!ht to or!anize and to ar!ain collectively &ith their respective
employers. All other employees in the civil service shall have the ri!ht to form associations for p#rposes not
contrary to la&. /As amended y E)ec#tive Order No. 333" :ecemer 6A" 37819
Art. 2(1. Ineli:i%ilit! o 'ana:erial e'plo!ee# to @oin an! la%or or:ani=ation; ri:ht o #,per.i#or!
e'plo!ee#. 5ana!erial employees are not eli!ile to %oin" assist or form any laor or!anization. S#pervisory
employees shall not e eli!ile for memership in a laor or!anization of the ran'*and*-le employees #t
may %oin" assist or form separate laor or!anizations of their o&n. /As amended y Section 38" Rep#lic Act
No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 2(3. Non?a%ri*:'ent o ri:ht to #el?or:ani=ation. It shall e #nla&f#l for any person to restrain"
coerce" discriminate a!ainst or #nd#ly interfere &ith employees and &or'ers in their e)ercise of the ri!ht to
self*or!anization. S#ch ri!ht shall incl#de the ri!ht to form" %oin" or assist laor or!anizations for the p#rpose
of collective ar!ainin! thro#!h representatives of their o&n choosin! and to en!a!e in la&f#l concerted
activities for the same p#rpose for their m#t#al aid and protection" s#%ect to the provisions of Article 61A of
this .ode. /As amended y Batas >amansa Bilan! 2C" 5ay 3" 378C9
Title ?I
@N;AIR LABOR >RA.TI.ES
.hapter I
.ON.E>T
Art. 2(4. Concept o ,nair la%or practice an* proce*,re or pro#ec,tion thereo. @nfair laor
practices violate the constit#tional ri!ht of &or'ers and employees to self*or!anization" are inimical to the
le!itimate interests of oth laor and mana!ement" incl#din! their ri!ht to ar!ain collectively and other&ise
deal &ith each other in an atmosphere of freedom and m#t#al respect" disr#pt ind#strial peace and hinder
the promotion of healthy and stale laor*mana!ement relations.
.onse(#ently" #nfair laor practices are not only violations of the civil ri!hts of oth laor and mana!ement
#t are also criminal o+enses a!ainst the State &hich shall e s#%ect to prosec#tion and p#nishment as
herein provided.
S#%ect to the e)ercise y the >resident or y the Secretary of Laor and Employment of the po&ers vested in
them y Articles 610 and 61A of this .ode" the civil aspects of all cases involvin! #nfair laor practices" &hich
may incl#de claims for act#al" moral" e)emplary and other forms of dama!es" attorneyHs fees and other
a,rmative relief" shall e #nder the %#risdiction of the Laor Ariters. The Laor Ariters shall !ive #tmost
priority to the hearin! and resol#tion of all cases involvin! #nfair laor practices. They shall resolve s#ch
cases &ithin thirty /0C9 calendar days from the time they are s#mitted for decision.
Recovery of civil liaility in the administrative proceedin!s shall ar recovery #nder the .ivil .ode.
No criminal prosec#tion #nder this Title may e instit#ted &itho#t a -nal %#d!ment -ndin! that an #nfair laor
practice &as committed" havin! een -rst otained in the precedin! para!raph. :#rin! the pendency of s#ch
administrative proceedin!" the r#nnin! of the period of prescription of the criminal o+ense herein penalized
shall e considered interr#pted: >rovided" ho&ever" that the -nal %#d!ment in the administrative proceedin!s
shall not e indin! in the criminal case nor e considered as evidence of !#ilt #t merely as proof of
compliance of the re(#irements therein set forth. /As amended y Batas >amansa Bilan! 2C" 5ay 3" 378C
and later f#rther amended y Section 37" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
.hapter II
@N;AIR LABOR >RA.TI.ES O; E5>LOMERS
Art. 2(6. 0nair la%or practice# o e'plo!er#. It shall e #nla&f#l for an employer to commit any of the
follo&in! #nfair laor practice:
a.To interfere &ith" restrain or coerce employees in the e)ercise of their ri!ht to self*or!anization$

.To re(#ire as a condition of employment that a person or an employee shall not %oin a laor or!anization or
shall &ithdra& from one to &hich he elon!s$

c.To contract o#t services or f#nctions ein! performed y #nion memers &hen s#ch &ill interfere &ith"
restrain or coerce employees in the e)ercise of their ri!hts to self*or!anization$

d.To initiate" dominate" assist or other&ise interfere &ith the formation or administration of any laor
or!anization" incl#din! the !ivin! of -nancial or other s#pport to it or its or!anizers or s#pporters$

e.To discriminate in re!ard to &a!es" ho#rs of &or' and other terms and conditions of employment in order to
enco#ra!e or disco#ra!e memership in any laor or!anization. Nothin! in this .ode or in any other la& shall
stop the parties from re(#irin! memership in a reco!nized collective ar!ainin! a!ent as a condition for
employment" e)cept those employees &ho are already memers of another #nion at the time of the si!nin!
of the collective ar!ainin! a!reement. Employees of an appropriate ar!ainin! #nit &ho are not memers of
the reco!nized collective ar!ainin! a!ent may e assessed a reasonale fee e(#ivalent to the d#es and
other fees paid y memers of the reco!nized collective ar!ainin! a!ent" if s#ch non*#nion memers accept
the ene-ts #nder the collective ar!ainin! a!reement: >rovided" that the individ#al a#thorization re(#ired
#nder Article 6A6" para!raph /o9 of this .ode shall not apply to the non*memers of the reco!nized collective
ar!ainin! a!ent$

f.To dismiss" dischar!e or other&ise pre%#dice or discriminate a!ainst an employee for havin! !iven or ein!
ao#t to !ive testimony #nder this .ode$

!.To violate the d#ty to ar!ain collectively as prescried y this .ode$

h.To pay ne!otiation or attorneyHs fees to the #nion or its o,cers or a!ents as part of the settlement of any
iss#e in collective ar!ainin! or any other disp#te$ or

i.To violate a collective ar!ainin! a!reement.
The provisions of the precedin! para!raph not&ithstandin!" only the o,cers and a!ents of corporations"
associations or partnerships &ho have act#ally participated in" a#thorized or rati-ed #nfair laor practices
shall e held criminally liale. /As amended y Batas >amansa Bilan! 30C" A#!#st 63" 37839
.hapter III
@N;AIR LABOR >RA.TI.ES O; LABOR ORJANIKATIONS
Art. 2(8. 0nair la%or practice# o la%or or:ani=ation#. It shall e #nfair laor practice for a laor
or!anization" its o,cers" a!ents or representatives:
a.To restrain or coerce employees in the e)ercise of their ri!ht to self*or!anization. Fo&ever" a laor
or!anization shall have the ri!ht to prescrie its o&n r#les &ith respect to the ac(#isition or retention of
memership$

.To ca#se or attempt to ca#se an employer to discriminate a!ainst an employee" incl#din! discrimination
a!ainst an employee &ith respect to &hom memership in s#ch or!anization has een denied or to terminate
an employee on any !ro#nd other than the #s#al terms and conditions #nder &hich memership or
contin#ation of memership is made availale to other memers$

c.To violate the d#ty" or ref#se to ar!ain collectively &ith the employer" provided it is the representative of
the employees$

d.To ca#se or attempt to ca#se an employer to pay or deliver or a!ree to pay or deliver any money or other
thin!s of val#e" in the nat#re of an e)action" for services &hich are not performed or not to e performed"
incl#din! the demand for fee for #nion ne!otiations$

e.To as' for or accept ne!otiation or attorneyHs fees from employers as part of the settlement of any iss#e in
collective ar!ainin! or any other disp#te$ or

f.To violate a collective ar!ainin! a!reement.
The provisions of the precedin! para!raph not&ithstandin!" only the o,cers" memers of !overnin! oards"
representatives or a!ents or memers of laor associations or or!anizations &ho have act#ally participated
in" a#thorized or rati-ed #nfair laor practices shall e held criminally liale. /As amended y Batas
Title ?II
.OLLE.TI?E BARJAININJ AN: A:5INISTRATION O; AJREE5ENTS
Art. 219. Proce*,re in collecti.e %ar:ainin:. The follo&in! proced#res shall e oserved in collective
ar!ainin!:
a.Ehen a party desires to ne!otiate an a!reement" it shall serve a &ritten notice #pon the other party &ith a
statement of its proposals. The other party shall ma'e a reply thereto not later than ten /3C9 calendar days
from receipt of s#ch notice$

.Sho#ld di+erences arise on the asis of s#ch notice and reply" either party may re(#est for a conference
&hich shall e!in not later than ten /3C9 calendar days from the date of re(#est.

c.If the disp#te is not settled" the Board shall intervene #pon re(#est of either or oth parties or at its o&n
initiative and immediately call the parties to conciliation meetin!s. The Board shall have the po&er to iss#e
s#poenas re(#irin! the attendance of the parties to s#ch meetin!s. It shall e the d#ty of the parties to
participate f#lly and promptly in the conciliation meetin!s the Board may call$

d.:#rin! the conciliation proceedin!s in the Board" the parties are prohiited from doin! any act &hich may
disr#pt or impede the early settlement of the disp#tes$ and

e.The Board shall e)ert all e+orts to settle disp#tes amicaly and enco#ra!e the parties to s#mit their case
to a vol#ntary aritrator. /As amended y Section 6C" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 211. D,t! to %ar:ain collecti.el! in the a%#ence o collecti.e %ar:ainin: a:ree'ent#. In the
asence of an a!reement or other vol#ntary arran!ement providin! for a more e)peditio#s manner of
collective ar!ainin!" it shall e the d#ty of employer and the representatives of the employees to ar!ain
collectively in accordance &ith the provisions of this .ode.
Art. 212. Aeanin: o *,t! to %ar:ain collecti.el!. The d#ty to ar!ain collectively means the
performance of a m#t#al oli!ation to meet and convene promptly and e)peditio#sly in !ood faith for the
p#rpose of ne!otiatin! an a!reement &ith respect to &a!es" ho#rs of &or' and all other terms and conditions
of employment incl#din! proposals for ad%#stin! any !rievances or (#estions arisin! #nder s#ch a!reement
and e)ec#tin! a contract incorporatin! s#ch a!reements if re(#ested y either party #t s#ch d#ty does not
compel any party to a!ree to a proposal or to ma'e any concession.
Art. 21$. D,t! to %ar:ain collecti.el! 7hen there e/i#t# a collecti.e %ar:ainin: a:ree'ent. Ehen
there is a collective ar!ainin! a!reement" the d#ty to ar!ain collectively shall also mean that neither party
shall terminate nor modify s#ch a!reement d#rin! its lifetime. Fo&ever" either party can serve a &ritten
notice to terminate or modify the a!reement at least si)ty /1C9 days prior to its e)piration date. It shall e the
d#ty of oth parties to 'eep the stat#s (#o and to contin#e in f#ll force and e+ect the terms and conditions of
the e)istin! a!reement d#rin! the 1C*day period and=or #ntil a ne& a!reement is reached y the parties.
Art. 21$?A. Ter'# o a collecti.e %ar:ainin: a:ree'ent. Any .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement that the
parties may enter into shall" insofar as the representation aspect is concerned" e for a term of -ve /49 years.
No petition (#estionin! the ma%ority stat#s of the inc#ment ar!ainin! a!ent shall e entertained and no
certi-cation election shall e cond#cted y the :epartment of Laor and Employment o#tside of the si)ty*day
period immediately efore the date of e)piry of s#ch -ve*year term of the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement.
All other provisions of the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement shall e rene!otiated not later than three /09
years after its e)ec#tion. Any a!reement on s#ch other provisions of the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement
entered into &ithin si) /19 months from the date of e)piry of the term of s#ch other provisions as -)ed in s#ch
.ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement" shall retroact to the day immediately follo&in! s#ch date. If any s#ch
a!reement is entered into eyond si) months" the parties shall a!ree on the d#ration of retroactivity thereof.
In case of a deadloc' in the rene!otiation of the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement" the parties may e)ercise
their ri!hts #nder this .ode. /As amended y Section 63" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 21(. In@,nction prohi%ite*. No temporary or permanent in%#nction or restrainin! order in any case
involvin! or !ro&in! o#t of laor disp#tes shall e iss#ed y any co#rt or other entity" e)cept as other&ise
provided in Articles 638 and 61A of this .ode. /As amended y Batas >amansa Bilan! 662" G#ne 3" 37869
Art. 211. E/cl,#i.e %ar:ainin: repre#entation an* 7orBer#> participation in polic! an* *eci#ion?
'aBin:. The laor or!anization desi!nated or selected y the ma%ority of the employees in an appropriate
collective ar!ainin! #nit shall e the e)cl#sive representative of the employees in s#ch #nit for the p#rpose
of collective ar!ainin!. Fo&ever" an individ#al employee or !ro#p of employees shall have the ri!ht at any
time to present !rievances to their employer.
Any provision of la& to the contrary not&ithstandin!" &or'ers shall have the ri!ht" s#%ect to s#ch r#les and
re!#lations as the Secretary of Laor and Employment may prom#l!ate" to participate in policy and decision*
ma'in! processes of the estalishment &here they are employed insofar as said processes &ill directly a+ect
their ri!hts" ene-ts and &elfare. ;or this p#rpose" &or'ers and employers may form laor*mana!ement
co#ncils: >rovided" That the representatives of the &or'ers in s#ch laor*mana!ement co#ncils shall e
elected y at least the ma%ority of all employees in said estalishment. /As amended y Section 66" Rep#lic
Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 213. &epre#entation i##,e in or:ani=e* e#ta%li#h'ent#. In or!anized estalishments" &hen a
veri-ed petition (#estionin! the ma%ority stat#s of the inc#ment ar!ainin! a!ent is -led efore the
:epartment of Laor and Employment &ithin the si)ty*day period efore the e)piration of the collective
ar!ainin! a!reement" the 5ed*Ariter shall a#tomatically order an election y secret allot &hen the veri-ed
petition is s#pported y the &ritten consent of at least t&enty*-ve percent /64L9 of all the employees in the
ar!ainin! #nit to ascertain the &ill of the employees in the appropriate ar!ainin! #nit. To have a valid
election" at least a ma%ority of all eli!ile voters in the #nit m#st have cast their votes. The laor #nion
receivin! the ma%ority of the valid votes cast shall e certi-ed as the e)cl#sive ar!ainin! a!ent of all the
&or'ers in the #nit. Ehen an election &hich provides for three or more choices res#lts in no choice receivin! a
ma%ority of the valid votes cast" a r#n*o+ election shall e cond#cted et&een the laor #nions receivin! the
t&o hi!hest n#mer of votes: >rovided" that the total n#mer of votes for all contendin! #nions is at least -fty
percent /4CL9 of the n#mer of votes cast.
At the e)piration of the freedom period" the employer shall contin#e to reco!nize the ma%ority stat#s of the
inc#ment ar!ainin! a!ent &here no petition for certi-cation election is -led. /As amended y Section 60"
Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 214. Petition# in ,nor:ani=e* e#ta%li#h'ent#. In any estalishment &here there is no certi-ed
ar!ainin! a!ent" a certi-cation election shall a#tomatically e cond#cted y the 5ed*Ariter #pon the -lin!
of a petition y a le!itimate laor or!anization. /As amended y Section 6A" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63"
37879
Art. 216. Chen an e'plo!er 'a! "le petition. Ehen re(#ested to ar!ain collectively" an employer may
petition the B#rea# for an election. If there is no e)istin! certi-ed collective ar!ainin! a!reement in the #nit"
the B#rea# shall" after hearin!" order a certi-cation election.
All certi-cation cases shall e decided &ithin t&enty /6C9 &or'in! days.
The B#rea# shall cond#ct a certi-cation election &ithin t&enty /6C9 days in accordance &ith the r#les and
re!#lations prescried y the Secretary of Laor.
Art. 218. Appeal ro' certi"cation election or*er#. Any party to an election may appeal the order or
res#lts of the election as determined y the 5ed*Ariter directly to the Secretary of Laor and Employment
on the !ro#nd that the r#les and re!#lations or parts thereof estalished y the Secretary of Laor and
Employment for the cond#ct of the election have een violated. S#ch appeal shall e decided &ithin -fteen
/349 calendar days. /As amended y Section 64" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Title ?II*A
JRIE?AN.E 5A.FINERM AN: ?OL@NTARM ARBITRATION
Art. 239. <rie.ance 'achiner! an* .ol,ntar! ar%itration. The parties to a .ollective Bar!ainin!
A!reement shall incl#de therein provisions that &ill ens#re the m#t#al oservance of its terms and conditions.
They shall estalish a machinery for the ad%#stment and resol#tion of !rievances arisin! from the
interpretation or implementation of their .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement and those arisin! from the
interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies.
All !rievances s#mitted to the !rievance machinery &hich are not settled &ithin seven /29 calendar days
from the date of its s#mission shall a#tomatically e referred to vol#ntary aritration prescried in the
.ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement.
;or this p#rpose" parties to a .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement shall name and desi!nate in advance a
?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators" or incl#de in the a!reement a proced#re for the
selection of s#ch ?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators" preferaly from the listin! of (#ali-ed
?ol#ntary Aritrators d#ly accredited y the Board. In case the parties fail to select a ?ol#ntary Aritrator or
panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators" the Board shall desi!nate the ?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary
Aritrators" as may e necessary" p#rs#ant to the selection proced#re a!reed #pon in the .ollective
Bar!ainin! A!reement" &hich shall act &ith the same force and e+ect as if the Aritrator or panel of
Aritrators has een selected y the parties as descried aove.
Art. 231. 5,ri#*iction o Vol,ntar! Ar%itrator# or panel o Vol,ntar! Ar%itrator#. The ?ol#ntary
Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators shall have ori!inal and e)cl#sive %#risdiction to hear and decide all
#nresolved !rievances arisin! from the interpretation or implementation of the .ollective Bar!ainin!
A!reement and those arisin! from the interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies referred
to in the immediately precedin! article. Accordin!ly" violations of a .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement" e)cept
those &hich are !ross in character" shall no lon!er e treated as #nfair laor practice and shall e resolved as
!rievances #nder the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement. ;or p#rposes of this article" !ross violations of
.ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement shall mean Ia!rant and=or malicio#s ref#sal to comply &ith the economic
provisions of s#ch a!reement.
The .ommission" its Re!ional O,ces and the Re!ional :irectors of the :epartment of Laor and Employment
shall not entertain disp#tes" !rievances or matters #nder the e)cl#sive and ori!inal %#risdiction of the
?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators and shall immediately dispose and refer the same to the
Jrievance 5achinery or ?ol#ntary Aritration provided in the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement.
Art. 232. 5,ri#*iction o.er other la%or *i#p,te#. The ?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary
Aritrators" #pon a!reement of the parties" shall also hear and decide all other laor disp#tes incl#din! #nfair
laor practices and ar!ainin! deadloc's.
Art. 232?A. Proce*,re#. The ?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators shall have the po&er to
hold hearin!s" receive evidences and ta'e &hatever action is necessary to resolve the iss#e or iss#es s#%ect
of the disp#te" incl#din! e+orts to e+ect a vol#ntary settlement et&een parties.
All parties to the disp#te shall e entitled to attend the aritration proceedin!s. The attendance of any third
party or the e)cl#sion of any &itness from the proceedin!s shall e determined y the ?ol#ntary Aritrator or
panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators. Fearin! may e ad%o#rned for ca#se or #pon a!reement y the parties.
@nless the parties a!ree other&ise" it shall e mandatory for the ?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary
Aritrators to render an a&ard or decision &ithin t&enty /6C9 calendar days from the date of s#mission of
the disp#te to vol#ntary aritration.
The a&ard or decision of the ?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators shall contain the facts and
the la& on &hich it is ased. It shall e -nal and e)ec#tory after ten /3C9 calendar days from receipt of the
copy of the a&ard or decision y the parties.
@pon motion of any interested party" the ?ol#ntary Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators or the Laor
Ariter in the re!ion &here the movant resides" in case of the asence or incapacity of the ?ol#ntary
Aritrator or panel of ?ol#ntary Aritrators" for any reason" may iss#e a &rit of e)ec#tion re(#irin! either the
sheri+ of the .ommission or re!#lar co#rts or any p#lic o,cial &hom the parties may desi!nate in the
s#mission a!reement to e)ec#te the -nal decision" order or a&ard.
Art. 232?B. Co#t o .ol,ntar! ar%itration an* Vol,ntar! Ar%itrator># ee. The parties to a .ollective
Bar!ainin! A!reement shall provide therein a proportionate sharin! scheme on the cost of vol#ntary
aritration incl#din! the ?ol#ntary AritratorHs fee. The -)in! of fee of ?ol#ntary Aritrators" &hether
sho#ldered &holly y the parties or s#sidized y the Special ?ol#ntary Aritration ;#nd" shall ta'e into
acco#nt the follo&in! factors:
a.Nat#re of the case$

.Time cons#med in hearin! the case$

c.>rofessional standin! of the ?ol#ntary Aritrator$

d..apacity to pay of the parties$ and

e.;ees provided for in the Revised R#les of .o#rt.
Title ?III
STRINES AN: LO.NO@TS AN: ;OREIJN IN?OL?E5ENT IN TRA:E @NION A.TI?ITIES
.hapter I
STRINES AN: LO.NO@TS
Art. 23$. StriBe#- picBetin: an* locBo,t#.
a.It is the policy of the State to enco#ra!e free trade #nionism and free collective ar!ainin!.

.Eor'ers shall have the ri!ht to en!a!e in concerted activities for p#rposes of collective ar!ainin! or for
their m#t#al ene-t and protection. The ri!ht of le!itimate laor or!anizations to stri'e and pic'et and of
employers to loc'o#t" consistent &ith the national interest" shall contin#e to e reco!nized and respected.
Fo&ever" no laor #nion may stri'e and no employer may declare a loc'o#t on !ro#nds involvin! inter*#nion
and intra*#nion disp#tes.

c.In case of ar!ainin! deadloc's" the d#ly certi-ed or reco!nized ar!ainin! a!ent may -le a notice of stri'e
or the employer may -le a notice of loc'o#t &ith the 5inistry at least 0C day efore the intended date thereof.
In cases of #nfair laor practice" the period of notice shall e 34 days and in the asence of a d#ly certi-ed or
reco!nized ar!ainin! a!ent" the notice of stri'e may e -led y any le!itimate laor or!anization in ehalf of
its memers. Fo&ever" in case of dismissal from employment of #nion o,cers d#ly elected in accordance
&ith the #nion constit#tion and y*la&s" &hich may constit#te #nion #stin!" &here the e)istence of the
#nion is threatened" the 34*day coolin!*o+ period shall not apply and the #nion may ta'e action
immediately. /As amended y E)ec#tive Order No. 333" :ecemer 6A" 37819

d.The notice m#st e in accordance &ith s#ch implementin! r#les and re!#lations as the 5inister of Laor
and Employment may prom#l!ate.

e.:#rin! the coolin!*o+ period" it shall e the d#ty of the 5inistry to e)ert all e+orts at mediation and
conciliation to e+ect a vol#ntary settlement. Sho#ld the disp#te remain #nsettled #ntil the lapse of the
re(#isite n#mer of days from the mandatory -lin! of the notice" the laor #nion may stri'e or the employer
may declare a loc'o#t.

f.A decision to declare a stri'e m#st e approved y a ma%ority of the total #nion memership in the
ar!ainin! #nit concerned" otained y secret allot in meetin!s or referenda called for that p#rpose. A
decision to declare a loc'o#t m#st e approved y a ma%ority of the oard of directors of the corporation or
association or of the partners in a partnership" otained y secret allot in a meetin! called for that p#rpose.
The decision shall e valid for the d#ration of the disp#te ased on s#stantially the same !ro#nds
considered &hen the stri'e or loc'o#t vote &as ta'en. The 5inistry may" at its o&n initiative or #pon the
re(#est of any a+ected party" s#pervise the cond#ct of the secret allotin!. In every case" the #nion or the
employer shall f#rnish the 5inistry the res#lts of the votin! at least seven days efore the intended stri'e or
loc'o#t" s#%ect to the coolin!*o+ period herein provided. /As amended y Batas >amansa Bilan! 30C"
A#!#st 63" 3783 and f#rther amended y E)ec#tive Order No. 333" :ecemer 6A" 37819

!.Ehen" in his opinion" there e)ists a laor disp#te ca#sin! or li'ely to ca#se a stri'e or loc'o#t in an ind#stry
indispensale to the national interest" the Secretary of Laor and Employment may ass#me %#risdiction over
the disp#te and decide it or certify the same to the .ommission for comp#lsory aritration. S#ch ass#mption
or certi-cation shall have the e+ect of a#tomatically en%oinin! the intended or impendin! stri'e or loc'o#t as
speci-ed in the ass#mption or certi-cation order. If one has already ta'en place at the time of ass#mption or
certi-cation" all stri'in! or loc'ed o#t employees shall immediately ret#rn*to*&or' and the employer shall
immediately res#me operations and readmit all &or'ers #nder the same terms and conditions prevailin!
efore the stri'e or loc'o#t. The Secretary of Laor and Employment or the .ommission may see' the
assistance of la& enforcement a!encies to ens#re compliance &ith this provision as &ell as &ith s#ch orders
as he may iss#e to enforce the same.

In line &ith the national concern for and the hi!hest respect accorded to the ri!ht of patients to life and
health" stri'es and loc'o#ts in hospitals" clinics and similar medical instit#tions shall" to every e)tent possile"
e avoided" and all serio#s e+orts" not only y laor and mana!ement #t !overnment as &ell" e e)ha#sted
to s#stantially minimize" if not prevent" their adverse e+ects on s#ch life and health" thro#!h the e)ercise"
ho&ever le!itimate" y laor of its ri!ht to stri'e and y mana!ement to loc'o#t. In laor disp#tes adversely
a+ectin! the contin#ed operation of s#ch hospitals" clinics or medical instit#tions" it shall e the d#ty of the
stri'in! #nion or loc'in!*o#t employer to provide and maintain an e+ective s'eletal &or'force of medical and
other health personnel" &hose movement and services shall e #nhampered and #nrestricted" as are
necessary to ins#re the proper and ade(#ate protection of the life and health of its patients" most especially
emer!ency cases" for the d#ration of the stri'e or loc'o#t. In s#ch cases" therefore" the Secretary of Laor
and Employment may immediately ass#me" &ithin t&enty fo#r /6A9 ho#rs from 'no&led!e of the occ#rrence
of s#ch a stri'e or loc'o#t" %#risdiction over the same or certify it to the .ommission for comp#lsory
aritration. ;or this p#rpose" the contendin! parties are strictly en%oined to comply &ith s#ch orders"
prohiitions and=or in%#nctions as are iss#ed y the Secretary of Laor and Employment or the .ommission"
#nder pain of immediate disciplinary action" incl#din! dismissal or loss of employment stat#s or payment y
the loc'in!*o#t employer of ac'&a!es" dama!es and other a,rmative relief" even criminal prosec#tion
a!ainst either or oth of them.

The fore!oin! not&ithstandin!" the >resident of the >hilippines shall not e precl#ded from determinin! the
ind#stries that" in his opinion" are indispensale to the national interest" and from intervenin! at any time and
ass#min! %#risdiction over any s#ch laor disp#te in order to settle or terminate the same.

h.Before or at any sta!e of the comp#lsory aritration process" the parties may opt to s#mit their disp#te to
vol#ntary aritration.

i.The Secretary of Laor and Employment" the .ommission or the vol#ntary aritrator shall decide or resolve
the disp#te" as the case may e. The decision of the >resident" the Secretary of Laor and Employment" the
.ommission or the vol#ntary aritrator shall e -nal and e)ec#tory ten /3C9 calendar days after receipt
thereof y the parties. /As amended y Section 62" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 23(. Prohi%ite* acti.itie#.
a.No laor or!anization or employer shall declare a stri'e or loc'o#t &itho#t -rst havin! ar!ained collectively
in accordance &ith Title ?II of this Boo' or &itho#t -rst havin! -led the notice re(#ired in the precedin!
Article or &itho#t the necessary stri'e or loc'o#t vote -rst havin! een otained and reported to the 5inistry.

No stri'e or loc'o#t shall e declared after ass#mption of %#risdiction y the >resident or the 5inister or after
certi-cation or s#mission of the disp#te to comp#lsory or vol#ntary aritration or d#rin! the pendency of
cases involvin! the same !ro#nds for the stri'e or loc'o#t.

Any &or'er &hose employment has een terminated as a conse(#ence of any #nla&f#l loc'o#t shall e
entitled to reinstatement &ith f#ll ac'&a!es. Any #nion o,cer &ho 'no&in!ly participates in an ille!al stri'e
and any &or'er or #nion o,cer &ho 'no&in!ly participates in the commission of ille!al acts d#rin! a stri'e
may e declared to have lost his employment stat#s: >rovided" That mere participation of a &or'er in a la&f#l
stri'e shall not constit#te s#,cient !ro#nd for termination of his employment" even if a replacement had
een hired y the employer d#rin! s#ch la&f#l stri'e.

.No person shall ostr#ct" impede" or interfere &ith" y force" violence" coercion" threats or intimidation" any
peacef#l pic'etin! y employees d#rin! any laor controversy or in the e)ercise of the ri!ht to self*
or!anization or collective ar!ainin!" or shall aid or aet s#ch ostr#ction or interference.

c.No employer shall #se or employ any stri'e*rea'er" nor shall any person e employed as a stri'e*rea'er.

d.No p#lic o,cial or employee" incl#din! o,cers and personnel of the Ne& Armed ;orces of the >hilippines
or the Inte!rated National >olice" or armed person" shall rin! in" introd#ce or escort in any manner" any
individ#al &ho see's to replace stri'ers in enterin! or leavin! the premises of a stri'e area" or &or' in place of
the stri'ers. The police force shall 'eep o#t of the pic'et lines #nless act#al violence or other criminal acts
occ#r therein: >rovided" That nothin! herein shall e interpreted to prevent any p#lic o,cer from ta'in! any
meas#re necessary to maintain peace and order" protect life and property" and=or enforce the la& and le!al
order. /As amended y E)ec#tive Order No. 333" :ecemer 6A" 37819

e.No person en!a!ed in pic'etin! shall commit any act of violence" coercion or intimidation or ostr#ct the
free in!ress to or e!ress from the employerHs premises for la&f#l p#rposes" or ostr#ct p#lic
thoro#!hfares. /As amended y Batas >amansa Bilan! 662" G#ne 3" 37869
Art. 231. I'pro.e* oDer %allotin:. In an e+ort to settle a stri'e" the :epartment of Laor and
Employment shall cond#ct a referend#m y secret allot on the improved o+er of the employer on or efore
the 0Cth day of the stri'e. Ehen at least a ma%ority of the #nion memers vote to accept the improved o+er
the stri'in! &or'ers shall immediately ret#rn to &or' and the employer shall there#pon readmit them #pon
the si!nin! of the a!reement.
In case of a loc'o#t" the :epartment of Laor and Employment shall also cond#ct a referend#m y secret
allotin! on the red#ced o+er of the #nion on or efore the 0Cth day of the loc'o#t. Ehen at least a ma%ority
of the oard of directors or tr#stees or the partners holdin! the controllin! interest in the case of a
partnership vote to accept the red#ced o+er" the &or'ers shall immediately ret#rn to &or' and the employer
shall there#pon readmit them #pon the si!nin! of the a!reement. /Incorporated y Section 68" Rep#lic Act
No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 233. &e+,ire'ent or arre#t an* *etention. E)cept on !ro#nds of national sec#rity and p#lic
peace or in case of commission of a crime" no #nion memers or #nion or!anizers may e arrested or
detained for #nion activities &itho#t previo#s cons#ltations &ith the Secretary of Laor.
.hapter II
ASSISTAN.E TO LABOR ORJANIKATIONS
Art. 234. A##i#tance %! the Depart'ent o La%or. The :epartment of Laor" at the initiative of the
Secretary of Laor" shall e)tend special assistance to the or!anization" for p#rposes of collective ar!ainin!"
of the most #nderprivile!ed &or'ers &ho" for reasons of occ#pation" or!anizational str#ct#re or ins#,cient
incomes" are not normally covered y ma%or laor or!anizations or federations.
Art. 236. A##i#tance %! the In#tit,te o La%or an* Aanpo7er St,*ie#. The Instit#te of Laor and
5anpo&er St#dies shall render technical and other forms of assistance to laor or!anizations and employer
or!anizations in the -eld of laor ed#cation" especially pertainin! to collective ar!ainin!" aritration" laor
standards and the Laor .ode of the >hilippines in !eneral.
.hapter III
;OREIJN A.TI?ITIES
Art. 238. Prohi%ition a:ain#t alien#; e/ception#. All aliens" nat#ral or %#ridical" as &ell as forei!n
or!anizations are strictly prohiited from en!a!in! directly or indirectly in all forms of trade #nion activities
&itho#t pre%#dice to normal contacts et&een >hilippine laor #nions and reco!nized international laor
centers: >rovided" ho&ever" That aliens &or'in! in the co#ntry &ith valid permits iss#ed y the :epartment of
Laor and Employment" may e)ercise the ri!ht to self*or!anization and %oin or assist laor or!anizations of
their o&n choosin! for p#rposes of collective ar!ainin!: >rovided" f#rther" That said aliens are nationals of a
co#ntry &hich !rants the same or similar ri!hts to ;ilipino &or'ers. /As amended y Section 67" Rep#lic Act
No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 249. &e:,lation o orei:n a##i#tance.
a.No forei!n individ#al" or!anization or entity may !ive any donations" !rants or other forms of assistance" in
cash or in 'ind" directly or indirectly" to any laor or!anization" !ro#p of &or'ers or any a#)iliary thereof" s#ch
as cooperatives" credit #nions and instit#tions en!a!ed in research" ed#cation or comm#nication" in relation
to trade #nion activities" &itho#t prior permission y the Secretary of Laor.

<Trade #nion activities< shall mean:

3.or!anization" formation and administration of laor or!anization$

6.ne!otiation and administration of collective ar!ainin! a!reements$

0.all forms of concerted #nion action$

A.or!anizin!" mana!in!" or assistin! #nion conventions" meetin!s" rallies" referenda" teach*ins" seminars"
conferences and instit#tes$

4.any form of participation or involvement in representation proceedin!s" representation elections" consent
elections" #nion elections$ and

1.other activities or actions analo!o#s to the fore!oin!.

.This prohiition shall e(#ally apply to forei!n donations" !rants or other forms of assistance" in cash or in
'ind" !iven directly or indirectly to any employer or employerHs or!anization to s#pport any activity or
activities a+ectin! trade #nions.

c.The Secretary of Laor shall prom#l!ate r#les and re!#lations to re!#late and control the !ivin! and
receivin! of s#ch donations" !rants" or other forms of assistance" incl#din! the mandatory reportin! of the
amo#nts of the donations or !rants" the speci-c recipients thereof" the pro%ects or activities proposed to e
s#pported" and their d#ration.
Art. 241. Applica%ilit! to ar' tenant# an* r,ral 7orBer#. The provisions of this Title pertainin! to
forei!n or!anizations and activities shall e deemed applicale li'e&ise to all or!anizations of farm tenants"
r#ral &or'ers" and the li'e: >rovided" That in appropriate cases" the Secretary of A!rarian Reform shall
e)ercise the po&ers and responsiilities vested y this Title in the Secretary of Laor.
.hapter I?
>ENALTIES ;OR ?IOLATION
Art. 242. Penaltie#.
a.Any person violatin! any of the provisions of Article 61A of this .ode shall e p#nished y a -ne of not less
than one tho#sand pesos />3"CCC.CC9 nor more than ten tho#sand pesos />3C"CCC.CC9 and=or imprisonment
for not less than three months nor more than three /09 years" or oth s#ch -ne and imprisonment" at the
discretion of the co#rt. >rosec#tion #nder this provision shall precl#de prosec#tion for the same act #nder the
Revised >enal .ode" and vice versa.

.@pon the recommendation of the 5inister of Laor and Employment and the 5inister of National :efense"
forei!ners &ho violate the provisions of this Title shall e s#%ect to immediate and s#mmary deportation y
the .ommission on Immi!ration and :eportation and shall e permanently arred from re*enterin! the
co#ntry &itho#t the special permission of the >resident of the >hilippines. /As amended y Section 31" Batas
>amansa Bilan! 30C and Section 2" Batas >amansa Bilan! 6629
Title IO
S>E.IAL >RO?ISIONS
Art. 24$. St,*! o la%or?'ana:e'ent relation#. The Secretary of Laor shall have the po&er and it shall
e his d#ty to in(#ire into:
a.the e)istin! relations et&een employers and employees in the >hilippines$

.the !ro&th of associations of employees and the e+ect of s#ch associations #pon employer*employee
relations$

c.the e)tent and res#lts of the methods of collective ar!ainin! in the determination of terms and conditions
of employment$

d.the methods &hich have een tried y employers and associations of employees for maintainin! m#t#ally
satisfactory relations$

e.desirale ind#strial practices &hich have een developed thro#!h collective ar!ainin! and other vol#ntary
arran!ements$

f.the possile &ays of increasin! the #sef#lness and e,ciency of collective ar!ainin! for settlin! di+erences$

!.the possiilities for the adoption of practical and e+ective methods of laor*mana!ement cooperation$

h.any other aspects of employer*employee relations concernin! the promotion of harmony and #nderstandin!
et&een the parties$ and

i.the relevance of laor la&s and laor relations to national development.
The Secretary of Laor shall also in(#ire into the ca#ses of ind#strial #nrest and ta'e all the necessary steps
&ithin his po&er as may e prescried y la& to alleviate the same" and shall from time to time recommend
the enactment of s#ch remedial le!islation as in his %#d!ment may e desirale for the maintenance and
promotion of ind#strial peace.
Art. 24(. Vi#itorial po7er. The Secretary of Laor and Employment or his d#ly a#thorized representative is
herey empo&ered to in(#ire into the -nancial activities of le!itimate laor or!anizations #pon the -lin! of a
complaint #nder oath and d#ly s#pported y the &ritten consent of at least t&enty percent /6CL9 of the total
memership of the laor or!anization concerned and to e)amine their oo's of acco#nts and other records to
determine compliance or non*compliance &ith the la& and to prosec#te any violations of the la& and the
#nion constit#tion and y*la&s: >rovided" That s#ch in(#iry or e)amination shall not e cond#cted d#rin! the
si)ty /1C9*day freedom period nor &ithin the thirty /0C9 days immediately precedin! the date of election of
#nion o,cials./As amended y Section 03" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879
Art. 241. Triparti#' an* tripartite conerence#.
a.Tripartism in laor relations is herey declared a State policy. To&ards this end" &or'ers and employers
shall" as far as practicale" e represented in decision and policy*ma'in! odies of the !overnment.

.The Secretary of Laor and Employment or his d#ly a#thorized representatives may" from time to time" call
a national" re!ional" or ind#strial tripartite conference of representatives of !overnment" &or'ers and
employers for the consideration and adoption of vol#ntary codes of principles desi!ned to promote ind#strial
peace ased on social %#stice or to ali!n laor movement relations &ith estalished priorities in economic and
social development. In callin! s#ch conference" the Secretary of Laor and Employment may cons#lt &ith
accredited representatives of &or'ers and employers. /As amended y Section 06" Rep#lic Act No. 1234"
5arch 63" 37879
Art. 243. <o.ern'ent e'plo!ee#. The terms and conditions of employment of all !overnment employees"
incl#din! employees of !overnment*o&ned and controlled corporations" shall e !overned y the .ivil Service
La&" r#les and re!#lations. Their salaries shall e standardized y the National Assemly as provided for in
the Ne& .onstit#tion. Fo&ever" there shall e no red#ction of e)istin! &a!es" ene-ts and other terms and
conditions of employment ein! en%oyed y them at the time of the adoption of this .ode.
Art. 244. Ai#cellaneo,# pro.i#ion#.
a.All #nions are a#thorized to collect reasonale memership fees" #nion d#es" assessments and -nes and
other contri#tions for laor ed#cation and research" m#t#al death and hospitalization ene-ts" &elfare f#nd"
stri'e f#nd and credit and cooperative #nderta'in!s. /As amended y Section 00" Rep#lic Act No. 1234"
5arch 63" 37879

.S#%ect to the constit#tional ri!ht of &or'ers to sec#rity of ten#re and their ri!ht to e protected a!ainst
dismissal e)cept for a %#st and a#thorized ca#se and &itho#t pre%#dice to the re(#irement of notice #nder
Article 680 of this .ode" the employer shall f#rnish the &or'er &hose employment is so#!ht to e terminated
a &ritten notice containin! a statement of the ca#ses for termination and shall a+ord the latter ample
opport#nity to e heard and to defend himself &ith the assistance of his representative if he so desires in
accordance &ith company r#les and re!#lations prom#l!ated p#rs#ant to !#idelines set y the :epartment of
Laor and Employment. Any decision ta'en y the employer shall e &itho#t pre%#dice to the ri!ht of the
&or'er to contest the validity or le!ality of his dismissal y -lin! a complaint &ith the re!ional ranch of the
National Laor Relations .ommission. The #rden of provin! that the termination &as for a valid or
a#thorized ca#se shall rest on the employer. The Secretary of the :epartment of Laor and Employment may
s#spend the e+ects of the termination pendin! resol#tion of the disp#te in the event of a prima facie -ndin!
y the appropriate o,cial of the :epartment of Laor and Employment efore &hom s#ch disp#te is pendin!
that the termination may ca#se a serio#s laor disp#te or is in implementation of a mass lay*o+. /As
amended y Section 00" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch 63" 37879

c.Any employee" &hether employed for a de-nite period or not" shall" e!innin! on his -rst day of service" e
considered as an employee for p#rposes of memership in any laor #nion. /As amended y Section 00"
Rep#lic Act No. 12349

d.No doc'et fee shall e assessed in laor standards disp#tes. In all other disp#tes" doc'et fees may e
assessed a!ainst the -lin! party" provided that in ar!ainin! deadloc'" s#ch fees shall e shared e(#ally y
the ne!otiatin! parties.

e.The 5inister of Laor and Employment and the 5inister of the B#d!et shall ca#se to e created or
reclassi-ed in accordance &ith la& s#ch positions as may e necessary to carry o#t the o%ectives of this
.ode and ca#se the #p!radin! of the salaries of the personnel involved in the Laor Relations System of the
5inistry. ;#nds needed for this p#rpose shall e provided o#t of the Special Activities ;#nd appropriated y
Batas >amansa Bl!. 8C and from ann#al appropriations thereafter. /Incorporated y Batas >amansa Bilan!
30C" A#!#st 63" 37839

f.A special ?ol#ntary Aritration ;#nd is herey estalished in the Board to s#sidize the cost of vol#ntary
aritration in cases involvin! the interpretation and implementation of the .ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement"
incl#din! the AritratorHs fees" and for s#ch other related p#rposes to promote and develop vol#ntary
aritration. The Board shall administer the Special ?ol#ntary Aritration ;#nd in accordance &ith the
!#idelines it may adopt #pon the recommendation of the .o#ncil" &hich !#idelines shall e s#%ect to the
approval of the Secretary of Laor and Employment. .ontin#in! f#nds needed for this p#rpose in the initial
yearly amo#nt of -fteen million pesos />34"CCC"CCC.CC9 shall e provided in the 3787 ann#al !eneral
appropriations acts.

The amo#nt of s#sidy in appropriate cases shall e determined y the Board in accordance &ith estalished
!#idelines iss#ed y it #pon the recommendation of the .o#ncil.

The ;#nd shall also e #tilized for the operation of the .o#ncil" the trainin! and ed#cation of ?ol#ntary
Aritrators" and the ?ol#ntary Aritration >ro!ram. /As amended y Section 00" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch
63" 37879

!.The 5inistry shall help promote and !rad#ally develop" &ith the a!reement of laor or!anizations and
employers" laor*mana!ement cooperation pro!rams at appropriate levels of the enterprise ased on the
shared responsiility and m#t#al respect in order to ens#re ind#strial peace and improvement in prod#ctivity"
&or'in! conditions and the (#ality of &or'in! life. /Incorporated y Batas >amansa Bilan! 30C" A#!#st 63"
37839

h.In estalishments &here no le!itimate laor or!anization e)ists" laor*mana!ement committees may e
formed vol#ntarily y &or'ers and employers for the p#rpose of promotin! ind#strial peace. The :epartment
of Laor and Employment shall endeavor to enli!hten and ed#cate the &or'ers and employers on their ri!hts
and responsiilities thro#!h laor ed#cation &ith emphasis on the policy thr#sts of this .ode. /As amended y

i.To ens#re speedy laor %#stice" the periods provided in this .ode &ithin &hich decisions or resol#tions of
laor relations cases or matters sho#ld e rendered shall e mandatory. ;or this p#rpose" a case or matter
shall e deemed s#mitted for decision or resol#tion #pon the -lin! of the last pleadin! or memorand#m
re(#ired y the r#les of the .ommission or y the .ommission itself" or the Laor Ariter" or the :irector of
the B#rea# of Laor Relations or 5ed*Ariter" or the Re!ional :irector.

@pon e)piration of the correspondin! period" a certi-cation statin! &hy a decision or resol#tion has not een
rendered &ithin the said period shall e iss#ed forth&ith y the .hairman of the .ommission" the E)ec#tive
Laor Ariter" or the :irector of the B#rea# of Laor Relations or 5ed*Ariter" or the Re!ional :irector" as the
case may e" and a copy thereof served #pon the parties.

:espite the e)piration of the applicale mandatory period" the aforesaid o,cials shall" &itho#t pre%#dice to
any liaility &hich may have een inc#rred as a conse(#ence thereof" see to it that the case or matter shall
e decided or resolved &itho#t any f#rther delay. /Incorporated y Section 00" Rep#lic Act No. 1234" 5arch
63" 37879

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