MH370 Neg3132

Inherency Neg
Frontline
( ) US committed to the search Obama pledge proves.

Digital Journal 14
(Digital Journal April 27, 2014 lexis)
President Barack Obama on Sunday offered continued US support for Malaysia in the search for missing flight
MH370 but warned of a "laborious" task ahead to find the plane. "It is a very challenging effort, a laborious effort and it is going to take some
time," said Obama, who arrived in Malaysia on Saturday for a two-day stay. The jet mysteriously disappeared on March 8 on a flight from Kuala
Lumpur to Beijing with 239 people aboard and is thought to have crashed in the southern Indian Ocean. But no trace has been found, leaving
distraught relatives demanding answers and accusing Malaysia's government of a bungled response and possible cover-up. Obama expressed
the "deepest condolences of the American people to all the families who lost love ones on that flight". "I completely understand the heartache
the families are going through and want some answers. But I can tell you the United States is absolutely committed to
providing whatever resources and assets that we can," he said during a joint press conference with
Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak. US experts were brought in shortly after the plane vanished to help with
investigations. American assets have been involved in a multi-nation search coordinated by Australia that
has for weeks scoured the remote Indian Ocean for wreckage.

( ) China solving now theyre doing a bathymetric search for 370.

Amos 14
Jonathan Amos, BBC Science Correspondent -- MH370 spur to 'better ocean mapping' BBC News May 27
th
, 2014
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27589433

Scientists have welcomed the decision to make all ocean depth data (bathymetry) gathered in the search
for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 publicly available. A detailed survey of 60,000 sq km of seabed is to be
undertaken to help refine the hunt for the lost jet. The depth and shape of Earth's ocean floor is very poorly known.
Leading researchers say the MH370 example should be a spur to gather much better data elsewhere in the world. The search has been
hampered by the lack of a high-resolution view of the bed topography west of Australia. This was apparent on the very first dive made by an
autonomous sub investigating possible sonar detections of the aircraft's cockpit voice and flight data recorders. It was forced to cut short the
mission because it encountered depths that exceeded its operating limit of 4,500m. There are places thought to exceed 7,800m. Australian
Transportation Safety Board (ATSB) officials said this week that an area in the southern Indian Ocean the size of Tasmania
would now be subject to a full survey using multibeam echo sounders (MBES). A Chinese navy vessel, Zhu
Kezhen, has already started on the project. It will be joined by a commercial ship in June, with the work likely
to take three months.

Backlines China solves ocean mapping now

( ) China solves ocean mapping now.

J.A.C.C. 14
(The Joint Agency Coordination Centre (JACC) was announced on 30 March 2014 by the Prime Minister of Australia, the Hon
Tony Abbott. The purpose of the JACC is to ensure the public and other stakeholders, particularly families, are well-informed
about the progress of the investigation into Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 that disappeared on 8 March 2014 on a flight to
Beijing from Kuala Lumpur. Update on MH370 Search May 29
th

http://www.jacc.gov.au/media/releases/2014/may/mr048.aspx)

The Chinese survey ship Zhu Kezhen has already begun conducting the bathymetric surveyor mapping of the ocean
floorof the areas provided by the ATSB. Its operations are being supported by the Chinese ship Haixun 01 and Malaysian vessel
Bunga Mas 6 which are assisting with transporting the survey data to Fremantle weekly for further processing by Geoscience Australia. A
contracted survey vessel will join the Zhu Kezhen in June. The bathymetric survey is expected to take about three
months. Knowing the seafloor terrain is crucial to enabling the subsequent underwater search.

(Note: ATSB = Australian Transport Safety Bureau)

Solvency Neg

Frontline
( ) Search is a waste of time its a cover-up.

Harress 14
Christopher spent four years in the British Royal Navy and then attend Journalism school at Edinburgh Napier University. He
went on to work in the UK, New Zealand, Paris and Dakar, Senegal as an investigative reporter before attending the Stabile
Center for Investigative Journalism at Columbia University. He works as Defense and Aviation reporter at the International
Business Times in New York. This article internally quotes Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed. CIA
Withholding Information About Flight MH370 Search, Former Malaysian Prime Minister Claims May 20 2014
http://www.ibtimes.com/cia-withholding-information-about-flight-mh370-search-former-malaysian-prime-minister-1587198

Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed, 88, claims the CIA may be withholding information about
missing Malaysian Airline flight MH370. The politician made his comments on his personal blog, on which he also opined that the
continuing search is futile and that too much blame has been placed on the Malaysian government and Malaysian Airlines. "It is a waste
of time and money to look for debris or oil slicks or listen for 'pings' from the black box," Mahathir wrote. "Someone
is hiding something. It is not fair that MAS [Malaysia Airlines] and Malaysia should take the blame. For some reason the media
will not print anything that involves Boeing or the CIA." The Kuala Lumpur-based airline has come under heavy criticism
in the wake of the MH370s disappearance while en route from the Malaysian capital to Beijing, China, on March 8 with 239 passengers
onboard. Early media reports suggested that the aircraft had crashed in the South China Sea or in the Strait of Malaca, or that it had been
hijacked and flown north to a former Soviet state in Central Asia. However, more recent indications are that the Boeing 777 crashed in the
southern Indian Ocean. However, Mahathir doesnt believe the aircraft crashed into the sea at all. "This is most
likely not an ordinary crash after fuel was exhausted. The plane is somewhere, maybe without MAS markings,"
Mahathir wrote.

( ) Impossible to find its buried under ocean sentiment.

Sandilands 14
***This is actually this guys last name *** Ben Sandilands has been a reporter for more than 49 years at home and abroad
and divided between Fairfax publications and the ABC and in recent times as a freelance writer, broadcaster, Crikey contributor
and the author of its blog, Plane Talking. He became the last full time shipping cadet on The Sydney Morning Herald at the start
of his career, and has closely followed transport issues, mainly in the airline sector MH370 Inmarsat says best guess crash
site wasnt searched Crickey Plane Talking June 17
th
http://blogs.crikey.com.au/planetalking/2014/06/17/mh370-
inmarsat-says-best-guess-crash-site-wasnt-searched/

It may take two years. Success isnt guaranteed, as the sea floor topography may have buried the wreckage
under an avalanche of silt . For the Australian co-ordinated search, this is going to be an intensely difficult task,
made so much harder by residual ambiguities and variables in satellite and aircraft performance data it has to rely
upon.

( ) Searching in the wrong place Pinger data was wrong.

Marsh 14
et al, Rene Marsh is CNN's aviation and government regulation correspondent, based in the network's Washington bureau.
Internally quoting Michael Dean, the US Navy's deputy director of ocean engineering Navy official: Pings not thought to be
from Flight 370's black boxes CNN May 28, 2014 http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/28/world/asia/malaysia-airlines-
pinging/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
The four acoustic pings at the center of the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 for the past seven weeks are no
longer believed to have come from the plane's black boxes, a U.S. Navy official told CNN. The acknowledgment
came Wednesday as searchers wrapped up the first phase of their effort, having scanned 329 square miles
of southern Indian Ocean floor without finding any wreckage from the Boeing 777-200. Authorities now almost
universally believe the pings did not come from the onboard data or cockpit voice recorders but instead came from
some other man-made source unrelated to the jetliner that disappeared on March 8, according to Michael Dean, the Navy's
deputy director of ocean engineering. If the pings had come from the recorders, searchers would have found them, he said.
Dean said "yes" when asked if other countries involved in the search had reached the same conclusions. "Our
best theory at this point is that (the pings were) likely some sound produced by the ship ... or within the electronics of the Towed Pinger
Locator," Dean said. The pinger locator was used by searchers to listen for underwater signals. "Always your fear any time you put electronic
equipment in the water is that if any water gets in and grounds or shorts something out, that you could start producing sound," Dean
explained. He said it is not possible to absolutely exclude that the pings came from the black boxes, but there is no evidence now to suggest
they did. However, a U.S. Navy spokesman called Dean's statement to CNN "speculative and premature." "I am not saying that what Michael
Dean said was inaccurate," said spokesman Christopher Johnston, "but what we are saying is that it is not his place to say it." The Navy is
continuing "to work with our partners to more thoroughly understand the data acquired by the Towed Pinger Locater," according to Johnson.
"As such, we would defer to the Australians, as the lead in the search effort, to make additional information known at the appropriate time,"
Johnson said. Key role in search The pings have played a key role in shaping the search for the plane , which
disappeared on a flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing with 239 people aboard.

Backline cant ever find the plane

( ) Search impossible conditions make the plane too hard to locate.

Jacobs 14
Frank Jacobs is a London-based journalist, MH370 and the Secrets of the Deep, Dark Southern Indian Ocean The Complex,
maintained by Foreign Policy MARCH 26, 2014
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/03/26/mh370_and_the_secrets_of_the_deep_dark_indian_ocean

The southern Indian Ocean is not only remote, but it has worse weather than just about any other
place on the planet. Storms have hampered the search by grounding flights, reducing the usefulness of the
handful of vessels in the area (including an Australian Navy ship and a Chinese icebreaker), and further dispersing and submerging
much of the debris floating on the surface. Storms are the rule rather than the exception in this part of the world, plagued by
the Roaring Forties -- the never-ending winds that howl around 40 degrees latitude south. The weather, combined with the fact that this
zone, just north of Antarctica, is the only place where water can flow around the globe without hitting land,
means that the waves are among the highest in the world. (Surfing is inadvisable.) That these are some of the
deepest parts of the Indian Ocean, with a rugged and volcanic ocean floor, decreases the likelihood that the black
boxes would be retrievable. All of which adds up to an almost impossible race against time: Those black
boxes have limited battery life and will likely stop transmitting around April 7.

A-to Inmarsat = search is in the right spot
( ) Inmarsat data does not mean search is in the right area

Sun Daily 14
Internally quoting Duncan Steel, New Zealand-based space scientist and physicist, Search for MH370 not getting more
complicated, expert claims June 2
nd
, 2014 http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1066103

An expert has said that the search for the missing Malaysia Airlines plane, flight MH370 is not becoming more complicated and that
the search and rescue (SAR) team was looking in the wrong area. New Zealand-based space scientist
and physicist, Duncan Steel, made the remarks in an email interview with Bernama following the latest announcement
by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), which discounted the vicinity of acoustic signals detected previously. "They were never leads
(the claimed acoustic detections). Having discounted them is a good thing, in that it enables other possibilities to be considered," said Steel,
who is also a visiting Professor of Astrobiology at the University of Buckingham, England and a space scientist at NASA-Ames Research Centre in
California, USA. According to him, the sonic pings in the Indian Ocean were obviously (to a physicist) not from the
MH370 emergency locator beacon and that ATSB's announcement was entirely disconnected from the satellite-derived
information. He believed that based on available information from the released raw data, it was most likely that the aircraft headed south at
near 500 knots, and ended up much further south than the current search area. Steel lauded British satellite telecommunications
company, Inmarsat for doing a good job of pulling out the data and analysing it, noting that the Inmarsat analysis
was good. "However, that does not mean I am sure they are correct, because we have not been given vital
information about the composition of the BFOs (Burst Frequency Offsets) and the modelling that Inmarsat performed.

Cant get the black box

( ) If 370 is found, still wont retrieve black box. Cant get answers

Sutherland 14
Scott Sutherland - Science writer for Yahoo! Canada.Even if MH370 is found, investigators face a daunting task in retrieving the
black box Yahoo Canada: Geekquinox Blog April 11th, 2014 https://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/geekquinox/even-mh370-
found-investigators-face-daunting-task-retrieving-223103889.html

Based on the latest reports about missing Malaysian Airlines Flight 370, authorities in charge of the search efforts seem
confident that they've narrowed down the stretch of the Indian Ocean where the airliner likely ended
up. However, even if they pinpoint the exact location of the MH370's black box, actually getting it up to
the surface is not going to be an easy task. The daunting fact of the matter is that this region of the ocean
floor is apparently over 4,500 metres beneath the water's surface. To put that into perspective, all but
the top ten of Canada's tallest mountains (by elevation) would be completely submerged under that
depth of water. Even if you attached eight CN Towers to each other, bases to broadcast antennas, you'd still fall short of reaching the sea
floor by almost 150 metres (the height of Commerce Court North!).

Topography Neg

Frontline
( ) Aquaculture checks impact of overfishing.

Michel & Sticklor 12
David Michel is the Director of the Environmental Security program at The Stimson Center. Russell Sticklor is a Research
Associate with the Environmental Security Program. They are the editors of Indian Ocean Rising: Maritime Security and Policy
Challenges Plenty of Fish in the Sea? Food Security in the Indian Ocean The Diplomat August 24, 2012
http://thediplomat.com/2012/08/plenty-of-fish-in-the-sea-food-security-in-the-indian-ocean/
Yet despite their importance to economic development and food security, Indian Ocean fisheries face significant threats. Growing
stresses include overfishing and illegal fishing, habitat destruction and pollution, and the gathering strains of global warming. Catch
data in many areas are inadequate to evaluate the health of specific stocks, but signs of over-fishing are increasing. In the Eastern Indian Ocean,
landings reached their highest tallies ever in 2010, but more than 40% of catches were classed as unidentified, worrisomely suggesting that
the growing numbers may reflect not sustainable trends but a largely unregulated expansion into new areas and species. In the Western Indian
Ocean, the Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission conducted assessments of 140 species in its area, concluding that 65% of stocks were
fully exploited in 2010, and 29% were overexploited. Illegal and unreported (IU) fishing complicate efforts to effectively monitor and manage
the regions fisheries. A British study of selected species representing about half of the total catch in the Indian Ocean figured that some 16 to
34% of the catches in those stocks were illegal or unreported. IU fishing often occurs at the expense of local fishers. The FAO, for instance,
estimates that 700 foreign vessels were fishing without license in Somali waters over recent years. Tragically, foreign ships were thus likely
illegally removing more protein from Somali waters than they were delivering to Somalia in food aid and famine relief. Myriad other human
pressures increasingly endanger the underlying ecosystems that sustain the regions fisheries. Coastal development for ports, roads, and urban
infrastructure is damaging or demolishing mangroves, coral reefs, and other habitats. Asian coastlines, for example, lost 1.9 million hectares of
mangroves from 1980-2005, while Africa lost another half million. Pollution, destructive fishing practices (such as the use of dynamite and
poisons), coral mining for construction materials, and coral bleaching have already destroyed or critically endanger as much as two-thirds of the
Indian Oceans 12,070 km2 of coral reefs. Oceans are also among the most vulnerable of all environments to continuing global climate change.
As humanity relentlessly pumps greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, the oceans will in turn absorb increasing amounts of carbon dioxide
from the air. Since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, the oceans have taken up 25 to 30% of societys cumulative CO2 emissions. This extra
carbon dioxide alters the oceans chemistry, making it more acidic (measured by a lower pH value). From preindustrial levels, the surface ocean
pH has already fallen by 0.1 units. If emissions continue unabated, acidity levels will tumble another 0.2 to 0.3 points by 2100, a drop 30 to 100
times greater than any previous pH change and at a rate unprecedented in the geological record. By the same token, as climate change warms
global average temperatures, the oceans will also absorb more heat from the atmosphere. Over the past 50 years, the oceans have soaked up
some 90% of the added heat generated by global warming, boosting surface ocean temperatures by about 0.1oC. Oceanic warming and
acidification could significantly impact global fisheries, affecting the physiology, reproduction, and development of individual species as well as
the relations between species and their habitats, food sources, competitors, predators, and pathogens. As the global population swells from 7
billion to 9 billion by mid-century, several studies anticipate that world fish production might have to rise by half from current levels to keep
pace with projected food requirements. Yet available analyses suggest climate change could engender substantial shifts in catch sizes and
locations. Large-scale redistribution of world fish catches could risk creating both winners and losers. One extensive global assessment projects
that maximum catch potentials relative to 2005 levels could increase markedly in much of the Arabian Sea and East African waters. But catch
potentials could also plummet 30 to 50% or more in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, among other areas. Within the Indonesian EEZ, catch
potentials could slip more than 20% by 2055, the largest drop for any country. In the Bay of Bengal, where roughly one third of landings come
from fishing grounds beyond national EEZs open to regional and foreign fleets, the models foresee maximum catches in these same areas
declining up to 50%. Such a sizable shuffle of fishing potential could dramatically alter fisheries practices and food politics around the Indian
Ocean. In the face of such challenges, aquaculture farming fish, shellfish, and other aquatic animals in
captivity is emerging as an increasingly robust alternative source of fish production, expanding
twelve-fold globally since 1980, according to the FAO. The pace of aquaculture development has been uneven around the Indian
Ocean. Fish farming generally proved slower to take root in southeastern Africa than in southeastern Asia, for example. But across the
region as a whole, the sector has helped allay food security concerns in a number of countries. In 2010, six
Indian Ocean nations India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Egypt, and Myanmar counted among the top ten
producers worldwide, providing over 11.3 million tons of fish between them, more than all of regions capture
fisheries combined. Aquaculture is not without its own drawbacks, of course, including the environmental impact fish farms can have
on their surrounding habitats, as well as the rapid transmission of disease between fishes living in such close quarters. Nevertheless,
aquaculture appears poised to become an increasingly important component of food security in the
Indian Ocean region, reflecting a larger global trend. The FAO now expects that aquaculture will soon produce more seafood annually
than wild fisheries for the first time in history. Already well-established in the Eastern Indian Ocean countries, it is the overfished waters of the
western Indian Ocean rim that will likely see the greatest aquaculture growth in the years ahead. Here, export-oriented fish farming from
Mozambique, the Seychelles, and others destined to supply growing markets across Africa, Asia and beyond will furnish yet another thread
knitting Indian Ocean economies and environments more closely together.

( ) Alt Cause pollution, not overfishing, is the real risk to fish-stocks.

Ben-Yami 12
MENAKHEM BEN-YAMI, Dr h.c., is an international fisheries development and management adviser and writer on fisheries
matters. Ben-Yami worked as a Masterfisheman adviser in Eritrea, where he organised fishermens loan fund a credit scheme
based on mutual guaranty groups. He has also served as The Chief of the Israeli Fisheries Technology Unit and, later, Director of
the Fisheries Technology Division, Overfishing? Not quite World Fishing & Aquaculture June 26
th

http://www.worldfishing.net/news101/Comment/ben-yami/overfishing-not-quite#sthash.0fgn9fxm.dpuf

Unfortunately, there's even less in the book about the consequences of pollution, habitat degradation, and
eutrophication on fish production and survival. This is a pity, because it should be obvious what many honest
scientists, such as Dr Tim Adams, a scientist and fishery manager from the Pacific, has been saying for a couple of decades now: "there are
a lot more things affecting fish stocks than just fisheries" and that "the impact on coastal fisheries from
contamination is massive - far greater than all the commercial and recreational catches combined ."

( ) Knowledge isnt the barrier overfishing suffers from enforcement shortfalls.

Potgieter 12
Prof. TD (Thean) Potgieter is currently Chief Director Research and Innovation at PALAMA (Public Administration Leadership
and Management Academy). His previous appointment was as Director of the Centre for Military Studies, Faculty of Military
Science, Stellenbosch University. He is also the Secretary-General of the South African of Military History Commission and is the
recipient of a number of academic and military awards. Maritime security in the Indian Ocean: strategic setting and features
Institute for Security Studies PAPER 236 AUGUST 2012 http://www.issafrica.org/uploads/Paper236.pdf

Problems with IUU fishing can largely be ascribed to insufficient patrolling. Although regional and international
fishery governance bodies exist, it is recognised internationally that there is an urgent need to strengthen the
capacity of these bodies, enforce control measures and enhance cooperation. Maritime security is
closely linked to illegal fishing activities, not only because of its serious impact on environmental security, but also because
illegal fishing vessels are often used to traffic in humans, arms and drugs, as well as for other illicit activities. Since much money is involved,
illegal operators are adept at lying about catches, falsifying customs declarations and circumventing port control measures.
They can even be well armed.

(note: I.U.U. = an acronym for Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing)

( ) Fish stocks resilient to status quo levels of overfishing.

Hilborn 10
Ray Hilborn is a professor of aquatic and fishery sciences at the University of Washington. Apocalypse Forestalled: Why All the
Worlds Fisheries Arent Collapsing The Science Chronicles November
http://www.atsea.org/doc/Hilborn%202010%20Science%20Chronicles%202010-11-1.pdf

About 30 percent of the stocks would currently be classified as overfished but, generally, fishing pressure has been reduced enough that all
but 17 percent of stocks would be expected to recover to above overfished thresholds if current fishing pressure continues. In the United
States, there was clear evidence for the rebuilding of marine ecosystems and stock biomass. The idea that 70 percent of the
worlds fish stocks are overfished or collapsed and that the rate of overfishing is accelerating (Pauly 2007) was shown by
Worm et al. (2009) and FAO (2009) to be untrue. The Science paper coming out of the NCEAS group also showed that the success in
reducing fishing pressure had been achieved by a broad range of traditional fisheries management tools including catch-and-effort
limitation, gear restrictions and temporary closed areas. Marine protected areas were an insignificant factor in the success achieved. The
database generated by the NCEAS group and subsequent analysis has shown that many of the assumptions fueling the
standard apocalyptic scenarios painted by the gloom-and-doom proponents are untrue: For instance, the
widespread notion that fishermen (fisherpeople) generally sequentially deplete food webs (Pauly et al. 1998) starting
with the predators and working their way down is simply not supported by data. Declining trophic level of fishery landings is
just as often a result of new fisheries developing rather than old ones collapsing (Essington et al. 2006). Catch data also show that fishing
patterns are driven by economics, with trophic level a poor predictor of exploitation history (Sethi et al. 2010). Furthermore, the mean trophic
level of marine ecosystems is unrelated to (or even negatively correlated with) the trophic level of fishery landings (Branch et al. 2010). And
the oft-cited assessment that the large fish of the oceans were collapsed by 1980 (Myers and Worm 2003) is
totally inconsistent with the database we have assembled for instance, world tuna stocks in total
are at present well above the level that would produce maximum sustained yield, except bluefin tuna and
some other billfish that are depleted (Hutchings 2010).

Backlines Aquaculture Checks

( ) Aquaculture is growing and fills any gaps causes by overfishing.

Sustainable Business 12
This article quotes Danielle Nierenberg, co-author of the report and director of Worldwatchs Nourishing the Planet project
Aquaculture Rises Another 6% in 2011 SustainableBusiness.com 8/28/2012
http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/24019

The world's insatiable appetite for fish has pushed wild fish populations to their limits and created an
aquaculture industry that's expected to supply 60% of the world's fish supply in just 8 years, reports
Worldwatch Institute. Over the past five years, human fish consumption grew 14.4% with Asia
consuming at least two-thirds of that. In 2011, global fish production reached a record high of 154 million tons. As a result,
wild fish stocks are at a "dangerously unsustainable level," says Worldwatch. Wild capture accounted for 90.4 million tons of the
fish consumed in 2011, up 2% from 2010. Almost 60% of the world's fisheries are fully exploited - they can't produce any more fish than we are
currently harvesting. And aquaculture is expected to fill that gap by 2020.

Aquaculture is sufficient to check famine impacts.

Adone 13
(Adone Magazine Aquaculture June 19
th
http://adonemagazine.com/article/aquaculture#.U6Ej6CjcBXL)

Environmental sustainability has become an important issue in recent years. Part of keeping a sustainable environment is
having sustainable seafood without harming natural aquatic life. Aquaculture, if conducted sustainably, can
help to alleviate demand of wild fish stocks and provide healthy protein options where different
sources may be scarcer. Protecting our aquatic environment means ensuring that fisheries maintain certain regulations of cleanliness
and safety in order to keep farmed fish and shellfish healthy and sustainable. With overfishing being one of the largest risks
to the worlds oceans, aquaculture ensures that sustainable seafood can be readily available while
protecting natural aquatic life.

Backlines Knowledge not key, enforcement is

( ) Enforcement impossible no IOR regional enforcement mechanism exists.

A.I.I. 13
(The Australia India Institute, Task Force on Indian Ocean Security editor and principal contributor is Dr. Dennis Rumley is an
Associate Professor at the University of Western Australia.[1] He gained a PhD in political geography at the University of British
Columbia. He is chairperson of the Indian Ocean Research Group Inc. He is also Chief Editor of The Journal of the Indian Ocean
Region. The Indian Ocean Region: Security, Stability and Sustainability in the 21st Century March 2013
http://www.aii.unimelb.edu.au/sites/default/files/IndianOceanSecurityTaskforce.pdf.)
From a regional security perspective, it seems that in the IOR there is a mismatch between regional structure and
regional function. There is no regional organisation that can deal with a wide array of environmental security
problems, nor is there a forum within which problems of maritime security, for example, can be discussed
among all relevant stakeholders.

(Note: IOR is an acronym standing for Indian Ocean Region)

Backline global fish stocks resilient

( ) Fish stocks resilient. Wont be a horror story, theyll recover quickly.

Dean 12
CORNELIA DEAN Guest Lecturer in Environmental Studies @ the Center for Environmental Studies at Brown University. She is
also a science writer for the New York Times. This card is internally quoting Ray Hilborn is a professor of aquatic and fishery
sciences at the University of Washington. How Well, and How Poorly, We Harvest Ocean Life New York Times April 16,
2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/17/science/overfishing-book-review-how-well-and-poorly-we-harvest-ocean-
life.html

To hear some other people tell it, many depleted stocks are recovering nicely. Ray Hilborn, a fisheries scientist at the
University of Washington, wades into this disagreement in his new book and comes out with a lucid explication of a highly tangled issue. Each
argument, he concludes, has some truth on its side. It depends on where you look, he writes. You can paint horror story after
horror story if you want. You can paint success after success. He navigates the path between horror and success through scores of
questions and answers, nearly all of which demonstrate how difficult it is to sort this issue out. Take the most basic question: What is
overfishing? There are several answers, the book tells us. There is yield overfishing, in which people take so many fish that they leave too few
to spawn or catch too many fish before they are grown. Then there is economic overfishing, in which economic benefits are less than they
could be. If too many boats chase too few fish, for example, the struggle to make a good catch leads to overspending on boats, fuel and so on.
(There is also ecological overfishing, but that is something we must live with as long as we want to eat fish, Dr. Hilborn says. Fishing by
definition alters the marine environment.) Dr. Hilborn tells us of fisheries that succeed like the halibut industry in Alaska
and fish stocks managed into difficulty, and then out again, like the pollock of the Bering Sea. And he gets into the issue
of trawling, in which boats drop weighted nets to the bottom and drag them along, scraping up everything in their path. Critics liken
trawling to harvesting timber by clear-cutting. For Dr. Hilborn, this analogy is not always apt, since in
some areas the creatures rapidly repopulate the ocean floor.

( ) Aff exaggerates stocks are resilient in the face of over-fishing

Hilborn 11
Ray Hilborn is a professor of aquatic and fishery sciences at the University of Washington. New York Times Let Us Eat Fish
April 14, 2011 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/15/opinion/15hilborn.html?_r=2&ref=opinion&

Over the last decade the public has been bombarded by apocalyptic predictions about the future of
fish stocks in 2006, for instance, an article in the journal Science projected that all fish stocks could be gone
by 2048. Subsequent research, including a paper I co-wrote in Science in 2009 with Boris Worm, the lead author of the 2006 paper, has
shown that such warnings were exaggerated. Much of the earlier research pointed to declines in catches and concluded that
therefore fish stocks must be in trouble. But there is little correlation between how many fish are caught and how many actually exist; over the
past decade, for example, fish catches in the United States have dropped because regulators have lowered the allowable catch. On
average, fish stocks worldwide appear to be stable, and in the United States they are rebuilding, in many cases at a
rapid rate.

Topicality

T Plan is not exploration 1NC
A Interpretation:
Exploration is a pure venture into the unknown. It has to occur without controlled
expectation.

Ocean Policy Committee quoting Wooster 82
Wooster is an Emeritus Professor and former Professor of marine studies and fisheries at the School of Marine Affairs of the
University of Washington. The Ocean Policy Committee is a sub-section of the National Research Council The National
Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science
and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council
operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of
1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become
the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the
conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered
jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine
were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences. From the Book: United
States Interests and Needs in the Coordination of International Oceanographic Research p. 2-3 internally quoting Warren S.
Wooster, School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle. "The Contribution of Exploration to Marine Sciences,"
lecture presented at the 68th Statutory Meeting of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, 6
October 1980

To understand the present arrangements for conducting U.S. oceanographic research in distant waters, it is necessary first to consider the goals
of such research. What interests do U.S. oceanographers pursue through international research programs? Why should the United States
government be concerned with renewing impediments to such research by securing the rights of oceanographers to study in waters under the
jurisdiction of other countries? Why oust U.S. oceanographic research programs be developed cooperatively with other countries? The answers
to these questions are determined largely by the nature of oceanic phenomena. Large-scale, complex relationships exist between the physical,
chemical, biological, geological, and geophysical characteristics of the ocean and between the ocean and the atmosphere. Because many
important oceanic processes are global or regional, they cannot be studied or understood fully through research carried out in any single
location. Oceanography is primarily a field science dependent upon exploration. As Warren Wooster put its Exploration
differs from experimentation . Much of science is dominated by the experimentalists who work on
problems of a scale and simplicity that permit confinement within the boundaries of controlled experiments . The
experimental approach is powerful and often can give reasonably unequivocal results. In the environmental sciences,
on the other hand, scales are greater, at times with the dimensions of the globe, interactions and nonlinearities dominate, and
experiments are no longer subject to the investigator's control.

B Plan violates.
Aff is a not a venture for pure learning of the unknown. Its an targeted search for
specific plane. Exploration cant be hypothesis-driven in that manner.

Ban 12
Raymond J. Ban Chair, NOAA Science Advisory Board Ocean Exploration and Research Review Transmittal Letter
November 26, 2012 http://www.sab.noaa.gov/Reports/OER_Review_TransmittalLetter_Final.pdf.

I am pleased to transmit to you the following report from the Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) Program review. This review was conducted under the Science
Advisory Board Ocean Exploration Advisory Working Group (OEAWG) as per its terms of reference. The review panel found that the OER Program
has had impressive successes in science, mapping, data management, education, politics, and diplomacy.
However, there remain vast unexplored regions of the ocean. The panels major finding is there is undiminished motivation for ocean exploration research.
The panel affirmed that ocean exploration is distinct from comprehensive surveys and at-sea research,
including hypothesis-driven investigations aimed at the ocean bottom, artifacts, water column, and marine life.

C Voting Issue
First limits.
Their interpretation allows the Aff to seek with any specific goal in mind find a
plane, survey particular animals, or have satellites look for illegal activity from any
port on Earth. The topic is already huge. Limits are key to fairness and depth of
discussion.

Two precision.
Our ev explicitly excludes surveys aimed at the oceans floor. Precision is key to real
world understanding and drawing sharp line for inclusion and exclusion.

Kritik

Note

This version of the K is fairly specific but can be made to apply to a host of Affs on the topic. My early
sense is that many Affs will blur the line by using military assets or engaging in missions with clear
military overtones.

This K is an example of where the Neg could go in those spots.

1NC Shell
Next Off is: The Military Cloak.
Plan uses military assets on a non-military mission. This serves as cover to expand
Western imperial violence.

Kirk & Fukushima 14
(et al; Gwyn Kirk, Ph.D. is a scholar-activist concerned with gender, racial and environmental justice in the service of genuine
security and a sustainable world. She has taught courses in womens studies, environmental studies, political science, and
sociology at US universities and colleges. Kirk is a founding member of the International Womens Network Against Militarism, a
lifetime member of the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom, and a Partner with Women for Genuine
Security. Annie Isabel Fukushima, Ph.D., received her Ph.D. in Ethnic Studies with a Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender &
Sexuality Studies at the University of California Berkeley. Currently she is an adjunct lecturer in Peace & Conflict Studies at the
University of California, Berkeley (summer 2013) and will be the Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Associate with Womens and
Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Disaster relief has increasingly become part of the justification for increased U.S. troop
deployments in the Asia-Pacific region published at many websites, including this one, The Nation and Foreign Policy in Focus
Published at this particular site on March 16
th
http://limitlesslife.wordpress.com/category/disaster/)
Military Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations, such as Operation Damayan in the
Philippines in 2013 and Operation Tomodachi (Friend) in Japan in 2011, have showcased the U.S. militarys helpfulness,
legitimize d its presence , and soften ed its image . Charles-Antoine Hofmann and Laura Hudson, researching this topic for
the British Red Cross, note several factors driving the growing military interest in responding to disasters. Assisting relief efforts, they
observed, can improve the militarys image and provide training opportunities. It is also a way for the military to
diversify its role when armed forces face budget cuts. Disaster relief has also become part of the justification for
increased U.S. troop deployments in the Asia-Pacific regioneven as the new military basing component of the Pacific
Pivot has met with strong opposition in Okinawa, Japan and Jeju, South Korea. This massive permanent presence in the Asia-
Pacific region has enabled the U.S. military to be the first and fastest to respond to sudden calamity.
The Pacific Command boasts 330,000 personnel (one-fifth of all U.S. forces), 180 ships, and 2,000 aircraft in an area that spans half the earths
surface and is home to half the earths population. Disaster relief is not the militarys primary mission, role, or area of expertise. Nevertheless,
disaster response missions facilitate military expansion and dominance. Yoshiyuki Uehara, the vice-governor of Okinawa at the time of the
earthquake and tsunami, has opposed the plan to construct a new offshore U.S. Marine base on the island. I hope we stop glorifying Operation
Tomodachi, he warned. Our gratitude *for U.S. military assistance after the earthquake and tsunami+ and U.S. military base problems are
separate issues. The core of Operation Tomodachi was Joint Task Force 519 from the United States Pacific Command. Arguably, the
response to disaster was a perfect opportunity for the United States to demonstrate to China that an
immediate U.S.-Japan joint military operation was possible. The United States spent $80 million for this operation. Less than
three weeks after the Fukushima disaster, Japan promised to increase its Host Nation Support from three to five years and to pay 188 million
yen annually for U.S. military facilities in the country. The U.S. government used the rhetoric of disaster militarism to justify Japans dependence
on U.S. military forces and the high concentration of U.S. bases in tiny Okinawa. The Okinawa Times argued that this was a clear political
exploitation of the earthquake disaster. This was not the first time that disaster relief was used to further larger
geopolitical and military goals. The rapid mobilization of assistance using military capabilities from the United
States, Japan, India, and Australia in the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami set the ball rolling for a four-way
security dialogue a few years later, former Australian diplomat Rory Metcalf has argued. Just weeks after Typhoon Haiyan,
meanwhile, the Philippine and U.S. governments were touting relief efforts as justification for the need
for a new long-term agreement for greater bilateral military cooperation and an increased U.S. military presence in the
Philippines (the Philippine constitution currently bans permanent troops and bases). Washington has used disaster
militarism as additional leverage to pressure the Philippine government to accept a mutual defense
agreement.

This thesis is specifically holds in the search for Flight 370. Its uses humanitarianism
to cloak military expansion.

Seed 14
Tony journalist/publisher, longtime political activist, and coordinator of a popular weblog --The mystery of Malaysia Airlines
Flight MH370: Obamas Asia Pivot April 12, 2014 https://tonyseed.wordpress.com/2014/04/12/the-mystery-of-malaysia-
airlines-flight-mh370-obamas-asia-pivot/#more-8568

The politicization and manipulation of what is being termed data analysis raises legitimate questions. How is that U.S. military is very
involved, perhaps even directly calling the shots for the Malaysian forces in a geopolitically sensitive area, and has formed an International
Working Group. Twenty-six countries, 43 ships and 58 planes are involved, but it is the Anglo-American NATO allies that
are at the core. It has supplanted Malaysia, which has responsibility for the search under international
aviation law. Australia has been designated lead state under the pretext that the competent organs of the Asian state are
overwhelmed and simply not up to scratch and that data analysis places the lost aircraft off the west coast of Australia. With daily press
briefings, the prime minister of Australia, Tony Abbott, has emerged as the human face of the militarized aid. The number of U.S.
agencies involved in the search for the Boeing 777 aircraft is described as unprecedented since the terrorist
attacks in September 2001: the Seventh Pacific Fleet, Pacific Command (now based in Japan), FBI, CIA, the Pentagon and Interpol are all very
involved. It is worth recalling that immediately that after the catastrophic Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 26, 2004 the
Bush regime tried to set up a similar group with Australia, Indonesia, Japan and Canada to militarize aid, interfere in
sovereign countries in the name of providing aid, and eliminate the United Nations.[ii] International
condemnation forced Bush to drop the plan shortly thereafter, which was assumed by the United Nations.
This time the central aim is to present the involvement of the vast military forces of the U.S. Seventh Fleet and
intelligence agencies and their expansion in South and East Asia as a form of humanitarian intervention
and something to be accepted as normal , routine and vital. The 24/7 mystery covers up that, regardless of the origin or
nature of the tragedy, the U.S. and its allies, including Canada, are part and parcel of Obamas Pivot Strategy to move
more U.S. troops and military assets from around the world into East Asia to threaten China and the Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea (DPRK) and to establish U.S. hegemony in East Asia. The Malacca Straits is one of the major sea
lanes in the world connecting the oil-rich West Asia and the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea and East Asia. Furthermore, as part
of its Asia Pivot strategy, Obama, during his state visit to Australia in November 2011, revealed a hitherto unknown agreement to the surprise
of Australians that allows the United States to station some 2,500 U.S. Marines in Darwin, a remote port on the northern coast and the closest
to the Peoples Republic of China.*iii+ An expanded U.S. military base in Australia and the extension of NATO into the South Pacific and Indian
Ocean is deemed vital for the implementation of this strategy. The Australian government does not defend the rights of its people. Australia is a
hub of the Echelon communications-intercept network with the U.S., Canada and Britain. The U.S. is increasing its combat capacities in the
coastal regions of East Asia as well as building or renting new military bases in Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Vietnam and Guam to
improve its rapid response ability. Only on March 23 did the Wall Street Journal note the first public indication of the U.S. intelligence
communitys prominent role, which was data analysis. The curious timing of the revelation seemed to justify the newly-formed International
Working Group. Criminal indictment of the humanitarianism of self-serving powers The search is characterized by a turf
war of mutual suspicions amongst rivals and an indifferent business as usual attitude amongst
participating military and intelligence agencies as they work out the modus operandi of the militarized working group. One of
the central objectives seems to be to institutionalize and make permanent the ad hoc crisis group. The
revelations in the Wall Street Journal and other news agencies are a criminal indictment of the humanitarianism
of these self-serving powers: Australian officials didnt initially fully identify the origin of the images and didnt mention any U.S. or
U.K. involvement. A spokeswoman for the Pentagons National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), which has nearly 15,000 employees and
provides imagery for a wide range of U.S. military and intelligence uses, declined to comment. a centralized U.K. analysis center didnt
review them for three days due to the significant volume of imagery it was handling. The extent of the involvement of the American and
British intelligence agencies has given the countries participating in the search more confidence that they are pursuing the strongest leads so
far. *The Pentagons NGA+ is part of a network, dubbed five eyes that shares imagery and other intelligence among close allies. Under this
practice, NGA often takes the lead in collecting and analyzing imagery for a group of the four other participants, according to a former high-
ranking intelligence official. Those countries are Canada, Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand. From the first day the jetliner dropped off
civilian radar, however, Malaysia, Thailand, China and other countries in the region appeared reluctant to share radar or other surveillance data
out of concern about revealing the full capabilities of their national systems. But that has been changing.[iv] Want China Times, Taiwan[v] also
reported: The United States has taken advantage of the search for the missing Malaysia Airlines flight to test the
capabilities of Chinas satellites and judge the threat of Chinese missiles against its aircraft carriers, reports our sister paper Want
Daily. Erich Shih, chief reporter at Chinese-language military news monthly Defense International, said the U.S. has more and better satellites
but has not taken part in the search for flight MH370, which disappeared about an hour into its flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing in the early
hours of March 8 with 239 people on board. Shih claimed that the U.S. held back because it wanted to see what information Chinas satellites
would provide.

Such military humanitarianism ensures endless global violence in the name of
imperial protection.

GROVOGUI 13
Professor Siba N. GROVOGUI, Department of Political Science, The Johns Hopkins University The Missing Human
Intervention, Human Security, and Empire Jun 6, 2013 -
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CEYQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwiser.wits.ac.za
%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcivicrm%2Fcustom%2FGrovogui_The_Missing_Human_9f9a18a669741ee718ed991ab3a2e739.
pdf&ei=_s-fU7DVEYGbyASHt4KAAg&usg=AFQjCNFSsgdgQLJrMtuYR9yc_fvMnatB6A

The time-space-truth relationship describe above sets up a secondary relationship, one of authority, in which the property and propriety of the relation
between the West and other regions is that the former legislate and execute the will of the human, via institutions extending
beyond discreet political boundaries, while the latter ascend to the will of the former as a (necessary) requirement of international
morality. Hence, pace Michel Foucault (2003) and Carlo Galli (2010), humanitarianism has been internalized (or is constantly memorialized)
in the West politically and ideologically as the fulfillment of the promise of the West to itself and to others. In actuality,
however, again pacing Foucault and Galli, humanitarianism appears as political theology, one in which the mandate to
preserve and preserve dignified life as well as improve life chances may mean to defend the human against the enemy of the
human and the non-human: ranging from heathens to pirates, privateers, terrorists, rogue states, etc.. The identification of the enemy and the non-human has
depended historically on the political and ideological requirements of the human realm as defined hegemons: those sovereign powers that can minister and dictate
to presumptively equal sovereign powers (Heller-Roazen 2009). In any case, the non-human may be said to irredeemable, an entity stuck in time in traditions that
are regressive and yet irreversible. Under humanitarian theology, the non-human therefore cannot be saved from the past and must be contained as such lest it
contaminate the present. This category comprises primitives, barbarians, heathens, and like backward entities which must eliminated only upon failure to
convert or espouse the extant normative regimes. By contrast, the enemy of the human would be one that refuses to accept the promise of regeneration and
deliverance contained in the institutions offered by the sovereign-as-predicator as the ultimate condition of the future of the human. The life of the enemy of the
human is understood to the boundaries of state territory and morality or criminality. According to Daniel Heller-Roazen, the enemy of all, is neither criminal nor a
foreign opponent, nor even a lawful enemy at war (ibid. passim). He lives without good faith and cannot show fidelity to that to which he agrees. Speaking of the
pirate, Heller-Rozen maintains that for the above reason, the pirate falls outside the circle of obligations that binds lawful communities and therefore nothing is
owed to the pirate (ibid. passim). For these and other reasons, historically, pirates, privateers, and todays terrorists, warlords, and the like have been confronted
for the purpose of elimination. Their preservation adds little to the dignity of life because they incapable of moral regeneration and civil intercourse. Post-Cold
War humanitarian law further legitimized this right of the sovereign to kill the enemy of the human on behalf of
humanity by insertion a so-called responsibility to protect as right of hegemonic powers to intervene alongside their will to dominate. To
its defenders among humanitarian activists, the insertion of the responsibility to intervene between power and truth, hegemony and
Western universalism, was not intended as license to imperial intervene everywhere ; but the responsibility to
protect as mandate opened the door to a right and corresponding discursive techniques and mechanisms of power that re-introduced
imperialism as legitimate exercise of authority in the international order. In theory, the responsibility to protect emerges in correlation
with human security as the principle end of humanitarianism. It is articulated as a shared duty to act on behalf of the defenseless. This duty implies two distinct
senses of responsibility of which one is stated and the other implied. The responsibility to protect explicitly places the fate of the defenseless presumed to be
innocent in the custody of the international community or its constituted trustees. What the allowed doctrine of responsibility to protect does not stipulate but is
necessarily implied is the obligation of the transgressors, sovereign or not, to submit to the mandates of the former so long as the end be to redress the extant
condition that prompted intervention. However, while the responsibility to protect stipulates a doctrine of accountability of sovereigns as its basis, a useful
doctrinal aporia dispenses the intervening sovereigns from accountability. In practice, therefore, the justifications and means of interventions deployed by the
savior-protectors are self-sufficient and exonerative of any kinds of culpability. Indeed, the self-generated terms of intervention advanced by todays hegemons at
the moment of intervention whether interventions are preventive, retributive, and restorative actions, or else often suffice as justification, rationalization, and
vindication of humanitarianism. This situation has led to instrumentalization of humanitarian intervention in contexts where the
West is both party and adjudicator of conflicts. As happened recently in Libya and Cote dIvoire , for
instance, the responsibility to protect lead to dubious classificatory schemes of violence and human insecurity
under which unsympathetic leaders were removed from power even as others who committed the
same offenses (for instance rulers of Yemen and Bahrain) received technical and material assistance to remain in power.

Reject imperial motivations they promote violence and destroy all dignity

GROVOGUI 13

It is my thesis that, notwithstanding protestations among natural law theorists and their post-Enlightenment adepts, the discourse of human
security is at once constitutive and constituent of modern humanitarianism which appears in tandem with conquest, colonization, imperialism,
and colonialism. Specifically, modern humanitarianism appears toward the end of the 16th century when Christian theology could no longer
provide the language and imaginaries necessary to the management of public and private lives, particularly in the New World. Here, for
instance, adventurers and settlers encountered new peoples, fauna, flora, and therefore ecologies, unimaginable within biblical texts and their
derivative theologies. Nor could theology properly guide the relationships between the newcomers and their host communities: plunder,
warfare, displacement, and the necessary destruction of existing life-forms to give way to new institutions, practices, and moral orders.
Humanitarianism emerged in this context as concern for human welfare followed mandates to perverse the integrity of
the life worth living; that is life associated with property, the rule of law, orderliness. The latter was signified by adherence to
the principles of the extant international order and Western-instigated normative regimes. From this moment onward, the
life worth preserving had been envisaged theologically and/or ideologically to be one that is actually conversant, or one
that may be converted to be conversant, in the constitutional, ethical, and moral predicates of the international order and Western
hegemony. In sum, despite its pretentions to universalism and transcendentalism, modern humanitarianism subordinated
human dignity, human life, and, therefore, the legitimacy of the social, cultural, and physical environment of human
activities to the Western desire to reign over the species and to define life itself and its subjects.

Our Alt supports local capacities coordinated outside the US military. These human-
security approaches are better than militarized security approaches.

Kirk & Fukushima 14
(et al; Gwyn Kirk, Ph.D. is a scholar-activist concerned with gender, racial and environmental justice in the service of genuine
security and a sustainable world. She has taught courses in womens studies, environmental studies, political science, and
sociology at US universities and colleges. Kirk is a founding member of the International Womens Network Against Militarism, a
lifetime member of the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom, and a Partner with Women for Genuine
Security. Annie Isabel Fukushima, Ph.D., received her Ph.D. in Ethnic Studies with a Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender &
Sexuality Studies at the University of California Berkeley. Currently she is an adjunct lecturer in Peace & Conflict Studies at the
University of California, Berkeley (summer 2013) and will be the Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Associate with Womens and
Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Disaster relief has increasingly become part of the justification for increased U.S. troop
deployments in the Asia-Pacific region published at many websites, including this one, The Nation and Foreign Policy in Focus
Published at this particular site on March 16
th
http://limitlesslife.wordpress.com/category/disaster/)

There is certainly an urgent need for disaster preparedness, with trained emergency personnel in local
communities as well as international teams. The first responders in disasters are families, neighbors, community groups, professional
organizations, churches, international humanitarian organizations, and governments. Resources should go to these local
institutions to strengthen their capacity to respond to disasters and continue the work when emergency
teams have all gone home. Padayon sa Pag-laum (Hope After Haiyan or WEDPRO) and other local Philippine organizations focus their
relief efforts on the needs of the most vulnerable sectors of society, especially women and children. Their longer-term goal is to co-
create solutions for a more resilient, more sustainable, and more inclusive future for the communities affected by
the typhoon. Nor should we wait for climate disasters to hit before we respond. Long-term and sustained resources should be made
available ahead of time, especially to countries like the Philippines that experience typhoons on a regular basis. This would make for
greater local independence in allocating relief resources. It would also lessen dependency on military
operations . World military expenditure totaled a massive $1.75 trillion in 2012, with the United States and its
allies responsible for the vast majority. These expenditures, which have made disaster militarism such a
prominent feature of humanitarian relief operations, have not created more security for individuals,
nations, or the planet. The alternative approach , human security, requires a physical environment that can support life,
guarantees peoples material needs for livelihood, food, and shelter, and protects people and the environment from avoidable
harm. To minimize the impact of climate disastersand reduce the contributing factors to the uptick in hurricanes, typhoons, and big storms
the disaster militarism model must give way to the human security model as soon as possible.

Backlines 370 specific links
( ) Search for Flight 370 strengthen US imperialism in Asia.

Seed 14
Tony journalist/publisher, longtime political activist, and coordinator of a popular weblog --The mystery of Malaysia Airlines
Flight MH370: Obamas Asia Pivot April 12, 2014 https://tonyseed.wordpress.com/2014/04/12/the-mystery-of-malaysia-
airlines-flight-mh370-obamas-asia-pivot/#more-8568

The central thesis propagated by the stream-of-consciousness reporting and commentary under the pretext of continuing our analysis is
the justification of the involvement of U.S. imperialism and its aggressive and militaristic expansion in South and
East Asia. The whole outlook of the non-stop TV news is centred around confusing and mystifying this aspect. American intelligence, security and aviation
experts many with undisclosed but discernible links with the military-industrial complex are paraded through successive broadcasts 24/7 as the judges of the
continuing analysis, before whom the waiting world should fold their hands and wait in bewilderment for their verdict. Humanitarian search-and-rescue
operations must be coordinated and carried out under the auspices of the United Nations. It has the duty and responsibility to work with the government of the
affected country, in full respect of that countrys sovereignty, to coordinate international resources and search-and-rescue efforts on a non-partisan basis and assist
victims of disasters wherever they may be. It is of grave concern to Canadians, the families of the passengers and crew, and peace loving
people the world over that the U.S., Japan (the U.S. closest economic and military ally in East Asia), Britain and Canada are sending
military forces into the disaster area in the name of humanitarian intervention to serve their own
interests. Militarizing the search operation in the case of the Malaysia Airlines Flight MH 370 is to strengthen the
hand of the United States. This is the last thing that the families of the missing passengers or the rest
of the world want. Our hearts are with them.

( ) US involvement in the search is cover for cracking-down on China.

Astro Awani 14
MH370: Search for plane showcases US military presence, diplomacy in Asia March 19, 2014
http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/mh370-search-for-plane-showcases-us-military-presence-diplomacy-in-asia-32074

The expanding search for a missing Malaysian passenger plane has provided the Pentagon with an
opportunity to showcase its Pacific presence in a region where its planned expansion has been stymied by shrinking budgets
and pushback from China. Having dedicated sophisticated Navy ships and aircraft to the search, the U.S. military
is casting itself as a benign actor capable of working cooperatively with Beijing in a part of the world where it is attempting to
strengthen alliances and put its rival on notice. Sailors aboard the USS Kidd, a destroyer that had been conducting a security mission in the
South China Sea, were excited to get pulled into the search last week. "The crew bought into this mission right from the start," Cmdr. T.J. Zerr,
the ship's executive officer, said in a phone interview Sunday night. "For all of us onboard, if one of our family members were on that plane, we
would hope that anyone with the capabilities of our ships and aircraft would give anything they have to find it. That's the spirit we've gone into
this mission with." Sailors onboard the Kidd, which is currently surveying stretches of the Indian Ocean, have been working long hours searching
for debris from the plane from the deck of the boat as well as the vantage point of its high-tech scanning devices and helicopters. U.S. sailors
have spotted suspected plane debris daily over the past week in the busy maritime corridor, which is heavily transited by fishermen and
commercial vessels, Zerr said. A large yellow item that had seemed like a promising lead turned out to be a tarp, likely left behind by a
fisherman, Zerr said. Buoys have also raised false alarms. The search for Malaysian Airlines 370, which is being led by the Malaysian
government, currently involves more than two dozen nations, including China, which had 154 citizens onboard. Zerr said Malaysian officials
have done a decent job of directing the search teams, which have been at the mercy of an investigation riddled with conflicting clues and
sinister theories. "Without a well-positioned area for a search, it's a challenge," said Zerr. But his team has been relentless, the commander
noted. Sailors who normally are not required to perform deck observation duties have been volunteering for the assignments and the crew is
logging fewer hours of sleep than usual. "We'll get rest when we can," he said. "We're all committed to this." Besides the USS Kidd, the Navy
has contributed the USS Pinckney and a long-range maritime patrol aircraft. The missing airliner is the second recent crisis that has
given the U.S. military an opportunity to demonstrate its rescue and relief capabilities in the Pacific. The U.S.
deployed aircraft and ships to assist victims of the November 2013 typhoon in the Philippines. The Obama administration
unveiled its strategy to "pivot" or rebalance its military and diplomatic efforts toward Asia in 2011, in an
effort to foment stronger ties with several growing economies in the region. A bigger American role in Asia is also widely
seen as a response to China's accelerated military growth and a deterrent to North Korea's nuclear arsenal.

Backlines Soft power link Neg
The plan is just a rouse to build US soft power for future military objectives.

Bagayoko 8
Niagale Bagayoko is a political scientist who has done research on security sector reform in francophone African countries and
led field research in Central African Republic, Cameroon, Mali and Senegal. She has also studied interagency and multilateral
processes in post-conflict environments as well as sub-regional security mechanisms in West Africa (ECOWAS). She has carried
out extensive research on the impact of Western security policies (France, United States, European Union) on African conflict-
management mechanisms. State, non-state and multilateral logics of action in post-conflict environments Working Paper
series - Global Consortium on Security Transformation #6 December
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCYQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operatio
nspaix.net%2FDATA%2FDOCUMENT%2F4976~v~State_Non-State_and_Multilateral_Logics_of_Action_in_Post-
Conflict_Environments.pdf&ei=_QejU_WTC-Xt8AGI5oHwDg&usg=AFQjCNHDH8y20WnsuNKVziu5uSE_tygszA

However, beyond this traditional approach, military intervention in the humanitarian field is increasingly being
connected to more political logics. From about fifteen years ago, the humanitarian field has become a political and strategic stake.
Political actors are knowingly invoking humanitarian action as a tool for crisis management. Increasingly, politics view
humanitarian action as a political instrument that can provide legitimacy to states policies. US military
action in Indonesia following the tsunami is a telling example, as the United States Pacific Command (USPACOM)
mobilized contingencies to bring humanitarian assistance to devastated regions. According to US officials, this allowed the image of
the US to be restored, showing Muslim countries that the US did not hesitate in helping a country that is home to the largest Muslim
population in the world. Humanitarian assistance in that case aimed not only at helping populations affected
by a natural disaster, but also at widening American soft power. Beyond this example, the Provincial
Reconstruction Team (PRT) in Afghanistan and the Disaster Assistance Response Teams (DART) in Iraq show that humanitarian
intervention is increasingly seen as a "force multiplier" in some American politico-military circles. The
armed forces of other western armies are ceaselessly called on to directly assume humanitarian work within the framework of the CIMIC
doctrine or to provide visible support to NGOs.

Proof that Orion and CURV-21 are military assests
( ) Plan uses Orion sonar. Thats a military asset.

Phoenix International 13
Phoenix International is an experienced marine services contractor providing underwater engineering and operational solutions
to customer requirements worldwide. PHOENIX RECOVERS U.S. AIR FORCE F-16 For Immediate Release January 3, 2013
www.phnx-international.com/news/Phoenix_Recovers_USAF_F-16.pdf

Phoenix International Holdings, Inc. (Phoenix) announces the successful underwater search and recovery of a U.S. Air Force F-16 aircraft from over 16,400 feet of
sea water (fsw). In early August 2012, at the direction of the Naval Sea Systems Commands Director of Ocean Engineering, Supervisor of Salvage and Diving
(SUPSALV), Phoenix mobilized the Navys ORION deepwater side scan sonar system, the CURV 21 remotely operated
vehicle (ROV), and the Navys motion compensated, 30,000 pound Fly-Away Deep Ocean Salvage System (FADOSS). All equipment was transported
over land from Phoenixs facility in Largo, Maryland to Dover Air Force Base in Delaware. From there, military transport aircraft moved the equipment to Hawaii,
where the gear was loaded aboard USNS Navajo (T-ATF 169).

( ) Curv-21 is also a naval asset.

Lamothe 14
Dan Lamothe is an award-winning military journalist and war correspondent. He has written for Marine Corps Times and the
Military Times newspaper chain since 2008, traveling the world and writing extensively about the Afghanistan war both from
Washington and the war zone. He also has reported from Norway, Spain, Germany, the Republic of Georgia and while
underway with the U.S. Navy. Among his scoops, Lamothe reported exclusively in 2010 that the Marine Corps had
recommended that Marine Cpl. Dakota Meyer receive the Medal of Honor. The Complex, maintained by Foreign Policy
The Complex Pentagons Growing Fleet of Underwater Drones Could Find Missing Airline MARCH 26
th
, 2014
http://complex.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2014/03/26/pentagon_s_growing_fleet_of_underwater_drones_could_find_missing_
airline

The current fleet includes a 6,400-pound underwater craft (pictured above) that allows the Navy to dissect
undersea wreckage. It's known in military-speak as the CURV-21, short for cable-controlled undersea recovery
vehicle. The eight-foot long, five-foot wide craft is equipped with sonar, and uses seven hand-like manipulators to pick through salvage while
recording images on a high-resolution digital still camera and several television cameras, Navy officials said. It can operate up to
20,000 feet under water.

A-to Perm
( ) The militarized State is not capable of genuine humanitarianism. Perm will always
get co-opted.

GROVOGUI 13

Like humanitarianism from which it flows, human security is in the first instance a moral good. It results from the
desire to protect and to create conditions for the preservation and possibility human activities suitable to life. As policy , the
historical aim of human security has been to advocate for a normative order based on an historic or
hegemonic notion of legitimate life and allowable life-forms. Hence, whether oriented toward salvation,
economic wellbeing, or political emancipation, discussions of the modes of implementation has eluded the
political relations that underpin intervention, and/or the effected constitutional orders that underpin the norms of human
security. In the literature as elsewhere, the merit of policy has been evaluated often on the basis of the mere
proclamation of a desire to act responsibly in the service of brethren in need. The cases of the encomienda, Congo, and the
mandate system suggest that the idea of humanitarian assistance has been instrumentalized beyond any utility to perversion and worse. There
are many lingering questions that follow. The first is why even in the absence of a crude political usurpation or imperial ambition,
humanitarian interventions are inherently rolled into political ideologies and geo-political aims that
eventually debase, degrade, and/or destroy life? There are many answers to this question. The one favored by aspiring
interventionists is to fault individual powers (for instance the Spanish monarchy at the time of the encomiendas), or individual agents (the
conquistadors or King Leopold II), or even particular institutions (the imperfections of the mandate system including the absence of
accountability). My preferred answer, which appears as a question, is whether any sovereign power, state, or
institution is capable of fulfilling its life-preserving and life-ennobling functions if it proceeds from the presumption that
it and not the afflicted, needy, or desiring knows the contours of life worth living. Another question is what to do to prevent such
instrumentalism of humanitarianism and the perverse political institutions and economic practices that enable them.

Backline Alt
( ) Our Alt solves by critiquing military humanitarianism and placing the search in a
purely civilian realm.

Moore 2K
David Moore teaches Economic History and Development Studies at the University of Natal in Durban. Economic History and
Development Studies University of Natal at Durban Working Paper No. 24: Humanitarian agendas, state reconstruction and
democratisation processes in war-torn societies www.refworld.org/pdfid/4ff5843f2.pdf

Humanitarian action has come under much fire lately. Even as he defends it, Michael Ignatieff has claimed that the
institutions and practices of international humanitarianism are reaching a mid-life crisis.8 Alex de Waal, however, has made the
much more strident claim that todays humanitarian activities do more harm than good and that unless they are
changed drastically they will continue to do so. This paper will assess his claims and assertions. Firstly, a definition of humanitarian
action must be attempted. Perhaps that is best attempted by elucidating what it is not. As James Orbinski put it
when accepting the 1999 Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of Mdecins Sans Frontires: There is a confusion and inherent ambiguity in the
development of so called military humanitarian operations. We must reaffirm with vigour and clarity the principle of an
independent civilian humanitarianism. And we must criticise those interventions called military-
humanitarian. Humanitarian action exists only to preserve life, not to eliminate it.9

Backlines Asia will reject the Aff

( ) Aff wont solve. Asia will reject the plan and alliances fearing them as cover for
Western imperialism.

Evans 8
Paul M. Evans, Director of the Institute of Asian Research, From the chapter: Human Security in extremis: East Asian reactions
to the responsibility to protect From the book: Human Security in East Asia: Challenges for Collaborative Action, edited by
Sorpong Peou, p. 84

The broad approach is attractive to Asians in general, for several reasons. First and foremost is the skepticism about motives
reinforced by the interventionist thrust of US foreign policy in the Bush era after the terrorist attacks of 11
September 2001. The antiterrorism agenda has produced an expanded level of state-to-state cooperation, seen in the constructive interactions
of the USA, China, and the other major powers. The current antiterrorism agenda has also complicated the discussion
about human security. At one level, the fight against terror has focused new attention on the root causes of violence and the intrastate
conflicts that have regional and global consequences. The postinvasion efforts at nation building and reconstruction in Afghanistan and Iraq
have already involved the direct participation of Japan and South Korea and, if the United Nations plays a larger role, will probably involve
several other Hast Asian countries in the future. At the same time, the strategies for responding to terrorism have
generally been framed as strengthening states and regimes and using traditional coercive instruments (the
military, police and intelligence agencies) as the main means for achieving the objective. Many Asians remain
wary of western-style international humanitarianism, largely because they still regard it as promoting
or condoning neo-imperialism, vigila-ntism and double standards.16 The fear of great power intrusion into domestic
affairs is palpable.

A-to Turn Militarys Human Security Good

( ) Human security doesnt challenge traditional security. It only increases violence.

GROVOGUI 13

It is often said that human security is an emerging or emergent paradigm for understanding global vulnerabilities that
challenges the traditional notion of national security. The context from which this understanding
emerges is a certain liberal humanitarianism according to which the proper referent for security is the
individual rather than the state or even collectives, only they can be loosely construed as people. The collapse of the cold war
and the so-called failure of states in the Balkans and Africa seem to have provided the opening for the emergence of the related line of thought
or reasoning in such diverse fields as development studies, international relations, strategic studies, and human rights studies. The underlying
liberal humanitarianism has recently taken a decidedly philanthropic tone, particularly in development and human rights studies, according to
which human security is understood as both freedom from want and freedom from fear. Human security thus emerges as desire
to institutionalize global solidarity and a plea to states to act with caution during war or to prevent harm to individual when
lives are already endangered. The plea to states harkens to humanitarian law while the admonition to prevent harm leads to
humanitarian intervention. In this manner, the notion of human security is a subspecies of modern humanitarian
thought and like the latter the former likely reinforces imperial imaginaries and the structures of order and morality. This
is why the concept of human security has not gained traction at the level of policy in regions where it
was intended to apply. There, as in Africa, the tendency continues to be to confront the structures that produce
precariousness and thus undermine life.

A-to But China is a threat

Note: a bunch of the specific case args on the Asia Pivot Advantage also argue China is not a
threat in this context.

The Aff is an example of China Threat theory. Its not accurate and is based on
flawed Western IR. This only leads to violent containment policies.

Pan 4
(Chengxin. As an FYI this card floats in many backfiles and it often lists Pans quals incorrectly. At the time of this writing, he
was seeking his PhD in Political Science and IR at Australian National University, The China Threat in American Self-
Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Otheras Power Politics, Alternatives, June-July, ebscohost)

I have argued above that the "China threat" argument in mainstream U.S. IR literature is derived, primarily,
from a discursive construction of otherness . This construction is predicated on a particular narcissistic understanding of the U.S.
self and on a positivist-based realism, concerned with absolute certainty and security, a concern central to the dominant U.S. self-imaginary.
Within these frameworks, it seems imperative that China be treated as a threatening, absolute other
since it is unable to fit neatly into the U.S.-led evolutionary scheme or guarantee absolute security for the United States,
so that U.S. power preponderance in the post-Cold War world can still be legitimated. Not only does
this reductionist representation come at the expense of understanding China as a dynamic,
multifaceted country but it leads inevitably to a policy of containment that, in turn, tends to enhance
the influence of realpolitik thinking, nationalist extremism, and hard-line stance in today's China. Even a small dose of the
containment strategy is likely to have a highly dramatic impact on U.S.-China relations, as the 1995-1996missile crisis and the 2001 spy-plane
incident have vividly attested. In this respect, Chalmers Johnson is right when he suggests that "a policy of containment toward
China implies the possibility of war, just as it did during the Cold War vis-a-vis the former Soviet Union. The balance of terror
prevented war between the United States and the Soviet Union, but this may not work in the case of China."^^ For instance, as the United
States presses ahead with a missile defence shield to "guarantee" its invulnerability from rather unlikely sources of missile attacks, it would be
almost certain to intensify China's sense of vulnerability and compel it to expand its current small nuclear arsenal so as to maintain the
efficiency of its limited deterrence. In consequence, it is not impossible that the two countries, and possibly the whole
region, might be dragged into an escalating arms race that would eventually make war more likely. Neither the United States nor
China is likely to be keen on fighting the other. But as has been demonstrated, the "China threat" argument, for all its alleged desire
for peace and security, tends to make war preparedness the most "realistic" option for both sides. At this juncture,
worthy of note is an interesting comment made by Charlie Neuhauser, a leading CIA China specialist. on the Vietnam War, a war fought by the
United States to contain the then-Communist "other." Neuhauser says, "Nobody wants it. We don't want it, Ho Chi Minh doesn't want it; it's
simply a question of annoying the other side."94 And, as we know, in an unwanted war some fifty-eight thousand young people from the
United States and an estimated two million Vietnamese men, women, and children lost their lives. Therefore, to call for a halt to the vicious
circle of theory as practice associated with the "China threat" literature, tinkering with the current positivist-dominated U.S. IR scholarship on
China is no longer adequate. Rather, what is needed is to question this un-self-reflective scholarship itself, particularly its
connections with the dominant way in which the United States and the West in general represent themselves and others via their positivist
epistemology, so that alternative, more nuanced, and less dangerous ways of interpreting and debating China
might become possible.

( ) China threat theory is wrong and has taken on a life of its own

Pan 4
(Chengxin. As an FYI this card floats in many backfiles and it often lists Pans quals incorrectly. At the time of this writing, he
was seeking his PhD in Political Science and IR at Australian National University, The China Threat in American Self-
Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Otheras Power Politics, Alternatives, June-July, ebscohost)

By now, it seems clear that neither China's capabilities nor intentions really matter. Rather, almost by its
mere geographical existence, China has been qualified as an absolute strategic " other, " a discursive construct
from which it cannot escape. Because of this, "China" in U.S. IR discourse has been objectified and deprived of its own subjectivity
and exists mainly in and for the U.S. self. Little wonder that for many U.S. China specialists, China becomes merely
a "national security concern" for the United States, with the "severe disproportion between the keen attention to China as a
security concern and the intractable neglect of China's [own] security concerns in the current debate."62 At this point, at issue here is
no longer whether the "China threat" argument is true or false, but is rather its reflection of a shared
positivist mentality among mainstream China experts that they know China better than do the Chinese
themselves. "We" alone can know for sure that they consider "us" their enemy and thus pose a menace to "us." Such an account of China,
in many ways, strongly seems to resemble Orientalists' problematic distinction between the West and the Orient. Like orientalism, the U.S.
construction of the Chinese "other" does not require that China acknowledge the validity of that dichotomous construction. Indeed, as Edward
Said points out, "It is enough for 'us' to set up these distinctions in our own minds; [and] 'they' become 'they' accordingly. "64

China Cplan

1NC

Next off is the China Counterplan

Text:

The Peoples Republic of China should deploy existing and develop new technology to use on a non-
military search and recovery mission to locate MH Flight 370.

Factually, China can solve the Seafloor Topography information. They can get the info
and it will be shared with the world.

Amos 14
Jonathan Amos, BBC Science Correspondent -- MH370 spur to 'better ocean mapping' BBC News May 27
th
, 2014
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27589433

Scientists have welcomed the decision to make all ocean depth data (bathymetry) gathered in the search
for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 publicly available. A detailed survey of 60,000 sq km of seabed is to be
undertaken to help refine the hunt for the lost jet. The depth and shape of Earth's ocean floor is very poorly known.
Leading researchers say the MH370 example should be a spur to gather much better data elsewhere in the world. The search has been
hampered by the lack of a high-resolution view of the bed topography west of Australia. This was apparent on the very first dive made by an
autonomous sub investigating possible sonar detections of the aircraft's cockpit voice and flight data recorders. It was forced to cut short the
mission because it encountered depths that exceeded its operating limit of 4,500m. There are places thought to exceed 7,800m. Australian
Transportation Safety Board (ATSB) officials said this week that an area in the southern Indian Ocean the size of Tasmania
would now be subject to a full survey using multibeam echo sounders (MBES). A Chinese navy vessel, Zhu
Kezhen, has already started on the project. It will be joined by a commercial ship in June, with the work likely
to take three months.

( ) Chinese has very advanced sonar theyve acquired and upgraded it.

Bussert 2
James C. Bussert is employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Virginia, where he works on surface ship
antisubmarine fire control systems with commercial off-the-shelf technology upgrades. Chinese Naval Sonar Evolves From
Foreign Influences Signal Online December 2002 http://www.afcea.org/content/?q=node/279

China had several facilities that could contribute to the design and production of an indigenous sonar.
The first leading-edge development challenge for Chinese naval construction was the Han nuclear attack submarine (SSN). Prior to this, China copied Soviet
submarines, destroyer escorts and patrol craft. The largest ship was the Luda, which appeared to be very similar to the Soviet Tallinn class. The Han had sonars
installed in 1970, but systems were not certified until 1975. The active sonar was designated SQZ-3 and the passive version was SQC-1. The Shanghai 22nd Radio
Plant reportedly produces the SQC-1, but too little time seems to have elapsed to develop the expertise to design and build a sonar more capable than the crude
TAMIRs known to be in production. China has had several highly respected oceanographic universities. The first was
established in Qingdao in 1952, and in 1958 the government created six navy research and development laboratories, including underwater acoustics and
underwater weapons. In 1965, China expanded its old Bureau of Oceans into a vast network of facilities, research and forecast centers and bureaus called the State
Oceanographic Agency. By 1970, it created special underwater acoustic sites in the Bohai, East China and Yellow seas. Technical institutes known to be very involved
in sonar design are Institute 715 in Huangzhou and Institute 706 in Beijing. Other sonar manufacturing plants include the Dongfeng Mechanical Plant that produced
the SQ2-D sonar for diesel submarines, the Jiangxin Machinery Plant, the Jiangning Mechanical Plant and the Great Wall Radio Factory in Beijing. Although there are
no photographs of indigenous Chinese sonars on warships in open sources, an interesting photograph taken in 1978 inside the J-302 vessel participating in
submarine-launched ballistic missile test shots showed a splashdown monitoring team manning a unit. With one large CRT and three smaller CRTs above, it looked
like a sonar set, although the operator was not wearing a headset. Beginning in the mid-1970s, China opted to import modern
sonars . These tend to fall into two categories. France provided modern sonar equipment from 1974 until 1993. The second period of modern
Russian sonar systems extends from 1994 to the present. The first imported French sonars were two sets of the lightweight
Thomson SS-12 variable depth sonars in 1974. These can be used as a dipping sonar on antisubmarine warfare (ASW) helicopters or as a variable-depth stern-
mounted sonar on a small ASW patrol craft. The five Han-class SSNs reportedly obtained French DUUX-5 sonar sometime around 1974, as did the single Xia nuclear
ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) around 1988, although Chinese SQX- designations were used. Three Chinese diesel Song-class submarines carried French TSM-
2233 and TSM-2255 sonars beginning around 1988. In 1987, on Haiju patrol craft hulls 688 and 697, SS-12 variable depth sonar (VDS) replaced the aft 57-millimeter
guns. These sonars could have been copies of the two acquisitions from France. The workhorse Luda-class guided missile destroyers (DDGs) had their first notable
upgrade in 1987. The lead ship built in 1972, DDG 105, received facilities for two helicopters and 57-millimeter guns but no new bow sonar. This was known as the
one-of-a-kind Luda II. What is not as well-known is that another Luda, DDG 131, was in a Shanghai dry dock with a large bow sonar dome in the same year but was
not called a Luda II. The most capable French sonar provided was the DUBV-23 surface-ship scanning LF search sonar. The first example appeared on the first Luda
III conversion in 1990. The two new construction Luhu DDGs had the DUBV-23 in 1993, and the larger Luhai DDG had one in 1999. The largest and best warships of
the PLAN all sported the DUBV-23, and the Luhu also had the French DUBV-43 LF VDS aft. China had licensed production rights from France for both sonars. The
Russian import sonars are significant because they were included as part of a full weapon/sensor suite on modern vessels that China
bought. The modern ASW torpedoes and missiles with associated fire control systems greatly enhanced the capabilities of the
complex sonars .
Chinese Sonar Solves

China has high tech gear and a search vehicle capable of deep-sea sonar searches
Villasanta, Professional Editor, Writer, Research Consultant 4-19
(Dominic, writer for China Topix, Search for the Missing MH370 Demonstrates Highs and Lows of Chinese Technology, 04,19,
2014, China Topix, Online: http://www.chinatopix.com/articles/1850/20140419/jiaolong-search-missing-mh370-chinese-
technology.htm , HGH)
China's use of satellites and ships and aircraft equipped with high tech gear to search for the still missing Malaysian Airlines Flight MH-
370 is a source of pride for the Chinese nation. But partnering this pride is a downside that has Chinese puzzled. China's first manned
deep-sea submersible, the Jiaolong, is not being used in the search for the missing aircraft carrying 153 Chinese citizens now focused off the western coast of
Australia in the Indian Ocean. The Jiaolong carries advanced sonar equipment and is equipped with two mechanical arms that can lift
some 220 pounds. It is a deep-sea research submersible that can go to a depth of over 7,000 meters. It has
the greatest depth range of any manned research vehicle in the world. Jiaolong is the only manned submersible to have
dived deeper than the Trieste bathyscaphe in 1960 and the Deepsea Challenger in 2012.
China possesses high quality tech capable searching at very deep depths
Australian transport safety bureau, 5/26
(Mapping the ocean floor Bathymetric survey - MH370
http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/2014/bathymetric-survey-mh370.aspx
Background accessed 6/29/14, keg)
The search is a complex operation that will involve a range of vessels, equipment and expertise to
cover 60,000 square kilometres of ocean floor.
Bathymetric survey
During the first stage of the search, the ATSB is tasking a Chinese PLA-Navy ship to undertake a
bathymetric survey of the 60,000 square kilometre search area. A contracted commercial vessel
with join the survey in June. The bathymetric survey will provide a map of the underwater search
zone, charting the contours, depths and hardness of the ocean floor.
While the ocean depth of the search zone is understood to be between 1000 m and 6000 m, we
currently have very limited knowledge of the sea floor terrain facing the underwater search
operation. The information we receive from the bathymetric survey will give us crucial data to
plan and conduct the intensified underwater search.
How the surveys done
The operation will involve a ship surveying the ocean floor using multi beam sonar, which is
capable of collecting high quality data to water depths of up to 6,000 m.
Multibeam sonar is a common offshore surveying tool that uses multiple sound signals to detect the
seafloor. Due to its multiple beams it is able to map a swath of the seabed under the ship, in
contrast to a single beam sonar which only maps a point below the ship. Different frequencies are
used to map different water depths, with higher frequencies (>100kHz) used for shallow water and
low frequencies (<30 kHz) for deep water.
Sonar technology is the focus of research in China the technology is strong
Feng et al 12
(GUO Haitao, LI Renping , XU Feng, LIU Liyuan, Founded in 1982, the Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology (CJOL) explores
ocean and lake related sciences. CJOL publishes the most up-to-date original research papers, mainly from China, on all aspects of
oceanology (or oceanography in the western sense) and limnology related fields. Academic topics include biology, physics, geology,
chemistry, hydrology, meteorology, and geography. Applications-sector coverage includes aquaculture, marine resource exploration,
remote sensing, environmental protection, marine engineering, pharmacology, and instrumentation. Most published papers are from
projects at provincial and ministerial levels, representing the most advanced research in China. This is the only official learned-society
journal of the Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, and it is affiliated with the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Qingdao, China. Review of research on sonar imaging technology in China, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology
Vol. 31 No. 6, P. 1329-1337, 2013, December 18, 2012, Page 1334, HGH)
With the rapid development in related technologies and powerful impetus from social demands,
sonar imaging technology has been a research focus for the past two decades. We have seen in reviewing
various techniques that it plays an important and irreplaceable role in the field of underwater exploration. With strong
research activities, we can infer that sonar- imaging technology will develop more rapidly in China
with further developments in signal processing techniques, microelectronics, new material
advances, information technology, computer technology, acoustic theory, underwater acoustic
technology, and pressures for oceanographic development and from military affairs. Based on related
experiences of the past 20 years, as well as the projected needs of society in the future, we can boldly predict that research
and development on sonar imaging technology in the next few years in China will see some strong movement in
the following areas: (1) synthetic aperture imaging especially broadband synthetic aperture imaging leading the way in frontline
research; (2) multi-beam imaging pushing towards focusing and broadband; (3) side lobe suppression becoming crucial in acoustic lens
imaging; (4) NAH imaging breaking barriers in the reconstruction of the sound field from broadband and coherent sound sources; (5)
image processing technology improving greatly sonar imaging quality, and gradually infiltrating into imaging process; (6) signal
processing, the core of sonar imaging technology, benefitting from constantly changing imaging algorithms; (7) imaging algorithms
from radar, ultrasound, and ultrasonic nondestructive testing imaging crossing over into the field of sonar to promote further leaps in
sonar imaging technology; (8) sonar imaging technology continuing its advances in high-resolution, faster real-time features and 3D
imaging; (9) digitalized, software implemented, and smart sonar imaging becoming an irresistible development trend; and (10) sonar
imaging technology retaining its development along both high-frequency and low-frequency applications.

Russia is providing very advanced sonar to China
Want China Times 3-25-14
( Russia to give China more advanced submarine technology, Watch China times
http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20140325000079&cid=1101, SWT)
Instead of providing the older Lada-class submarines to the People's Liberation Army Navy as
requested by Beijing, Russia's president, Vladimir Putin, will likely authorize China to receive the more advanced
Kalina-class submarine, reports the Voice of Russia, citing Vassily Kashin, a senior research fellow from the Moscow-based Center for Analysis of Strategies and
Technologies.Viktor Chirkov, the commander-in-chief of the Russian Navy, officially announced that the Kalina-
class conventional submarine equipped with an advanced air-independent propulsion system will
be developed and produced in the future on Mar. 20. "Russia is currently designing a fifth-generation conventional submarine, dubbed Project
Kalina, which will be fitted with an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system," said Chirkov. As Russia remains isolated over its intervention in the Ukraine crisis, Moscow values China's position
as one of its strategic partners, Kashin said. He added that the PLA Navy will benefit from the cancellation of the Lada-class as it will open a new door for China
to gain more advanced technology from Russia to build its own submarine in the future. Meanwhile, China may
be able to design its own fifth-generation conventional submarine with the help of Russia under this new concept, Kashin said.
Chinese assistance is extremely useful in the Search for 370
Xinhua News, 05-03
(A news organization for China, Multinational search for missing MH370 plane laudable, unprecedented Online:
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/special/2014-05/03/c_133307215.htm# , HGH)

"Western Australia's long-established relationship with China has to date been focused around trade but the
Chinese authorities' assistance with the search for MH370 has broadened and deepened that
relationship," he said. Houston, as the JACC chief, noted that, during the visual search, China provided the greatest
number of ships, seven, which, together with the Chinese aircraft, did a magnificent job. He added that Chinese
expertise was instrumental to the work of the expert team in Kulua Lumpur. RAAF Group Commander
Craig Heap, who leads and coordinates the air search mission, has described the Chinese airforce detachment
searching for the missing MH370 in Australia as very professional and they made great contributions to the
search mission. Heap said the Chinese crew had made a "fantastic contribution" since their first operation on
March 23. "They have conducted many search missions and they are highly professional. We are very happy that
they are here for the multinational effort," Heap said. He added the Chinese detachment had done an "extensive visual
search and provided significant contributions" which "China should be proud".

China has ramped up search efforts for 370
PRESS TV, A Middle East television network with live news and analysis, 4/29/2014 (Press TV, China to
expand efforts to find MH370, 4/29/2014, http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/04/29/360609/china-
to-beef-up-search-for-mh370/, Accessed: 6/28/2014, RRR)
China Maritime Search and Rescue Center says it will step up its underwater endeavors for finding the
missing Malaysian airliner. The Chinese center said on Monday that it will send more ships in a bid to
increase underwater search for finding MH370 and continue collaboration with other countries.According to
the center, the Chinese vessel Haixun 01 and Navy vessels 999, 998, 171 and 886 are still searching in waters west of
Australia and the Navy vessel 863 is continuing the search in eastern Indian Ocean.
Chinese Cooperation Solves
Chinese-Australian cooperation effectively solves the search- Recent pings and
spottings of airplane debris
Bond, Reporter for the Mirror, Bradley, Reporter for the Mirror, and Hartley-Parkinson,
Reporter for the Mirror, 4/4/2014 (Anthony Bond, Chris Bradley, Chris Hartley-
Parkinson, The Mirror: A British national newspaper offering current news and analysis,
MH370 recap: Maritime expert says three pings have to have come from missing
Malaysia Airlines plane, 4/4/2014, http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/flight-
mh370-recap-maritime-expert-3376572, Accessed: 6/28/2014, RRR)
The Chief Coordinator of the Joint Agency Coordination Centre, Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston (Ret'd), said reports that the Chinese
ship, Haixun 01, had detected electronic pulse signals in the Indian Ocean related to MH370 could not be
verified at this point in time. "I have been advised that a series of sounds have been detected by a Chinese ship in the
search area. The characteristics reported are consistent with the aircraft black box. A number of white
objects were also sighted on the surface about 90 kilometres from the detection area. However, there is no
confirmation at this stage that the signals and the objects are related to the missing aircraft, Air Chief Marshal Houston (Ret'd) said. "Advice
tonight from the Australian Maritime Safety Authority's Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) and the Australian Transport Safety Bureau is that
they cannot verify any connection to the missing aircraft. "The RCC in Australia has spoken to the RCC in China and
asked for any further information that may be relevant. "The deployment of RAAF assets to the area
where the Chinese ship detected the sounds is being considered.
Even if china doesnt have the tech to find the plane, they can cooperate with
countries that do
China Daily 6/18 (Commercial vessel joins Chinese ship to map ocean floor in search for MH370http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014planemissing/2014-
06/18/content_17598155.htm accessed 6/28/14, keg)
CANBERRA - A vessel contracted by the Australian government has joined Chinese efforts to map the sea
floor ahead of the deep water search for the missing Malaysian airliner that is due to commence in August.
The Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) has contracted the Fugro Equator to join the Chinese navy ship Zhu
Kezhen in surveying a defined search area of the south-west Indian Ocean. The search area is based on new
satellite data from Inmarsat, the London-based satellite communications company. Under the direction of the
bureau, the two vessels are conducting a bathymetric survey -- mapping of the sea floor -- which will be
crucial to carrying out the deep water search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. The survey will give search
officials a better understanding of the ocean floor and help them choose the best search vessels. The
Zhu Kezhen had already surveyed 4,088 square kilometers of the ocean floor before being forced into port
at Fremantle, just south of Perth in Western Australia, late last month for repairs to its multibeam echosounder. It
is due to resume operations in the search area shortly. Officials anticipate it will take at least three months to
complete the bathymetric survey of the 60,000 square kilometer search zone.

China leading effective attempts at finding 370- Effective cooperation with Australia
Experts have indicated it is likely the signal heard by the Chinese and Australian ships. Anish Patel, president
of Dukane Seacom which says it manufactured the black box beacons used on MH370 told CNN that the signal reportedly
detected by the Haixun 01 was identical to the standard frequency emitted by its pingers. David Gallo,
an oceanographer who helped in the search for Air France flight 447 in the Atlantic Ocean in 2009, said the pulse detected was
unlikely to occur naturally. It could very well be one of the beacons, he told the Observer. Investigators are also
urging caution over the possible signals, indicating there is no confirmation they are related to MH370. False alerts can be triggered by sea life,
including whales, or by noise from ships. Australian officials reported last week that an alert sounded on the British Royal Navy vessel, H.M.S.
Echo, which is equipped with black box detection equipment, but the signal turned out to be false. To clarify, two of the signals
were detected by the Chinese ship Haixan-01. The first was on Friday and the second on Saturday
about 2km away. The third signal was reported by an Australian ship, the Ocean Shield, in a different
location.
Chinese navy vessels have lots of help to find MH370
China's official Xinhua News Agency said that the patrol vessel had detected a signal at 37.5 kilohertz
(cycles per second) - the same frequency emitted by flight data recorders aboard the missing Boeing
777 - in the search area, Associated Press said. HMS Echo arrived this week in the area where search efforts are focused to find the
missing plane. It is now hoped the ship's sophisticated sound locating equipment will help in the hunt for
the plane's flight recorders. Flight MH370, bound for Beijing from Kuala Lumpur, disappeared on March 8 with 239 people on
board, with a three-week search finding no sign of it. A spokeswoman for the MoD said it was good news that the ship had
arrived and would join in the search for the black box. HMS Echo is not the only naval vessel providing
assistance. The Australian navy's Ocean Shield, which is carrying hi-tech sound detectors from the US
Navy, was also travelling to the area.

China searching around recent pings with help from the international community
Special equipment will be needed to determine whether the two sets of "pulse signals" detected by
Chinese patrol ship Haixun 01 had led search crews to missing Flight MH370. Australian search chief Retired Air
Chief Marshal Angus Houston said: "We need HMS Echo and the Australian defence vessel Ocean Shield to come
to the location because they have special equipment that can help us make the judgement whether
there is anything down there." Search crews are now focusing their attention on the southern section of the current search area.
Let's quickly recap on the latest developments in the hunt for missing Flight MH370. International search planes and ships are
heading to an area where a Chinese ship twice heard what could be signals from the downed jetliner's
black box locators. Retired Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston, the head of the Australian agency coordinating the operation, said two
reported acoustic detections from the Haixun 01 were a good lead but there remained no certainty that they had
come from the missing plane. Aircrews from seven countries have been flying dozens of missions from Perth deep
into the southern Indian Ocean looking for debris from the jet and have been joined by ships fitted with sophisticated
equipment designed to pick up the locators on the black box voice and data recorders.

China participating in multilateral efforts to find flight 370
Hodgkinson, Associate Professor at the Law School at University of Western Australia,
Johnston, Sessional Lecturer at Law School at the University of Notre Dame Australia,
6/19/2014 (David Hodgkinson, Rebecca Johnston, MH370 cost sharing agreement a
chance to avoid future mistakes, 6/19/2014, http://theconversation.com/mh370-cost-
sharing-agreement-a-chance-to-avoid-future-mistakes-27383, Accessed: 6/30/2014,
RRR)
Last month senior ministers from Malaysia, China and Australia met in Canberra and confirmed that the
MH370 search would be a continuous one, and that it would now be focused on an intensive search
of the ocean floor over a larger area. To cover the costs of the ongoing search, the Commonwealth budget
makes provision for funding of almost A$90 million to the end of the next financial year. The
Commonwealth has also put aside A$60 million for a private contractor to search an area of the Indian
Ocean seabed covering 60,000 square kilometres. The key states in the search for MH370 are Australia, Malaysia and China
Australia because it is the only state proximate to the area in which MH370 is presumed to have ditched (the southern Indian Ocean).
Australia is, as a practical matter, the state best equipped to take the lead and conduct the search. Malaysia
is key, of course, because MH370 was operated by Malaysia Airlines and is its state of registration.
Malaysia is also responsible for the crash investigation. China is important because a majority (153) of those
passengers on board MH370 (a total of 227, together with 12 crew members) were Chinese; Beijing
was MH370s destination. MH370 also operated as a codeshare flight with China Southern Airlines.
A2: China Wont Find It Plan Is Key

China can find the plane they are determined
Ping, A writer for China Daily, 04-19-2014
(Bai, China displays soft power in MH370 search, China Daily, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014planemissing/2014-
04/19/content_17447521.htm , HGH)
The search for the lost plane with 239 people on board, including 154 Chinese passengers, is a good
opportunity for China to showcase its people-first philosophy of governance. Its efforts have
won accolades from home and abroad, which have ranged from being "determined and
forceful" in its response to taking "the high moral ground" to being a "responsible
superpower". This is not the first time China is carrying out a large operation to help its
citizens in trouble overseas. In 2011, it evacuated more than 35,800 of its nationals from Libya during the political crisis in
that country. The operation, according to Chinese media reports, involved 91 domestic chartered flights, 12 military flights, five cargo
ferries, one escort ship, 35 foreign chartered flights, 11 trips by foreign passenger liners and some 100 bus runs. Yet the ongoing
multinational search for MH370, arguably one of the largest in aviation history, has attracted much more global attention because of
the potential loss of many human lives, daunting technical challenges and an increasingly intricate international situation.
However long and costly the mission may be, China will continue to lead it full throttle. It
must.
A2: China Cant Solve Tech Problems
China has multiple vessels searching, Zhu KeZhen return not a problem

NBC News 3-26-2014
(Missing MH370: Full List of Ships, Planes in Indian Ocean Search, http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-jet/missing-
mh370-full-list-ships-planes-indian-ocean-search-n62121)

Searchers from six countries are scouring the southern Indian Ocean to recover debris from
the missing Malaysia Airlines jet. The operation is a race against time as investigators
scramble to find the doomed flight's "black boxes" the voice and data recorders that may
help officials solve one of the most complex mysteries in aviation history before ocean
currents make recovery impossible. Here's a snapshot of the military assets and
technological tools deployed to date in the search: The United States (1) Navy P-8
Poseidon aircraft, (1) Navy Towed Pinger Locator (TPL), which can detect a black box
"ping" (1) Bluefin Robotics Corp. unmanned "mini-sub" Australia (4) Royal Australian Air
Force P-3 Orion aircraft. China: Xue Long ("Snow Dragon"), a polar supply ship (2) Ilyushin
IL-76 aircraft

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