MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 1

MATRICES
SYNOPSIS
Matrix : A rectangular array (arrangement) of
numbers real or complex is called a Matrix. The
horizontal lines are called rows and the vertical
lines are called columns. A set of mn numbers
arranged in m rows and n columns is called
m x n matrix.
Types of Matrices
Row & Column Matrices : A matrix having only
one row is called a row matrix, and matrix having
only one column is called column matrix.
Zero Matrix : A matrix having all its elements as
zeros then it is called a zero matrix or null matrix,
it is denoted by 'O'.
Square Matrix : If in a matrix, the number of
rows is equal to the number of columns, then it is
called a square matrix.
Di agonal Mat ri x : In a square matrix, the
elements a
11
, a
22
, ...... a
nn
are called the elements
of the principal diagonal. If in a matrix all the
elements above and below the principal diagonal
are zero then it is called a diagonal matrix.
Scalar Matrix : A diagonal matrix in which all
the principal diagonal elements are equal is called
as scalar matrix.
[4], (

2 0
0 2
,
(
(
(

a
a
a
0 0
0 0
0 0
are scalar matrices of
order 1,2 and 3 respectively.
Unit Matrix (Identity Matrix) : A scalar matrix in
which each diagonal element is unity is called
the unit matrix (identity matrix)
I
1
=[1], I
2
= (

1 0
0 1
, I
3
=
(
(
(

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
are the
unit matrices of order 1,2 and 3 respectively.
Upper Tri angular Matrix : A square matrix
A =[ a
ij
] is called upper triangular matrix if
a
ij
=o whenever i >j
Eg: A =
(
(
(

4 0 0
7 5 0
3 2 1
Lower Triangular Matrix : A square matrix A =
( a
ij
) is lower triangular Matrix if 0
ij
a = , whenever
i j < . Eg.
(
(
(

5 3 1
0 2 1
0 0 1
Equality of Matrices :
Two matrices A and B are equal if :
i. they are of the same type (order)
ii.each element of A is equal to the
corresponding element of B.
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 2
Trace :
The sum of the principal (main) diagonal elements
i.e., a
11
+a
22
+........ +a
nn
of a square matrix A is
called the trace of A :
Trace A =Tr (A) =a
11
+a
22
+........ +a
nn
.
i) If A and B are two matrices of order n then
Tr (A +B) =Trace A +Trace B.
Tr (A -B) =Trace A - Trace B.
Tr (kA)=k(Tr(A))
Tr (A
T
) =Tr(A)
ii)If A, B,C are square matrices of order n, then
Tr (ABC) =Tr (BCA )=Tr (CAB) =Tr (ACB) =
Tr (BCA) =Tr (CBA)
iii) Trace of skew -symmetric matrix is Zero.
* iv) Trace is also called as spur.
Addition of Matrices :
If A =(a
ij
)
mxn

and
B =(b
ij
)
mxn
then A +B =(a
ij
+b
ij
)
mxn
Addition is
defined between matrices of the same order.
Addition of matrices is both commutative and
associative, i.e., A +B =B +A ( Commutative
law) and ( A+B) +C =A +(B+C) ( associative
law).
If every element of the matrix A is multiplied by a
scalar k then the matrix obtained is written as
kA. If A =(a
ij
)
m x n
then
kA=(ka
ij
)
m x n
. If A and B are matrices of the
same type then, k(A+B) =kA +kB.
Additive Inverse : If A is a m x n matrix then the
zero matrix of the type m x n is called the additive
identity, then -A is called the
additive inverse of A.
Product of Matrices :
If A =[a
i j
]
m x n
where 1
s
i
s
m, 1
s
j
s
n
and B =(b
jk
)
n x p
where 1
s
j
s
n, p k s s 1
then the product A B is an m x p matrix and AB
is given by
AB=C=(c
ik
)
mxp
where C
ik
=

=
n
j
jk ij
b a
1
c
ik
=a
i1
b
1k
+a
i2
b
2k
+......+a
in
b
n k
Matrix multiplication does not follow commutative
law.
Matrix multiplication is associative i.e., (AB)C =
A(BC).
Matrix multiplication is distributive over matrix
addition i.e., A(B+C) =AB +AC &
(B +C)A =BA +CA.
The cancellation law need not hold in matrix
multiplication, i.e., if A, B, C are three matrices
then AB =AC need not imply that B =C. For
example let
A = (

0 2
0 1
, B = (

1 1
0 0
and C = (

2 3
0 0
.
Then AB =AC =O. But B
=
C
Commute : Two matrices A and B commute if
AB =BA.
Transpose of the Matrix :
The matrix obtained by interchanging the rows
and columns of a matrix A is called the transpose
of the matrix A & if order of A is mxn then order of
transpose of A is n x m, it is denoted by A
T
.
(A
T
)
T
=A
( A +B)
T
=A
T
+B
T
(AB)
T
= B
T
A
T
(KA)
T
=KA
T
( K is a scalar)
Special Type of Matrices :
Idempot ent : A square matrix is called
idempotent if A
2
=A

|A| =0 or 1
Involutary : A square matrix is called involutary
if A
2
=I

|A| =

1
Orthogonal Matrix: A sqare matrix is A is called
an orthogonal matrix if
T T
AA A A I = =
or
1 T
A A

=
Eg:
cos sin
sin cos
u u (
(
u u

if A is an orthogonal matrix

A 1 = thus
every orthogonal matrix is non - singular.
consequently every orthogonal matrix is invertible
Result: If A,B are n n orthogonal matrices, then
AB and BA are also orthogonal matrices.
if A is an orthogonal matrix, then
T
A
1
A

and also orthogonal

Nilpotent : A square matrix is called nilpotent
matrix if there exists a positive integer 'n' such
that
A
n
=O. If 'm' is the least positive integer such
that A
m
=O, them 'm' is called the index of the
nilpotent matrix.
Every nilpotent matrix is a singular matrix.
Conjugate of Matrix : The conjugate of a matrix
A is the matrix obtained by replacing the
elements by their corresponding conjugate
complex numbers. It is denoted by
A
.
Eg : If A =
2 3 7
0 4 2 5
7 6
i i i
i i
i i
+ (
(

(
(

then
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 3
(
(
(

+
+

=
i i
i i
i i i
A
6 7
5 2 4 0
7 3 2
If det A = i + then det
A
= i
Symmetric Matrix : A square matrix A is called
a symmetric matrix if A
T
=A.
i) A+A
T
, AA
T
, A
T
A are Symmetric matrices
ii) If A is symmetric then A
n
is also symmetric for
all neN
Skew - Symmetric Matrix :
A square matrix A is called skew - symmetric if
A
T
= - A.
i) A-A
T
and A
T
-A are skew - symmetric
matrices
ii) If A is skew - symmetric then
A
n
is symmetric whenever n is an even +ve
integer
A
n
is skew symmetric whenver n is an odd
+ve integer .
iii) If A is a skew - symmetric matrix of odd
order then det A =0 and that of even order
is a perfect square.
If A is a square matrix then
A =
2 2 2
A A
where
A A A A
T T T
+
+
+
is symmetric
matrix and
2
T
A A
is a skew - symmetric
matrix.
Hermitian : A square matrix A is called Hermitian.
If the transpose conjugate of A is itself, i.e.,
( )
T
A
=AA
Skew - Hermintian : A square matrix is called
skew - Hermintian if
( )
T
A
=- A.
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
1. A square matrix (a
ij
) in which a
ij
=0 for j i = and
a
ij
=k (constant) for i =j is
1) Unit matrix 2) Scalar matrix
3) Null matrix 4) Diagonal matrix
2. If A =[a
ij
] is a scalar matrix of order n n,
such that a
ij
=k for all i=j, then trace of A =
1) nk 2) n+k 3)
n
k
4) 1
3. If A and B are two matrices such that A has
identical rows and AB is defined. Then AB has
1) no identical rows 2) identical rows
3) all of its zeros 4)cannot be determined
4. If AB =O, then
1) A =O 2) B =O
3) A and B need not be zero matrices
4) A and B are zero matrices
5. If A and B are two square matrices of order n and
A and B commute then for any real number K.
Then
1) A - KI, B - KI Commute
2) A - KI, B - KI are equal
3) A - KI, B - KI do not commute
4) A +KI, B - KI do not commute
6. A
nxn
and B
nxn
are diagonal matrices then
AB =.................. matrix
1) square 2) diagonal
3) scalar 4) rectangular
7. If A =
(
(
(

c f g
f b h
g h a
, then A is
1) a nilpotent 2) an involutory
3) a symmetric 4) an idempotent
8. If A is a symmetric or skew-symmetric matrix
then A
2
is
1) symmetric 2) skew-symmetric
3) Diagonal 4) scalar
9. Let A be a square matrix. consider
1) A +A
T
2) AA
T
3) A
T
A 4) A
T
+A
5) A - A
T
6) A
T
- A , Then
1) all are symmetric matrices
2) (2),(4),(6) are symmetric matrices
3) (1),(2),(3),(4) are symmetric matrices &
(5),(6) are skew symmetric matrices
4) 5,6 are symmetric
10. If A, B are symmetric matrices of the same order
then AB-BA is
1) symmetric matrix 2) skew symmetric matrix
3)Diagonal matrix 4) identity matrix
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 4
11. If a matrix A is both symetric and skew-symetric
then A is
1) I 2) O 3) A 4) Diagonal matrix
12. If A is skew-symmetric matrix and n is odd
positive integer, then A
n
is
1) a symmetric matrix
2) skew-symmetric matrix
3) diagonal matrix
4) triangular matrix
13. If A is skew-symmetric matrix and n is even
positive integer , then A
n
is
1) a symmetric matrix
2) skew-symmetric matrix
3) diagonal matrix
4) triangular matrix
14. If A, B are two idempotent matrices and
AB =B A =0 then A+B is
1) Scalar matrix 2) Idempotent matrix
3) Diagonal matrix 4) Nilptent matrix
15. If
3 3
ij
A a

( =

is a square matrix so that
2 2
,
ij
a i j =
then A is a
1) unit matrix 2) symmetric marix
3) skew symmetric matrix 4) orthogonal matrix
16. If D
1
and D
2
are two 3 x 3 diagonal matrices then
1) D
1
D
2
is a diagonal matrix
2) D
1
+D
2
is a diagonal matrix
3) D
1
2
+D
2
2
is a diagonal matrix
4) 1, 2, 3 are correct
EQUALITY OF MATRICES
17. If
,
2 3
7 0
4 1
2 3
(

=
(

+ +
a z a z
x y x
(x+y+z+a) =
1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 8
18. If (

+
=
(

+
+
3
3 4
1 2
5 2
z
y
r
r
, then
1) r =y =z 2) r =-y =z
3) -r =y =z 4) r =y =-z
19. If A=
0 2
3 4
(
(

, KA=
0 3
2 24
a
b
(
(

then arrange the
values of k,a,b, in ascending order
1) k, a, b 2) b, a, k 3) a, k, b 4) b, k, a
Trace of Matrix :
20. If Tr (A) = 6

Tr (4A) =
1) 3/2 2) 2 3) 12 4) 24
21. If Tr (A) =2 +i

Tr[ (2-i) A] =
1) 2 +i 2) 2 - i 3) 3 4) 5
22. If
,
0 1 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
(
(
(

= A

... ) ( ,
5 4 0
0 3 0
0 0 1
=
(
(
(

= BA Tr B
1) 40 2) 45 3) 39 4) 5
23. If Tr (A) =8 , Tr(B) =6,

Tr (A - 2B) =
1) -4 2) 4 3) 2 4) 11
24.
6 10 100
7 1 0 ( )
0 9 10
T
If A then Tr A
(
(
= =
(
(

1) -17 2) 17 3) -1/17 4) 1/17
25. If the traces of the matrices A and B are 20 and 8,
then trace of A +B = (EAMCET-1992)
1) 28 2) 20 3) - 8 4) 12
26.
(
(
(

=
0 1 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
A
,
,
5 4 0
0 3 0
0 0 1
(
(
(

= B
= ) (AB Tr Tr (A).Tr (B) then

=
1) 1 2)0 3)
6
5
4)
20
27
27. i. Trace of the matrix is called sum of the elements
in a principle diagonal of the square matrix.
ii. The trace of the matrix
8 7 2
5 8 2
7 2 8
(
(
(
(

is 24
Which of the following statement is correct.
1. Only i 2. Only ii
3. Both i and ii 4. Neither i nor ii
Sum and difference of the matrices : -
28. (

4 3
2 1
+2x = (

9 5
5 3
,

X =
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 5
1) (

5 2
3 2
2)
(
(

2
5
1
2
3
1
3) (

5 2
3 2
4)
(
(

2
5
1
2
3
1
29. If A-2B =
1 2
3 0
| |
|
\ .
and 2A-3B =
3 3
1 1
| |
|

\ .
then B =
1)
-5 7
5 1
| |
|
\ .
2)
-5 7
-5 -1
| |
|
\ .
3)
-5 7
5 -1
| |
|
\ .
4)
-5 -7
-5 -1
| |
|
\ .
30. If A = (

1 1
4 1
(

=
2 1
1 2
B
then (

4 3
7 4
is
1) 2A +B 2) A - B 3) AB 4) A - 2B
31. If A = (

=
(

11 6
5 1
,
3 4
1 9
B
&
3A +5B +2X =0 then X =
1) (

32 21
14 16
2) (

32 21
14 16
3) (

32 21
14 16
4) (

32 21
14 16
32. The additive inverse of
1 4 7
3 2 5
2 3 1
| |
|

|
|

\ .
is
1)
1 4 7
3 2 5
2 3 1
| |
|
+
|
|
+ +
\ .
2)
1 4 7
3 2 5
2 3 1
| |
|

|
|

\ .
3) not possible 4)
1 4 7
3 2 5
2 3 1
| |
|

|
|

\ .
33. If (

=
i
i
A
0
0
then A A
2
=
1) (

1 0
0 1
2) (

1 0
0 1
3) (

1 0
0 1
4) (

1 0
0 1
34. If (

=
5 2 4
3 2 1
A
and
(
(
(

=
1 2
5 4
3 2
B
then
1) AB, BA exist and equal
2) AB, BA exist and are not equal
3) AB exists and BA does not exist
4) AB does not exist and BA exists
35. If A = (

6 5 4
3 2 1
, B =
(
(
(

5
0
1
, then AB =
1) | | 15 0 1 2) | | 30 0 4
3) (

34
16
4) | | 34 16
36.
I A then A If 5 ,
4 0
3 2
2

=
=
1) (

16 0
18 4
2) (

11 0
18 1
3) (

11 5
13 1
4) (

11 5
13 1
37.
4
,
0 1
1 0
A then A If
(

=
=(EAMCET-1994)
1)
I
2) 0 3) A 4) 4
I
38. If A =
(
(
(

2 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 2
, then A A
4
=....
1) 16A 2) 32
I
3) 4A 4) 8A
39. If AB =A and BA =B then
1) A =2B 2) A
2
=A and B
2
=B
3) 2A =B 4) cannot be determined
40. If
| |
(

=
(

= =
y
x
C
b h
h a
B y x A , , ,
,
then ABC=
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 6
1) ( ) bxy hy ax + + 2) ( )
2 2
2 by hxy ax + +
3) ( )
2 2
2 by hxy ax + 4) ( )
2 2
2 ay hxy bx +
41. If A
2
=A, B
2
=B, AB =BA =O then
(A+B)
2
=
1) A - B 2) A +B 3) A
2
- B
2
4) 0
42. If (

=
(

=
0 0
1 0
,
1 0
0 1
E I
, then = +
3
) ( bE aI
1)
bE aI +
2)
E b I a
3 3
+
3)
E ab I a
2 3
3 +
4)
bE a I a
2 3
3 +
43. If A

=
Cos Sin
Sin Cos


| |
|

\ .
then . A A

=
1) A
+
2) A

3) A A

+ 4)I
44. If A+B=
3 4
2 5
| |
|
\ .
, A-B
1 2
2 3
| |
|

\ .
then AB=
1)
0 40
8 16
| |
|
\ .
2)
0 40
4 8
| |
|
\ .
3)
0 10
2 4
| |
|
\ .
4)
0 40
2 11
| |
|
\ .
45. If A =diagonal (3,3,3) then
4
A =
1)12A 2)81A 3)684A 4)27A
46. If
1 -2
A=
4 5
(
(

and ( )
2
3 7 f t t t = + then
f(A)+
3 6
12 9
(
(


= (EAMCET-2008)
1)
1 0
0 1
(
(

2)
0 0
0 0
(
(

3)
0 1
1 0
(
(

4)
1 1
0 0
(
(

47. If AB=A, BA=B and
I) A
2
B=A
2
II) ABA=A, BAB=B
III) A
2
=A,
2
B B =
Then which of the above statements is / are correct
1) All the three I, II and III 2) only I and II
3) only II and III 4) only I and III
48. Let P and Q be 22 matrices. Consider the
statements.
I) PQ=0

P=0 or Q=0 or both

II) PQ=I
2

P=Q
-1
III) (P+Q)
2
=P
2
+2PQ+Q
2
1) I and II are false but III is true
2) I and III false and II is true
3) All are false 4) All are true
Problems based on Induction :
49.
,
(

=
x x
x x
A If
then N n A
n
e = ..., ..........
1) (

n n n n
n n n n
x x
x x
2 2
2 2
2) (

n n n n
n n n n
x x
x x
1 1
1 1
2 2
2 2
3) (

n n n n
n n n n
x x
x x
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
4) (

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
2 2
2 2
n n n n
n n n n
x x
x x
50. If 'n' is a +ve integer and if
A =
cos sin
sin cosh
h h
h


(
(

then A A
n
=
1) (

h h
h h
cos sin
sin cos
2) (

h h
h h
cos sin
sin cos
3) (

n h n h
n h hn
cos sin
sin cos
4) (

n n
n n
sinh sinh
cosh cosh
51. Matrix A is such that A
2
=2A - I where I is the
unit matrix . Then for n
>
2, A A
n
=
(EAMCET-1992)
1) I n nA ) 1 ( 2)
I nA
3)
1
2 ( 1)
n
A n I
+
4)
1 2
1

+
A
n
52.
4 1
then ............,
n
i o o
o i o A n N
o o i
+
(
(
= e
(
(

1)
(
(
(

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2)
(
(
(

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
3)
(
(
(

i
i
i
0 0
0 0
0 0
4)
(
(
(

i
i
i
0 0
0 0
0 0
53.
2 -1
3 -2
n
| |
|
\ .
=
1 0
0 1
| |
|
\ .
if n is
1) odd 2) any natural number
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 7
3) even 4) not possible
54. If (

=
0 1
1 0
A
and (

=
0
0
i
i
B
then
1) A
2
=B
2
=I 2) A
2
=B
2
=-I
3) A
2
=I, B
2
=-I 4) A
2
=- I, B
2
=I
55. If A =
0
0
i
i
(
(

B= (

0 1
1 0
and C = (

0
0
i
i
then AB
=
1) - BA 2) - C 3) BA 4) AB
56. If P =
(
(
(

4
3
1
, Q =| | 5 1 2 , then PQ =
1)
(
(
(

20 4 8
15 3 6
5 1 2
2) | | 20 3 2
3)
(
(
(

20
3
2
4) | | 19
57. If A = (

0
0
a
a
, B = (

b b
0 0
, then AB =
1) 0 2) bA 3) aB 4) ab AB
58. If (

=
i
i
A
0
0
, B = (

=
(

o i
i o
C ,
0 1
1 0
then A
2
+B
2
+C
2
=
1)
I 2
2) -
I 2
3) -
I 3
4)
I 3
59. If A = (

0 1
1 0
then A A
5
=
1)
I
2) O 3) A 4) A
2
60. If A = (

d c
b a
and (

=
1 0
0 1
I
then
A
2
- (a +d) A - ( bc - ad ) I =
1) 0 2) I 3) 2I 4) (a - d )
61. (

d c
b a
y
x
0
0
=
1) (

dy yc
bx ax
2) (

dy
ax
0
0
3) (

dy bx
cy ay
4) (

0
0
dy
ax
62.
(
(
(

n m l
z y
x
0
0 0

(
(
(

c
b
a
0 0
0 0
0 0
=
1)
(
(
(

nc mb al
bz ay
ax
0
0 0
2)
(
(
(

mb al
az ab
ax
0
0
0 0
3)
(
(
(

nc
mb bz
al ab ax
0 0
0
4)
(
(
(

al ab ax
mb bz
nc
0
0 0
63. If A =
(
(
(

o a b
a o c
b c o
and B =
(
(
(

2
2
2
c bc ac
bc b ab
ac ab a
then
AB =
1) A 2) B 3) I 4) O
64. If A =
(
(
(

2
2
2
c bc ac
bc b ab
ac ab a
and a
2
+b
2
+c
2
=1,
then A
2
=
1) A 2) 2A 3) 3A 4) 4A
65. If A = (

3 0
2 1
and B =| | 1 3 then BA = =
1) (

3 0
0 3
2) | | 0 3 3) | | 3 3 4) | | 3 0
66. If A =
(
(
(

4 3 1
4 3 1
4 3 1
then A
2
=
1) A 2) - A
3) Null matrix 4) 2A
67. If (

y
x
1
1
(

6 2
4 1
= (

22 7
14 4
, then (x,y) =
1) ( 1,-2) 2) ( 2,1) 3) (3,2) 4) (2,3)
68. (

=
1 0
0 1
I If
and (

=
0 0
1 0
E
then
( ) = +
3
3 2 E I
1)
E I 18 8 +
2)
E I 36 4 +
3)
E I 36 8 +
4)
E I 3 2 +
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 8
69. If
10 20 30
20 45 60
30 80 91
| |
|
|
|
\ .
=
1 0 0
2 1 0
3 4 1
| |
|
|
|
\ .

X 0 0
0 5 0
0 0 1
| |
|
|
|
\ .

1 2 3
0 1 0
0 0 1
| |
|
|
|
\ .
then
X
=
1) 5 2) 10 3)
5
2
4)
10
3
70. If A=
2 1
3 2
(
(

then A A
5
=
1) I 2)A 3)-A 4)
2
A
71. A=
1 0
0 2
(
(


A
3
-A
2
= (EAMCET-2005)
1) 2A 2) 2I 3) A 4) I
72. If A = (

4 3
2 0
, KA = (

24 2
3 0
b
a
, then the
values of k, a, b are respectively
(EAMCET-2001)
1) -6, -12, -18 2) -6, 4, 9
3) -6, -4, -9 4) -6, 12, 18
73. If A (

o o
o o
= o
cos sin
sin cos
) (
then
) ( A o ) ( A | = (EAMCET-1999)
1) ) ( A ) ( A | o 2) ) ( A ) ( A | + o
3) ) ( A | o 4) ) ( A | + o
74. The order of [x y z]
(
(
(

(
(
(

z
y
x
c f g
f b h
g h a
is
(EAMCET-1994)
1) 3 x 1 2) 1 x 1 3) 1 x 3 4) 3 x 3
75. If A = (

0 1
1 x
and A A
2
is identity matrix,then x=
(EAMCET-1993)
1) 1 2) -1 3)

1 4) 0
76. A : A,B are two matrices then AB need not be
equal to BA
R : Matrix multiplication is associative
The correct answer is
1) Both A and R are true R is correct explanation
to A
2) Both A and R are true but R is not correct
explanation to A
3) A is true R is false
4) A is false R is true
77. A: If A=
1 1
1 1
(
(

;B=
2 2
2 2
(
(

then AB=0
R: If AB=0

A or B need not be null matrices

The correct answer is
1) Both A and R are true R is correct explanation
to A
2) Both A and R are true but R is not correct
explanation to A
3) A is true R is false 4) A is false R is true
78. If 'n' is a +ve integer and if
A =
cos sin
sin cos


(
(

then A A
n
=
1)
cos sin
sin cos


(
(

2)
cos sin
sin cos


(
(

3)
cos sin
sin cos
n n
n n


(
(

4)
cos cos
sin sin
n n
n n


(
(

79.
(
(
(

=
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
A
then N n A
n
e = ..., ..........
1)
I
2) A 3) 1/2A 4) 2A
80. If (

=
1 1
4 3
A
then A A
P
where is N Pe
1)
2 4
1 2
P P
P P
(
(

2) (

+
P P
P P
2 1
4 2 1
3) (

+
P P
P P 4 2 1
4) (

+
p p
p
2 1
4 2 1
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 9
81. If A =
0 0
0 0
0 0
a
a
a
(
(
(
(

then A A
n
=
1) a
n.
A 2) a
n-1
.A 3) a
n+1
.A 4) a
3n
I
82. If the matrix A =
1 1
1 1
| |
|

\ .
then A A
n+1
=
1) 2
1 1
1 1
| |
|

\ .
2) 2n
1 1
1 1
| |
|

\ .
3) 2
n
1 1
1 1
| |
|

\ .
4) 2
n+1
1 1
1 1
| |
|

\ .
83. If A=
1 1
1 1
| |
|
\ .
then n
e
N then A A
n
=
1) 2
n-1
A 2) 2
n
A 3) nA 4)2n
84. If
1 tan
tan 1

| |
|
\ .
1 tan
tan 1

| |
|

\ .
=
a b
b a
| |
|

\ .
1) a =1, b =-1 2) a =sec
2

, b=0
3) a=0, b =sin
2

4)a =sin2

, b=cos2

85. If n is a natural number and A =

5 8
2 3
(
(

then
A
n
=
1)
6 2 6
2 1 4
n n
n n
| |
|

\ .
2)
4 8
2 2 5
n n
n n
+ | |
|

\ .
3)
1 4 8
2 1 4
n n
n n
+ | |
|

\ .
4)
6 8
2 1 4
n n
n n
| |
|

\ .
86. If
1 2
0 1
A
(
=
(

then
n
A =
1)
1
0 1
n (
(

2)
2
0 1
n (
(

3)
1
0 2
n (
(

4)
1 2
0 1
n (
(

Transpose and properties of transpose of matrix
87. (

+
+
3 3
6 4
r
r
=
T
r
r
(

+
+
4 5
2 5
then r =
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) -1
88. If A = (

cos sin
sin cos
then A . A A
T
1) Null matrix 2) A 3) I
2
4) A
T
89. = = + x then XA AB A
T T
, ) (
1) B
T
2) I +B 3) I +B
T
4) B
T
A
T
90. If 3A +4B
T
=
7 -10 17
0 6 31
| |
|
\ .
and 2B-3A
T
=
1 18
4 6
5 7
| |
|

|
|

\ .
then B =
1)
1 3
1 0
2 4
| |
|

|
|

\ .
2)
1 3
1 0
2 4
| |
|
|
|
\ .
3)
1 3
1 0
2 4
| |
|

|
|
\ .
4)
1 3
1 0
2 4
| |
|
|
|
\ .
91. Which of the following is not true, if A and B are
two matrices each of order n x n, then
1) ' ' )' ( A B B A + = + 2) ' ' )' ( B A B A =
3) ' ' )' ( B A AB = 4) ' ' ' )' ( A B C ABC =
92. If
(
(
(

=
0 7 4
7 0 1
4 1 0
A
then A A
T
=
1) A 2) - A 3) I 4) A
2
93.
(
(
(

=
0 3 2
3 0 1
2 1 0
A If
then A +A A
T
=
1)
(
(
(

0 0 0
0 0 2
0 2 0
2)
(
(
(

4 0 0
0 3 0
0 0 1
3)
(
(
(

2 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 2
4)
(
(
(

2 0 0
0 2 0
2 0 2
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 10
94. If 5A =
3 4
4 x
| |
|
\ .
and A A A
T
=A
T
A=I then x=
1)3 2)-3 3)2 4)-2
95. If 2A+B
T
=
2 3
4 7
| |
|
\ .
, AA
T
-B =
4 5
0 1
| |
|
\ .
then A =----
1)
6 3
1
1 8 3
| |
|

\ .
2)
2 3
1 8
| |
|

\ .
3)
2 3
1
1 8 2
| |
|

\ .
4) 0
Problems on Order of Matrices :
96. If the order of A is 4 3, the order of B is
4 5 and the order of C is 7 3, then the order
of (A'B)'C' is
1) 4 5 2) 3 7 3) 4 3 4) 5 7
97. If A and B are two matrices such that A +B and
AB are both defined then
1) A and B are two matrices not necessarily of
same order
2) A and B are square matrices of same order
3) A and B are matrices of same type
4) A and B are rectangular matrices of same order
98. If a matrix has 13 elements, then the possible
dimensions (orders) of the matrix are
1) 1 13 or 13 1 2) 1 26 or 26 1
3) 2 13 or 13 2 4) 13 13
99. If A is 3 4 matrix 'B' is a matrix such that A'B
and BA
1
are both defined then B is of the type
1) 3 4 2) 3 3 3) 4 4 4) 4 3
100. If A=( 1 2 3 4) and AB =(3 4 -1)then the order of
matrix B is
1) 23 2) 33 3) 43 4) 13
SPECIAL TYPES OF MATRICES, SYMMETRIC &
SKEW SYMMETRIC MATRICES
101. (

2 7
6 1
=P +Q, where P is a symmetric & Q
is a skew-symmetric then P =
1)
(
(
(

2
2
13
2
13
1
2)
(
(
(

2
2
13
2
13
1
3)
(
(
(

2
2
1
2
1
1
4)
(
(

0
2
13
2
13
0
102. (

=
y
x
A
7
7
is a skew-symmetric matrix,
then (x,y) =
1) (1,-1) 2) (7,-7) 3) (0,0) 4)(14,-14)
103. If A
T
B
T
=C
T
then C =
1) AB 2)BA 3)BC 4)ABC
104. If A = (

2
2
then A is
1) an idempotent matrix 2) nilpotent matrix
3) an orthogonal matrix 4) symmetric
105. If A =
(
(
(

+
+
+
2 5 4 4 3
5 4 3 2
4 3 3 2 1
i i
i O i
i i
then A is
1) Hermitian2) Skew-Hermitian
3) Symmetric 4) Skew-Symmetric
106. If A =
(
(
(

3 2 1
4 3 1
4 2 2
then A is
1) an idempotent marix 2) nilpotent matrix
3) involuntary 4) orghogonal matrix
107. A : AB=A, and BA=B

A
n
+B
n
=A+B
R : AB=A, and BA=B

A and B are idempotent

The correct answer is
1) Both A and R are true R is correct explanation
to A
2) Both A and R are true but R is not correct
explanation to A
3) A is true R is false 4) A is false R is true
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 11
108. Observe the following lists :
List - I List - II
A) If A is a singular 1) (det A)
n-1
matrix then adj A is
B) If A is a square 2) an idempotent Matrix
matrix then detA=
C) If A
2
=A then A is 3) Singular
D) If A is square matrix 4) det A
T
of type n then det (adj A) =
5) a nil potent matrix
The correct match for list - I from list - II is
A B C D
1. 2 3 1 5
2. 3 4 2 1
3. 4 3 2 5
4. 1 2 3 4
109. Let A and B be
3 3
matrices such that A A
T
=-
A. B
T
=B. Then matrix
3 AB BA +
is a skew-
symmertric matrix for :
1)
3 =
2)
3 =
3) 3 3 or = = 4) 3 3 and = =
110. A skew - symmetric matrix cannot be of rank
1) 0 2) 1 3) greater than 1 4) 2
111. The maximum number of different possible non-
zero entries in a skew -symmatric matrix of or-
der n is
1) ( )
2
1
2
n n
2) ( )
2
1
2
n n +
3)
2
n
4) ( )
2
n n
112. If
6 8
,
2 10
S P Q
(
= = +
(

where P is a symmetric
& Q is a skew -symmetric matrix then Q=
1) (

0 5
5 0
2) (

0 5
5 0
3) (

0 8
8 0
4) (

0 6
6 0
113.
symmetric a is P Q P L ,
1 2 1
2 1 4
5 3 2
+ =
(
(
(

=
matrix, Q is a skew-symmetric matrix then
P =
1)
(
(
(

1 4 6
4 1 7
6 7 2
2)
(
(
(

1 4 6
4 1 7
6 7 2
3)
(
(
(
(

1 2 3
2 1
2
7
3
2
7
2
4)
(
(
(

2 4 6
4 2 7
6 7 4
114. If A=
2 3 2
3 2 1
4 1 5
x x (
(

(
(

is a symmetric matrix
then x=
1) 0 2)3 3)6 4)8
115. If A =
1 4
1 0 7
4 7 0
x | |
|

|
|

\ .
such that A A
T
=-A
then x =
1)-1 2)0 3)1 4)4
116. Then matrix A=
(
(
(
(

2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
is
1) unitary 2) orthogonal
3) nilpotent 4) involutary
117. List - I List - II
A=
2
2
2
1
1
1



(
(
(
(

1) Symmetric Matrix
is complex cube root of 1
B =
2 2 4
1 3 4
1 2 3
(
(

(
(

2) Skew symmetric
C=
a h g
h b f
g f c
(
(
(
(

3) Nil potent Matrix
D=
O c b
c O a
b a O
(
(

(
(

4) Singular Matrix
5) Idempotent Matrix
Match of list-I from list - I
MATRICES INDO-ASIAN PU COLLEGE 12
A B C D
1. 4 3 1 2
2. 4 3 2 5
3. 4 5 2 3
4. 4 5 1 2
118. If A =[a
ij
] is a square matrix such that
List - I List - II
A. a
ij
=1 if i=j 1. symmetricmatrix
=O if i
=
j
B. a
ij
=O if i
=
j 2. skew symmetric
matrix
C. a
ij
=O if i>j 3. unit matrix
D. a
ij
=i
2
-j
2

i, j 4. diagonal matrix
5. upper triangular
matrix
Correct match of List-I from List-II
A B C D
1. 3 4 5 1
2. 3 4 5 2
3. 3 5 4 2
4. 1 5 3 2
KEY
01) 2 02) 1 03) 2 04) 3 05) 1
06) 2 07) 3 08) 1 09) 3 10) 2
11) 2 12) 2 13) 1 14) 2 15) 3
16) 4 17) 3 18) 4 19) 4 20) 4
21) 4 22) 1 23) 1 24) 2 25) 1
26) 4 27) 3 28) 2 29) 2 30) 1
31) 3 32) 4 33) 2 34) 2 35) 3
36) 2 37) 1 38) 4 39) 2 40) 2
41) 2 42) 4 43) 1 44) 3 45) 4
46) 2 47) 1 48) 2 49) 2 50) 3
51) 1 52) 3 53) 3 54) 2 55) 3
56) 1 57) 1 58) 3 59) 3 60) 1
61) 1 62) 1 63) 4 64) 1 65) 3
66) 3 67) 4 68) 3 69) 2 70) 2
71) 1 72) 3 73) 4 74) 2 75) 4
76) 2 77) 1 78) 3 79) 2 80) 2
81) 2 82) 3 83) 1 84) 2 85) 3
86) 4 87) 1 88) 3 89) 3 90) 3
91) 3 92) 2 93) 1 94) 1 95) 1
96) 4 97) 2 98) 1 99) 1 100) 3
101) 1 102) 3 103) 2 104) 2 105) 1
106) 1 107) 1 108) 2 109) 1 110) 2
111) 4 112) 2 113) 3 114) 3 115) 2
116) 3 117) 4 118) 2