Introduction To The IES Handbook PDF

An Introduction to
The IES Lighting Handbook

10
th
Edition

An Introduction to the New IES Lighting Handbook
by David L. DiLaura

Lighting Handbook Editors

David L. DiLaura
Principal Illuminating Engineer
Acuity Brands Lighting

Gary R. Steffy
Principal
Gary Steffy Lighting Design

Richard G. Mistrick
Associate Professor of Architectural Engineering
Pennsylvania State University

Kevin W. Houser
Associate Professor of Architectural Engineering
Pennsylvania State University
(c) Kevin Beswick

Brief History of IES Handbooks
Why a New Book?
Initial Development; Setting, Scope, and Content
Characteristics and Format of the New Handbook
Highlights of Significant Changes

A bit of Lighting Handbook History

The 1
st
Handbook
Developed during 1942-1947

The 1
st
Handbook
Handbook Committee as overseer
Individual contributors
Produced by IES editorial staff

Beginning with the 8
th
Handbook
Independent contractor and editor
Committee authorship of chapters

Changes in the Lighting Industry
Rapid advance of solid-state lighting
Rise of environmental influences
Ever-diminishing power allotments for lighting

Changes affecting the IES
Increased competition for influence and authority
New generation of members from different backgrounds

A New Lighting Handbook: Setting the Stage

Handbook Task Force
Members:
Maninder Dhaliwal
Kevin Flynn (chair)
Stefan Graf
Rita Harrold
Matt Latchford
Alan L. Lewis
Paul Torcellini

Handbook Task Force
Recommendations regarding content
Recommendations regarding format
Marketing
Editor/Publisher

Contractor
David L. DiLaura, LC, FIES, AAAS, DSc(Hon)
Subcontractors
Gary R. Steffy, LC, FIALD, AIAMI(Hon)
Richard G. Mistrick, PhD, FIES, PE
Kevin W. Houser, PhD, PE, LC, LEED

Defining the New Lighting Handbook

Goals
Direct IES knowledge outward
Influence architectural lighting as it is practiced
Make specific recommendations

Audience
IES members
Broad range of lighting practitioners
Architects, Planners, Designers, Engineers, Distributors,
Contractors

Technology Content Update
Solid-State lighting
Visual performance and mesopic adaptation
Lighting Controls

Form and Format
Sustainable and revisable
References and active interlinks
Deliverable in several different media

Learning from the Past, Adjusting to the Present, and Predicting
the Future: the Form and Content of the New Lighting Handbook

Fundamentals Section with a Tight Focus
Lighting Design Issues Gathered into a Single Section
Highlighted Presence of Daylighting and Sustainability
New Illuminance Recommendations
Redefined Purpose and Intent of Application Chapters

Content of the New Lighting Handbook

Three Sections:
Framework
Background to lighting
Supporting information

Design
Principles of Lighting Design
Components of Lighting Design
An Approach to Lighting Design

Applications

Framework
Physics and Optics of Radiant Power
Vision: Eye and Brain
Photobiology and Nonvisual Effects of Optical Radiation
Perceptions and Performance P
Concepts and Language of Lighting P
Color P
Light Source: Technical Characteristics P
Luminaires: Forms and Optics
Measure of Light: Photometry
Calculation of Light and its Effect

Design
Lighting Design in the Building Design Process P
Components of Lighting Design P
Light Sources: Application Considerations P
Designing Daylighting P
Designing Electric Lighting P
Lighting Controls P
Energy Management
Economics
Sustainability P
Contract Documents P

Applications P
Lighting for Art
Lighting for Common Applications
Lighting for Courts and Correctional Facilities
Lighting for Education
Lighting for Emergency, Safety, and Security
Lighting for Exteriors
Lighting for Health Care
Lighting for Hospitality and Entertainment
Lighting for Libraries
Lighting for Manufacturing

Applications P
Lighting for Miscellaneous Applications
Lighting for Offices
Lighting for Residences
Lighting for Retail
Lighting for Sports and Recreation
Lighting for Transport
Lighting for Worship

Generating the Content

Editors Were Responsible for all Text
Topic and Sentence Outlines
Four editors generated topic outlines for all chapters
Topic Outline Approval
30 External experts
Revision and rewriting outlines
Handbook Task Force review
Board of Directors and TRC reviewed and approved

Chapter Production
One of 4 editors assigned as lead author
Full access to all comments and record of changes
Writing the Chapters
Text drafting by lead author
4 Editors internal review, and subsequent rewriting
External experts review, and subsequent rewriting
Final review and rewrite by lead author
IES Board of Directors and TRC review and approval
Development of Graphics

Formatting Changes and New Features

Formatting

Printed Version
Full color throughout
1270 pages

PDF Version
Fully searchable
12,000+ hyperlinks
96 Mbytes

Local Table of Contents
Section Numbering
Definitions, Details
Quick Locator Tabs

Resource Pointers

Custom Graphics to
Help Clarify and Abbreviate
the Text

Custom Graphics to
Help Clarify and Abbreviate
the Text

Custom Graphics to
Clarify and Abbreviate
the Text

Custom Graphics to
Clarify and Abbreviate
the Text

Framework

Design

Principles and Examples of Design Well Illustrated with
Tables and Photographs

Hundreds of Color
Photographs Demonstrate
Design Principles and Show
Examples of Lighting
Applications. All Linked to
Explanatory Text and
Tables.

Applications

Significant Changes in the Content of the New Lighting Handbook
Light Source Information: Data and Application
Daylighting
Tightly-Focused Application Chapters
New Illuminance Determination Procedure

Light Source Information: Data and Application
Daylighting

Two Chapters Devoted to Sources
Light Sources: Technical Characteristics
Electric Light Sources: Application Considerations

Revision of Light Sources Technical Information
Characteristics of
Sunlight and Skylight
Filament lamps
Fluorescent lamps
HID
Sold-State Sources

Revision of Light Sources Technical Information
In each case:
Principles of operation
Construction
Spectrum
Operating characteristics
Nomenclature

Source Application Considerations and Guidance
Efficacy, Life, and Lumen Maintenance
Auxiliary Equipment
Starting, Restriking, and Dimming
Color
Geometry, Distribution
Sustainability, Legislation, Standards, Cost of Light

Light Source Information, Data, and Application
Daylighting

Extensive Material on Daylighting
Daylighting design process
Programming
Daylighting design parameters and tools
Building orientation
Glazing materials
Daylight delivery systems
Shading devices
Daylight assessments

Principles and Methods Show with Detailed Examples

Daylighting

Separated from Committee Recommended Practice (RPs)
Limited Scope
Reference to applicable general principles in design
chapters
Analytic Recommendations
Illuminances
Luminances
Ratios and Uniformities
Maxima and Minima
Veiling Reflections
Daylighting Opportunities
Every Application
Chapter Has a Table of
Contents, An
Introduction to put the
Application in Context,
and References to
Material Common to all
Applications.

Every Application
Chapter Begins with a
Checklist of Design
Issues, Keyed to
Relevant Sections of the
Handbook

Daylighting

Need
Properly manage ever diminishing power allotments
Augment existing recommendations with more modes
Uniformities
Ratios
Maxima and Minima
Assert and maintain authority over recommendations

Required Characteristics
Fine granularity of ranges or steps
Account for
Task difficulty and importance
Age of observer
Environment
Mesopic Adaptation

New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Ranges



New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Age
Retina

Pupil

Lens

2.35
Decrease
in Pupil
Area

2.15
Loss
in
Light


2.35 Decrease
in Pupil Area x
2.15 Loss in
Light =
Transmittance
5 times Less Light
On the Retina

Conventional or legacy
recommendations are for
middle-age observers.
Old observers require twice
the illuminance
Young observers require
one-half the illuminance

New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Environment





Legacy Recommendations
Old tasks, previous two handbooks, existing RPs
New Recommendations
New tasks
New environmental constraints
Light trespass
Dark sky
Lighting Zones
Activity levels
Final Application Committee Approval
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Development

Specific Recommendations
Horizontal illuminance
Vertical illuminance
Illuminance location
Uniformity ratios
Maxima and Minima
Recommendations as to Gauge (Max, Min, Ave)
Flags for daylighting opportunities
Flags to indicate where the designer should establish
coverage
Cautions for veiling reflections
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Specification

New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
Research in Visual Performance at Mesopic Adaptation
under illuminances of different spectra
Realistic and simulated tasks
Reaction time measurements
Mesopic adaptation states
Various spectra

Photometry Based on Intermediate (mesopic) v( )
Functions Predicts Reaction Times

Scotopic Adaptation
Luminance < 0.001 cd/m
2

Mesopic Adaptations
0.001 cd/m
2
<

Luminance < 10 cd/m
2

Photopic Adaptation
Luminance > 10 cd/m
2

Adaptation State
Expressed as a Photopic Luminance
Spectrum
Expressed as a Ratio of Scotopic to Photopic Lumens

The New Handbook recommends the Average Photopic
Luminance in the Field of View be used to Determine the
State of Adaptation

The New Handbook recommends that the Spectrum be
specified by its S/P

S/P: Ratio of Scotopic to Photopic Lumens
A single number that indicates the relative amount of
short wavelength optical radiation in a spectrum S( )
Scotopic Lumens 1700 S( ) v( )d
S/P = =
Photopic Lumens 683 S( ) v( )d

The New Handbook recommends the use of Mesopic
Multipliers to Scale Photopic Recommended Illuminances
Multipliers depend on adaptation state
Multipliers depend on spectrum, as expressed by S/P
Multipliers provide the transformation (scaling) from
mesopic to photopic photometry
All analyses uses only photopic photometry

Luminance (0.03)
Source S/P (1.81)

Recommendation
multiplier (0.70)

Mesopic Multipliers can be used to:
Determine how the State of Adaptation and
The Spectrum of the Proposed Lighting System
Modify a Photopic Recommended Illuminance

Mesopic Multipliers should NOT be used to modify
Photopic Recommended Illuminances in Applications
where Vehicular Traffic Moves at Speeds > 40 kph (25
mph)

Determining a Mesopic Multiplier Requires Estimating the
Adaptation Luminance
The Average Luminance in the Field of View can be Used as
the Adaptation Luminance.

Recall that if a surface is diffusely reflective with a
reflectance of and enjoys an average illuminance of E,
then its average luminance L is:

If the illuminance is in lux, the luminance will be
candela/m
2
L E


If Other Information is not Available, it is Reasonable to
Assume that:
The photopic illuminance recommendation, E
rec
, will
be produced by a proposed lighting system
Thus, the average surface illuminance will be the
recommended photopic illuminance, E
rec

The average surface luminance will be
rec
L E


The Adaptation Luminance Depends on How Much of the
Field of View the Surface Fills
A parking garage floor that fills the field of view
The other of the field is assumed to be the dark sky
with a luminance of essentially zero
This would produce an adaptation luminance, L
a
, of

1 1
2 2
a rec
L L E


For Multiple Surfaces, the Average Luminance Depends
on the Luminance and Apparent Size of Each
The full field of view is 5 steradians in solid angle
If, for example, there are 3 surfaces with luminances
L
1
, L
2
, and L
3
, and

1
,
2
,
3
are the solid angles subtended to the
observer by the surfaces,
then the adaptation luminance, L
a
, is

1 1 2 2 3 3
5
a
L L L
L


Most of us will probably let Lighting Calculation Software
make these calculations for us


Summary

New, 10
th
Edition of the IES Lighting Handbook
Designed and Produced for the Widest Possible
Audience
Printed and PDF Formats
New, Focused Application Chapters
Flexible, Sustainable, Illuminance Recommendations
Extensive Daylighting, Sustainability, and Lighting
Control Information
Updated Electric Light Source Information
The Most Useful and Authoritative Lighting Reference
IES Lighting Handbook
10
th
Edition
http://www.ies.org/handbook
http://www.ies.org/handbook
Editors:
David L DiLaura
Kevin W Houser
Richard G Mistrick
Gary R Steffy
Publisher:
William Hanley
Technical Direction:
Rita Harrold
Special Thanks To:
IES Board of Directors
Technical Review Council
Application Committees

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An Introduction to

The IES Lighting Handbook

New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation

New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation

New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation

New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation

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