7/18/2014 Gas Power Plant - Layout and Operation PPT (1) Electrical Seminar Topics

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Gas Power Plant - Layout and Operation PPT
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Gas Power Plant - Layout and Operation
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Introduction
A generating station which employs gas turbine as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy is known as a gas turbine power plant
In a gas turbine power plant, air is used as the working fluid.
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7/18/2014 Gas Power Plant - Layout and Operation PPT (1) Electrical Seminar Topics
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The air is compressed by the compressor and is led to the combustion chamber where heat is added to air, thus raising its temperature.
Heat is added to the compressed air either by burning fuel in the chamber or by the use of air heaters.
The hot and high pressure air from the combustion chamber is then passed to the gas turbine where it expands and does the mechanical work.
The gas turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Compressor, gas turbine and the alternator are mounted on the same shaft so that a part of mechanical power of the turbine can be utilised for
the operation of the compressor.
Gas turbine power plants are being used as standby plants for hydro-electric stations, as a starting plant for driving auxiliaries in power plants
etc.
Advantages
It is simple in design as compared to steam power station since no boilers and their auxiliaries are required.
It is much smaller in size as compared to steam power station of the same capacity.
The initial and operating costs are much lower than that of equivalent steam PS.
It requires comparatively less water as no condenser is used.
The maintenance charges are quite small.
Gas turbines are much simpler in construction and operation than steam turbines.
It can be started quickly form cold conditions.
There are no standby losses.
Disadvantages
There is a problem for starting the unit. Once the unit starts, the
external power is not needed as the turbine itself supplies the necessary
power to the compressor.
Since a greater part of power developed by the turbine is used in driving
the compressor, the net output is low.
The overall efficiency of such plants is low (about 20%) because the
exhaust gases from the turbine contain sufficient heat.
The temperature of combustion chamber is quite high (3000oF) so that
its life is comparatively reduced.
Starting motor
Before starting the turbine, compressor has to be started.
For this purpose, an electric motor is mounted on the same shaft as that of the turbine and energised by the batteries.
Once the unit starts, a part of mechanical power of the turbine drives the compressor and there is no need of motor now.
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