Owen Merriman & Paul McKay

History and Biological Analogy

! Bee colony components
" Queen, Drones, Workers and Broods
! Bee Communication
" The Waggle Dance - Video (4:59)
! Bee Behaviour
1. Foraging behaviour
a. Nest site searching
b. Food source searching
2. Marriage behaviour
Computational Implementation
! Foraging behaviour
" Nest site searching
" Food source
searching
! Marriage behaviour
Publications [*]
Foraging behaviour Marriage behaviour
Bee Colony Optimization
! Initialize
Repeat
Choose partial solutions
Expand partial solutions
Return to hive
Recruit nestmates
Until (Stopping criterion)
Bees Algorithm
! Initialize with random sites
Repeat
Recruit bees for selected sites
Select fittest bees from each patch
Assign remaining to search randomly
Until (Stopping Criterion)
Artificial Bee Colony
! Initial Scout Bees Phase
Repeat
Employed Bees Phase
Onlooker Bees Phase
Scout Bees Phase
Until (Maximum Cycle/CPU time)
Artificial Bee Colony
Comparison of the ABC and the
BA for PID Controller Tuning
[6]
! Complicated fitness function.
" minimum overshoot, rise time, steady state
error and settling time in the step response.
! Although ABC has less control
parameters, exhibits better tuning
performance and convergence time.
Ant Colony Optimization
! Ants use pheromones for back tracking
route to food source. Bees instead use
Path Integration. Bees are able to compute
their present location from past trajectory
continuously.
! Bees algorithm is more efficient as it is
more scalable and requires lesser number
of steps.
! However, Bees algorithm is less adaptive
than ACO.
Task Scheduling and ANN
training
! Makespace optimization and Job
scheduling priorities and resource
allocation.
! ANN coefficient training optimization
applications
http://www.hindawi.com/isrn/artificial.intelligence/2012/426957.fig.002.jpg
Advantages & Limitations
! When compared to GAs, DE, and alternative
PSOs for various general assignment problems
and scheduling problems
[1][3]
" Best for multivariable multimodal function
optimization.
! Control parameter optimization.
" Spread of population into roles.
" Defining size of neighbourhood.
" Probabilistic selection vs deterministic.

Other Applications
! Statistical Quality Control
! Wood Defect Classifier
! Mechanical Design
! Electronic Design
! Clustering
! Job Scheduling
! Robotics
! Travelling Salesman Problem
References
1. Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and Its Application to Generalized Assignment
Problem (2007). - Adil Baykasolu, Lale zbakr and Pnar Tapkan,
University of Gaziantep, Department of Industrial Engineering.
2. Bee Algorithms, Maw-Sheng Chern. http://chern.ie.nthu.edu.tw/gen/10.pdf
3. Performance evaluation of Particle SwarmOptimization (PSO) and Artificial
Bee Colony (ABC)Algorithm (2011) . Ravi C. Butani, Bhavin D. Gajjar,
Electronics and Communication department, L.D. College of Engineering,
Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad, India.
4. Comparison of Ant Colony and Bee Colony Optimization for Spam Host
Detection, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development.
http://www.ijerd.com/paper/vol4-issue8/E04082632.pdf
5. A comparative study of Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. Applied Mathematics
and Computation Volume 214, Issue 1, 1 August 2009, Pages 108132.
6. Comparison of the Artificial Bee Colony and the Bees Algorithm for PID
Controller Tuning. Ozden ERCIN1 and Ramazan COBAN.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5946157


References
1. A Survey On Bee Colony Algorithms. Bitam et. Al (2009). A survey:
algorithms simulating bee swarm intelligence, Dervis Karaboga, Bahriye
Akay.
2. Bee Colony Optimization A Cooperative Learning Approach to Complex
Transportation Problems. Dusan Teodorovic, Mauro Orco.
3. The Bees Algorithm A Novel Tool for Complex Optimisation Problems D.T
Pham et. Al (2005)
4. Dervis Karaboga - An Idea Based On Honey Bee Swarm for Numerical
Optimization.