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Access Failure Analysis
lectuerauthor
ZTE corporation CDMA Network
Planning&Simulation Dept.
Mobile:
E-mail:
lectuerauthor
ZTE corporation CDMA Network
Planning&Simulation Dept.
Mobile:
E-mail:

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Course point
Understand and grasp the access attempt
process
Understand and grasp the user origination
call process and milestone
Understand and grasp the mainly causes of
the access failure
Understand and grasp the analysis methods
and troubleshooting workflow of access
process.

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syllabus
summarize summarize summarize
access attempt access access attempt attempt
origination flow origination flow origination flow
brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure
cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure
troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow

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summarize
Access is an attempt that the terminal
connect with system throuth a message
sended to BTS in the air, origination is
a important access type, including:
Mobile to LandMTOL
Land to MobileLTOM
This course only discuss the case of MTOL

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MTOL access failure definition
We define an origination as the case of a MS dial
a number.
MS cant complete access process in valied time
when network have enough resource,It is an access
failure.
There are some correlative timer for origination
process defined in IS-95 and cdma2000 protocol.Ms
will give up the attempt of accessing the network
when it miss the message from the BTS in valied
time.It is another type of access failure.

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summarize summarize summarize
access attempt access access attempt attempt
origination flow origination flow origination flow
brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure
cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure
troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow

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access attempt(1)

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access attempt(2

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access attempt(3

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access attempt process
1. MS send access probe sequence in access channel based on random
access protocol,waiting for the response from BTS.
2. If MS get BTS response in TA after sended the access probe,MS change to
next call phase;If MS cant get BTS response, Ms will increase PI power to
send access probe again after random RT frames.
3. With the up course,When Ms finish all the access probe(Num_Step,max.16)
included in access sequence,which parameters are setted in OMC,
(Max_Req_Seq and Max_Rsp_Seqindicate request access and response
access seperately,max.15),still can not receive the BTS response,so occor
an access failure.

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relatived parameter with access attempt

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syllabus
summarize summarize summarize
access attempt access access attempt attempt
origination flow origination flow origination flow
brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure
cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure
troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow

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Origination flow(air interface

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Origination milestone
M1 BTS validate response:after receive Origination message
from MS, BTS have to response for it.MS send Origination
message one after another before he get the message from BTS.
M2 channel assignment Message :BTS assign resource for
MS,setup a F-TCH and send channel designation message for
MS in F-PCH,start to send null frame in F-TCH.
M3 acquired F-TCH:after MS receive channel designation
message,it start to acquire F-TCH.
M4 BTS confirmation message:MS obtain F-TCH,send null
frame in R-TCH,waiting for BTS confirm message in F-TCH.
M5service connection message:BTS receive null frame in R-
TCH,send service connection message in F-TCH.

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Origination milestone time limit
Upward chart show the most time limit of every milestone ,system set
lost timer T40 and make it in active state all the time from access
attempt to M2 start.

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Origination process timer

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Typical access incident sequence
From detected MS Origination message to gotten Service Connection
Complete,all the access time will cost about 1.52s.

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syllabus
summarize summarize summarize
access attempt access access attempt attempt
origination flow origination flow origination flow
brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure
cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure
troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow

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Causes of access failure
Causes of access failure

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M1 milestone have not been achieved reason

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M2 milestone have not been achieved

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M3 milestone have not been achieved
When MS receive channel designate message,it should acquired
F-TCH(BS sent null frame).MS search null frame for T50m second,
It will give up seach if it hasnt lock channel.

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M4 milestone have not been achieved
Ms will send preamble in R-FCH after having acquired F-FCH.after BTS
have obtained R-FCH,it will send response message in F-FCH.if MS
didnt received BTS response message in T51m, it will make reinitialize.

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M5 milestone have not been achieved
We will take the access failure as a drop call and use drop call
analysis flow When MS have not received TCH connection
message.The reason are the TCH have been set up in forward
and reverse channel at the same time,and closed loop power
control and hand off message have being in active state.
BS and MS can exchange message for traffic neogation or
only communicate for service connect message when it is in
the process of service set up.

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syllabus
summarize summarize summarize
access attempt access access attempt attempt
origination flow origination flow origination flow
brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure
cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure
troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow

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access question type
Difficult to be paged and even worse page no response;
Normal attached subscriber be paged as the response:detached;
Difficult to make a call even worse cant make a call;
Access time too long ;
Other questions.
wireless parameter question;
system hardware and software question;
repeater question;
Router direction question;
Terminal question.

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cases1 wireless parameter factor
Question description
Many users feed back that MS cant response to any paging all the time
in the express way from location A to location B. Detail informantion:the
signal cover is ok,when the MS been paged on the express way,MSC often
clue to orignation you dial cant reach at a moment ,but after MS once
make a originate call,it can response any paging.
Question analysis
BTS which is relately to the coverage of express way from location A to
location B belongs to city A,B,C,D respectively,but all BTS belongs to one BSC.
according to phenomena descript before,two detail informantion have to be
considerate first:
1good wireless circumstance in the question road;
2Once user make an originate call,page question is inexistent;
The two detail information indicate that the page question and wireless
coverage have no relation,the reason lies in the terminal dont update its
register information in time or MSC make wrong paging group.

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cases1 wireless parameter factor
Question analysis
Check-up wireless parameters in OMC,find all the BTS was separated 4
page area in the BSC.
LAC code of area A,B,C,D are: 21072210732107421075.
REG_ZONE of area A,B,C,D are: 1111.
When one terminal moving from one location to another,if REG_ZONE dont
change,terminal will not update its register information in the database.when
MS is paged,swith send page message to register area and this lead to page fail.
Question deal with
REG_ZONE parameter of area A,B,C,D change to1234
experience summarize
SID parameter register parameter timer access parameter
frequency and authentication parameter and so on, all these wireless parameter
configuration error may lead to access question.

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cases2 system hardware and software factor
Question description
CDMA network of city A upgrade software to new versions so as to support
more new function,but after complete versions upgrad,all the call setup
success rate reduce from 97to 95.
Question analysis
Through collecting the traffic stastics of all service area in OMC we find a
phenomena:all the access process getting the SVE resource from 6th shelf
failed at last,so it is the SVE fault make the call access fail.
Question deal with
Change this SVE,call setup success rate resume normal.
experience summarize
If software and hardware of system are incomplete or have fault,It will
lead to access question.We should learn about the support capable of the
system software for the access first and if there are haredware fault before we
do troubleshooting.

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cases3 repeater factor
Question description
sector a of BTS A have low call success rate.base on statistic data,there
are too many call attempt from 4 to 6 am,almost come from one user and all
failed.
Question analisis
From information given by operator,there is a fiber repeater in the main
coverage area of this sector, repeater get signal from other BTS.This repeater
was verified didnt work at all in the cell site.we conclude that the fault of
repeater was made by abnormal call attempt.
Low the transmit power of sector a of BTS A in OMC,make BTS B cover this
area. After half hour,the stastics indicate call success rate of BTS B descend
and BTS A became normal.

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Question deal with
Take off terminal module of this repeater,problem vanished.
experience summarize
repeater have been use in many area,but it impact network performance at a
certain extent.for example repeater module repeater work abnormalrepeater
terminal module send abnormal call,all can lead to call fail.
For access question consist in repeater,we should start project from repeater.
cases3 repeater factor

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cases4 Router direction question
Question description
Terminal of CDMA make a call to PSTN of other city,waiting for a long time
and was informed later cant reach at a moment .probability is 50% through
long time traffic stastics.
Question analysis
Tit is verified that wireless network is normal because terminal can get the
cant reach at a moment which come from annouce board.It indicate that
problem maybe lies in gateway MSC. We make signal analysis in MSC and find
call assigned link to T1,MSC send IAI(initialization addrss indication)
message,no ACM message response from T1;no similar case happen in T2.
Conclusion:because T1 configration error,lead all calls to T1 fail.
Question deal with
Block the link of T1,and check parameter.
Experience summarize
Route direction question can lead to a big scale of outcall failure.

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cases5 coverage question
Question description
An operater feed back appear many second dial question after add some
new BTS in downtown area.
Question analyse
At first we make CQT in the area heavily effected by second dial,so we get
the result:origination call 618 times,fail 4,termination call 618 times,fail 10,total
call number is 1236,total fail number is 14, percent is 1.13%.page fail question
in these area is heavy.
Now we analyse one example about cant reach in a PN pollution area.In this
case,origination user get the information cant reach at a moment , indicate
origination user access process is normal.question lies in process of page.
From the signal message can see MSC send page request through A port at
17:16:28:880,send page message through air port at 17:16:29:040.

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Terminal should received page message at 17:16:03(OMC message track and
CNT1 test clock discrepancy 26s) ,but from the debug message of CNT1,handset
make idle handoff at this time,from PN246 to PN249,lead to terminal not received
corresponding page message .
cases5 coverage question

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Because of page fail,MSC send the second page message at17:16:35:840:
Analyse layer 3 message by CNT1,terminal have received corresponding
the second page message at 17:16:11:704,but handset make idle handoff from
PN249 to PN78,terminal neglect page message just before,lead to page fail,
origination user hear cant reach at a moment,please dial again later if
origination terminal make a call again,and the terminal doesnt makee idle
handoff,the termnal will respond page message and connect,this is the second
dial .
cases5 coverage question

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After RF optimization,reduce PN pollution in this area, avoid terminal idle
handoff in this area,question heve been solved at a certain extent.
experience summarize
After RF optimization ,the PN pollution have been reduced,it can improve
call setup success rate and page success rate ,reduce access question.
Question deal with
cases5 coverage question

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summarize summarize summarize
access attempt access access attempt attempt
origination flow origination flow origination flow
brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure brief cause of access failure
cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure cases analysis of access failure
troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow troubleshooting workflow

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call setup success rate
1Query the alarm information in OMC,check-up if there are any alarm
about hardware;
2Confirm if sector reverse RSSI is normal,check-up if there is wireless
interference;
3Confirm the two frequence have the same output power if the system is
double frequence system;
4confirm if the wireless parameter configuration is right.
5Analyse OMC data, varify if certain subscriber or certain hardware lead
to terminal access failure.
6Contrast BTS circumstance picture in network plan phase with current
circumstance picture,observe if wireless circumstance have change obviously;
7If these method cant fix the problem,we do the DT and CQT ,and combine
OMC data to locate the fault.

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Cant reach at a moment question
Many reason will lead terminal cant be
reached , familiar have three type:
network coverage;
idle handoff;
Performance of terminal.
Toward upwards several factor, we can
use below workflow to resolve the problem :

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Cases of terminal cant reach at a moment
1Confirm the coverage: find the number of Turn on register more larger
than the number of shut down register in period of time;page response rate
should change regularly in a day.
2After check the network coverage,next step is suggested to be follow
the analysis method described in previous chapter.
3We should analysis if there are too many idle handoff exclude of the
up two factor,Most cases of terminal cant reach at a moment in the good
network coverage have been lead by idle handoff.
4IF situation is as before,we can check the terminal performance. base
on many test result,some terminal make a worse performance on the
condition of not enough power.
5The last method of how to resolve the access fault is to make a CQT.

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course review
Access attempt process;
origination process and important
milestone
mainly causes of the access failure
analysis methods and troubleshooting
workflow of access process.

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