Code No: R7210202 1

II B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular/Supplementary Examinations, December 2009

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What are the important fluid properties? Write their units. Derive the equation of hydrostatic
pressure variation.
(b) Find the kinematic viscosity in stokes for a liquid with specific gravity 0.95 and dynamic viscosity
0.011 poise. [10+6]

2. (a) Explain how the fluid flows are classified? Explain the sketches where necessary.
(b) Find the equation of stream line passing through (2,2) for the fluid flow
v = −y 2 i − 6xj. [8+8]

3. (a) What is coefficient of a venturi meter? Why is its value more than that of an orifice meter?
(b) A venturimeter of 150mm × 75m is installed in a horizontal pipeline carrying an oil of specific
gravity 0.90. The difference of pressure head between the inlet and throat recorded by U tube
differential manometer is 175mm of mercury. Determine the discharge through the pipe taking
coefficient of discharge of the meter as 0.97. [6+10]

4. (a) A jet of water 70 mm diameter and having a velocity of 30m/sec, impinges at the centre of a
hemispherical vane. The linear velocity of vane is 10m/sec in the direction of the jet. Find the
force exerted on the vane and efficiency of the jet.
(b) Explain how the jet gets distributed at two tips when a jet of water strikes an inclined stationary
plate at the centre. What will be the work done? [8+8]

5. (a) What are penstocks? What is meant by economical diameter of a penstock. How can it be found.
(b) What are the functions of a surge tank. Describe with neat sketches, the behavior of various
types of surge tanks. [8+8]

6. (a) Draw a schematic diagram of a Francis turbine and explain briefly its construction and working.
(b) A Pelton wheel having a mean bucket diameter of 1.0 m is running at 1000 r.p.m. the side
clearance angle is 150 and discharge through the nozzle is 0.1 m3 /s, determine power available at
the nozzle and hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. [16]

7. (a) What is cavitation? How can it be avoided in reaction turbine?

(b) What is governing and how it is accomplished for different types of water turbines?
[8+8]

8. (a) What is priming? Why is it necessary? Explain how it is done.

(b) Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep well under a total head of 156 m.
Also, the pumps are identical and are running at 1000 r.p.m. The specific speed of each pump is
given as 20 while the rated capacity of each pump is 150 lit/s. [8+8]

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Code No: R7210202 2
II B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular/Supplementary Examinations, December 2009
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Derive the equation for the pressure difference in a soap bubble and a water droplet.
(b) A 6m deep tank contains 4m of water and 2m of oil of relative density 0.88. Determine the pressure at the
bottom of the tank. [8+8]

2. (a) How can you find the flow direction by applying Bernoulli’s equation between two points?
(b) A pipe line carrying Turpentine of relative density 0.87 changes in diameter from 300 mm at section X to
600mm at section Y which is 5m at a higher level. The pressures at section X and Y are 100 Kpa and
80Kpa respectively. The discharge of Turpentine in the pipe line is 350lit/sec. Determine the loss of hed
and the direction of flow. [6+10]

3. (a) What is a flow nozzle? What are its uses? State the principle on which it works?
(b) A pitot tube is placed in the center of a 200mm pipe line carrying water. The difference between the
stagnation pressure and static pressure is 40mm of water. The discharge in the pipe is 1.36 m3 /minute.
The mean velocity in the pipe is 0.83 of the central velocity. Find the coefficient of the pitot tube. [8+8]

4. (a) A jet of water of 86 mm diameter strikes a curved vane at the centre with a velocity of 30 m/sec. The
curved vane is moving with a velocity of 8m/sec in the direction of the jet. Find the force exerted on the
plate in the direction of the jet, power and efficiency of the jet. Assume that the plate is smooth.
(b) Explain, how you find the impact of jet striking an unsymmetrical fixed curved plate at one of the tips.
[8+8]

5. (a) Explain firm power and secondary power in detail

(b) What are the different methods of classifying the hydroelectric power plants. Explain. [8+8]

6. (a) What do you mean by gross head, net head and efficiency of a turbine? Explain the different types of the
efficiencies of a turbine.
(b) A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 35 m/s with a jet of water flowing at the rate of 1 m3 /s under
a head of 270 m. The buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 1700 . Calculate the power delivered to
the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume co-efficient of velocity as 0.98. [16]

7. (a) Obtain an expression for unit speed, unit discharge and unit power for a turbine.
(b) A Pelton wheel is revolving at a speed of 200 r.p.m. and develops 5886 kW S.P when working under a head
of 200 m with an overall efficiency of 80%. Determine unit speed, unit discharge and unit power. The speed
ratio for the turbine is given as 0.48. Find the speed, discharge and power when this turbine is working
under a head of 150 m. [8+8]

8. (a) Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single-stage centrifugal pump with sketches.
(b) The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump are 30 cm and 60 cm respectively.
The pump is running at 1000 r.p.m. The vane angles at inlet and outlet are 200 and 300 respectively. The
water enters the impeller radially and velocity of flow is constant. Determine the work done by the impeller
per unit weight of water. [8+8]

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Code No: R7210202 3
II B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular/Supplementary Examinations, December 2009
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What are the absolute and kinematic viscosities? Derive the equations for them. Discuss what factors will
influence them.
(b) Estimate the pressure inside a water droplet of size of 0.3mm. Assume σ=0.073N/m.
[10+6]

2. (a) Kerosene of specific gravity 0.80 is flowing through a tapering pipe having diameters 300 mm and 150 mm
at sections A and B respectively. The flow rate through the pipe is 50 lit/sec and pressure at section A is
350 Kpa. What will be the pressure at section B. Neglect the losses.
(b) Discuss any two important applications of Bernoulli’s equation. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the working of a venturi meter fitted in a vertical pipe line. Draw a neat sketch and explain.
Explain why the coefficient of discharge of venturimeter is more when compared to that of orifice meter.
(b) In a pitot tube the stagnation pressure is 3 KPa and the static pressure is -2.2Kpa. The fluid flowing is air
of mass density 1.2 Kg/m3 . Calculate the velocity of flow by taking the instrument coefficient as 0.98.[8+8]

4. (a) State the momentum equation and explain how it is used to analyze the cases of jet striking at the centre
of a moving curve plate.
(b) A 50 mm diameter jet having a velocity of 40 m/sec, strikes a flat plate at 45 degrees to the normal of the
plate. Calculate the normal force exerted on the plate when the plate is stationary and when the plate is
moving with a velocity of 15m/sec in the direction of the jet. [8+8]

5. (a) Discuss the relative merits and demerits of hydropower as compared to other power sources.
(b) Describe how water power potential is estimated before any power plant is contemplated. [8+8]

6. (a) Draw a schematic diagram of a Francis turbine and explain briefly its construction and working.
(b) A Pelton wheel having a mean bucket diameter of 1.0 m is running at 1000 r.p.m. the side clearance angle
is 150 and discharge through the nozzle is 0.1 m3 /s, determine power available at the nozzle and hydraulic
efficiency of the turbine. [16]

7. (a) What is cavitation? How can it be avoided in reaction turbine?

(b) What is governing and how it is accomplished for different types of water turbines?
[8+8]

8. (a) What is priming? Why is it necessary? Explain how it is done.

(b) Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep well under a total head of 156 m. Also, the
pumps are identical and are running at 1000 r.p.m. The specific speed of each pump is given as 20 while
the rated capacity of each pump is 150 lit/s. [8+8]

?????
Code No: R7210202 4
II B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular/Supplementary Examinations, December 2009
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) How does the pressure vary with depth in a static fluid. Derive the required equation.
(b) Calculate the guage pressure and the absolute pressure with in
i. A droplet of water 0.4cm in diameter
ii. A jet of water 0.4cm in diameter. [8+8]

2. (a) Define and explain stream line, path line and streak line in fluid mechanics.
(b) For the following flow, find the equation of the streamline passing through (1.1)
v = 3xi − 3yj [8+8]

3. (a) Explain how converging cone and diverging cones are proportioned in a venturi meter with the help of a
neat sketch. What will be the ratio of throat diameter and pipe diameter.
(b) A mercury filled U tube differential manometer connected across a 10cm × 5cm venturimeter records a level
difference of 3 cm for the flow of an oil of specific gravity 0.90. Calculate the discharge. [8+8]

4. (a) A flat plate hinged about its top edge is vertically downwards. It weighs 10 KN. A jet of water 50 mm
in diameter and 40m/sec velocity strikes normal to the plate at its mid point. Determine the angle of
deflection where it stays in equilibrium.
(b) Analyze the case of a jet striking a fixed symmetric semi circular plate at one of the tips and derive the
required equations to find the impact. [8+8]

5. (a) What are valves used in a penstock. Explain with neat sketches, various types of valves with their suitability
under various conditions.
(b) What is intake structures. Explain different types with the help of neat sketches.
[8+8]

6. (a) Draw a schematic diagram of a Francis turbine and explain briefly its construction and working.
(b) A Pelton wheel having a mean bucket diameter of 1.0 m is running at 1000 r.p.m. the side clearance angle
is 150 and discharge through the nozzle is 0.1 m3 /s, determine power available at the nozzle and hydraulic
efficiency of the turbine. [16]

7. (a) Define the term Governing of a turbine. Describe with a neat sketch the working of an oil pressure governor
(b) A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 29 m develops 1287.5 kW S.P. If the speed ratio is equal to 2.1,
flow ratio = 0.62, diameter of boss = 0.34 times the diameter of the runner and overall efficiency of the
turbine = 89%, find the diameter of the runner and the speed of turbine. [8+8]

8. (a) How will you determine the possibility of the cavitation to occur in the installation of a turbine or a pump?
(b) A single-acting reciprocating pump running at 30 r.p.m., delivers 0.012 m3 /s of water. The diameter of the
piston is 25 cm and stroke length 50 cm. Determine:
i. The theoretical discharge of the pump
ii. Co-efficient of discharge, and
iii. Slip and percentage slip of the pump. [8+8]

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