BALEIA-1 Well Evaluation Report

Timor Sea Block JPDA 06 Timor Sea Block JPDA 06--102 102
BALEIA BALEIA--11
WELL EVALUATION REPORT WELL EVALUATION REPORT
By By
Timor Sea Exploration Team Timor Sea Exploration Team
JULY 2010 JULY 2010
BALEIA-1 WELL EVALUATION REPORT, BLOCK JPDA 06-102, OFFSHORE TIMOR-LESTE
CONFIDENTIAL, JULY2010 PAGE 2 OF 29
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..
LIST OF FIGURES ..
LIST OF TABLES .
LIST OF APPENDIXES.. .
LIST OF ENCLOSURES.....
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...
2.0 PRE-DRILL SUMMARY.
3.0 POST-DRILL SUMMARY..
4.0 GEOPHYSICS DISCUSSION ..
4.1 SEISMIC DATA..
4.2 DATA QUALITY.
4.3 WELL DATA
4.4 WELL-TO-SEISMIC CORRELATION.
4.5 SEISMIC INTERPRETATION
4.6 TIME TO DEPTHCONVERSION.
4.7 ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS.
5.0 GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION..
5.1 REGIONAL SETTING...
5.1.1 BASIN TECTONIC HISTORY ...
5.1.2 STRUCTURAL HISTORY OF NORTHERN BONAPARTE BASIN .
6.0 PETROLEUM SYSTEM
6.1 PETROLEUM SYSTEM SUMMARY .....
6.2 SEAL .... ..
6.3 TRAP...
6.4 HYDROCARBON SOURCE.....
6.5 SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL..
6.6 MATURITY AND HYDROCARBON GENERATION..
6.7 MIGRATION AND TIMING
7.0 RESERVOIR EVALUATION..
7.1 CALLOVIAN ELANG FORMATION..
7.2 BATHONIAN-BAJOCIAN PLOVER FORMATION..
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8.0 G & G SPECIALIZED STUDY..
9.0 HYDROCARBON RESOURCE ASSESSMENT .......
9.1 PETROPHYISICAL ANALYSIS...
9.2 RISKING ON PETROLEUM SYSTEM...
9.2.1 SOURCE ROCK....
9.2.2 RESERVOIR...
9.2.3 TRAP
9.2.4 MIGRATION
10.0 CONCLUSIONS..... ...
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION OF THE BALEIA - 1
FIGURE 1.2: BALEIA-1 DRILLING PROGRAM PLAN VERSUS ACTUAL
FIGURE 1.3: BALEIA-1 LOGGING PROGRAM
FIGURE 1.4: BALEIA-1 TOP FORMATION DEPTH PROGNOSIS VERSUS ACTUAL
DEPTH
FIGURE 4.1: BLOCK JPDA 06-102, 2D AND 3D SEISMIC DATABASE MAP
FIGURE 4.2: SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAM OF BALEIA-1 WELL
FIGURE 4.3: MAKIKIT -1 SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAM
FIGURE 4.4: MAKIKIT-1 AVO SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAM
FIGURE 4.5: MAKIKIT-1 VSP GEOGRAM
FIGURE 4.6: TOP OF ELANG POST-DRILL DEPTH STRUCTURE MAP
FIGURE 4.7: INLINE 2301 THROUGH BALEIA-1 WELL
FIGURE 4.8: INLINE 2301 THROUGH BALEIA-1 WELL (ZOOM-IN)
FIGURE 4.9: CROSSLINE 3784 THROUGH BALEIA-1 WELL
FIGURE 4.10: CROSSLINE 3784 THROUGH BALEIA-1 WELL (ZOOM-IN)
FIGURE 4.11: RANDOM LINE THROUGH MAKIKIT-1 AND BALEIA-1 WELL
FIGURE 4.12: MAKIKIT-1 VERSUS BALEIA-1 TIME/DEPTH CURVE
FIGURE 5.1: STRATIGRAPHIC SUMMARY OF THE BONAPARTE BASIN
FIGURE 5.2: TECTONIC ELEMENTS OF THE BONAPARTE BASIN
FIGURE 6.1: BALEIA-1 POST-DRILL CORRELATION
FIGURE 6.2: HORIZON FLATTENING AT MAKIKIT-BALEIA STRUCTURE
FIGURE 6.3: POSSIBLE HYDROCARBON MIGRATION PATH
FIGURE 6.4: FLUID INCLUSION STRATIGRAPHY (FIS) RESULTS (MAKIKIT-1)
FIGURE 6.5: KEROGEN TYPE AND MATURITY PROFILE FOR MAKIKIT-1
FIGURE 6.6: SOURCE ROCK IN FLAMINGO AND ELANG/PLOVER FORMATIONS
(MAKIKIT-1)
FIGURE 6.7: POST-DRILL PRESENT-DAY MATURITY MAP AND HYDROCARBON
GENERATION PHASE MAP AT TOP PLOVER FORMATION (SOURCEROCK)
FIGURE 6.8: JPDA 06-102 POST-DRILL TIMING OF OIL AND GAS EXPULSION CHARTS
FIGURE 6.9: BALEIA-1 PETROPHYSICAL LOGS ANALYSIS RESULTS
FIGURE 6.10: BALEIA-1 ELANG FORMATION SAMPLE CUTTINGS DESCRIPTION
FIGURE 6.11: BALEIA-1 ELANG FORMATION WATER SAMPLE
FIGURE 6.12: MAKIKIT-1 ELANG FORMATION PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
FIGURE 6.13: MAKIKIT-1 PLOVER FORMATION PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 4.1: LIST OF HORIZONS INTERPRETED
TABLE 9.2: PETROHYSICAL PARAMETRES FOR GAS CASE AT ELANG/PLOVER
FORMATION
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX 1: BALEIA-1 SIDE WALL CORE DESCRIPTION
APPENDIX 2: PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION REPORT
ENCLOSURES
ENCLOSURE: TOP ELANG RESERVOIR DEPTH STRUCTURE MAP (1:25,000 SCALE)
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Baleia-1 well was a vertical exploration well drilled in Block JPDA 06-102, Bonaparte
Basin, offshore Timor-Leste. It is the last of the three commitment wells drilled in Block
JPDA 06-102, Timor-Leste. The wells surface location is in water depth of 78.6 m, and
is approximately 1.6 kilometres east of Makikit-1, 14.3 kilometres northeast of Bayu-4,
17.5 kilometres northwest of Mistral-1, 18.6 kilometres east of Elang-1 and 42.6
kilometres northwest of Fohn-1 (Figure 1.1). MakikitBaleia Complex is situated about
300 kilometres SW from Dili and 500 kilometres NW from Darwin Supply Base. The well
was spudded on the 9
th
March 2010 using the Ocean Shield jack-up rig.
The main objective for Baleia-1 is to revisit the Makikit-Baleia Complex due to the
inconclusive result of Makikit-1 well drilled in the same structure. This Baleia-1 well is
proposed to re-evaluate the Makikit-Baleia Complex since Makikit-1 well logs analysis
indicate presence of hydrocarbons in the Callovian Elang/Plover clastic sequences
below the Flamingo Formation. This target has been tested in the Makikit-1 well but due
to the borehole condition problem, most of the acquired data were not conclusive
enough to confirm the status of the well.
The wells location and trajectory (Figure 1.2) was purposely designed to explore the
hydrocarbon potential of the fault bounded 3-way dip closure Makikit-Baleia Structure. The
results of the regional tectonic study, combined with well information from offset wells and
seismic interpretation were incorporated into Baleia-1 final well drilling program.
Baleia-1 well was drilled vertically from the seabed (78.6m MDDF) and successfully set
the 20 casing and 13 3/8 casing at 715.6 m TVDDF (716m MDDF) and 2182.7m
TVDDF (2184m MDDF).
The HC shows had been indicated from the cuttings while drilling in the targeted reservoir
section from depth 3276 3355 m MDDF. The gamma ray and resistivity wireline logging
results indicated the presence of hydrocarbons in the reservoir objectives at the depth
3276 to 3355 m MDDF. However, only three (3) valid pressures data was acquired out of
thirty (30) points attempted from depth interval 3286.8 - 3318 m MDDF within the targeted
reservoir section. These valid pressure point s have indicated the presence of water below
the HC indicative reservoir.
MDT Dual Packer has been applied for the fluid sampling and acquired a sample from
depth 3286.6 m MDDF. The analysis indicated the sample as formation water with
contamination of mud filtrate. The salinity measured ranged between 41,000 to 44,000
mg/l and 5.2 to 5.7% of NaCl.
Sidewall cores (CST) were taken in the reservoir section from depth 3273m MDDF to
3411m MDDF and the detail was shown in Appendix 1. No production test was carried
out from this well. The planned and the actual of Baleia-1 logging program and formation
tops are shown in Figure 1.3 and Figure 1.4.
Baleia-1 was plugged and abandoned with gas show on 24 April 2010.
2.0 PRE-DRILL SUMMARY
OPERATOR PC (TIMORSEA 06-102) LTD.
WELL NAME / TYPE BALEIA-1/EXPLORATION
BLOCK BLOCK JPDA06-102, OFFSHORE TIMOR-LESTE
WELL OBJECTIVES
The objectives are to explore the hydrocarbon potential of
Elang/Plover Formation Sandstone
RESOURCES (STOIIP/GIIP/CIIP)
BEST ESTIMATE
Elang/Plover - Callovian sandstone: STOIIP 222 MMSTB
(P50)
OFFSET WELLS
Makikit-1 ( 1.6kilometres West), Mistral-1 (17.5 kilometres
SSE), Bayu-4 (14.3 kilometres SW), Elang-1 (18.6
kilometres W), Elang-3 (16 kilometres W), Fohn-1 ( 42.6
kilometres SE)
DISTANCE TO BASE/ FACILITY Approx. 500m from Darwin, Australia
WATER DEPTH 77.0 metres
PROPOSEDLOCATIONS
SURFACE LOCATION:
SEISMIC LINE : INTERSECTION OF3D SEISMIC LINES:
INLINE 2301 AND CROSSLINE 3784
Latitude: 10 54' 1.694"S
Longtitude: 126 45' 26.593"E
Y: 8,794,118m N
X: 254,868m E
PROPOSEDTD 3,500m TVDss (+/-100 metres)
RIG&DRILLINGCONTRACTOR Ocean Shield/ Diamond L.L.C
ESTIMATEDWELLCOST
USD44.7 Million
Dry Hole : USD38 Million
ESTIMATEDSPUDDATE February 2010
3.0 POST-DRILL SUMMARY
WELL STATUS P&A with gas show
SPUD DATE 9 March 2010 @ 21:30hrs
PLUG AND ABANDONED 24 April 2010
RIG / TYPE / DFE Ocean Shield / Jack-up
LOCATION
Latitude : 10 54' 01.714" S
Longitude : 126 45' 26.617" E
Northing : 8 794 117. 39 m
Easting : 254 868.73 m
ACTUAL TOTAL DEPTH 3414.6 m TVDDF/ 3376.22m TVDSS
DATE TD REACHED 9 April 2010 at 20: 45 hrs
TOTAL DAY TO WELL
COMPLETION
47 days
ACTUAL WELL COST USD 39 Million
WATER DEPTH 78.6 metres
TOP OF MARKERS
TOP
FORMATION
DEPTH
m MDDF m TVDDF m TVDSS
Seabed 117.0 78.6 40.2
Oliver 691.0 690.6 652.2
Hibernia 738.0 737.6 699.2
Johnson 1548.0 1546.9 1508.5
Vee 2044.0 2042.8 2004.4
Wangaralu 2470.0 2468.6 2430.2
Darwin 2987.0 2985.2 2946.8
Echuca Shoals 3030.0 3028.1 2989.7
Flamingo 3082.0 3080.0 3298.3
Elang 3273.0 3270.8 3232.7
Plover 3339.0 3336.7 3298.6
TD 3417.0 3414.6 3376.2
4.0 GEOPHYSICSDISCUSSION
4.1 SEISMICDATA
The JPDA 06-102 area is covered by 2D and 3D seismic data (Figure 4.1). The
interpretations of the 2D seismic lines cover the northern and middle part of the Block
JPDA 06-102. The 2D seismic interpretation identified all the available leads within the
block and determines which leads are prospective enough to continue with more detail
study by acquiring 3D seismic. The proposed 3D seismic data covers the Makikit-Baleia,
Paus and Tubaraun structures.
The 3D seismic data was acquired by the CGGVeritas vessel MV Orion that towed six
streamers with a separation of 100 metres giving a total width of 500 metres. The active
length of streamers is 6 km long, towed at a depth of 6 metres and consist of 480
channels. The energy source was comprised of two 2,940 cubic inch air guns, towed
astern of the vessel, separated at 50 metres between ideal centers and at a depth of 5
metres. The sources were fired in a flip-flop mode with alternate 2,940 cubic inch arrays; a
7.0 second record length with 18.75 metres pop interval (37.5 metres shotpoint interval)
was used giving a coverage fold of 80. The acquired data was processed at
WesternGecos processing centre in Kuala Lumpur. The processed 3D seismic data was
delivered to PCTSL in mid June 2008.
The Makikit-Baleia structure was interpreted on both 3D and 2D seismic data. The 2D
seismic data interpretation was merged with the acquired 3D seismic data to better image
the west flank of Makikit-Baleia structure.
4.2 DATAQUALITY
The 3D seismic data quality is generally fair to good. The shallow carbonate sections
within the JPDA were the main cause for the data deterioration which leads to significant
signal loss at reservoir level.
4.3 WELLDATA
The well information was obtained mainly from the Baleia-1 well and Makikit-1 well which
located approximately 1.6 km to the West of Baleia-1. The well data from both wells were
calibrated and used as references for re-mapping the Post Drill map over the Makikit-
Baleia structure.
4.4 WELL-TO-SEISMIC CORRELATION
Main well to seismic tie was obtained from the Synthetic Seismogram of Makikit-1 well.
The top of Elang sand (Base Flamingo Unconformity) of Baleia-1 well is situated at the
casing shoe (Figure 4.2) and the well did not have any VSP run for comparison.
Therefore, the main synthetic seismogram used for the Makikit-Baleia structure would
still be the one generated from Makikit-1 well logs (Figure 4.3).
The seismic 3D lines were processed with a PCSB standard normal polarity but it was
loaded into the workstation as a reverse polarity dataset. Based on the synthetic
generated the increase in impedance of the top of Elang sand (Base Flamingo
Unconformity) falls on a black peak (Figure 4.3 and 4.4). This was further supported
by the Makikit-1 VSP Geogram (Figure 4.5).
4.5 SEISMIC INTERPRETATION
The Makikit-Baleia structure was interpreted on both 2D and 3D seismic data. The Elang
formation was interpreted on the 3D data as a black peak. The Makikit-Baleia structure
was interpreted using 3D data on every 10 In-line and 10 Cross-line spacing to define the
fault and structure.
Interpretation from 2D and 3D seismic data was merged to give a better delineation of the
Elang East and Makikit-Baleia structures. Interpretation of the Elang Formation shows that
both Elang East and Makikit-Baleia structures are located on the same West-East trending
normal fault block and were separated by a saddle between them (Figure 4.6).
Generally, 8 horizons representing the different ages were mapped on 2D seismic data
(Figure 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10 and 4.11). The Intra-Triassic and Base Permian horizons were
not interpretable on most seismic lines due to poor seismic data resolution. Table 4.1
below shows the main interpreted horizons.
Table 4.1: List of horizons interpreted.
Schlumbergers PETREL software was utilized to carry out a standard interpretation
workflow, which is summarized below:
1. Horizon picking
2. Fault & horizon interpretation
3. Gridding and Contouring
4. Generating Two-Way-Time (TWT) maps.
5. Generating depth structure maps.
Based on adjacent well and regional stratigraphic chart, the horizons picked on seismic
data represent the formation top listed on table above. However not all lithological
changes observed on well logs and cuttings are significant on seismic data due to the
average seismic data quality and limitation on seismic data resolution.
Below listed the seismic characteristic of some of the reflector interpreted as the top of the
Formation:
Base Eocene (Johnson Formation)
The Paleocene Johnson Formation of dominantly contains interbedded argillaceous
calcilutites, marls and calcareous claystones. The significant reflector with strong peak
amplitude represents the Johnson Fm. Top.
HORIZON AGE MA FORMATION SEISMIC EVENT
WATER BOTTOM PRESENT DAY TIMOR SEA TROUGH
BASE EOCENE EOCENE 57 JOHNSON PEAK
TURONIAN MFS TURONIAN 91 WANGARLU TROUGH
BASE APTIAN BASE APTIAN 123 ECHUCA SHOALS TROUGH
BASE FLAMINGO OXFORDIAN 157 ELANG PEAK
Turonian MFS (Wangarlu Formation)
The Albian Wangarlu Formation is a claystone unit. The claystones are reasonably
consistent over the unit, although begin to grade to siliceous claystone at the base. The
top of Wangarlu Fm. is very significant on seismic data and was picked on the trough.
Base Aptian (Echuca Shoal Formation)
The Barrimian Echuca Shoal Fm. overlies the Darwin Fm. represented mainly by clayey
materials with occasionally traces of carbonaceous material. The significant reflector with
strong trough amplitude represents the top of Eucuha Shoal Fm. This reflector is easily
correlated on the well to seismic and were used as seismic-well marker to determine the
expected reservoir top while drilling.
Base Flamingo (Elang Formation)
Unconformably underlying the Flamingo is Callovian Elang Formation. Contained within
this reservoir unit are beds of silty claystones, claystones, argillaceous and silty
sandstones, argillaceous silt and sandy siltstone. Unlike the 2D data, top of Elang was
represented by a significant reflector in the 3D data. Based on the well data, Top of Elang
on 3D should be picked on the peak.
The most challenging step in the interpretation workflow was the fault and horizon
interpretation. The identified faults were checked in every adjacent 3D line to understand
the nature of the throw and each fault were defined as normal faults. Generally the faults
are observed as an east-west trending normal faults at the Baleia structure. The
displacement of the faults ranges between 100 to 400 metres.
4.6 TIME TODEPTH CONVERSION
The poly equation derived from Makikit-1 T-Z curve is used in converting the time maps to
depth. The Baleia-1 and Makikit-1 T-Z curves ties well at reservoir level. (Figure 4.12).
The formulation for T-D conversion used is:
Y = 0.00002x + 1.5766x (Figure 4.12)
Due to the poor quality of the 3D Seismic Stacking Velocity and the stability of the velocity
within the Bonaparte Basin, no velocity model was generated for the depth conversion.
4.7 ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS
Based on the AVO feasibility studies carried out in-house, Elang sands falls under the
Type 3 AVO sands which if hydrocarbon bearing will becomes dimmer with offset.
Attributes analysis have been attempted to chase this dim effect however no significant
trend can be deduced therefore was not shown in this report. This was due to low signal
frequency and some noises together with fair to poor data quality especially near the
structure location.
5.0 GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
5.1 REGIONAL SETTING
The Bonaparte Basin located predominantly offshore, covers approximately 270,000
square kilometres of Australias north continental margin. The basin contains up to 15
kilometres of Phanerozoic, marine and fluvial, siliciclastic and carbonate sediments.
The basin had undergone two phases of Paleozoic extension, a Late Triassic
compressional event and further extension during the Mesozoic. Convergence of the
Australian and Eurasian plates in the Miocene to Pliocene resulted in flexural downwarp of
the Timor Trough and widespread fault reactivation across the western Bonaparte Basin.
The Summary of Geological Elements of Bonaparte Basin are shown in Figure 5.1
5.1.1 BASIN TECTONICS HISTORY
The Bonaparte Basin is structurally complex and comprises numbers of Palaeozoic and
Mesozoic sub-basins and platform areas.
The main depocentres of the Bonaparte Basin (Figure 5.2) occured within the offshore
Petrel Sub-basin, its outboard extension, the Sahul Syncline and the Malita Graben, an
orthogonal depocentre in the east of the Basin. The Bonaparte Basin is bounded to the
south by the Darwin and Plover shelves. Long-lived platforms were located near the
edge of the continental shelf; historically, these platforms (in particular the Sahul and
Ashmore Platforms) formed important uplifted blocks during the failed rift tectonic event.
Shuster, et al., 1998 defined the northern margin of the basin as the Timor Trough, where
water depths exceed 3,000 metres. They included the Laminaria and Flamingo (Bayu-
Undan) Highs; the Flamingo Syncline, which separated the Sahul Platform from the
Flamingo High; the Sahul Platform, and its regional constituents, the Kelp and
Troubadour Highs, and separating these the Sikatan Trough, a low which bisects the
platform.
The Bonaparte Basin history dated from the Early Palaeozoic. The pre-Permian history
of the JPDA was speculative as sediments of that age had been deeply buried and
therefore have not been penetrated. Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous northewest -
southeast crustal extension created the onshore Petrel Sub-basin. This sub-basin had a
similar orientation to that of the Sahul Syncline in the JPDA area and both were
interpreted to be formed as a result of the same tectonic movements. A period of
northeast-southwest crustal extension at the very Late Carboniferous-Early Permian
initiated widespread deposition throughout the basins of the North West Shelf (Longley,
et al., 2002), creating the Malita Graben, located to the south of the JPDA.
The Bonaparte Basin geometry remained much the same for a large portion of the
Triassic. Uplift at the southern margin of the Basin took place during the Norian-Carnian
(Fitzroy Movements). Structural movement during this stage included an element of
north-south compression, rifting of micro-continents to the northwest of the Bonaparte
Basin and thermal doming (Longley, et al., 2002). The Flamingo High was formed and
the Sahul Platform and Ashmore Platform were uplifted during this time, creating a
widespread disconformity with the Early Jurassic sediments deposited after the Fitzroy
Movements had ceased (Whittam, et al., 1996). The main period of continental margin
rifting commenced during the Callovian, prior to the fragmentation of eastern
Gondwanaland and the failure development of Jurassic rift system through the main
basin of the North West Shelf (Longley, et al., 2002, Jablonski and Saittta, 2004). The
Callovian unconformity (JC) is the result of movement in the early stages of this event
and exhibits only weak angularity in the JPDA. North-south and northeast-southwest
crustal extension during the Callovian-Oxfordian led to further rifting in the Malita
Graben, Sahul Syncline, and Nancar Trough (Shuster, et al., 1998, Whittam, et al., 1996
and Longley, et al., 2002).
Rifting due to crustal extension continued throughout the Early Oxfordian and was
expressed with mild angularity in some parts of the study area. North-south extension
during the Kimmeridgian-Berriasian advanced the rifting process, especially in the
Laminaria High-Nancar Trough-Sahul Syncline area, with fault blocks in that region
undergoing their main period of uplifting during this time.
The separation of Greater India from eastern Gondwana during the Valanginian
corresponded to the completion of the rifting / rift-infill stage in the basins of the North
West Shelf and the onset of thermal decay of the margin during the post-rift stage
(Longley, et al., 2002 and Jablonski and Saitta, 2004). Marine influences increased and
depositional energies were generally lower. The northern Bonaparte Basin remained a
restricted depocentre until the Late Aptian when India separated completely from
Gondwana and oceanic circulation increased. Thermal decay of the edge of the
continental plate and the opening Indian Ocean resulted in the Formation of a passive
continental margin setting (Longley, et al., 2002).
The Australian continental plate separated from Antarctica during the Cenomanian and
commenced its relative northern motion (Longley et al., 2002), trending to the North
North West. In the Late Eocene the Australian Plates motion shifted to North North East
(Shuster et al., 1998). In the Late Oligocene Early Miocene the Australian plate collided
with the Banda rch. Partial subduction of the Australian plate (Berry and McDougall,
1986 in Shuster et al., 1998) and uplift of Sumba island occurred approximately 8 Ma
(Keep et al 2002, Longley et al 2002) caused by the continued oblique left-lateral
collision of the Australian and Eurasian plates. This tectonic episode created a proto-
foreland basin in the Timor Trough and brought about strong flexural subsidence at the
edge of the shelf re-activated pull apart rifting in the Cartier Trough in the Vulcan Graben
and the Malita Graben south of the JPDA area (Shuster, et al., 1998). Approximately 3-4
million years ago Timor Island collided with the Banda Arch (eg Simandjuntak and
Baber, 1996, Longley et al., 2002) resulting in the jamming of the subduction zone in that
location, the uplift of Timor Island and subsidence of the Timor Trough (Longley et al.,
2002, Keep et al etc). The Australian Plate continued to move north with a shift of
subduction north to the Flores and Wetar thrust zone which are noted to be tectonically
active today (Shuster et al., 1998, Longley et al., 2002). The blocking of the subduction
zone by continental crust in the area of Timor resulted in differential stress compared to
the unblocked area of the Australian Plate to the east of this zone, which further
accentuated the shear stress in the area. This northward movement is easier in the
section of the Australian Plate that lies to the east of the Timor Trough jammed zone,
accentuating the left lateral wrench related faulting within the area (Shuster et al., 1998).
The relative plate motion continues to the present day at a rate of some 7.5-8cm/year
(Shuster, et al., 1998).Thus reactivation of faults in the study area during the neogene
has occurred under varring stress regimes, including the tensional stress related to
flexure of the plate as it was subducted and the changing shear stress and left lateral
wrenching related to the Australian Plates differential oblique northern motion (Shuster
et al., 1998 and Keep et al., 2002).
5.1.2 STRUCTURAL HISTORY OF NORTHERN BONARPARTE BASIN
The Northern Bonaparte Basin structural style consists of Late Jurassic to earliest
Cretacaeous synrift fault structures that had usually formed above pre-existing structural
features and had undergone some Cretaceous and Neogene re-activation under an
oblique, left-lateral, strongly strike-slip domain. As well as Miocene to present day,
extensional faulting with a significant strike-slip component associated with the Timor
trough to the North and the Malita Graben to the South (Shuster et al., 1998, Keep et al.,
2003).
The pre existing structural features which focus subsequent tectonic structuring are the
coherent basement blocks of the Sahul Shelf, the Laminaria and Kelp High, which are
surrounded by basins with northeast to southwest and northwest to southeast trends.
Rift related faulting during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous had created a set of
east to west trending faults and another northwest to southeast trending set (eg. Shuster
et al.,1998). The northwest-southeast trending set was strongly developed in the Malita
Graben and the east-west trending set was strongly developed in the Sahul Syncline.
Faults in the Sunrise Troubadour area trend east-west to eastnortheast-westsouthwest
(Shuster et al., 1998).
Faults observed in the Miocene to Recent are dominantly northeast to southwest with an
east to west trending subset and a northwest southeast trending subset (Shuster et al.,
1998). Studies of neogene fault styles in the area (eg Keep et al., 2003 and Shuster et
al., 1998) conclude that the majority of faults occured along the margins of preexisting
structural highs. With those in the north of the study area, most of the faults strongly
influenced by plate flexure adjacent to the Timor Trough and those in the south of the
area were most strongly influenced by left lateral deFormation related to the reactivation
of the Malita Trough.
The combination of these fault styles has created complex, multiple fault set geometries,
frequently detached at shallow and deep levels that require high quality 3D data sets for
satisfactory resolution. Faults at the reservoir level are strongly east to west typical of
the Nancar Trough and Laminaria High. In contrast faults in the shallow section shift
orientation to northeast-southwest at the Pliocene level. The linkage of the shallow
faulting and the deeper faulting is considered to be very important to trap integrity at the
main target level of the Elang/Plover reservoir. It is believed that the fault connectivity is
controlled by the ductility and thickness of the upper Jurassic - Cretaceous claystones
which act as a ductile layer (Keep et al., 2003).
6.0 PETROLEUM SYSTEM
6.1 PETROLEUM SYSTEM SUMMARY
There are four main petroleum systems recognized may have contributed as major
hydrocarbon source within the Block JPDA 06-102, Timor-Leste. The Permian gas is
derived from the Petrel Sub-basin & Northern Bonaparte Basin and reservoired in
Permian sediments as referred in Kelp Deep. Secondly the Triassic to Pre-rift Early to
Mid Jurassic Plover Formation oil and gas reservoired in the sediments of the Plover
Formation as referred at Sunrise-Trobadour. The third is the Post-rift, Middle to Upper
Jurassic oils from a combined Plover and Elang Formation source reservoir in the Elang
Formation sandstones as referred at Elang wells. Lastly, the Lower Cretaceous oils
which probably sourced from the Echuca Shoals Formation.
The study area is bounded to the north and south by the Malita Trough and the Sahul
Syncline hydrocarbon kitchens. These depositional thicks provide the main source
hydrocarbons for the surrounding reservoir units. Smaller features such as the Sikatan
Trough may also provide source hydrocarbons as evidenced by the results of Sikatan-1
and Bard-1 wells where >30bbl of oil were recovered while drilling the Flamingo
Formation. At Sikatan-1 well in the southern end of the Sikatan trough significant
transFormation of organic matter to oil has occurred. The main source rocks for the unit
are the Plover, Elang and the Echuca Shoals Formations.
Expulsions of hydrocarbons begin about 65 million years ago in the Malita Graben and
continue to this day. Expulsion in the Sahul syncline and the deepest part of the
Flamingo Syncline commenced 35 million years ago. The maturation of the system was
initially driven by the deposition of a thick pile of Upper Cretaceous sediments in the
depositional centers. With further drive created by the progradation of the carbonate
wedge over the whole shelf edge during the Tertiary. Sediments within the eastern
Malita Graben are now over mature for oil, with gas expulsion from its flanks while in the
Sahul and Flamingo Synclines sediments lie in the oil window. This variation across the
area has given rise to two (2) distinct JPDA provinces. The Eastern Sahul Platform,
which is characterized by large dry gas pools as referred east of the JPDA,
gas/condensate fields in areas removed from the dry gas charge and possible oil
expulsion from the Sikatan trough (Bard-1 well oil kick on the western edge of the
Troubadour field)
In contrast the Western Sahul Platform, Flamingo Syncline, Flamingo High and Sahul
Syncline is characterized by 50-62 API undersaturated oil and wet gas pools, mainly in
fault blocks at Elang/Plover Formation. Pools often partially filled with Plover-type oils.
Darwin-type Lower Cretaceous oil charge characterized by 40 deg API, mainly in
Cretaceous fracture porosity showing little mixing with Plover-type dry gas at top
Permian level on the Kelp High.
One of the distinct characteristics of the Timor Sea area is the relatively high percentage
of partially filled or breached Jurassic oil columns. The current study done by Gartrell et
al., 2006 has identified 8 wells within the Timor Sea area that either failed due to fault
breach or changes in the trap configuration, or they were discoveries but contained
significantly less than the total trap capacity. This interpretation was based on the
recognition of residual oil columns (visual oil staining or on logs), or Paleo-oil columns.
At Bayu Undan locality it is shown that through time the shape and size of the closure
mapped at the JC level has changed. These changes happened due to the effects of the
changing stress regime and consequent reactivation tipping and tilting of the existing
structures. Fault reactivation can result in the juxtaposition of possible theif zones, which
may then result in cross fault leakage. Shuster et al. (1998) puts forward that in the
extreme case If the trap development or modification is dynamic, it is possible that the
trap could evolve from a valid Paleotrap to an invalid trap, due to cross fault juxtaposition
or tilting and then be further modified to a structurally valid, but dry trap at the present
day. The other consequence is that tilting of a trap can give extremely large apparent
paleo-oil column heights that do not reflect the true size of the original trap. In spite of
this potentially dynamic system, recharging of modified traps is likely to occur as long as
the trap lies proximal to a present-day source kitchen (Shuster et al., 1998).
The zones of highest reactivation risk are those zones that lie on or adjacent to shear
zones in areas of the basin that are releasing bends as defined by the basement
configuration. It is noted that the Western JPDA Neogene and Jurassic fault intensity is
much greater than the Eastern JPDA. Faulting on the flanks of the Malita Graben and
the northern boundary of the Sahul Shelf are also currently active (e.g. Shuster et al.,
1998 and Keep at al., 2003) see discussion of Basin Tectonic History above.
6.2 SEAL
The top seal is presented by 52 metres of Echuca Shoals and 191 metres of Flamingo
Formations (Figure 6.1). Based on the Baleia-1s sample cutting description, the Echuca
Shoals is dominated by the claystone with some influence of carbonaceous material. The
Flamingo Formation which is deposited below the Echuca Shoals Formation is a siltstone,
claystone and sandstone interbedding formation. The Makikit-Baleia structure located at
the up-thrown section of the fault and juxtaposed against the Flamingo Formation which
dominated with shale at the down-thrown section.
There are two possible routes for hydrocarbon to leak out from the reservoir which are
firstly through the lateral migration to Flamingo Formation and secondly along the fault
plane to shallower zone (Figure 6.3).
The Flamingo Formation is dominated with claystone and interbedded with sandstone and
siltstone. The Baleia-1 well result indicates that the Echuca Shoals and Flamingo
Formations are approximately 52 metres and 191 metres respectively. Therefore the
Elang/Plover Sandstone reservoir juxtaposed against the Flamingo Formation at the
downthrown side and possible for hydrocarbon to escape laterally to the Elang Structure
or other shallower area. On the other hand, the Flamingo Formation dominated with
claystone may act as permeability barrier and limit the hydrocarbon escape laterally.
Therefore, the lateral migration is not dominant at the Makikit-Baleia structure whereas its
interpreted that the hydrocarbon leakage along the fault zone is more preferable.
The combination of 240 metres top seal of these Echuca Shoals and Flamingo Formations
is proven present in Baleia-1 from the lithology descriptions and well logs interpretation.
The effectiveness of the top seal is believed proven especially in the Echuca Shoals
Formation, since the formations consisted of low permeability materials. The Northwest-
Southeast fault across the structure is believed to be not sealing and allowing the
migration of hydrocarbon from the Elang/Plover to the shallower formation.
6.3 TRAP
The trapping mechanism at Makikit-Baleia Structure is interpreted as a fault bounded
three (3) way dip closure. Based on the horizon flattening analysis, the structure was
formed earlier, before the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion (Figure 6.2). The
structure is bounded by a fault extending Northwest-Southeast direction to Elang Kakatua
oil field located at Northwest corner of Makikit-Baleia Structure. Based on the post-drill
interpretation, the highest displacement of the fault at the crestal is around 350 metres.
Based on the gas reading and the gas sample that encountered in the Baleia-1 well, there
are possibilities for the hydrocarbon trapped in Elang/Plover reservoir to breached and
escaped to shallower Formations. In Bonaparte Basin, the Neogene extensional to
transtensional tectonic reactivation affects most of the trap bounding faults and the major
contributing factor for the leakage.
The well has encountered the increasing of gas reading up to nC5 since before reaching
the target zone, which is from 2993.0 metres in Darwin Formation until final TD. Besides,
the cut fluorescence was noted from depth 3276m to 3355m MDDF. The fault re-activation
may cause the hydrocarbon from Elang/Plover reservoir to escape along the fault to
shallower formation.
6.4 HYDROCARBON SOURCE
Based on source rock evaluation on Northern Bonaparte Basin and nearest fields such as
Bayu Undan, Elang and Kakatua, there are three (3) potential source rocks; the
Elang/Plover land plant influence organic matters, Echuca Shoals marine-derived shale
and Flamingo group land plant influence organic matter (Figure 5.1).
Three (3) key wells Fohn-1, Minotaur-1 and Mistral-1 were studied to determine the
source rock composition within the Block JPDA 06-102. Observation from Elang/Plover
Formations in-situ source shows a high TOC (2.95% wt) shale observed from inter-
bedded shale between thick sand bodies. At Fohn-1 well, the shale are high maturity
mainly with inertinite/bitumen. The Flamingo and Echuca Shoals Formations are
predominantly containing shale/claystone. The Flamingo shale have TOC ranging
between 0.5 to 1.00 wt% but with poor organic matter quality except at Mistral-1 well
which probably due to the mixture between Type III and Type II/III.
The mid-Jurassic Plover Formation could contain terrestrial organic matters in the intra-
Formational shale which may provide direct hydrocarbon charge into the overlying
sandstone reservoirs. Fair qualities of organic matter were noted in the late Jurassic
Flamingo group and early cretaceous Echuca Shoals Formations. The Echuca Shoals
source rocks contained more marine matter hence more oil prone. This, combined with
vertical variations in the proportion of Type III organic matter, has resulted in the
generation and expulsion of lighter oil and gas/condensate-like products from the
Elang/Plover source rocks, and more common marine-derived oils from Echuca Shoals
Formation.
6.5 SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL
The ditch cutting samples from Makikit-1 have undergone the Fluid Inclusion Stratigraphic
(FIS) and photomicroscopy analysis. The FIS study involving the automated analysis of oil
and gas components trapped as fluid inclusions (micron-sized, crystallographically
isolated cavities) in rock material. The results of the study had revealed rare to moderate
gravity oil inclusions at 750 and 1490m MDDF which are in Oliver and Hibernia
Formations. The rare to common upper moderate gravity petroleum inclusions were found
at 3210m MDDF (Flamingo Formation), 3305m MDDF (Elang Formation) and 3405m
MDDF (Plover Formation). The pictures and the details of the study are shown in Figure
6.4. No visible petroleum inclusions found at 910, 2270, 2970, 3040 and 3450m MDDF.
The FIS analysis confirmed the presence of hydrocarbon at reservoir level at a moment of
time. The Makikit-Baleia complex has a proven source rock and hydrocarbon migration
pathway.
6.6 MATURITY AND HYDROCARBON GENERATION
Based on the geochemical analysis on sixty (60) ditch cutting samples from Makikit-1
resulting that, the source rock in this well contained of poor to good (0.1 to 2.19 wt%)
organic richness matter. The average of Hydrogen Index (HI) is within 100-300 and been
classified as Type III kerogen (terrestrial depositional environment) source rock. From the
analysis result, the top oil window is at about 2000m MDDF. The detail of the kerogen type
and maturity are shown in Figure 6.5.
The Flamingo and Echuca Shoals Formations which are predominantly shale/claystone
also contained of high Total Organic Carbon (TOC), 0.45 to 1.10 wt% and high HI value
(281 to 376), indicating the presence of good quality organic matters (Figure 6.6).
The intra-formational source rock sample within depth 3295m MDDF until TD in
Elang/Plover Formation was identified contained of rich and good quality organic matter
(0.80 to1.60 wt%). The HI value for this formation is within 136 to 232 which indicating the
presence of type III kerogen (potential for gas and oil generation). The vitrinite reflectance
observed (0.90 - 0.92%) was classified as mature for oil and gas generation (Figure 6.6).
Therefore, the occurrence of hydrocarbon charge for the Block JPDA 06-102 is valid.
6.7 MIGRATION AND TIMING
There are not much variation between pre-drill and the post-drill modeling parameters.
The data obtained from drilled wells had either varies slightly or confirmed the predicted
value used in the pre-drill modeling.
The basal heat flow model has been calibrated with the heat flow values from Makikit-1
(56 mW/m
2
) and Kurita-1 ST-1 (65 mW/m
2
) wells to generate the post -drill maturity map
for Block JPDA 06-102. The post-drill basal heat flow result for Makikit-1 was found lower
than the pre-drill estimation (65 mW/m
2
). There is no calibration for the area south of
Kurita-1 ST-1, but the heat flow for this well is estimated much higher since it is toward to
the Malita Graben. The nearby Fohn-1 well heat flow is 63 mW/m
2
. The post-drill basal
heat flow model is shown in Figure 6.7.
Based on the present-day maturity at Top of Plover Formation generated, it is showing
that maturity of Block JPDA 06-102 is slightly high. The southeastern part of the Block is
currently in Gas Generation Phase (Figure 6.7).
At the deepest part of the study area (PS-01 well), the oil expulsion had occurred in the
Late Cretaceous, which is much earlier than predicted in the pre-drill model. The gas
expulsion was found occurred since the Late Cretaceous until present-day. The pre-drill
model predicted expulsion for the gas began in Early Tertiary. The detail of the
hydrocarbon expulsion for the JPDA 06-102 is shown in Figure 6.8.
Even though the post-drill modeling results indicated hydrocarbon expulsion from the
Malita Graben probably occurred much earlier, the shallower source rock (within the Block
JPDA 06-102) could still provide hydrocarbon charge to the traps. Therefore, the
hydrocarbon charge is not the main risk for the existent of hydrocarbon accumulation in
this area.
7.0 RESERVOIR EVALUATION
Reservoir evaluation for Elang/Plover reservoirs which were penetrated by Baleia-1 was
conducted. Although the Elang/Plover is consider as a single system hydrocarbon
accumulation due to the ineffectiveness of inter-formational seals, the reservoirs is still
can be differentiated based on their geological and petrophysical characteristics.
The factors that are believed to play the most significant role in determining the present
day reservoir porosity are the reservoir composition, texture and the fluid flow.
The reservoir composition and texture can contribute to significant role in determining the
reservoir porosity. On the marco-scale, thin sandstones interbedded with claystone and
siltstones appear to be more prone to quartz cementation than thick massive sandstones.
This matter is noticed in all the 3 wells drilled. The results from the Makikit-1 well sample
analysis demonstrate that the significant amount of cementation has occurred at the
reservoir level. The Porosity at Elang Formation is obviously lower compare to the deeper
Plover Formation. Silica rich fluid migrating through the sandstones as a geochemical
front precipitates silica as an envelope of quartz overgrowth development at the
sandstone/ claystone interface at the top and base of the individual sandstones. In fact,
thinner the sandstone, the envelope can fill the entire sandstone.
In addition to that, the presence of claystone in sandstone reservoir can cause a major
compaction on the sandstone. Clay in the intergranular pore space is squeezed into the
remaining pore space and clogs the pore throats as compaction progresses, reducing the
effective porosity and permeability.
The ditch cutting samples from Makikit-1 have been used for petrographic analysis to
evaluate the characteristic of the reservoir in Makikit-Baleia Complex. Based on the
analysis showing that, the visible porosity is ranged from 1-5%. Pore types are generally
minor secondary dissolution porosity with lesser primary intergranular showing overall
isolated to very poor interconnectivity. Reservoir quality generally ranges from poor to
very poor in these sandstone samples. The reduction of this reservoir quality is due to the
quartz overgrowth, moderate compaction and localized ferroan dolomite and kaolinite
cements.
MDT pressure test was done in the Elang/Plover Formation (3273m MDDF - 3417m
MDDF). Only three valid pressure data out of thirty (30) points were acquired at the
depth of 3341m MDDF, 3343.2m MDDF, and 3349.4m MDDF. Twenty two (22) points
encountered lost seal while two (2) points were tight and the other two (2) points were
supercharged. A sample was taken from the MDT dual packer at the depth of 3286.6m
MDDF indicated that the formation water contaminated with mud filtrate was recovered.
The detail on the MDT results is shown in Figure 6.9.
Thirty (30) shots of Core Sample Taker (CST) were logged for the well. Only twenty-two
(22) bullets were recovered while other eight (8) were empty (Appendix 1). No DST was
carried out for the well as the reservoir is interpreted as tight with no moveable
hydrocarbon column.
7.1 CALLOVIAN ELANG FORMATION (3273 3339 m MDDF)
The Elang Formation is unconformable underlying the Flamingo Formation. This
Formation is believed deposited in deltaic environment.
Based on Baleia-1 sample cutting descriptions, Elang was described as interbedding of
claystones, siltstones and sandstones dominated formation. The claystones were
described in cuttings as medium gray to dark gray, occasionally dark gray, soft to firm,
occasionally sub-blocky and contained traces of carbonaceous materials and glauconites.
The siltstones are described as olive black to brownish black, occasionally brownish gray,
firm to hard, occasionally soft, sub-blocky to blocky, occasionally sub-platy, non
calcareous, and contained of traces of glauconites, and grading to very fine grains. The
sandstones major are transparent to translucent, off white to very light gray, very fine to
fine grains, sub-angular to sub-rounded, hard to very hard, moderate sorted, occasionally
calcareous cemented, contained traces of glauconites and had very poor visible porosity.
The Gamma ray log response showed the obvious trend of coarsening upward behavior.
The resistivity log showed a little separation between the shallow resistivity and the deep
resistivity log which indicate the change of fluids or materials contained by the lithology
near the borehole and formation. The density and porosity logs overall does not show
good indicator for hydrocarbon accommodation due to the high bulk density (average 2.75
G/C3) and low neutron porosity (average 0.09 V/V) readings which gave the early
indication of the tight formation (Figure 6.9).
Pale yellowish florescence cut were observed in cutting samples in the Elang Formation
within the depth 3276m MDDF to 3315 m MDDF (Figure 6.10) and the total gas ranged
between 5 to 22%.
Based on the petrophysical analysis, the average porosity for the individual sand reservoir
has been calculated to be 8% and the water saturation estimated around 95% (Figure
6.9).
MDT measurements in the Elang Formation are inconclusive for fluid analysis since there
were no valid pressure data acquired and thus, no fluid gradient can be established over
these sand units. Ten (10) MDT points which were acquired from this Formation were
found as lost seal and one (1) supercharged MDT point. The fluid sample was taken from
the MDT Dual Packer in the depth of 3286.5m MDDF which indicated water with mud
filtrate contamination (Figure 6.11). However, from the onboard analysis on the sample,
there is enough contrast between the salinity of the water sample and the salinity of mud
filtrate which was measured prior to MDT to conclude that formation water has been
recovered. The salinity measured ranged between 41,000 to 44,000 mg/l and 5.2 to 5.7%
of NaCl.
Sidewall Core Taker (CST) or conventional core was done in this Formation within the
depth of 3273m MDDF to 3339m MDDF. There were nine (9) recovered core samples and
two (2) samples were found empty (Appendix 1).
The sample cuttings from Makikit-1 well have been used for petrographic analysis to
evaluate the composition and character of Elang reservoir in Makikit-Baleia Structure.
From the analysis showing that the Elang formation mostly composed of fragments of
calcite spar, sandstone rock fragments, pyrite, a mudstone fragment, ferroan dolomite,
and quartz replacement of calcite. The visible porosity observed is within 5-10%. The
detail of the petrographic analysis of Elang Formation can be seen in Figure 6.12.
7.2 BATHONIAN-BAJOCIAN - PLOVER FORMATION (3339-3417m MDDF)
The Bathonian-Bajocian Plover Formation sequence is comprised of thick sandstones
interbedded with thin layer of claystones.
The formation was described, composed of sandstones which overall are occasionally
off-white in colour, transparent to translucent, fine to very fine grains, occasionally medium
fine grains, sub angular to angular, occasionally sub-rounded, hard to friable, moderate
siliceous cemented, occasionally calcareous cemented, moderate sorted, traces of
glauconites and carbonaceous materials, and poor visual porosity. Claystones in the
formation are medium gray to medium dark gray, occasionally hard, sub-platy to platy,
occasionally sub-blocky, slightly calcareous, slightly sticky and contained traces of pyrites.
Siltstone in the formation are olive black to brownish black in colour, occasionally
brownish gray in parts, firm to hard, occasionally very hard, sub-blocky to blocky,
occasionally sub-platy and non calcareous.
The gamma ray response shows a few series of thick blocky low gamma ray pattern which
indicate the fluvial influence sand. The resistivity log does not show any obvious
separation between the shallow resistivity and the deep resistivity log. The density and
porosity logs like Elang Formation, also showed the high bulk density (average 2.85 G/C3)
and low neutron porosity (average 0.05 V/V) readings. These results had given the early
indication of the tight reservoir for this f ormation (Figure 6.9).
Only pin-point, pale yellowish direct florescence, without residual ring, no odour oil shows
within the depth 3339-3355 m MDDF was observed. The total gas showed the value of
5.43%. Petrophysical analysis indicates a total average porosity of the section at 8%.
Water saturation was calculated at 95% (Figure 6.9).
Three (3) valid pressure points were acquired at the depth of 3341m MDDF, 3343.2m
MDDF and 3349.4m MDDF and were plotted. This plot showed that the sample point fitted
well along the water line gradient of 0.43 psi/ft. The other 18 MDT points that been
acquired in this formation found invalid when 1 points was tight, 1 supercharged and 16
lost seals. The detail on the MDT results for the Plover Formation is shown in Figure 6.9.
There was no fluid sample acquired from this formation. The side wall cores were taken
from 3341m MDDF until 3411m MDDF within this formation. 11 points successfully
recovered while 6 were found empty (Appendix 1)..
Based on the petrographic analysis that been done from Makikit-1 ditch cutting samples,
showing that the Plover formation is composed of fragments of calcite spar,
monocrystalline quartz, sandstone fragments, pyrite, mudstone fragments, dolomite
replacement of calcite, and quartz overgrowths. The visible porosity observed is between
1-5%. The detail of the petrographic analysis of Plover Formation can be seen in Figure
6.13.
8.0 G&G SPECIALISED STUDY
As per the Baleia-1 program, the specialized studies described below are to be
undertaken:
1. Petrography Analysis
2. Geochemical Evaluation
3. Biostratigraphic Studies
Data and samples which including the well sample cuttings, are to be submitted to
selected contractors who will carry out the analysis for PCTSL.
The results of these specialized studies shall be integrated into a final report once they
are all completed.
9.0 HYDROCARBON RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
Pre-Drill resource assessment for the Baleia Structure was computed in 2009, the results
of which have been presented and endorsed by PCSBs Exploration Review Committee
(XRC) in January 2009. Baleia has been categorized as a Structure; with unrisked
hydrocarbon initially in place for P50 case of 222 MMSTB of Oil with the Probability of
Success (POS) 50%. Baleia-1 was plugged and abandoned with gas show on
24 April 2010.
9.1 PETROPHYSICAL ANALYSIS
Based on the petrophysical analysis, found that:
The quality of the open hole wireline logs for Baleia-1 was good. The hole
condition also looks good based on the avail able ultrasonic caliper and input from
drilling. The 3 valid pressures from the first MDT run plotted out as a water
gradient
However, from water saturation computation using the logs, some hydrocarbon
still exist which most likely is residual oil.
The water sample that was taken at 3286.5m MDDF is contaminated with mud
filtrate. However, from the onboard analysis on the sample, there is enough
contrast between the salinity of the water sample and the salinity of mud filtrate
which was measured prior to MDT to conclude that formation water has been
recovered
Also, during the MDT Dual Packer operation at that water sample station 21 liters
of fluid was pumped through the MDT Dual Packer tool. Taking into account 14
liters is the fluid which occupied the 1 meter interval for that station, 7 liters of fluid
must have been pumped from the formation. That amount should give confidence
that formation water have been flowed into the tool.
The sample taken is shown in Figure 6.11 and the post drill Petrophysical parameters are
shown on Table 9.2.
Petropyhysical Parameters for gas case at Elang/Plover Formation
R
E
S
E
R
V
O
I
RDepth
Gross Sand
Thickness
N/G
Average ,
PHIT (from
Netsand
ration)
Average
Sw, Swt
(from
Netpay
ratio)
Top Marker Bottom Marker
m MDDF m TVDSS m MDDF m TVDSS
ELANG/
PLOVER
3285.0 3246.6 3325.0 3286.6 30.0 0.41 0.08 0.95
Table 9.2: Petrophysical Parameters for gas case at Elang/Plover Formation
The detail of the Petrophysical parameters of Baleia-1 is shown in Appendix 2.
9.2 RISKING ON PETROLEUM SYSTEM
The Makikit-Baleia structure risking and raking is conducted based on the post-drill
evaluation results of Makikit-1and Baleia-1 wells. The assessments of each elements of
the Petroleum System are based on confident level from G & G interpretation of each
remaining Structure.
9.2.1 SOURCE ROCK
Presence (Certain to Very Likely): Based on the well sample analysis on Makikit-1 well,
there were good quality of gas prone and oil prone organic matter. In term of quantity, The
TOC is poor to good (0.1 to 2.19 wt %). The TOC content was increased with depth. The
interval is thermally immature to mature with respect to hydrocarbon generation.
Therefore, the occurrence of hydrocarbon charge was valid. The effective source rock for
this block is the mid-Jurassic Plover intra-formational shale, which based on depositional
environment, contains mainly Type III kerogen. These can provide direct hydrocarbon
charge into the overlying sandstone reservoirs. Traps can be charged by either in-situ
source rock or short-distance lateral migration from source rock in Flamingo Syncline. The
FIS studies on Makikit-1 wells show that the Elang/Plover reservoirs are charged and
hydrocarbon prone at a moment of time.
Effectiveness (Very Likely): The Plover Intra-Formational shale (main source rock)
expected to begin generating & expelling hydrocarbon since Early Tertiary and at present-
day, are in the Late Generation phase (TR=65%-85%). The in-house basin modeling
concluded that the Makikit-Baleia structure demonstrate significant possibilities for
hydrocarbon accumulation.
9.2.2 RESERVOIR
Presence (Very Likely to Probable): Elang/Plover reservoir is a proven sandstone
reservoir, prone for hydrocarbon accumulation based on regional wells result. The
reservoir thickness is approximately 500m and wide spread evenly within the Bonaparte
Basin.
Effectiveness (Probable): Based on Makikit-1 well sample analysis results, the visible
porosity ranges from 1-5% in the sandstone ditch cutting samples. Pore types are
generally minor secondary dissolution porosity with lesser primary intergranular showing
overall isolated to very poor interconnectivity. Reservoir quality generally ranges from poor
to very poor in these sandstone samples. Therefore, diagenesis had strongly affected the
reservoir quality of sandstones in Makikit-1 with the main factor being quartz overgrowth
cementation.
9.2.3 TRAP
Presence (Probable): The 3D seismic data with good to average data quality is used to
interpret the Makikit-Baleia structure. The Makikit-Baleia structure is interpreted as a three
way dip closure and the structure map is corrected based on Makikit-1 well results. The
correction and remapping gives confident on the structure presence.
Effectiveness (Probable): Many of the drilled structures have relatively high percentage
of partially filled or breached Jurassic oil columns. The significantly high gas readings
observed in Darwin Formation at Makikit-1 and Baleia-1 wells show that the hydrocarbon
may has escape through the fault and accumulates at shallower formation. The Fluid
Inclusion studies conducted at Makikit-1 well shows that the structure was filled with
hydrocarbon at a moment of time and the fault reactivation may lead the trap to breach
the hydrocarbon to the shallower Formations.
9.2.4 MIGRATION
Presence (Certain to Very Likely): Based on horizon flattening on seismic based on
ages, all the identified remaining structures presents since Late Cretaceous age. The
hydrocarbon expulsion is between 65Ma (Paleocene) until present-day.
Effectiveness (Very Likely): The mid-Jurassic Plover intra-formational shale can provide
direct hydrocarbon charge into the overlying sandstone reservoirs. The efficiency of the
migration routes from source rock to sandstone reservoir studied in-house agrees with
Makikit-1 well results that indicate the presence of hydrocarbon based on gas
chromatography results and oil shows within the target reservoir.
10.0 CONCLUSIONS
The Baleia-1 was drilled and reached TD at 3414.6 mTVDDF.
There are two possible reasons for Baleia-1 well failure. Firstly, the main reason is the seal
integrity corresponds to the northwest-southeast fault across the structure which is not sealing
and allowing the hydrocarbon escape to the shallower formation. The block evaluation justify
that most of the identified Structures have relatively high percentage of partially filled or
breached Jurassic hydrocarbon columns. The hydrocarbon observed in Darwin Formation at
Baleia-1 well shows that the hydrocarbon accumulate at Elang and Plover Formations may
has escape through the faults and accumulate at shallower formation. The Fluid Inclusion
studies conducted at Makikit-1 well shows that the structure was filled with hydrocarbon at a
moment of time and the fault reactivation may lead the trap to breach the hydrocarbon to the
shallower Formations.
Secondly is the reservoir depth and cementation, which had reduced the porosity and
permeability. This is clearly demonstrated on Makikit-1 well results which claim that diagenesis
had strongly affected the reservoir quality of sandstones with the main factor being quartz
overgrowth cementation. However, the ongoing Baleia-1 well analysis results may further
demonstrate the reservoir failure in term of the porosity reduction.
The Petroleum System in term of source rock and hydrocarbon migration is proven to be
presence. The high gas reading concludes that the Baleia Structure is located within the
hydrocarbon migration pathway.
Finally, the well was Plugged and Abandoned as a gas show well and all the available data will
be used for further study in the area.
FIGURES
Coleraine 1
Minotaur 1
Elang 1
250000 mE 300000 mE
Elang 2
Elang 3
Naga 1
Mandar 1
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
m
N
Makikit-1
Basilisk 1
Baleia-1
-LESTE
Timor Sea
Joint
Petroleum
Development
Area
(JPDA)
Block
JPDA 06-
102
Location of the Baleia-1 Well
10 km
JPDA
06-102
Bayu 2
Bayu 4
Trulek 1
Bayu 3
Hingkip 1
Fohn 1
Bayu 5
Bayu 1
Mistral 1
Undan 3
Undan 2
Undan 1
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
m
N
8
7
5
0
0
0
0
m
N
Kurita-1/ST1
Baleia-1
Figure 1.1: Location of the Baleia-1 Well
MSL 34.8 m
Seabed 77.0m
20 Casing
722 m TVDDF
8-1/2 Pilot Hole / 26 Hole
Baleia-1 Drilling Program Plan versus Actual
PRE-DRILL DRILLING PROGRAM (PLAN)
MSL 34.8 m
Seabed 78.6 m
20 Casing
715.6 m TVDDF
8-1/2 Pilot Hole / 26 Hole
POST-DRILL DRILLING PROGRAM (ACTUAL)
13-3/8 Casing
2185 m TVDDF
9-5/8 Casing
3272 m TVDDF
7 Liner (Contingency)
3535 m TVDDF Baleia-1
17-1/2 Hole
12-1/4 Hole
8-1/2 Hole
13-3/8 Casing
2182.7 m TVDDF
9-5/8 Casing
3266.8 m TVDDF
Open Hole
3414.6 m TVDDF
Baleia-1
17-1/2 Hole
12-1/4 Hole
8-1/2 Hole
Figure 1.2: Baleia-1 Drilling Program Plan versus Actual
Logging Program for Baleia-1
Hole Size Mud Planned Depth: 3272m TVDDF 3535m TVDDF Actual Depth: 3266.8m TVDDF 3414.6m TVDDF
8.5 WBM Run 1:
FMI-DSI
Run 2:
MDT
Run 3:
Run 1:
FMI-DSI
Run 2:
MDT
Run 3: Run 3:
VSP
Run4:
CST
Run 3:
MDT Dual Packer
Run 3:
VSP
Run 4:
CST
Figure 1.3 : Baleia-1 Logging Program
FORMATION
Prognosis Depth Actual Depth
Diff
(m-TVD)
m MDDF m TVDDF m TVDSS m MDDF m TVDDF m TVDSS -Hi / +Lo
SEABED 115.4 115.4 77.0 117.0 78.6 40.2 -36.8
Oliver Formation 691.4 691.4 653.0 691.0 690.6 652.2 -0.8
Hibernia Formation 737.4 737.4 699.0 738.0 737.6 699.2 0.2
Johnson Formation 1545.4 1545.4 1507.0 1548.0 1546.9 1508.5 1.5
Vee Formation 2023.4 2023.4 1985.0 2044.0 2042.8 2004.4 19.4
Top Formation Depth Prognosis versus Actual Depth
Wangaralu Formation 2449.4 2449.4 2411.0 2470.0 2468.6 2430.2 19.2
Darwin Formation 2948.4 2948.4 2910.0 2987.0 2985.2 2946.8 36.8
Echuca Shoals
Formation
3019.4 3019.4 2981.0 3030.0 3028.1 2989.7 8.7
Elang Formation 3270.4 3270.4 3232.0 3273.0 3270.8 3232.7 0.7
TD 3538.4 3538.4 3500.0 3417.0 3414.6 3376.2 -123.8
Figure 1.4: Baleia-1 Top Formation Depth - Prognosis versus Actual Depth
N
JPDA 06-102
JPDA
Index Map
JPDA
Index Map
Minotaur-1
Naga-1
Coleraine-1
3D 645 sq.km
Block JPDA 06-102 Seismic Database Map
10 km
Fohn-1
2D 6000 line-km
3D 645 sq.km
Full Fold
Figure 4.1 : Block JPDA 06-102 , 2D and 3D Seismic Database Map.
Baleia-1 Well Synthetic Seismogram
Figure 4.2 : Synthetic Seismogram of Baleia-1 well.
Makikit-1 Well Synthetic Seismogram
Figure 4.3 : Synthetic Seismogram of Makikit-1 well. Increasing impedance were seen as trough.
Makikit-1 AVO Synthetic Seismogram
Figure 4.4 : Synthetic is in Reverse Polarity. Type 3 AVO sands, becomes dimmer with offset.
Makikit-1 VSP Geogram
A
C
O
U
S
T
I
C
I
M
P
E
D
A
N
C
E
S
O
N
I
C
I
N
T
.
V
E
L
O
C
I
T
Y
D
E
N
S
I
T
Y
N
E
U
T
R
O
N
P
O
R
O
S
I
T
Y
G
A
M
M
A
R
A
Y
R
E
S
I
S
T
I
V
I
T
Y
C
A
L
I
P
E
R
VSP Upgoing (Normal Polarity)
Top Elang
Base Aptian
Figure 4.5 : Makikit-1 VSP Geogram in Normal Polarity.
- 33
0
0
-3
3
0
0
-33
00
-3300 -33
00
-
3
3
0
0
-3400
-3400
-3400 -3400
-
34
00
-3400
-3400
-3500
-3500
-3500
-3600
-35
00
-3200
-3200
-3200
-3300
-3
3
0
0
-3300 -3300 -3300
-3
3
0
0
-
3
3
0
0
-33
00
-330
0
-3300
-3300
-3200
-
3
2
0
0
-3
2
0
0
-3
20
0
- 3
2
0
0
-
3
5
0
0
-3500
-3
5
0
0
-3500
-3
4
0
0
-3
4
0
0 -3400
-3400
-3
40
0
-
3
4
0
0
-3
40
0
-3400
-3
4
00
-3
400
-3
5
00
Baleia-1
Makikit-1
240000 244000 248000 252000 256000 260000 264000 268000
8
7
9
2
0
0
0
8
7
9
6
0
0
0
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
9
2
0
0
0
8
7
9
6
0
0
0
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
Y
,
[
m
]
240000 242000 244000 246000 248000 250000 252000 254000 256000 258000 260000 262000 264000 266000 268000
8
7
9
2
0
0
0
8
7
9
6
0
0
0
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
9
2
0
0
0
8
7
9
6
0
0
0
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
Top of Elang Depth Structure Map
Top of Elang Post-Drill Depth Structure Map
-3
2
0
0
-
3
2
0
0
- 3
2
0
0
-3
2
0
0
-3
3
0
0
-
3
3
0
0
-3400
-34
00
-3400
-3500
-3400
-3400
-3400
-3
4
0
0
-3400
-3400
-3 400
-3400
240000 244000 248000 252000 256000 260000 264000 268000
X, [m]
8
7
8
8
0
0
0
8
7
8
8
0
0
0
240000 242000 244000 246000 248000 250000 252000 254000 256000 258000 260000 262000 264000 266000 268000
8
7
8
8
0
0
0
8
7
8
8
0
0
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000m
1:125000
-3640
-3600
-3560
-3520
-3480
-3440
-3400
-3360
-3320
-3280
-3240
-3200
-3160
-3120
Depth
Ti mor Leste
Bl ock JPDA 06-102
Post Well Baleia-1
Depth Structure Map
Top of Elang
Contour inc
Date
Si gnature
20
04/29/2010
Map
Figure 4.6 : Top of Elang Post-Drill Depth Structure Map
Inline 2301 Through Baleia-1 Well
NW SE
Turonian MFS
Base Eocene
Base Aptian
Base Flamingo
Figure 4.7 : Interpreted 3D Seismic In-Line 2301 through Baleia-1 well.
Inline 2301 Through Baleia-1 Well
NW SE
GR
Base Aptian
Base
Flamingo
Figure 4.8 : Interpreted 3D Seismic In-Line 2301 through Baleia-1 well zoom-in at the reservoir level.
Crossline 3784 Through Baleia-1 Well
SW NE
Turonian MFS
Base Eocene
Base Aptian
Base Flamingo
Figure 4.9 : Interpreted 3D Seismic Cross-Line 3784 through Baleia-1 well.
Crossline 3784 Through Baleia-1 Well
GR
SW NE
Base Aptian
Base
Flamingo
Figure 4.10 : Interpreted 3D Seismic Cross-Line 3784 through Baleia-1 well zoom-in at the reservoir level.
GR
GR
W E
Turonian MFS
Random Line Through Makikit-1 and Baleia-1 Well
Base Aptian
Base
Flamingo
Figure 4.11 : Interpreted 3D Random Seismic Line through Makikit-1 and Baleia-1 well.
Makikit-1 vs. Baleia-1 Time/ Depth Curve
Top Hibernia
Top Johnson
Y= 0.00002X + 1.5766X 139.19
Top Wangarlu
Top Echuca Shoals
Top Elang
Figure 4.12 : Makikit-1 and Baleia-1 Time Depth Curves.
Tectonic Elements of Bonaparte Basin Litho-Chronostratigraphy of Bonaparte Basin
C
r
e
t
a
c
e
o
u
s
T
e
r
t
i
a
r
y
Oblique left lateral collision of Australian and
Eurasian plates. 5Ma deformation. Development of
proto- foreland basin (Timor Trough). Strong
subsidence in Malita & Cartier Troughs &
re-activation as pull apart depocentres
Late Miocene
(8-5Ma)
Subduction of northern part of Australian plate
with Philippines plate
Late Eocene -
Oligocene
Thrusting on Timor and Timor / Australian
convergence ceased. Throws on flexural faulting
decreased. Closure formed at Greater Sunrise
Pliocene
(3Ma)
Rapid uplift of Timor Island and collapse of Timor
Trough
Pliocene
(~2Ma)
Continued northern movement of Australian plate at
rate of 5- 8 cm / year
Presentday
-
Eurasian plates. 5Ma deformation. Development of
proto -
Late Miocene
(8-5Ma)
Oligocene
Thrusting on Timor and Timor / Australian
convergence ceased. Throws on flexural faulting
decreased. Closure formed at Greater Sunrise
Pliocene
(3Ma)
Rapid uplift of Timor Island and collapse of Timor
Trough
Pliocene
(~2Ma)
Presentday
Further thermal decay & passive continental Aptian
Northward movement of Australian plate Cenomanian Northward movement of Australian plate Cenomanian
margin sagging towards widening open ocean
Northward movement of Australian plate Cenomanian
flexural
TOP SEAL:
- Flamingo Fm
(Berrisian)
SOURCE ROCK:
-Echuca Shoal Fm
(Barremian)
Petroleum
System
of Bonaparte
Basin
P
a
l
e
o
z
o
i
c
T
r
i
a
s
s
i
c
J
u
r
a
s
s
i
c
Modified from RPS/ECL Report Modified from RPS/ECL Report
Block
JPDA 06-102
Thermal decay in crust & passive continental
margin sagging towards widening ocean
Valanginian Valanginian Valanginian
margin sagging towards widening open ocean
Creation of Petrel Sub - basin. ?Proto
formation
Late Dev Early
Carboniferous
Initiation of Westralian Superbasin. Creation of
Malita & Swan Graben. Overprinting of earlier
structures
End Carboniferous
Early Permian
Early Fitzroy movement. Extensive coarse fluvio -
deltaics in response to uplift
Norian Carnian
Rifting of micro - continents to NW of Bonaparte,
Block faulting, thermal doming & local red beds.
Formation of Flamingo High. Growth of Sahul
Platform and possibly Ashmore Platform
Late Triassic
Early Jurassic
Rifting of micro-continents along Gondwana edge &
first deep marine conditions introduced to super
basin
Rifting in Malita, Sahul, Nancar& Vulcan Graben
Callovian -
Oxfordian
Fault- controlled basin development
Kimmeridgian extension & block faulting in the
Nancar Trough
Kimmeridgian
Berriasian
- -
Carboniferous
Initiation of
Malita & Swan Graben. Overprinting of earlier
structures
deltaics
-
Rifting of micro -
Block faulting, thermal doming & local red beds.
Formation of Flamingo High. Growth of Sahul
Platform and possibly Ashmore Platform
Late Triassic
Early Jurassic
-
Callovian -
Oxfordian
Kimmeridgian extension & block faulting in the
Nancar
Kimmeridgian
Berriasian
Sahul Syncline
RESERVOIR:
-Elang/Plover Fm
(Callovian)
-Flamingo Shale Fm
(Berrisian)
-Plover intra-
formational shale
(Callovian)
Figure 5.1: Stratigraphic Summary of the Bonaparte Basin
JPDA 106-102
100 km
Figure 5.2: Tectonic Elements of the Bonaparte Basin
Baleia-1 Post-Drill Correlation
A
A
Figure 6.1: Baleia-1 Post-drill well correlation
Horizon Flattening at Makikit-Baleia Prospect
Hydrocarbon
Generation at Early
Paleocene (65 ma)
and Expulsion at 55
ma.
Flatten @ Base Eocene
@ 45ma
Flatten @ Turonian
@ 90ma
Flatten @ Base Aptian
@ 120ma
NW SE
Structures formation
Flatten at Base Aptian
(120ma), Turonian
(90ma), Base Eocene
(45 ma)
Makikit-Baleia
Structure form -pre-
date the HC
generation and
expulsion
In Line 2200
Figure 6.2: Baleia-1 Horizon Flattening at Makikit-Baleia Prospect
High gas reading observed @ Darwin Fm.
The hydrocarbon possibly leak along the
fault and accumulate in higher Formations.
The fault displacement at crestal is
approximately 350m which able all the
accumulation leak to shallower Fm. along
the fault.
Sourced from
Elang /Plover shale
NW
SE
Top Echuca Shoals
Top Elang/Plover
N W S E N W S E N W S E
Possible Hydrocarbon Migration Path
G R
B a s e A p t i a n
B a s e
F l a m i n g o
G R
B a s e A p t i a n
B a s e
F l a m i n g o
G R
B a s e A p t i a n
B a s e
F l a m i n g o
Figure 6.3: Baleia-1 Possible Hydrocarbon Migration Path
Fluid Inclusion Stratigraphy (FIS) Results (Makikit-1)
Figure 6.4: Fluid Inclusion Stratigraphy (FIS) Results (Makikit-1)
Kerogen Type and Maturity Profile for Makikit-1
Kerogen Type for Makikit-1 Maturity Profile for Makikit-1
Kerogen Type III Terrestrial
Depositional Environment
Figure 6.5: Kerogen Type and Maturity Profile for Makikit-1
TOC : n/a
HI : n/a
VRo : 0.75%
TOC : 0.88 wt%
HI : 283
VRo : n/a
TOC : 0.97 wt%
HI : 281
VRo : 0.86
TOC : 1.09 wt%
HI : 305
VRo : n/a
F
l
a
m
i
n
g
o
F
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
(
3
0
7
1
-
3
2
6
2
m
M
D
D
F
)
- Flamingo and Echuca Shoals Formations are predominantly
shale/claystone.
- The source rock shales at Makikit-1 contained slightly higher TOC
value compare to Mistral-1 and but have similar trend of high HI
value, indicating presence of good quality organic matters.
- TOC value at Makikit-1 ranging between 0.45 and 1.10 wt%.
Source Rock in Flamingo and Elang/Plover Formations (Makikit-1)
MAKIKIT-1
TOC : 1.57 wt%
HI : 232
VRo : n/a
TOC : 1.62 wt%
HI : 146
VRo : 0.92%
TOC : 0.81 wt%
HI : 191
VRo : n/a
TOC : 0.81 wt%
HI : 136
VRo : n/a
TOC : 1.50 wt%
HI : 154
VRo : 0.90
TOC : 0.46 wt%
HI : 376
VRo : n/a
E
l
a
n
g
/
P
l
o
v
e
r
F
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
(
3
2
6
2
3
4
6
0
m
M
D
D
F
)
-The high TOC shales are thin (2-3m) interbeded between thick
sand.
- TOC value at Makikit-1 quite similar with the nearby Mistral-1 well,
ranging between 1.50 and 2.50 wt%.
- Makikit-1 shales are at slightly higher maturity level, at present-
day.
Figure 6.6: Source Rock in Flamingo and Elang/Plover Formations (Makikit-1)
Post-drill Present-Day Maturity Map at Top of Plover FM (sr)
Post-drill Present-Day Hydrocarbon Generation
Phase Map at Top of Plover FM (sr)
68 mW/m
2
63 mW/m
2
56 mW/m
2
65 mW/m
2
Proposed Basal (Base of Plover Shale) Heat Flow Model
Figure 6.7: Post-drill Present-day Maturity Map and Hydrocarbon Generation Phase Map at Top Plover Formation (sr)
JPDA 06-102 Post-drill Timing of Oil and Gas Expulsion Charts
Timing of Oil Expulsion (at PS-01 well)
PS-01
Timing of Gas Expulsion (at PS-01 well)
Figure 6.8: JPDA 06-102 Post-drill Timing of Oil and Gas Expulsion Charts
Baleia-1 - Petrophysical Logs Analysis Results
Figure 6.9: Baleia-1 - Petrophysical Logs Analysis Results
Baleia-1 Elang Formation - Sample Cuttings Description
Figure 6.10: Baleia-1 Elang Formation - Sample Cuttings Description
Baleia-1 Elang Formation water sample
Recovered water samples from 3,286.6mMD
Figure 6.11: Baleia-1 Elang Formation water sample
Makikit-1 Elang Formation Petrographic Analysis
Figure 6.12: Makikit-1 Elang Formation Petrographic Analysis
Makikit-1 Plover Formation Petrographic Analysis
Figure 6.13: Makikit-1 Plover Formation Petrographic Analysis
APPENDIX 1
BALEIA-1 SIDE WALL CORE
DESCRIPTION
APPENDIX 2
BALEIA-1 PETROPHYSICAL
EVALUATION REPORT

PETRONAS CARIGALI (TIMOR SEA) LTD
Sidewall Core Description

Well Name: Baleia-1 Wireline Contractor: Schlumberger Wireline
Block: JPDA 06-102 Wireline Engineer(s): Reuben & Callum

Date 13/04/2010 For Rotary SWC For Percussion SWC
SWC Type Percussion Number of Run N/A Bullet type Hard rock & Combo
Hole Size 8.5 Number of Cut N/A Shot 30
Log suite
Suite 1 Number of Recovery N/A Misfired -
Run 5 % Recovery N/A Lost -
Geologist Farahida & Rajeevan Recovery (%) 73

No
Depth
(mMDDF)
Recovery
Lithology
Oil show
(Tr,P,F,G)
Vis Por
(P,F,G)
Detail Description
(Lithology, visible porosity and hydrocarbon shows) and remarks
cm Cond.
1. 3411 - Broken SST - P
Translucent to transparent, occasionally off white, moderate hard to hard,
occasionally very hard, fine to very fine grain, moderately cemented, poor
visible porosity, No Show
2. 3408 1.5 Good SST - P
occ very hard, fine to very fine grain, moderately cemented, poor visible
porosity, No Show
3. 3405 2.0 Good CLYST - -
Medium gray to medium dark gray, occasionally dark gray, soft to firm,
slightly calcareous, traces of glauconite
4. 3399 - - - - - Empty
5. 3396 1.0 Broken SST - N
occasionally very hard, fine to very fine grain, moderate to highly cemented,
no visible porosity, No Show
6. 3393 2.0 Good SST - P
occasionally very hard, fine to very fine grain, moderately cemented, poor


7. 3386 2.0 Good CLYST - -
slightly calcareous
8. 3382 2.0 Good SST - N
occasionally very hard, fine to very fine grain, moderately cemented, no
9. 3377 1.3 Partial SST - N
occasionally very hard, fine to very fine grain, moderate to highly cemented,
no visible porosity, No Show
10. 3373 - - - - - Empty
11. 3369 - - - - - Empty
12. 3366 - - - - - Empty
13. 3363 - Broken CLYST - -
slightly calcareous
14 3358 1.5 Partial SST - P
fine to very fine grain, trace of glauconite, moderately cemented, highly
calcareous, poor visible porosity, No Show
15 3352 2.2 Good SST - P
fine to very fine grain, trace of glauconite, moderately cemented, highly
calcareous, poor visible porosity, No Show
16 3347 - - - - - Empty
17. 3341 - - - - - Empty
18. 3337 1.5 Partial SST - P
Translucent to transparent, moderate hard to hard, fine to very fine grain,
highly siliceous cemented, very poor visible porosity, No Show


19. 3333 1.6 Good CLYST - -
slightly calcareous
20. 3329 1.8 Good CLYST - -
occasionaly hard, slightly calcareous
21. 3323 1.4 Partial CLYST - -
slightly calcareous
22. 3315 - Broken SST - P
moderate siliceous cemented, occasionally calcareous cemented, poor visible
porosity, No Show
23. 3308 2.5 Good SST - P
highly siliceous cemented, traces of pyrite, poor visible porosity, No Show
24. 3302 2.0 Good SST - P
slightly siliceous cemented, poor visible porosity, No Show
25. 3297 2.0 Good CLYST - -
slightly calcareous
26 3290 - - - - - Empty
27 3286 2.1 Good SST - P
slightly siliceous cemented, highly calcareous, poor visible porosity, No Show
28 3283 0.8 Partial SST - P
slightly siliceous cemented, traces of carbonaceous material, traces of
glauconite, poor visible porosity, No Show
29 3278 1.9 Good CLYST - -
Medium gray to medium dark gray, occ dark gray, soft to firm, slightly
calcareous
30 3273 - - - - - Empty

*Notes: 1. 22 Recovered, 8 Empty
ENCLOSURES
TOP ELANG RESERVOIR
DEPTH STRUCTURE MAP

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