WELCOME

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COMPUTER CONCEPTS
By Srinivasa Raju
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System unit Device connection
Computer Data Storage Units
Bit = 0 or 1 (Binary Digit)
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)
1024 MB = 1 GB (Giga Byte)
1024 GB = 1 TB (Terra Byte)
1024 TB = 1 PB (Peta Byte)
1024 PB = 1 EB (Exa Byte)
1024 EB = 1 ZB (Zetta Byte)
1024 ZB = 1 YB (Yotta Byte)
1024 YB = 1 (Bronto Byte)
1024 Bronto byte = 1 (Geop Byte)
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Windows, Linux, Macintosh

Word, Excel, Calculator, Audio Player etc.
Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, etc.
Computer Operator
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DESKTOP
Area that appears on the screen when Windows XP starts
A workspace for projects and tools
Uses default settings when the computer is first started
- Default settings: settings preset by the operating system
Appearance can be changed by the user
Pointing
ScreenTips
Appear when the mouse pointer is positioned over
certain objects
Display the purpose or function of the object
Figure 1-3 shows a ScreenTip
Clicking
Clicking
Pressing a mouse button and immediately
releasing it
Menu
A list of options which can be used to
perform tasks
Submenus
Start menu
Appears when the Start button is clicked
Provides access to programs, documents,
etc.
Selecting a menu command
Two possible ways of selecting objects in
Windows XP
Pointing to an object
Pointing to and then clicking an object
A selected object is highlighted
Viewing the contents of the Recycle Bin
Exploring the Start menu
Starting and Closing a Program
Running Multiple Programs
Multitasking
Ability to run multiple programs on Windows XP at the same time
Allows the user to work on more than one project at a time
The active program is the one you are currently using
Anatomy of a Window
Manipulating a Window
Changing the Size of a Window
Options for changing a windows size
- Sizing handle
Located at the lower-right corner of the window
- Window borders
Can be dragged left, right, up, or down
Selecting Options from a Menu
Menu items or commands
Choices for a menu
Appear when a menu name is clicked
Possible actions when clicked
Immediately carry out an action
Show submenus
Ask the user for more information about the desired action
Exploring Your Computer
Shutting Down Windows XP
Turn Off Computer option
Located on the Start menu
Turns off the computer
Log Off option
Located on the Start menu
Logs off Windows XP but
leaves the computer on
Using your keyboard
Using your keyboard
Whether you're writing a letter or calculating numerical data, your keyboard is the main way to enter
information into your computer. But did you know you can also use your keyboard to control your computer?
Learning just a few simple keyboard commands (instructions to your computer) can help you work more
efficiently. This article covers the basics of keyboard operation and gets you started with keyboard commands.
How the keys are organized
The keys on your keyboard can be divided into several groups based on function:
Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the same letter, number, punctuation, and symbol keys
found on a traditional typewriter.
Control keys. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain actions. The
most frequently used control keys are Ctrl, Alt, the Windows logo key , and Esc.
Function keys. The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. They are labeled as F1, F2, F3, and so
on, up to F12. The functionality of these keys differs from program to program.
Navigation keys. These keys are used for moving around in documents or webpages and editing text. They
include the arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, Delete, and Insert.
Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are grouped
together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine.
The following illustration shows how these keys are arranged on a typical keyboard. Your keyboard layout might
be different.
Using your keyboard
Typing text
Whenever you need to type something in a program, e-mail message, or text box, you'll see a blinking vertical line ( ).
That's the cursor, also called the insertion point. It shows where the text that you type will begin. You can move the
cursor by clicking in the desired location with the mouse, or by using the navigation keys (see the "Using navigation
keys" section of this article).
In addition to letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and symbols, the typing keys also include Shift, Caps Lock, Tab,
Enter, the Spacebar, and Backspace.
Press Backspace to delete the character before the cursor, or the selected text. Backspace
Press the Spacebar to move the cursor one space forward. Spacebar
Press Enter to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line. In a dialog box, press
Enter to select the highlighted button.
Enter
Press Tab to move the cursor several spaces forward. You can also press Tab to move to
the next text box on a form.
Tab
Press Caps Lock once to type all letters as uppercase. Press Caps Lock again to turn this
function off. Your keyboard might have a light indicating whether Caps Lock is on.
Caps Lock
Press Shift in combination with a letter to type an uppercase letter. Press Shift in
combination with another key to type the symbol shown on the upper part of that key.
Shift
How to use it Key name
SELECTING TEXT
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DELETING TEXT
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Typing and Selecting Text
Ctrl+C Copy
Ctrl+X Cut
Ctrl+V Paste
Ctrl+Z Undo
Delete Delete
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Win+Break System properties dialog box ' c
Win+U Utility Manager window ' c
- THANK YOU -