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r -@| -l|
-14 W
S: P
It
II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, show the MT-CDMA transmitter and
MT-CDMA spectra respectively.
CI(t)
C2(t)
I
I
CM(t)
Cos(2*pi*fIT)
Cos(2*pi*f2T)
I I I
I
I
Cos(2*pi*fMT)
~~~Transmitted bandwidth
I
fl f2 f3 f3 * * fM
.1
Ij(t)=
2jB E
n
Ij(n)pT
11
dj,,PT (t-T
where the nth data symbol is di, E D = {+ 1}, and T is
the bit time. The modulation symbol Ij(n) are analogous to
the data symbol and the modulation waveform for sub-
carrierj can be defined as[5].
(t- nT)
The Processing Gain (P) is defined as P = T,/Tc, where Tc
= l/Rc the chip time, and Rc is the chip rate. The
£ t)S
S2i25
f
(1)
(2)
modulated and spread waveforms are scaled and then
summed. The final carrier waveform is denoted as S(t) [5]
where:
M
V
'i
Cos(2*pi*fIT)
It Ij(
S(t) is the transmitted signal.
M is the number of sub-carriers.
Lx] is the integer part of x.
N2)C(n) cos(2irfJT
966
Authorized licensed use limited to: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS. Downloaded on May 28, 2009 at 21:15 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
encountered the received signal envelope is described by a second one when it is possible to get some LOS paths. We
Rayleigh or a Rician probability density function (PDF) investigate how many of the sub-carriers we can use to
[6]. The fading amplitudes can be modeled by a Rician or achieve the same or comparative performance in both of
a Rayleigh distribution, depending on the presence or them.
absence of specular signal component. Fading is Rayleigh
if the multiple reflective paths are large in number and peofoyance of MT-CDMA in presence of single janring over Rayleigh and Rician channels
~-: I:::: I:::::a:::::.:::::::;::: --t- Rayleigh channel
there is no dominant line-of-sight (LOS) propagation path. - Jo- J.aRictO Rician chsnrtel
-::::,:: K-factor=2f Rician channel
If there is also a dominant LOS path, then the fading is ::::-
Rician- distributed. The fading amplitude ri at the ith time 10 *,__-* ; ; ,,,,,,;, , ....
.........
,, ,,,; .;-..-;-;
DL --------------_
S , -~~ -------- . _ ._,
--------r------ - - q ---------;------.--------
jU
m 10
r
::
-e---
::
-
@ ::
---------'
t -
--_
------'------'-----............ ~ ------
increased as the number of the sub-carriers increased. But _ __
__------------
. .
:------
--------
- ---
:-------------
--- .--------
--- ---
-
967
Authorized licensed use limited to: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS. Downloaded on May 28, 2009 at 21:15 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
The other important factor of the single jamming is its V. CONCULSION
center frequency, the worst case when it is located at the In this work, the performance of MT-CDMA in fading
same frequency as one of the sub-carriers [7]. Fig. 7 channels, various system conditions and in presence of
shows the effect of the center frequency of the jammer and narrowband jamming noise has been investigated.
the jamming to signal power ratio. At first we have Two fading channels have been considered, Rayleigh
replaced the jammer at the same frequency as the first and Rician fading channels. The performance in Rician
sub-carrier to get the worst case and then at the MT- channels is enhanced due to the existing of LOS paths
CDMA spectra and the jamming to signal power was the between the receiver and transmitter (high K-factor). The
same for both cases, and then we increase the jamming to number of the sub-carriers that can be used is limited by
signal ratio power. From Fig. 7 we can easily note that, the chanel characteristics. The number of sub-carrier
the performance is almost for the first two cases and that increases as the number of LOS paths increases in the
means replacing the jamming on one of the sub-carrier channel.
center frequencies will not affect the performance. But by The sub-carriers interfering also limit the number of
increasing the jamming to signal power ratio from 1dB to sub-carriers and degrade the system performance.
3dB the performance has been degraded clearly. Increasing the processing gain enhances the system
performance.
performance of MT-CDMA in presence of single jamming over Rayleigh
- J-&-- Ff4requency of first subcarter, Rayleigh
It has been shown that, replacing the single jamming at
Fig. 7 ..Ef-f
.. erto frequency of t ransmdted peRat signal, weh
a-ti n=3ffrequency offcrst subafrier,Rayleigh
the centre frequency of one of the subcarriers frequencies
(worst jamming case) has a negligible effect and almost
o------------- -------.---------------
the same as replacing it at the center of the spectrum of
-
the transmitted signal however, the performance is
.. . .._..._
-----------
_
------- '-------__
-----
_ -_ __ _ _ _ _
degraded as jamming to signal power ratio increases.
a: s__._. .......... s.k-- ---.---5------- ------r-------
.----t,-____,___-______-
-----'---
-- ---.- - -
... .... ......
... .-_--
.-_-
.- - --
.- .- ------
-- .- -.- .-- .----
In
Fi.
8, th efec of incrasin th prcssn gai is. IV. REFERENCES
.,.,------,-- -- --;- --------;- --- --.------n----- --;----- '---- -- -- --
2, 3 A .8 9 1
[1 L.Vandendorpe, Multitone Spread Spectrum Multiple Access
7. Efec ~of frqec
Fig.~ of th .amn an .h
oeosgaoe Communications System in a Multipath Rician Fading
Channel. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular AR technology.
Vol. 44. NO. 2. 1995.
Effethoffeffenct of
Fig. Fi. increammingan the procesosinggnain
powe [21 D. W. Matolak, V. Deepak, F. A. Alder, Perfonnance of
Multitone and Multicarrier DS-SS in the Presence of
Imperfect Phase Synchronization. School of Electrical
shown. Engineering & Computer Science, Athens, OH 45701.2002.
[3] S. Hara, R. Prasad, Overview of Multicarrier CDMA, IEEE
Communication Magazine, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 126-133,
December 1997.
[4] D. W. Matolak, F. A. Alder, V. Deepak, Performance of
Multitone and Multicarrier DS-SS in The Presence of Partial-
Band Pulse Jamming/Interference. School of Electrical
Engineering & Computer Science, Athens, OH 45701.2002.
[5] 1. Sen, Bandwidth Efficient Reduced-complexity MT-DS-SS
via Reduced sub-carrier Frequency Spacing. M.Eng. Thesis.
Carleton University. Ohio University. 2004.
[61 Nikolay.K. 2003. Mobile Radio Channels Modeling in
MATLAB. RADIOENGINEERING, Vol. 12, no. 4,
December 2003.
[71 R. L. Peterson, R. E. Ziemer, D. E. Borht, Introduction to
Spread Spectrum Communication, Prentice-Hall, Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey, 1995.
968
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