CSS Pseudo Classes

7/21/2014 CSS Pseudo-classes
http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_pseudo_classes.asp 1/3
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CSS Pseudo-classes
CSS pseudo-classes are used to add special effects to some selectors.
Syntax
The syntax of pseudo-classes:
selector:pseudo-class {
property:value;
}
CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes:
selector.class:pseudo-class {
property:value;
}
Anchor Pseudo-classes
Links can be displayed in different ways in a CSS-supporting browser:
Example
/* unvisited link */
a:link {
color: #FF0000;
}
/* visited link */
a:visited {
color: #00FF00;
}
/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
color: #FF00FF;
}
/* selected link */
a:active {
color: #0000FF;
}
Try it yourself
Note: a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.
Pseudo-classes and CSS Classes
Pseudo-classes can be combined with CSS classes:
CSS:
a.red:visited {
color: #FF0000;
}
HTML:
<a class="red" href="css_syntax.asp">CSS Syntax</a>
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If the link in the example above has been visited, it will be displayed in red.
CSS - The :first-child Pseudo-class
The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another element.
Note: For :first-child to work in IE8 and earlier, a <!DOCTYPE> must be declared.
Match the first element
In the following example, the selector matches any element that is the first child of any element:
Example
p:first-child {
color: blue;
}
Try it yourself
Match the first element in all elements
In the following example, the selector matches the first element in all elements:
Example
p > i:first-child {
color: blue;
}
Try it yourself
Match all elements in all first child elements
In the following example, the selector matches all elements in elements that are the first child of another element:
Example
p:first-child i {
color: blue;
}
Try it yourself
CSS - The :lang Pseudo-class
The :lang pseudo-class allows you to define special rules for different languages.
Note: IE8 supports the :lang pseudo-class only if a <!DOCTYPE> is specified.
In the example below, the :lang class defines the quotation marks for q elements with lang="no":
Example
<html>
<head>
<style>
q:lang(no) {
quotes: "~" "~";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q> Some text.
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself
Previous Next Chapter
More Examples
Add different styles to hyperlinks
This example demonstrates how to add other styles to hyperlinks.
Use of :focus
This example demonstrates how to use the :focus pseudo-class.
All CSS Pseudo Classes/Elements
Selector Example Example description
:link a:link Selects all unvisited links
:visited a:visited Selects all visited links
:active a:active Selects the active link
:hover a:hover Selects links on mouse over
:focus input:focus Selects the input element which has focus
::first-letter p::first-letter Selects the first letter of every element
::first-line p::first-line Selects the first line of every element
:first-child p:first-child Selects every elements that is the first child of its parent
::before p::before Insert content before every element
::after p::after Insert content after every element
:lang(language) p:lang(it) Selects every element with a lang attribute value starting with "it"
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7/21/2014 CSS Pseudo-classes

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