2G vs3G Comparison Essentials

Multiwireless Sdn Bhd

Prepared by: Huzaini
Basic Fundamental
Course
BASIC CONCEPT
Multiwireless Sdn Bhd
22 May 2010
2
2G - GSM
3G - WCDMA
Frequency
FDD
Code
CDMA
time
frequency
time
frequency
Time
TDD
Maxis WCDMA frequencies*:
f1 10686 (DL) / 9712 (UL) - primary
f2 10637 (DL) / 9687 (UL)
f3 10662 (DL) / 9736 (UL)
frequency
structure
Network Element:
MSC
SGSN
RNC
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB
iub iuCS
iuPS
UE
UE
uu
* Note: Different operator have different frequencies and different strategy advice by Vendor (Huawei/Ericsson/NSN)
For CS
For PS
Bandwidth = 5MHz bandwidth
Chip rate = 3.84 Mchip/s chip rate
Frame length = 10 ms frame
Maxis GSM frequencies:
900MHz, 1800MHz
frequency
Bandwidth = 200kHz
bandwidth
SCRAMBLING CODES (SC)
Spreading Factor User DL Bit Rate (kbps) User UL Bit Rate (kbps)
8 384 128
16 128 64
32 64 32
64 32 16
128 16 8
3
SC: 1
SC: 17
Scrambling Code:
Using pseudo noise (PN) codes
Used to differentiate cells in the downlink (DL)
Range is 0 - 512
SC
SC: 9, Service: CS Call
DL Channelization code: C
128,5
Spreading factor: 128
User bit rate: 12.2 kbps
SC: 9, Service: PS Download
DL Channelization code: C
8,2
Spreading Factor: 8
User bit rate: 384 kbps
Channelization Code:
Using Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
(OVSF) codes
Fully orthogonal, i.e. do not interfere with
each other
Used to separate different users/cell
Limited codes per cell
Once a code is chosen, any codes on the
same branch above or below the used code
cannot be used (refer diagram below)
SF
SC: 418
C
8,2
C
16,3
C
32,5
C
32,6
C
64,9
C
64,10
C
64,11
C
64,11
used
SC: 9
Multiwireless Sdn Bhd
22 May 2010
HANDOVER (1)
Multiwireless Sdn Bhd
22 May 2010
4
2G
Cell1
3G
Cell1
f1
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3G
Cell2
f1
SOFT HANDOVER
Active Set:
Up to 3 cells in soft handover (sHO), i.e. 3 AS. This means
a UE can be served by up to 3 cells at the same time.
Note that 3 AS equals to using 3 cells resources at the
same time.
AS
Things to define
Motorola: inter_rat_enabled, 2g>3g neighbours
1
Ericsson: qsi, 2g>3g neighbours
Parameter
2G vs 3G
RxLev = Signal strength = RSCP
RxQual = Signal Quality = Ec/Io
BCCH/ARFCN = Frequency Channel / Code = Scrambling Code (SC)
Monitored Neigbour / Detected Neighbour
Monitored Neighbour (MN): Neighbour already
defined
2
, can be added as an AS if criterion is met
Detected Neighbour (DN): Neighbour not defined in the
neighbour list, need to be added TWO-WAY if it is a
valid missing neighbour. A DN whose RSCP is too
close to the strongest server and not added as a
neighbour will become an interferer.
MN/DN
Add
Dont Add
SOFT HANDOVER
IRAT
Dedicated
TEMS Snapshot
3G
Cell3
f2
H
A
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H
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Intra-frequency HO
H
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H
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HANDOVER(2)
Parameter Meas. Q Eric NSN
e1a Ec/No 3 3
e1b Ec/No 5 6
e1c Ec/No 1 2
e1d Ec/No 7.5 4
e2d rscp -104 -102
e2f rscp -101 -97
e3a rscp -95 -100
5
Event 1a - A Primary CPICH enters
the Reporting Range
e1a
Event 1b -A Primary CPICH leaves
the Reporting Range
e1b
Event 1c - A non-active primary
CPICH becomes better than an
Active Primary CPICH
e1c
Event 1d - Change of Best Cell e1d
Event 2d - The estimated quality of
the currently used frequency is
below a certain Threshold
e2d
Event 2f - The estimated quality of
the currently used frequency is
above a certain threshold
e2f
Event 3a - The Estimated Quality of
the Currently Used UTRAN
Frequency is below a Certain
Threshold and the Estimated
Quality of the Other System is
above a Certain Threshold
e3a
Maxis default values
Multiwireless Sdn Bhd
22 May 2010
OPTIMIZATION
Multiwireless Sdn Bhd
22 May 2010
6
TEMS Snapshot
RSCP = COVERAGE
It is equivalent to RxLev in GSM
Coverage
Ec/No = QUALITY
It is equivalent to RxQual in GSM. Very important to
optimize network to have good quality (>-12dB)
Quality
OPTIMIZATION CONCEPT
To have best Ec/No (not necessarily RSCP) by
minimizing other cells interference. This means
optimizing a cells coverage with balancing between
RSCP and Ec/No.
Ideally, at one point in time, you should have only 1AS
only. But for practicality, it should be less than 3 cells
(including best server) within 6dB of the best servers
RSCP (above example would have 4 cells)
3G Opti METHODS OF OPTIMIZATION
Tilting of overshooting site
Power down of overshooting site with max tilts
Neighbour addition of DNs
Reengineering, e.g. antenna swing
Methods
Common Pilot Channel
Use for channel estimation reference at the terminal;
scrambled with cell specific primary SC; DL channel with a
fixed rate of 30 kbps or SF256
CPICH
RESOURCES & CAPACITY
Multiwireless Sdn Bhd
22 May 2010
7
NODE B
E1 CAPACITY
Type: Site-level
Note: This resource is for
signaling and traffic between
Node B and RNC (highest priority
among all resources mentioned
here).
Congestion Resolution: E1
upgrade
IUB
CHANNEL ELEMENT
Type: Site-level
Note: This resource shared between
sectors within one NodeB. It is used to
process different type of services, e.g.
CS, PS, HSDPA, 1 CE = 1 Voice Call
Congestion Resolution: Channel card
activation or addition
CE/CHC
POWER
Type: Cell-level
Note: Output power on
the downlink is shared
between UEs.for their
respective traffic
Congestion Resolution:
Power upgrade or 2
nd
Carrier
POWER
CODE
Type: Cell-level
Note: This is referring to the
channelization/OVSF code
resource which is one per
service (more codes for
HSDPA)
Congestion Resolution: 2
nd
Carrier
CODE
RNC
RF Tools
Multiwireless Sdn Bhd
22 May 2010
8
TEMS Investigation
NEMO
Genex
Couei
ROMES
Rodge & Schwarz
SwissQual

9
Basic Tems Investigation 7.1.3 Overview
What to focus on 3G tems?
Line Chart WCDMA/GSM
Radio Parameters WCDMA
Serving/ Active Set-
Neighbours WCDMA
Map
Layer 3
Layer 2
Radio Parameters GSM
Current Channel GSM
Serving Neighbors By
Band GSM
10
Line Chart WCDMA/GSM
CPICH RSCP
UM
TS
GS
M
RxLevSub
UE Tx Power/
SIR/ SIR
Target/ Ec/No
RxQualSub
IRAT from UMTS to
GSM network
SQI
11
Radio Parameters WCDMA
Tx Power- UE
transmit power in
dBm. Valid only in
connected mode.
This window presents a collection of information elements describing the status of the radio link and some
more general radio conditions.
UTRA Carrier RSSI-
Total energy
measured by the
UE in the 5 MHz
frequency band.
SIR-Signal-to-
interference ratio
measured by a UE
on the DPCH.
SQI- Speech Quality Index for
WCDMA. The range is different
depending on the AMR speech
codec mode. The maximum SQI
values are as follows:
12.2 kbit/s: 30 dBQ
10.2 kbit/s: 28 dBQ
7.95 kbit/s: 28 dBQ
7.40 kbit/s: 27 dBQ
6.70 kbit/s: 27 dBQ
5.90 kbit/s: 24 dBQ
5.15 kbit/s: 21 dBQ
4.75 kbit/s: 19 dBQ
RSCP
Ec/No
!!RSSI =
!!Target SIR should lower
than SIR- UE will power down
12
Serving/ Active Set- Neighbours WCDMA
Active Set
Monitored
Neighbours
Detected
Neighbours
13
Layer 3/ Layer 2
Layer 2 messages
Indicate the basic call event.
Example: Call setup, Handover, Dropped Call, Cell Reselection
etc.
Layer 3 messages
Indicates the system information & check the health of the call.
14
Case Studies
1. Voice Call
IRAT
Coverage (Low RF)
Missing Neighbour (Detected Neighbour)/ Overshooting Cell
2G-3G Idle Mode Reselection
3G-2G Idle mode Reselection
2. Video Call
What different between Voice call and Video call?
What is MOC and MTC?
3. Packet Service (PS)
What is PS?
PS vs Car speed during drive test?
15
IRAT
The IRAT threshold:
Base on Ec/No= -12
OR
Base on RSCP= -104 dBm
16
Coverage (Low RF)
Low RF in 3G?
AS/ MN with average RSCP < -100 dBm for
outdoor & with average Ec/No <-10
17
Missing Neighbour (DN)/ Overshooting Cell
DN/ Overshooting Cell?
It will be captured as DN with good RSCP
& Ec/No.
Based on local knowledge, the RF is
needed or it is an overshooting cell.
18
3G-2G Idle Mode Reselection
How?
Based on Ec/No threshold.
19
2G-3G Idle Mode Reselection
How?
Inter_rat parameter has to be enabled in 2G
cell.
A few parameters to be changed in 2G
system in order for reselection.
20
Video Call
How to differentiate between Voice Call/
Video Call?
DL Spreading Factor= 32 [ DL 64 kbps]
On video call, no IRAT.
Why? It is utilizing the CS64 RAB bearer.