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Oslo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 7/16/2014
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo 1 / 12
DatafromStatistics Norway
Det Kongelige Slott (The Royal Palace) is the
home of the Royal Family.
Oslo Timeline (major events)
CA. 1000 AD First traces of buildings. The St. Clement's
Church is built.
CA. 1050 AD Oslo marked as a city. Mariakirken is built.
1152/53 AD The Cathedral school is established
1299 AD Oslo becomes the capital of Norway
CA. 1300 Construction of Akershus Fortress starts.
1350 AD Around 3/4 of the population dies under the
Black Death.
1352 AD St. Hallvard's Cathedral and the other
Sogne Churches are burned to the ground
in a major fire
1624 AD Another major fire, the cityis rebuilt and
renamed Christiania byChristian 4.
1686 AD Fire ruins 1/4 of the city.
1697 AD Domkirken is finished and opened
1716 AD The cityand the fortress conquered byKarl
12.
1813 The Universityis opened.
1825 The foundations of Slottet are finished.
1836 The National Galleryis finished.
1837 Christiania Theatre is opened. Christiania
and Aker get a Mayor and kommunestyre.
1854 Oslo gets its first railway, which leads to
Eidsvoll.
1866 Stortinget is completed.
1878 Cityexpanded. Frogner, Majorstuen,
Torshov, Kampen and Vlerengen are
populated and rebuilt. 113000 citizens.
1892 The first Holmenkollbakken is finished.
1894 The citygets its first electrical track.
1899 Nationaltheateret is finished.
1925 Cityrenamed as Oslo.
1927 The Monolith is raised.
1928 Oslo first Metro line, Majorstuen-Besserud
is opened.
1950 Oslo CityHall opened.
1963 The Munch Museum is opened.
1980 Metro line under the city, Oslo Central
Station and Nationaltheatret Station
opened.
1997 Population over 500 000.
1998 Rikshospitalet opened. New railwayline to
Gardermoen.
2000 The citycelebrates thousand-years jubilee.
2008 Oslo Opera House is opened.
2011 Several buildings in the Regjeringskvartalet
are heavilydamaged during a terrorist
attack, resulting in 8 deaths. 69 people are
massacred on the nearbyUtya island.
excess of 634,000.
[8]
The urban area extends beyond the boundaries
of the municipality into the surrounding county of Akershus, (municipalities of Brum, Asker, Ryken, Lrenskog,
Skedsmo, Gjerdrum, Srum, Oppegrd) its agglomeration total 951,581 inhabitants.
[13]
The metropolitan area of
Oslo, also referred to as the Greater Oslo Region (Norwegian: Stor-Osloregionen), has a land area of 8,900 km
2
(3,400 sq mi)
[14]
with a population of 1,502,602 as of 1 April 2014. The Inner Oslo Fjord Region, or the Capital
Region made up by the five counties of Oslo, Akershus, Buskerud, Vestfold (west bank of the Oslo fjord) and stfold
(east bank) has a population of 1,980,116 people (as of January 2013). The city centre is situated at the end of the
Oslofjord, from which point the city sprawls out in three distinct "corridors" from its centre; inland north-eastwards, and
southwards along both sides of the fjord, which gives the urbanized area a shape reminiscent of an upside-down
reclining "Y" (on maps, satellite pictures, or from high above the city).
To the north and east, wide forested hills (Marka) rise above the city giving the location the shape of a giant
amphitheatre. The urban municipality (bykommune) of Oslo and county of Oslo (fylke) are two parts of the same
entity, making Oslo the only city in Norway where two administrative levels are integrated. Of Oslo's total area,
115 km
2
(44 sq mi) is built-up and 7 km
2
(2.7 sq mi) is agricultural. The open areas within the built-up zone amount to
22 km
2
(8.5 sq mi).
The city of Oslo was established as a municipality on 3 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). It was separated
from the county of Akershus to become a county of its own in 1842. The rural municipality of Aker was merged with
Oslo on 1 January 1948 (and simultaneously transferred from Akershus county to Oslo county). Furthermore, Oslo
shares several important functions with Akershus county.
General information [edit]
Toponymy [edit]
For full article, see History of Oslo's name
The origin of the name Oslo has been the subject of much debate. It is certainly derived from Old Norse and wasin
all probabilityoriginally the name of a large farm at Bjrvika, but the meaning of that name is disputed. Modern
linguists generally interpret the original slo or slo as either "Meadowat the Foot of a Hill" or "MeadowConsecrated
to the Gods", with both considered equally likely.
[15]
Erroneously, it was once assumed that "Oslo" meant "the mouth of the Lo river", a supposed previous name for the
river Alna. However, not only has no evidence been found of a river "Lo" predating the work where Peder Claussn
Friis first proposed this etymology, but the very name is ungrammatical in Norwegian: the correct form would have
been Loaros (cf. Nidaros).
[16]
The name Lo is nowbelieved to be a back-formation arrived at by Friis in support of his
spurious etymology for Oslo.
[17]
City seal [edit]
Main article: Seal of Oslo
Oslo is one of very fewcities in Norway, besides Bergen and Tnsberg, that does not have a formal coat of arms, but
which uses a city seal instead.
[18]
The seal of Oslo shows the city's patron saint, St. Hallvard, with his attributes, the
millstone and arrows, with a naked woman at his feet. He is seated on a throne with lion decorations, which at the time
was also commonly used by the Norwegian Kings.
[19]
History [edit]
According
to the
Norse
sagas,
Oslo was
founded
around
1049 by
King
Harald
Hardrde.
[20]
Recent archaeological research has uncovered
Christian burials which can be dated to prior to AD 1000,
evidence of a preceding urban settlement.
[citation needed]
This
called for the celebration of Oslo's millennium in 2000.
It has been regarded as the capital city since the reign of King
Haakon V (12991319), the first king to reside permanently in
the city. He also started the construction of the Akershus
Castle. A century later, Norway was the weaker part in a
personal union with Denmark, and Oslo's role was reduced to
that of provincial administrative centre, with the monarchs
residing in Copenhagen. The fact that the University of Oslo
was founded as late as 1811 had an adverse effect on the
development of the nation.
[citation needed]
Oslo was destroyed several times by fire, and after the
fourteenth calamity, in 1624, King Christian IV of Denmark and
Norway ordered it rebuilt at a newsite across the bay, near
Akershus Castle and given the name Christiania. Long before
this, Christiania had started to establish its stature as a centre
of commerce and culture in Norway. The part of the city built
starting in 1624 is nowoften called Kvadraturen because of its
orthogonal layout.
[citation needed]
The last plague outbreak in
Oslo occurred in 1654.
[21]
In 1814 Christiania once more
became a real capital when the union with Denmark was
dissolved.
Many landmarks were built in the 19th century, including the
Royal Palace (18251848); Stortinget (the Parliament) (1861
1866), the University, Nationaltheatret and the Stock
Exchange. Among the world-famous artists who lived here
during this period were Henrik Ibsen and Knut Hamsun (the
latter was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature). In 1850,
Christiania also overtook Bergen and became the most
populous city in the country. In 1877 the city was renamed
Kristiania. The original name of Oslo was restored in 1925.
[22]
10001600 [edit]
Main article: Old Town, Oslo
Under the reign of King Olav Kyrre, Oslo became a cultural
centre for Eastern Norway. St. Hallvard became the city's
patron saint and is depicted on the city's seal.
In 1174, Hovedya Abbey (Hovedya kloster) was built. The churches and abbeys became major owners of large
tracts of land, which proved important for the city's economic development, especially before the Black Death.
During the Middle Ages, Oslo reached its heights in the reign of King Haakon V. He started the building of Akershus
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