CarboSTIM

Carbonate Stimulation Service

Your Engineered Solution
for Production Enhancement in
Carbonate Reservoirs
Presented by: Rommel E Arias
CarboSTIM
Design / Execute / Evaluate
StimCADE
FracCADE
CarboSTIM
Chemistry
Super X Emulsion -
High Temperature
(SXE - HT)
NARS Plus
CarboSTIM
Placement
Self Diverting Acid
(SDA/LCA)
OilSEEKER
FoamMAT
Stimulation of Carbonates
The injection of acids into carbonate reservoirs leads to
the formation of highly conductive flow channels.
Fracture Acidizing
Matrix Acidizing
Conductive
etch paths
Wormholes
Pore Level Carbonate Stimulation
H+
carbonate
Acid invades porous
matrix where it reacts
with the pore walls.
H+
Pore Collision
Acid attack
increases
pore diameter
H+
carbonate
H+
Pore Collision
Ever widening
pore channels
can collide.
H+
H+
Q = 0.04 cm
3
/min
PV
inj
= 43.1
Q = 0.11 cm
3
/min
PV
inj
= 10.0
Q = 0.3 cm
3
/min
PV
BT
= 3.3
Q = 1.05 cm
3
/min
PV
BT
= 0.8
Q = 10 cm
3
/min
PV
BT
= 2.1
Q = 60 cm
3
/min
PV
BT
= 6.7
Wormhole Structures
P
o
r
e

V
o
l

t
o

B
r
e
a
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
1
10
100
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
10
2
Injection rate [cm
3
/min]
3.4% HCl
length = 4 in.
diameter = 1.5 in.
Matrix Self-Diverting Acids
Polymer gelled acid base
Treatments stages - diverter slugs
Create a temporary rigid gel while spending in
Wormholes created by previous acid stage
Acidized natural fractures
Pre / post production logs confirm uniform treatment
Breaks to a low viscosity when spent (little damage)
Viscosity and pH

SDA cross-links when pH 3

= + 1000 cP
Rigid cross-linked gel
SDA breaks-back when pH 4
= 15 cP
pH
Matrix Self-Diverting Acid Systems
Applications (Carbonate formations)
Oil , water or gas wells up to 300
o
F
Horizontal wells
Intervals with high permeability contrasts
Benefits
Improved zone coverage , increased productivity
Reduced acid treatment volumes
Effective diversion in cased or open hole
Improved productivity
CarboSTIM
Well 1B1
Production Rate
1540 bopd
Should you stimulate this well? If so, how?
What information do you need?
HEEL MIDDLE TOE
400 ft. 200 ft. 400 ft.
THIEF
ZONE?
CarboSTIM - Candidate Recognition
Well 1B1
Pre-Treatment Production: 1540 bopd
Post-Treatment Prediction:
2550 bopd@ skin = 0
2840 bopd@ skin =- 2
3200 bopd@ skin =- 4
CarboSTIM - Stimulation Strategy
Determine How to Achieve Your Production Goal
OPTION #1
Design a Matrix Treatment
using StimCADE
Perform Economic Analysis.
Does the net present value (NPV)
of the treatment reach your goal?
Perform the Matrix
Stimulation Treatment
Does the treatment achieve
your production goal?
YES
Evaluate Monthly
Production
Evaluate
Mechanical Problems
Is a zero or slightly
positive skin required
Is your well an under-producer?
i.e. A valid candidate for stimulation
Are there mechanical problems?
Is a negative skin required
to yield your target production?
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
Results of StimCADE simulation of bullhead
placement using 15% HCl into Well #1B1.
CarboSTIM
Clients Objective: Maximize
acid flow into Zones 2 and 3
Non-thief zones.
Treatment:
15,000 gallons of 15% HCl
33% of the acid enters the
thief zone at the Heel
4.7 gallons of HCl per foot
reaches the Toe section
(Zone 3).
Bullheading not efficient -
Client did not meet objective!
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Volume (gal)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
W
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L
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(
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)
Zone 1 Heel
Zone 2 Middle
Zone 3 Toe
1 2
--- Treatment Fluids ---
1 - SEA WATER
2 - 15% HCl
StimCADE*
*Mark of Schlumberger
Acid Placement: Wormhole length vs. Volume by Zone
0 1 2 3
Radial Penetration (ft)
6400
6800
7200
7600
8000
Z
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e

D
e
p
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h

(
f
t
)
SEA WATER
15% HCl
StimCADE*
*Mark of Schlumberger
Radial Penetration Plot
Face/Compact Dissolution
CarboSTIM
Clients Objective: Maximize
acid flow into Zones 2 and 3
Non-thief zones.
Treatment:
15,000 gallons of 15% HCl
Self Diverting Acid (SDA)
Coiled Tubing placement
Post-treatment = 1750 bopd
NPV @ 100 days = $31K
Payout = 81 days
Results of StimCADE simulation of coiled tubing placement
using 15% HCl with SDA diversion into Well #1B1.
0 1 2 3 4
Radial Penetration (ft)
6400
6800
7200
7600
8000
Z
o
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e

D
e
p
t
h

(
f
t
)
SEA WATER
SDA
15% HCl
StimCADE*
*Mark of Schlumberger
Radial Penetration Plot
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Volume (gal)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
W
o
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h
o
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L
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(
f
t
)
Zone 1 Heel
Zone 2 Middle
Zone 3 Toe
1 2 3 2 3
--- Treatment Fluids ---
1 - SEA WATER
2 - SDA
3 - 15% HCl
StimCADE*
*Mark of Schlumberger
Acid Placement: Wormhole length vs. Volume by Zone
CarboSTIM - Fluid Selection
Matrix Stimulation Acid Fracturing Propped Fracturing
Type of Treatment
Temperature
< 200 F
Mud and Silt
Removal Acid MSR
Super X Emulsion (250 F.)
Temperature
200 - 350 F
Super X Emulsion
SXE - HT
Temperature
350 - 500 F
Organic Acid
MSR FORMIC
MSR ACETIC
NARS Plus
Temperature
< 300 F
Pressure Gradient
> 0.5 PSI/FT
Temperature
300 - 400 F
DGA 400
Super X Emulsion HT (350 F)
Leakoff Control Acid
LCA
Super X Emulsion (250 F)
Super X Emulsion HT (350 F)
SXE
Temperature
< 200 F
YF100
YF100LG / ClearFRAC
Temperature
200 - 300 F
YF100 EC or HTD
YF500 / ClearFRAC (250 F)
Temperature
300 - 400 F
YF100 EC (350 F)
YF500 HT
YF 800
YES
NO
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Volume (gal)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
W
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h
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L
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g
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(
f
t
)
Zone 1 Heel
Zone 2 Middle
Zone 3 Toe
1 2 3 2 3
Treatment Fluids
1 - SEA WATER
2 - SDA
3 - SXE - HT
StimCADE*
*Mark of Schlumberger
Acid Placement: Wormhole length vs. Volume by Zone
0 1 2 3 4
Radial Penetration (ft)
6400
6800
7200
7600
8000
Z
o
n
e

D
e
p
t
h

(
f
t
)
SEA WATER
SDA
SXE - HT
StimCADE*
*Mark of Schlumberger
Radial Penetration Plot
CarboSTIM
Results of StimCADE simulation of coiled tubing placement
with SDA diversion and Super X Emulsion into Well #1B1.
Clients Objective: Maximize
acid flow into Zones 2 and 3
Non-thief zones.
Treatment:
15,000 gallons of SXE-HT
Self Diverting Acid (SDA)
Coiled Tubing placement
Post-treatment = 2350 bopd
NPV @ 100 days = $533K
Payout = 18 days
Wormhole
CarboSTIM
Clients Objective: Maximize
acid flow into Zones 2 and 3
Non-thief zones.
Treatment:
22,500 gallons of SXE-HT
Self Diverting Acid (SDA)
Coiled Tubing placement
Post-treatment = 2650 bopd
NPV @ 100 days = $707K
Payout = 16 days
Results of StimCADE simulation of coiled tubing placement with SDA diver-
sion and Super X Emulsion into horizontal well with the thief zone at the Heel
0 1 2 3 4
Radial Penetration (ft)
6400
6800
7200
7600
8000
Z
o
n
e

D
e
p
t
h

(
f
t
)
SEA WATER
SDA
SXE - HT
StimCADE*
Radial Penetration Plot
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
Volume (gal)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
W
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(
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)
Zone 1 Heel
Zone 2 Middle
Zone 3 Toe
1 2 3 2 3
--- Treatment Fluids ---
1 - SEA WATER
2 - SDA
3 - SXE - HT
StimCADE*
*Mark of Schlumberger
Acid Placement: Wormhole length vs. Volume by Zone
*Mark of Schlumberger
CarboSTIM - Stimulation Strategy
Determine How to Achieve Your Production Goal
OPTION #2
Design Acid Frac Treatment
using FracCADE
OPTION #3
Design a Propped Fracture
Treatment using FracCADE
Perform Economic Analysis.
Does the net present value (NPV)
of the treatment reach you goal?
Perform Economic Analysis.
Does the net present value (NPV)
of the treatment reach you goal?
Perform the
Acid Frac Treatment
Perform the Propped
Fracture Treatment
Does the treatment achieve
your production goal?
Does the treatment achieve
your production goal?
YES
YES
OPTION #1
Design a Matrix Treatment
using StimCADE
Perform Economic Analysis.
Does the net present value (NPV)
of the treatment reach your goal?
Perform the Matrix
Stimulation Treatment
Does the treatment achieve
your production goal?
YES
Evaluation Production
Monthly
Evaluate
Mechanical Problems
Is a zero or slightly
positive skin required
Is your well an under-producer?
i.e. A valid candidate for stimulation
Are there mechanical problems?
Is a negative skin required
to yield your target production?
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
CarboSTIM - Realtime Monitoring
StimCADE: MatTIME skin
FracCADE: Net Pressure plot
Modify the treatment on-the-fly based on well
response
CarboSTIM - Post Treatment Evaluation
StimCADE/FracCADEs post-
treatment analysis
Better understand
treatment results
Improve future designs.
Treatment Pressure and Skin
Treating fluid efficiency
Diverter efficiency
Pre and Post Treatment
Production
Treatment objectives vs
results
Modify input data
Monitor production
CarboSTIM Conclusion
IMPROVE YOUR
PRODUCTION and ROI!
Design/Execute/Evaluate
StimCADE
FracCADE
Chemistry
SXE - HT
NARS - Plus
Placement
SDA/LCA
OilSEEKER
FoamMAT
The CarboSTIM Service
step-by-step approach:
CarboSTIM
An Engineered Solution for Production Enhancement