AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PUZLING

LOGIC
ANOATOMY OF PROJECT:P- PLANNING OF WORK
R- REASERCH OF DESIGN
O- ORGANISATION
J- JOINT EFFORTS
E- ENGINERING FUNCTION
C- COURAE TO TAKE RISK
T- TECHNOLOGY
INDEX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

INTRODUCTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
CONTROL SYSTEM
MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY
POWER SUPPLY DESIGN
TYPES OF MOTORS, SPECIFICAION AND APPLICATIONS
SYSTEM HARDWARE
SPECIFICATION
TROUBLE SHOOTING AND TEST POINTS
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
APPLICATIONS
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
3-D VIEW OF ENCLOSURE
FLIM OF PCB WITH COMPONENT PLACEMENT
BILL OF MATERIAL
BIBILOGRAPHY
DATASHEETS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
In communication mobile technology and information
technology are the examples. In industrial electronics a single motor is
driving the total plant. In biomedical electronics X-ray machine, scanning
machine, ECG, EMG & Hemodylysis machines are the main gifts. Also,
PLCs & embedded systems have a Lions share in industrial automation.
We are developing a system Automatic Car Parking
System which will be controlled by a single chip micro controller. The
system is developed using the puzzle logic.
In big cities and multistory building, there is no enough
space for parking the cars in multi floor fashion.
Lets consider the case study of Taj Hotel in Mumbai
where number of floors and numbers of rooms and flats are available in
same building. It is highly impossible to park the cars on the ground floor
only.
We are utilizing a lift system for each column. The cars
can be moved in vertical and horizontal fashion. The incoming and outgoing
cars are first coming in entrance, and then the user will press his allotted
button and leave his car. The car will be automatically located at its pallet
place. Similarly, when user has to go outside, he will come in the entrance
and will call his pallet number. His car will be available in the entrance. On
each floor, one pallet has to be kept free so that the puzzling can be made
possible. The cars are parked automatically with belt and pulley systems.
Thus, plenty of cars can be parked in this fashion. The
limit switches will be fitted in mechanical assembly. These switches will

sense whether the car is on the pallet is present or not. The logic high and
low signals will be given to micro controller as the input. The keyboard
connections will go directly to the CPT AT89C51 as the input. The micro
controller is provided with Tran receivers and pulls up resistor in order to
avoid the tri-state logic situations.
The relay board is drive by the micro controller with its
output port. These relays are made ON and OFF as per the commands
received by the user from the keyboard and the limit switches.
WHAT IS AUTOMATED CAR PARKING? :Automated car parking is a method of automatically
parking and retrieving cars that typically uses a system of pallets, lifts and
carries.
By parking cars in the way, the floor area and volume of
garage can be used much more efficiently. The intention is to compact more
cars in the same space, reduce the space needed to park the same no of cars,
or allow car parking car parking where previously there would have been no
room. Automated car parks can be sited above or bellow ground or a
combination of both, and designed to accommodate any no of cars.
Automated parking will make a huge difference in urban
planning and in designing developments of the future.
HOW IS THE CAR PARKED? :The process of parking is simple for the driver. The car
is parked in a module at the entrance to the car park.

It is then

automatically moved through the garage and stored in a parking space.

Depending on the type of automated system, this is done by a computerized

system of pallets, lifts, carriers, and in the case of the sky packs robotic
parking system, robots.
The car is returned to the driver in the same way, using a
signaling device in private parking, or a ticket and payment system in a
public car park. Retrieval time for a vehicle is rapid-an average of 2.5 min
depending on the type of automated car park and its size.
Scan Photo
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING
PUZZLING LOGIC:-

TRANS
RECEIVER

P1

P2

c
AT89C51

PULL UP
REGUSTER

P3

PULL UP
REGISTER

TRANS
RECEIVER

4
P4

P5

KEYBOARD

RELAY
BOARD

RELAY
DRIVER

PALLET SYSTEM
Lift Moving
Motors
REGULATED
POWER
SUPPLY

Pallet No
Indicator

CHAPTER 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

The basic block diagram of the multilevel car parking

system is as shown; it consists of the following blocks:1.

POWER SUPPLY:The power supply block supplies the power required by

the micro controller, drivers and buffers and the relays for working. The
power supply requirements are mainly 5v and 12v micro controller and
relays and motor with 5v.
2.

MICRO-CONTROLLER & PERIPHERALS:The micro controller block is the heart of the system; it

controls working of the whole system and for the controlling the motion of
the pallets in the mechanical assembly.
The output form the micro controller block drivers the
relays on the relay board that ultimately drives the motors of the mechanical
assembly to move the pallets up and down.
3.

KEY-BOARD:The keyboard is used to enter the pallet numbers while

parking the car as well as while retrieving it back. The keyboard given input
to the micro controller block and according to the key pressed the micro
controller takes action.

4.

DRIVERS & BUFFERS:These are used to drive the relays on the relay board.

They are used basically to avoid false triggering and to get the reliable
output for driving the motors from relays.
5.

RELAY BOARD:The relay board consists of an array of relays, which are

used to drive the motors ON/OFF, used in the mechanical assembly. The
relays present on the relay board get their input from the micro controller
and accordingly get switches ON and OFF i.e. energized or de-energized.
6.

MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY:The mechanical assembly consists of the prototype model

of the car parking system fitted with pallets and motors driving them. The
assembly consists of gear and pulley arrangements for lifting the pallets on
which the cars can be parked. It also contains switches whose output is
given to the micro controller to confirm the status of the pallet on the
assembly.
7.

LIFTING MOVING MOTORS:Principle: - An electric motor is a machine which

converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Its action is based on the
principle that when a current carrying is placed in a magnetic field.
It experiences a mechanical force whose direction is
given by Flemings left-hand rule and whose magnetic field is given by
F=Bil.newton.

CHAPTER 3

CONTROL SYSTEM

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:The micro controller block is the heart of the system.

This controls the whole system, with controlling the movements of the pallet
in the mechanical assembly.
The ULN 2003 is used to increase the current gain
consisting of 7 Darlington pair in one IC which is connected to the output
port P0 of Atmel IC89C51. The port P0 is connected to ULN 2003 through
resistor bank consisting of pull up resistors.
The output of IC ULN 2003 is given to LED alarm,
which give indication of which key is pressed and which relay is energized
to have pallet movement under motor control.
The output of led alarm is connected to 10 relays, 2 for
each motor. As there are 5 pallets we have used on motor to control each
pallet. On mechanical assembly side there is a pallet system with gear
pulley assembly, motor & limit switches.
The limit switches which are fitted in the mechanical
assembly. These switches will sense whether the car is on the pallet is
present or not.
The logic high and low signals will be given to micro
controller as the input through 7 pins of port P1 and 3 pins of port P3. The
5 pins of port P3 are used to connect keyboard which will be used by user to
bring particular pallet down for parking his car.

POWER SUPPLY:-

Transformer

Rectifier

Filter

Regulator

Regulator o/p

230v
50Hz
Fig- Block Diagram of Power Supply
In this fig. transformer is used because they readily
available. The +/- 5 volt supply voltage are obtained form the 12.6 volt
center tapped (CT). The output of the secondary is then applied to the
bridge rectifiers, which converts the sinusoidal input into full wave rectified
output. The filter capacitor at the output of the bridge rectifier is charged to
the peak value of rectified output voltage whenever the diodes are forward
biased.
Since the diodes are not forward biased during entire
positive and negative half cycle of the input wave form, the voltage across
the filter capacitor is a pulsating DC that is a combination of DC and a triple
voltage.

Form the pulsating D SC voltage, a regulated DC voltage is

extracted by the regulator IC.

The 7805 is a +5v regulator, the 7905 is -5v regulator and
both can deliver output current in excess of 1.0A. They will hence perform
satisfactorily in the circuit by providing +/-5v. However, since the dropout
voltage (Vin-Vout) is 2 volt, the input voltage for the 7805 must be at least
+7 volt and that for the 7905 must be at least -7 volt. This means that the
rectified peak voltage must be greater than +7 volts and -7 volts, which in
turn implies that the secondary voltage must be larger than 14 v peak.

The voltage across the center tapped secondary is 12.6

volt rms, thus satisfies the minimum voltage requirement of 14-volts peak.
Also, the peak voltage between either of the secondary terminals and the
center tapped (Ground-terminal) is 6.3 (2) = 8.9v peak, which is less than
the maximum peak voltages of +14 volt and 14volt. For the 7805 and
7905 respectively.
Note that the voltages across the two halves of the center
tapped secondary are equal in magnitude but opposite in phase. During the
positive half cycle of the input voltage, diode D1 conducts and capacitor C1
chargers towards a negative peak value = -8.9v.
This means that the voltage across non-conducting
diode D2 and D4 is 12.6v rms, which implies that the peak voltage (PRV)
rating of the bridge rectifiers must be larger than 12.6v rms. The PRV rating
of the bridge rectifier diodes, also known as working inverse voltage (WIV),
is specified on the data sheets.
During the negative half cycle of the input waveform,
diodes D2 and D4 conduct and charge capacitors C1 and C3 towards the
peak voltage of 8.9 volt with indicated polarities.
Note, however, that the diode pair that conducts during
either the positive or negative half cycle does not do so for the entire half
cycle.

The diodes conduct only during the time when the anodes are

positive with respect to cathodes. In the other words, when the diodes are
forward biased, current pulses charge the capacitors.
Datasheets gives the maximum average rectified current
Io max that the diode can safely handled. In addition, when the power
supply is first turned on, the initial charging of the capacitor causes a large
transient current called the surge current to pass through the diodes. The

surge current Ifs flow only briefly and are therefore much lager than the
maximum average current Io max.
Finally the size of the filter capacitor depends on the
secondary current rating of the transformer. For the proper operation, the
regulators must be heat sinked in order to keep their temperature down. If a
regulator is metal package (TO-3 type), the approximate heat sinked is
mounted on the case of the package.
However, if the regulator is an epoxy package, silicon
grease may be used on the back of the package, and then the package can be
bolted to the chassis of the power supply cabinet with insulating hardware.
OPERATIONS:The mechanical assembly is consisting of 3 pallets up
and 2 pallets down leaving one place empty for puzzling. The cars are
parked automatically with belts pulleys systems. The plenty cars can be
parked in this fashion.
When a particular pallet key number is pressed by the car
holder, the signal goes to micro controller via transceiver. Before taking the
decision, it checks wheater route for the car which is accepted to come down
is free or not. And if not obstructing pallets are too cleared first. It searches
for the output to go high and thus energizing the particular relay. The relay
drives the motor in forward and reverse direction and also in up and down
motion.
Example: Upper layer consist of three pallets and lower
layer with two pallets, leaving one place empty I/f user has parked his car in
pallet one then he will press key P1 from key board which will be given to
micro controller through input port.

Thus the input also consists of signal from limit switch

form the mechanical assembly.

The conditions of limit switches are

according to initial condition. The limit switch is closed it will give logic
zero (0) else logic one (1).
The initial motor M5 will start to move pallet five to right
side R2 and will make R3 = 0 to closed limit switch and when the switch is
closed motor M4 will start to bring pallet P4 to R1 position which will
finally to given to pallet one and bring to down. The user will get the car out
when he will see the LED indications. Thus, RL1 is energized finally to
move motor M1 in forward directions.

CHAPTER 4

MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY

MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY:Mechanical assembly is nothing but a model of automatic

car parking system that decides actual system in a well defined way after
taking a look at model one can easily got a clear picture of the actual system.
Since we made this project to give the demonstration of
actual placement of component, an over view of its upper edge over the
usual face system. Huge building type system when come person clip the
TAC and get car parked so the lines and 5 pallet system.
The three pallet on the 1st floor limits check the vertical
motion and the pallet of 2nd floor have horizontal position. The pallet adjust

the position using the software and the pallet on which component is to be
placed come on the ground floor accordingly.
We have used 3 DC shunt motors (12V) for the vertical
motion of the pallet and2 for the horizontal motion of the pallets through the
gear and regarding the pallets arrangements on the ground floor gets their
horizontal motion through the rack and pinion arrangement.
The pallets have been supported with the help of in
extensive string which is capable of lifting up to 0.1kg of load. Each pallet
has been supported with help of way guided around iron boards by placing
them through the pallets at the 4 corner this help in avoiding the damaging
movement of pallet while moving vertically.
The main frame of the mechanical assembly is made up
square iron pipes. There is total of 3 columns that adjust the 3 pallets at the
1st floor level and two on the ground floor.
To control motion of the pallets and for their accurate
positing, we have used limit switch at the pallets platforms. They also
provide the feedback to the micro controller unit by signaling it by presence
or absence of cars in the pallets and accordingly software works and the
relay get the approximate signals form the micro controller.

Scan Photo

CHAPTER 5

POWER SUPPLY DESIGN

We have developed two power supplies:1.

+/-5 volt regulated power supply

2.

+/-12 volt regulated power supply

+5 volt regulated power supply is for CPU board only for

this power supply, 12-0-12 volt step down transformer is used.

The

transformer output is 12V at 230V AC.

We consider the +/- 20% variations in AC supply so that
our system should withstand variations in this supply.
Now,
1.

+10% of 230V = 253V &

2.

-10% of 230V = 207V

For 253V the secondary output will be = 13.2 V approximately.
For 207V the secondary output will be = 10.8V

In both condition the unregulated DC voltage that is the rectifier output

= 13.2 x 2 for 253V = 18.7V
= 10.8 x 2 for 207V = 15.2V
Both these voltages can be regulated with 7805
regulators. The only difference is that at higher side limit the potential drop
across the regulators is more hence the power dissipation is more.
Thus, the transformer design with the specifications 120-12 V is adequate. The rectified output of the power supply has AC ripple
mixed with the DC, which causes the regulated output variations, in order to
reduce this ripple capacitor filters are used. The operation of these types of
filters depends upon the fact that these types of filters use capacitors, which

store the charge during the conduction period, and delivers this energy to the
load during the non conduction period.
In this way the time during which the current flows
through the load increases and thus reducing the ripple. During the positive
half cycle the, capacitor charges to the voltage = Vp = the peak voltage of
the transformer secondary voltage, however during the negative half cycle,
when the diode does not conduct the capacitor will maintain its voltage,
since no path is available for its discharge. Thus, the capacitor acts as a
perfect filter.

After this the input is given to the 3-pin regulator that

regulates it to its adequate value.

Circuit Diagram
CHAPTER 6

TYPES OF MOTORS, SPECIFICAIONS

AND APPLICATIONS
Types of motor
Characteristics
Shunt Motor Approximately constant speed

Application
For driving constant speed line shafting

adjustable speed medium

latches centrifugal pumps, machine

starring torque

tools, blowers and tans reciprocating

Variable speed, adjustable

Pumps.
For traction work i.e. Electric

varying speed, high starting

locomotives rapid transit systems

Cumulative

Torque.
Variables speed, adjustable

Trolley cars etc. Gens and hoists.

For intermittent high torque loads, for

compounds

varying speed, high starting

shears and punches elevators,

Series Motor

Torque.

Conveyors, heavy planers, rolling mills.

CHAPTER 7

SYSTEM HARDWARE

SYSTEM HARDWARE:Our project is basically divided into the following main points:

Electrical Section

Mechanical section

These two major parts can be further subdivided into subparts.

ELECTRICAL SECTION CONSISTS OF:

Power Supply

CPU (89c51) i.e. Mother Board

Relay board

POWER SUPPLY:We have to develop two power supplies----1.

+5v regulated power supply

2.

+12v regulated power supply

5v & 12v dc for micro controller & relay and 5V for motor.

CPU (89C51):The micro controller is provided with trans-receivers and

pull-up resistors in order to avoid the tri-state logic situations. The input to
the CPU AT89C51 is from limit switches that will be fitted in mechanical
assembly & from the keyboard.

RELAY BOARD:The relay board is drive by the micro controller its

output port. These relays are made ON and OFF as per the commands
received by the user form the keyboard & the limit switches.

MECHANICAL SECTIONS CONSISTS OF:

Pallet System

Lift moving motors

Limit switches

Pallet system

PALLET SYSTEM:The pallet system consists of 5 pallets. The cars can be

moved in vertical and horizontal direction with the help of pallet. The pallet
will move up and down with the help of motors.

LIFT MOVING MOTORS:The micro controller takes input from keyboard and the

output from the micro controller block drives the relays on the relay board
that ultimately drives the motors of mechanical assembly to move pallets up
and down.

D.C. MOTOR PRINCIPLE:An electric motor is a machine which converts electric

energy into mechanical energy. Its action is based on the principle that when
a current carrying is placed in a magnetic field. It experiences a mechanical
force whose direction is given by Flemings left hand rule and whose
magnetic filed is given by F=Bil.newton.

LIMIT SWITCHES:It will be fitted in mechanical assembly. These switches

will sense whether the car is on the pallet is present or not.

CHAPTER 8

SPECIFICATIONS

Technical Specifications:Supply = 230V AC, +5V& 12V

Title = Automatic Car Parking using Puzzling Logic
Logic = Micro controller (89C51) based
Sensors = Limit switch
Motors = +12V
Capability = 5 cars in out case & can be extended.
System Specifications:A.

General Specification:1.

No. Of Pallets => 5

2.

Actuating System used => electro-mechanical

B.

Component Details:1.

2.
C.

Motor
a.

Power Rating +/- 5V

b.

RMP - 250

Pallet support : Pillars and rope

Mechanism Details:-

1.

No. of motors: 5

2.

Planes of movement : 4 Vertical, Horizontal, right, left

3.

Approximate retrieval time: 1 car

4.
D.

Control system : AT89C51

Electrical Specifications:-

1.

2.

Power Supply
a.

CPU board: 5V DC

b.

Relay Driver Circuit: -/+12 V DC

c.

Motor: -/+ 5V

Relays:
a.

Voltage & current rating : 12 V DC, 1A

b.

Resistance : 258

CHAPTER 9

TROUBLE SHOOTING &

TEST POINTS

TROUBLE SHOOTING:Check list for electronic fault finding or where and how
to look for what that doesnt
Before soldering in components:

Check that the components agree with the part list (Value & power of
power resistors, value advantages rating of capacitors, etc)

If there is a significant time lapse between last reading an article and

building the circuit, take the trouble to re read the article the
information is often given in very condensed form. Try to get the

most important points out of the description of the operation of the

exactly what is supposed to happen.

Only used good quality IC sockets.

Check the continuity of the traces on the printed circuit board with a
resistance meter or continuity tester.

Check that the connectors used are compatible and that they are
mounted the right way round.

After mounting the components:

Inspect all solder joints by eye or using a magnifying glass and check
them with the continuity tester. Make sure short circuited be poor
soldering.

Ensure that the positions of all the components agree with the
mounting diagram.

Ensure that the supply transformer is located as closely as possible to

the circuits. Check that a pin, plugs or other connectors used are
making good contact.

Check that all Polarized components (diode, capacitors, etc.) are

fitted correctly.

And if it breaks down:

Recheck everything suggested so far.

Reread the article carefully and clarify anything about which are
doubtful.

Check the supply voltage or voltages carefully and make sure that
they reach the appropriate components especially the pins of the ICs.

If possible check the operation of the circuit in separate

stages. As a general rule, follow the course of the signal.
TEST POINTS:1)

For limit switches: - Voltages at limit switches with respect to

ground and input i.e. for ON state 0V and for OFF state 5V.

2)

For IC AT89C51: - Voltage at pin no. 20 is 0V & at pin no. 40 is

+ 5V.

3)

For Motor: If voltage at U1 is 0V & voltage at D1 is 5V after

pressing key no. 1 on keyboard, we get +5V supply at M1 and
vice versa. And same for all motors.

4)

For Relay: - According to the position of key form keyboard

and limit switches the relay will be ON and OFF.
CHAPTER 10

ADVANTAGES AND
LIMITATIONS
ADVANTAGES:Increasing pressure on building development within our
cities through lack of space, coupled with stringent environmental impact
considerations raises an important question for commercial and government
developers alike: where to put the cars?
In many cities, limited space means that construction of a
conventional multi-store underground car park, or dedication of a
sufficiently large amount of space above ground for parking is simply out of
the question.

Added to this are the expenses involved in building such

structures, providing lighting, security, appropriate emission control and
suitable ventilation, and ever increasing concerns over parking cars in
crowded spaces.
At the same time, buildings are difficult to sell or lease
with limited or no car parking: Many new developments demand transport
planning and car parking must be key consideration. Automated car parking
tackles many of these problems, offering a space efficient, cost effective and
environmentally sound solution. The key benefits:

Increased rent able areas

Minimal structural changes to exiting buildings

Lower construction costs

Driver friendly parking

Low maintenance operation

Reduced environment impact

INCREASED RENTABLE AREAS:One of the major outcomes of automated car parking is

the ability to provide parking with a rented/saleable property.
Firstly, the use of the automated car parking system frees
up room so that it is possible to add additional rooms, units or officers into
the building development.
Secondly, there is added retail advantage to being able to
rent or sell the property with its own car parking. This in turn maximizes the
owners return on their investment.

MINIMAL STRUCTURAL CHANGE TO EXISTING BUILDINGS:A significant benefit resulting from the installation of
automated car parking is that by utilizing one of the many systems available,
little or no structural changes need to be made to existing building.
Automated

parking

system

also

integrates

well

historically classified buildings without major changes to the faade. Many

older building with high ceiling and/or basements are inaccessible to cars,
bubby using some of the varieties of automated parking systems, parking
spaces can be created and/or increased.
Automated car parking also allows for flexible use of
land space, requiring in many cases only one third of the building foot print
required by conventional parking stations. The flexibility allows for more
creative solutions to car parking, such as submerged garaging in water
adjacent to a development site or the conversion of old historic sites into
parking facilities.
LOWER CONSTRUCITON COSTS:Automated car parking solutions are cost effective in
turns of construction cost. Automated car parking is delivered to site as pre
fabricated components, which are assembled on site.

Cladding can be

specifically selected to match the environment in to which it is being placed.

Excavation costs are kept to a minimum, as are material
cost. There is little waste space, there is less lighting and power required
and less noise nuisance to insulate against. Vehicle emissions are also
restricted so there are fewer requirements for emission control structures to
be built in to a building design.

DRIVER FRIENDLY PARKING:The ability to make the drive/park process an easier and
less stressful one must also be considered a significant benefit for automated
car parking. Automated car parks reduce:
1)

Traveling time and there fore car exhaust emissions.

2)

Driver frustration they know longer have to remember where

the car was parked, do not have to drive through the entire
station looking for a place to park or the exit point and there is
no difficulty parking in a tight corner.

3)

Point of possible attack for the driver, as they go directly to a

vehicle pick a point rather than having to travel through the
entire car park.

4)

The publics access to the car park as the public are not
permitted inside the system.

5)

Threats of theft because the vehicle and its contains are secure
inside the car park.

Access is only available to correctly

identified card holders.

6)

No dents to cars from opening doors in restricted space or

broken light causes by others drivers.
Automated car parking solutions are also ideal for drivers

with mobility problems or special needs: every space is suitable for any to
park in.
LOW MAINTENANCE OPERATION:Operating cost is low since automated car parking
requires less energy to run. There is no need for energy intensive ventilating
system as the cars are not being driven inside the facility.

The relatively simple yet highly reliable technology is

manufactured to high tolerance and has few moving parts so that
maintenance costs are low. Equipment depreciation rates are however much
higher.
REDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS:Environmentally automated car parking has much to
offer in any city.
One of its greatest benefits relative to conventional
underground or open space parking is the saving of ground space, which
makes way for the greening of the inner city.
VISUAL APPEAL:Very simply, we dont have to look at all the cars parked
outside. Drivers do not have to be present to have there car parked and
attendants are not required to do son either.
Out door space, saved by automated car parking can then
be put to good use gardens landscaping a additional buildings if required.
EMISSIONS:Automated car parks significantly reduce noise, oil and
other pollutants. Emission for vehicle can be trapped and siphoned off for
treatment rather than being disturbed around larger areas.
Noise is kept to a minimum because cars are not moving
up and down ramps, slamming on brakes and squealing tires on slippery
surfaces.

Because there is no pedestrian access to car stackers,

there is also less resultant people noise. With no car movement inside the
automated car park, there is also no need to plan for expensive ventilation
systems.

LIMITATIONS:

It requires high installation cost.

If in any case, gear assembly fails or wrong movement of motor

then pallet will clash with each other.

Maintenance required.

It is only suitable for large cities as it is not economically

feasible venture in small cities.

In Automatic car parking using puzzling logic, one car can be

parked at a time hence to park more cars at a time, waiting time
will be more.

It requires protection against check & vibration.

CHAPTER 11

APPLICATIONS

The main applications of may project is in the field of

material handling, in the process industry, using the same logic as we have

used various material used in the industry can be placed at desired location
with minimum human intervention this ensure that the material is not
damaged and also the hazardous material can also be handled easily.

Scan Photo
CHAPTER 12

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

The idea presented by us in our project is not the final

one. There are many enhancements:
I)

System works in 2D-mode with vertical, horizontal, left and right

movement of pallets which can be enhanced with 3-D mode with
present system and forward and backward movement in addition.

II)

The present system works on the keyboard from which we have to

enter the pallet no & according to which the particular pallet is
brought down.

III)

The modified system can include an optical card, which may have
the information like the assigned pallet no and can be read by the
sensor at the top of the pallet. The car will then be lifted to the
assigned no automatically without the need of the driver to punch
in the number.
The waiting time can also be reduced by calculating time

taken by the pallet to move sideways and downwards. So that both the

movements of two pallets can be co-ordinate and thus the time for empty
pallet to reach the user is reduced.
Scan Photo
*************