1 (a) Diagram 1.

1 shows the set up of the apparatus used in an

experiment to determine the freezing point of substance X.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen untuk
menentukan takat beku bahan X.


Diagram 1.1

(i) Name one example of substance X.
Namakan satu contoh bahan X.


[1 mark]
(ii) Why is the boiling tube must be placed in a conical flask?
Mengapakah tabung didih mesti diletakkan di dalam kelalang kon?


[1 mark]

(iii) Why is the substance X must be stirred continously during cooling
process?
Mengapakah bahan X harus dikacau secara berterusan semasa
proses penyejukan?


[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows a graph of temperature against time when
substance X is cooled.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila bahan X disejukkan.


Diagram 1.2
(i) What is the freezing point of substance X?
Berapakah takat beku bahan X?


[1 mark]
Thermometer
Termometer


Boiling tube
Tabung didih


Substance X
Bahan X


Conical flask
Kelalang kon


Time/min
Masa /min


Temperature /
o
C
Suhu /
o
C

90



80


60


A

B

C


(ii) State the physical state of substance X at point B.
Nyatakan keadaan fizikal bahan X pada titik B.


[1 mark]
(iii) Compare the kinetic energy of particles at points A and B.
Bandingkan tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah pada titik A dan B.


[1 mark]
(iv) Why does the temperature remains constant at point B?
Mengapakah suhu malar pada titik B?




[1 mark]

(v) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance X at 60
o
C and 90
o
C.
Lukiskan susunan zarah-zarah bahan X pada suhu 60
o
C dan 90
o
C.









60
o
C 90
o
C

[2 marks]

2.
Atom Proton
number
Nucleon number
W
X
Y

6
6
7

12
14
14

Table 1
Table 1 shows the proton number and nucleon number of atoms W, X,and Y .

(a) (i) What is meant by proton number ?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton ?
.
(1 mark)



(ii) What is the number of neutron in atom W ?
Apakah bilangan neutron dalam atom W ?

...................
(1 mark)
(b) (i) What is an isotope?
Apakah isotop ?

.
(1 mark)
(ii) Which atoms are isotopes ? Explain why ?
Atom-atom yang manakah adalah isotop ? Jelaskan mengapa ?

..
(2 marks)
(c) X is a C-14 isotope. Give one use of X in the field of archeology.
X adalah isotop C-14 . Berikan satu kegunaan X dalam bidang arkeologi.


(1 mark)
(d) Write the electron arrangement of an atom X.
Tuliskan susunan elektron atom X.

.
(1 mark)
(e) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom Y.
Lukiskan susunan elektron atom Y.





(1 mark)
(ii) What is the number of valence electron of atom Y ?
Apakah bilangan elektron valens bagi atom Y ?

.
(1 mark)
(f) Write the symbol of atom X in the form of X
A
Z


Tuliskan simbol bagi atom X dalam bentuk X
A
Z
.


(1 mark)






1 Diagram 1 shows the cooling curve of liquid acetamide.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan graf penyejukan cecair asetamida.























DIAGRAM 1

(a) What type of particles in acetamide?
Apakah jenis zarah dalam asetamida?


[1 mark]

(b) What is the time when acetamide start to freeze?
Apakah masa apabila asetamida mula membeku?

...
[1 mark]

(c) State the freezing point of acetamide.
Nyatakan takat beku bagi asetamida.


[1 mark]

(d) Why the temperature of acetamide a keep unchanged from t
1
to t
2
?
Mengapa suhu asetamida tidak berubah dari t
1
hingga t
2
?




[2 marks]


Time / min
Masa / min
Temperature / C
Suhu / C
T
t
1
t
2

A
B
C
0
t
3

(e) Draw the particles arrangement of acetamide at point A and C in the space given.
Lukiskan susunan zarah bagi asetamida pada titik A dan C di ruangan
yang disediakan.








[2 marks]

(f) State the physical state of acetamide at period:
Nyatakan keadaan fizik asetamida pada masa:

(i) 0 to t
1
:

(ii) t
2
to t
3
:

[2 marks]

(g) The acetamide at point C is heated with direct flame and the physical state of acetamide
change to gas. Name the process occur.
Asetamida pata titik C dipanaskan secara terus dan keadaan fizik
asetamida berubah kepada gas. Namakan proses yang berlaku.


[1 mark]


2. Table 1 shows the proton numbers and nucleon numbers for five atoms A, B, C, D and E. Use the
information given in the table to answer the questions.
Atom Proton number Nucleon number
A 10 21
B 15 32
C 16 32
D 35 79
E 35 81
Table 1
(a) (i) Represent atom B in the form of the atomic symbol X
A
Z
.
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the electron arrangement for atom B.
..
[1 mark]


Point A
Titik A
Point C
Titik C
(b) (i) Write the relationship between the proton number and the nucleon number in an atom.
..
[1 mark]
(ii) State the number of neutrons in an atom of A.
..
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State the definition of isotopes?
..
..
[1 mark]
(ii) From Table 1, choose the atoms which are isotopes.
..
[1 mark]
(d) Based on Table 1, determine the number of valence electrons for atom C?
.....
[1 mark]