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13 Sound
wavelengths wide.
Practice 13.1 (p. 193)
1 B (b) Diffraction is a property of sound
By v = fλ , waves. Since the width of the doorway
340 is comparable to the wavelength of the
λ = = 0.113 m
3000 sound waves, waves bend around the
Since the separation of the loudspeakers doorway when they pass through it.
should be of a few wavelengths, 0.3 m is the 6 (a) By v = fλ ,
most appropriate separation. f 340
λ = = = 0.34 m
2 A λ 1000
3 C The two loudspeakers are 1 m apart.
4 (a) 1.0
= 2.94 wavelengths
0.34
Therefore, they are 2.94 wavelengths
apart.
(b) If the two loudspeakers are 0.5 m apart,
the loud sounds in the interference
pattern become more widely spaced.
7 If the frequency of the speakers were
lowered, the wavelength of the waves
increases. The nodal and antinodal lines of
the interference pattern decrease in number
and are more widely spaced. Therefore, the
(b) Since low frequency noise has longer points C and D move farther apart.
wavelength, it bends more when passing
the barrier. Hence, flats in the shadow Practice 13.2 (p. 204)
of the barrier are still affected by the 1 B
low frequency noise and barrier is not 2 D
effective to shield the building from 3 B
such noise. 4 C
5 (a) By v = fλ , Let a be the distance between the boy and
v 340
λ = = = 0.68 m cliff A and b be the distance between the boy
f 500
and cliff B.
1. 5
= 2.21 wavelengths The first echo is heard at t = 0.8 s.
0.68
s = vt
The doorway of 1.5 m is 2.21
2a = 340 × 0.8
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 123 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
a = 136 m 5.88
=
6.67 ×10 −6
The second echo is heard at 0.88 s later. = 882 000 : 1
s = vt s s
9 – = 1.4
340 5000
2b = 340 × 0.88
s = 511 m
b = 149.6 m
The impact occurred at 511 m away.
Hence, distance between the cliffs
10 v = st = 340 × 2.5 = 850 m
= a + b = 286 m
The firework is 850 m from the audience
5 By v = fλ ,
v 340 when it explodes.
λ = = = 1.3 m
f 262 11 (a) By v = fλ ,
v 1500
Therefore, the wave compressions are 1.3 m λ = = = 0.01 m
f 150 ×1000
apart. The wave rarefactions are also 1.3 m
The wavelength of the ultrasonic waves
apart.
emitted is 0.01 m.
6 By v = fλ ,
v 5000 (b) A small wavelength results in a less
λ = = = 0.833 m
f 6000 degree of diffraction when the
The wavelength of the sound wave travelling ultrasonic waves encounter any
along the iron rod is 0.833 m. obstacles. Therefore, ultrasound can be
1.5 used to detect the specific targets more
7 s = v × t = 333 × = 249.75 m
2 accurately.
The length of the lake is 249.75 m. 0.1
(c) s = vt = 1500 × = 75 m
8 (a) (i) By s = vt, 2
s The shoal of fish is 75 m below the ship.
t=
v 0.2
12 s = vt = 340 × = 34 m
2000 2
= = 5.88 s
340 The distance between the bat and the bird is
The time taken to hear the bang is 34 m.
5.88 s. 13 The time period between wing beats
(ii) By s = vt, 1
=
s 600
t=
v =1.667 × 10–3 s
2000 s = vt
= = 6.67 × 10–6 s
3 ×10 8 = 340 × 1.667 × 10–3
The time taken to see the flash = 0.567 m
from the cannon is 6.67 × 10–6 s. The sound waves travel 0.567 m between
(b) From (a)(i) and (a)(ii), the ratio of the wing beats.
times
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 124 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
s
14 v=
t
5.0
= = 333 m s–1
0.015
The speed of sound is 333 m s–1.
15 (a) By v = fλ ,
v
f=
λ
340
=
1.33
= 255.6 Hz
v = fλ (c)
= 255.6 × 5.47
= 1400 m s–1
The speed of sound in the medium is
1400 m s–1.
(b) This phenomenon is called refraction.
4 (a)
1
5 (a) T =
f
1
(b) = = 3.83 × 10–3 s
261
The period of one vibration of this tone
is 3.83× 10–3 s.
(b) By v = fλ ,
v
λ =
f
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 125 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 126 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
and compression travels through Then hear the sounds travelling through
the air and the flame follows the first the rail and then the air. (1A)
motion of air. (1A) s
(b) t =
(For effective communication.) v
10 000
(1C) =
340
(ii) By v = fλ , (1M)
v = 29.4 s (1A)
λ = s
f t=
340 v
= 10 000
400 =
4000
= 0.85 m (1A)
= 2.5 s (1A)
The wavelength of the sound is
0.85 m.
(b) Any two of the following reasons:
The time difference
(2 × 1A)
= 29.4 s – 2.5 s = 26.9 s (1A)
The frequency of the signal generator is
Therefore, when compared with those
out of the audible range.
soldiers standing up and listening, the
The amplitude of sound is too small.
soldier can detect the enemy earlier by
There is a vacuum in the box.
26.9 s.
4 (a) The frequency range of sound given by
6 (HKCEE 2003 Paper I Q5)
hummingbirds is from 15 Hz to 80 Hz.
7 (HKCEE 2005 Paper I Q6)
(1A)
(b) By v = fλ , (1M)
v 340 Section B
λ = = = 22.7 m (1A) 8 (a) (i) S1Q = 8 2 +( 2 −0.5) 2 (1M)
f 15
The longest wavelength of the humming = 8.14 m (1A)
sound is 22.7 m. The distance S1Q is 8.14 m.
(ii) S2Q = 8 2 +( 2 +0.5) 2 (1M)
By v = fλ ,
v 340 = 8.38 m (1A)
λ = = = 4.25 m (1A)
f 80 The distance S2Q is 8.38 m.
The shortest wavelength of the (b) The path difference of Q
humming sound is 4.25 m. = S2Q – S1Q (1M)
(c) No, human cannot hear the whole range = 8.38 m – 8.14 m
of sound made by hummingbirds. (1A) = 0.24 m (1A)
This is because audible frequency (c) The path difference of Q = λ
ranges from 20 Hz to 20 kHz only. (1A) The wavelength of the sound emitted is
5 (a) Get a partner to hit a long iron rail from 0.24 m. (1A)
a distance. (1A)
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 127 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 128 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
= 2.22 × 10−3 s
1
f= (1M)
T
1
=
2.22 ×10 −3
= 450 Hz (1A)
By v = fλ , (1M)
v
λ =
f
(Correct amplitude.) (1A) 340
=
(Correct period.) (1A) 450
(b) The waveform of Michael’s voice has a = 0.756 m (1A)
larger amplitude. (1A) The wavelength of the sound is
The waveform of Michael’s voice 0.756 m.
shows a quality different from Julia’s.
(1A)
(c)
(ii)
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 129 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 130 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 131 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 132 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 133 Oxford University Press 2006