IP Gas Pipeline Project SEIA Report Summary

CONSULTANT:
ILF BERATENDE INGENIEURE GMBH

Werner-Eckert-Strasse 7, 81829 Munich Germany

NESPAK (PVT.) LIMITED
1-C, Block-N, Model Town Extension, Lahore 54700, Pakistan

CONSULTANTS REPRESENTATIVE:

ILF PAKISTAN (PVT.) LIMITED
11-B, Old FCC, off Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
B711-ILF-GEN-EN-REP-0002/V3.0-APV
IP- Gas Pipeline Project
Engineering and Project
Management Consultancy Services
SEIA REPORT
04.09.2012
BERATENDE
I NGENI EURE
CONSULTI NG
EN GI N EERS
I NGENI EURS
C O N S E I L S

ISGS Inter State Gas Systems (Pvt) Ltd.

IP- Gas Pipeline Project B711-ILF-GEN-EN-REP-0002/V3.0-APV
SEIA Report 04.09.2012
CONSULTANT ILF / NESPAK Page 2 of 518
B711-ILF-GEN-EN-REP-0002/V3.0-APV ILF 2012
Versioning

3.0 APV 04.09.2012 ISGS comments
Incorporated
Y.Kamran/A.
Hamza/K.Anas
Y.Kamran W.Kainz
2.0 AFD 16.08.2012 Approved for Detail Engg. Y.Kamran/A.
Hamza/K.Anas
Y.Kamran/T.
Stephan
W.Kainz
1.0 IFA 07.07.2012 Issued for Approval Y.Kamran/T.St
ephan
Y.Kamran/T.
Stephan
W.Kainz
Ver Status Date Issue, Modification Prepared Checked Approved

DETAILS OF CHANGES IN LAST REVISION (BEGINNING Status IFA)

2.0 AFD Review according to document comment Sheet No.B711-CS-GEN-EN-xx
1.0 IFA Review according to document comment Sheet No.B711-CS-0308
Ver Status Details of changes in last revision
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 22
1.1 Purpose of the Project 22
1.2 Purpose of the Document 22
1.3 Abbreviations 22
1.4 Referenced Document 26
1.5 Project Proponent 31
1.6 Size and Magnitude of the Project 31
1.7 Study Area 32
1.7.1 Corridor of Impact 33
1.8 Scope of the SEIA 33
1.9 Environmental Protection Philosophy 34
1.10 Methodology and Approach of the SEIA 36
1.11 Report Structure 37

2 POLICY, ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES 39
2.1 National Policy 39
2.2 Overview of Administrative Framework 39
2.2.1 Functions of Federal Agency 39
2.2.2 Functions of Provincial Agency 40
2.3 National and Regional Legislative Framework 40
2.3.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 40
2.3.2 EIA Review and Approval Process 41
2.3.3 National Environmental Standards 43
2.3.4 National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance 43
2.3.5 Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and
Management) Acts, Ordinances and Rules (Act, 1972) 44
2.3.6 Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972 44
2.3.7 Balochistan Wildlife Protection Act, 1974 44
2.3.8 Antiquities Act, 1975 44
2.3.9 The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994 44
2.3.10 Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001 45
2.3.11 Regulation of Mines and Oil Fields and Mineral Development Act, 1948 45
2.3.12 Forest Act, 1927 45
2.3.13 National Forest Policy, 2001 46
2.3.14 Petroleum Act 1934 46
2.3.15 Mineral Gas Safety Rules 1960 46
2.3.16 Mineral and Industrial Gases Safety Rules 2010 46
2.3.17 Factories Act, 1934 46
2.3.18 Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 47
2.3.19 Explosives Act, 1884 47
2.3.20 Sectoral Guidelines-Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 1997 47
2.4 Policies of International Conventions 48
2.4.1 Bonn Convention-The Convention on Conservation of Migratory
Species of Wild Animals, 1979 48
2.4.2 The Rio Declaration, 1992 49
2.4.3 Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR Convention), 1971 49
2.4.4 Basel Convention-Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1989 49
2.4.5 Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Flora
and Fauna (CITES)-1979 50
2.4.6 United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea-(UNLOS-1982) 50
2.5 Policies of International Financial Institutions 50
2.5.1 World Bank Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines 50
2.5.2 General Procedure for Environmental Approval-World Bank 52
2.5.3 Asian Development Bank Environmental and Social Assessment
Guidelines 54
2.5.4 General Procedure for Environmental Approval-ADB 55
2.6 Required Permits 55
2.6.1 Environmental Permit (NOC) 55
2.6.1.1 Public Consultation and Disclosure 57
2.6.2 National Parks and Protected Areas 57
2.6.2.1 Works Prohibited in Protected Areas 57
2.6.2.2 Procedure for obtaining permission in Sensitive and Critical
Areas 59
2.6.3 Procurement of Land Rights 60
2.6.3.1 Part-1 60
2.6.3.2 Part-2 60
2.6.3.3 Temporary Land 63
2.6.4 International Finance Institutions 65

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 67
3.1 General 67
3.2 Components of the Project 68
3.3 Pipeline 70
3.3.1 Design Factors 70
3.3.2 Line Pipe 70
3.3.3 Depth of Cover and Protective Measures 71
3.3.4 Pipeline Route 71
3.3.4.1 Start Point/Delivery Point 71
3.3.4.2 Route Description 71
3.3.5 Major Crossings 73
3.3.5.1 End Point 74
3.3.6 Profile 74
3.4 Compressor Stations 74
3.4.1 Operating Temperature 74
3.4.2 Compressor Station Layout 74
3.4.3 Facilities Requirements 75
3.4.4 Compressor Station Buildings 76
3.4.5 Power Generation 77
3.4.6 Electrical Installations 77
3.4.7 Compression Station Operation 78
3.4.8 Pipeline Operation and Control 78
3.4.9 Compressor Station 1 (CS1) 79
3.5 Pigging Stations 80
3.6 Block Valve Stations 80
3.7 Project Description Construction 82
3.7.1 Pipeline General construction method 82
3.7.1.1 Pipeline Construction Sequence 83
3.7.1.2 Spread Technique 83
3.7.2 IP-Specific Construction Methods 84
3.7.2.1 Lot A 84
3.7.2.2 Lot B 85
3.7.2.3 Lot C 87
3.7.3 Organization and Sizes of Pipeline Spreads 90
3.8 Compressor StationsDescription of Construction Works 91
3.8.1 Site Installation 91
3.8.2 Reinforced Concrete Works in the Station Area 92
3.8.3 Construction Sites 92
3.8.3.1 Machinery 93
3.8.3.2 Workers 93
3.8.4 Wastewater System 93
3.8.4.1 Sanitary Sewer System 93
3.8.4.2 Partially Oil-Contaminated Wastewater 94
3.8.5 Station Piping, Station Cabling 94
3.8.6 Station Elevation 94
3.8.7 Station Roads 95
3.9 Construction Camps and Dumping Sites 95
3.10 Alternatives 97
3.10.1 No-Project Option 97
3.10.2 Previous Corridors and Current Route Selection 100
3.11 Route Alternatives (Inside COI) 103
3.11.1 Miski Area 103
3.11.2 Hingol National Park 104
3.11.2.1 Alt-362 a & b 105
3.11.2.2 Alt-378 106
3.11.2.3 Alt-427 108
3.11.3 Kirthar Ranges, Andhar Anticline (2nd Ridge) 109
3.11.4 By-pass Kirthar National Park 111
3.11.5 Indus River Crossing 115
3.11.5.1 Crossing scenarios 116
3.11.5.2 Crossing Construction Methods 117
3.11.5.3 Evaluation 117
3.12 Compressor Station Location Alternatives 119
3.12.1 Initial Selection of the CSs 119
3.12.1.1 Criteria for CS Location 119
3.12.2 Compressor Station-1 119
3.12.2.1 Compressor Station-2 121
3.12.2.2 Compressor Station-3 122
3.13 Compressor Station Water Supply Alternatives 125

4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS 128
4.1 General 128
4.2 Main Features of the Segments 128
4.3 Physical Environment 131
4.3.1 Topography, Geology faults and Soils 131
4.3.1.1 Segment 1- RD 0 to 180 131
4.3.1.2 Segment 2 - RD 180 to 240 131
4.3.1.3 Segment 3 - RD 240 to RD 300 131
4.3.1.4 Segment 4 - RD 300 to 380 132
4.3.1.5 Segment 5 - RD 380 to 475 132
4.3.1.6 Segment 6 - RD 475 to RD 560 132
4.3.1.7 Segment 7- RD 560 to RD 722 133
4.3.1.8 Segment 8 - RD 722 to 732 133
4.3.1.9 Segment 9 - RD732 to 780 133
4.3.2 Sesmotectonic Zones 133
4.3.3 Water Resources 136
4.3.3.1 Segment 1 (RD 0 to 180) 138
4.3.3.2 Segment 2 (RD 180 to 240) 142
4.3.3.3 Segment 3 (RD 240 to 300) 146
4.3.3.4 Segment 4 (RD 300 to 380) 149
4.3.3.5 Segment 5 (RD 380 to RD 475) 152
4.3.3.6 Segment 6 (RD 475 to RD 560) 155
4.3.3.7 Segment 7 (RD 560 to RD722) 159
4.3.3.8 Segment 8 (RD 722 to RD 732) 163
4.3.3.9 Segment 9 (RD 732 to 780) 167
4.3.4 Climate 170
4.3.4.1 Segment 1 (RD 0 to RD 180) 171
4.3.4.2 Segment 2 (RD 180 to RD 240) 173
4.3.4.3 Segment 3 (RD 240 to RD 300) 174
4.3.4.4 Segment 4 (RD 300 to RD 380) 176
4.3.4.5 Segment 5 (RD 380 to RD 475) 176
4.3.4.6 Segment 6 (RD 475 to RD 560) 177
4.3.4.7 Segment 7 (RD 560 to RD 722) 177
4.3.4.8 Segment 8 (RD 722 to RD 732) 179
4.3.4.9 Segment 9 (RD 732 to RD 780) 181
4.4 Ecological Environment 182
4.4.1 Flora 182
4.4.1.1 Segment 1 RD 0 to 180 183
4.4.1.2 Segment 2 RD 180 to 240 184
4.4.1.3 Segment 3 RD 240 to 300 184
4.4.1.4 Segment 4 RD 300 to 380 185
4.4.1.5 Segment 5 RD 380 to 475 185
4.4.1.6 Segment 6 RD 475 to 560 185
4.4.1.7 Segment 7 RD 560 to 722 186
4.4.1.8 Segment 8 RD 722 to 732 187
4.4.1.9 Segment 9 RD 732 to 780 187
4.4.2 Fauna 188
4.4.2.1 Segment 1 RD 0 to 180 190
4.4.2.2 Segment 2 RD180 to 240 191
4.4.2.3 Segment 3 RD 240 to 300 191
4.4.2.4 Segment 4 RD 300 to 380 192
4.4.2.5 Segment 5 RD 380 to 475 193
4.4.2.6 Segment 6 RD 475 to 560 194
4.4.2.7 Segment 7 RD 560 to 720 194
4.4.2.8 Segment 8 RD 722 to 732 195
4.4.2.9 Segment 9 RD 732 to 780 197
4.4.3 National Parks 198
4.4.3.1 Hingol National Park 198
4.4.3.2 Kirthar National Park 207
4.4.4 Wildlife Sanctuaries and Game Reserve 209
4.4.4.1 Buzi Makola 209
4.4.4.2 Dureji Game Reserve 209
4.4.5 Protected or Reserve Forests 211
4.4.5.1 Amri Reserved Forest 212
4.4.5.2 Nasri Reserved Forest 212
4.4.6 Aquatic Ecology 212
4.4.6.1 Dasht River 213
4.4.6.2 Jiwani Coastal Wetlands 213
4.4.6.3 Kalmat Khor Wetland 214
4.4.6.4 Ormara Beaches 215
4.4.6.5 Hingol River 216
4.4.6.6 Miani Hor 216
4.4.6.7 Indus River Dolphin 218
4.5 Socio- economic Situation 219
4.5.1 Survey Approach 219
4.5.2 Political and Administrative Settings 220
4.5.3 Settlement Pattern 221
4.5.4 Ethnicity/ Caste Groups 221
4.5.5 General Socioeconomic Conditions along the Project Alignment 223
4.5.6 No. of Villages along the Project Alignment 223
4.5.7 Major Occupations 224
4.5.8 Availability of Basic Infrastructure 225
4.5.9 Decision Making Methods Adopted in the Villages 225
4.5.10 Existence of Associations 226
4.5.11 Potential Development for Minerals 227
4.5.12 Tourism 227
4.5.12.1 Jiwani Coastal Wetland 227
4.5.12.2 Gwadar City 228
4.5.12.3 Ormara Beach 228
4.5.12.4 Hingol National Park 228
4.5.12.5 Kund Malir 229
4.5.12.6 Kirthar National Park 229
4.5.13 Archaeological and Cultural Heritage 229
4.5.14 Socioeconomic Profile of the PAPs 230
4.5.14.1 Family Size 230
4.5.14.2 Gender Composition 230
4.5.14.3 Literacy Status 231
4.5.14.4 Major Occupations of the Sample Households 231
4.5.14.5 Status of Agriculture 232
4.5.14.6 Household Income and Well-being 234
4.5.14.7 Access to Social Amenities 237
4.5.14.8 Livestock 237
4.5.15 Gender Analysis and Issues 238
4.5.16 Project Affected Structures 240
4.5.16.1 Categories of the Affected Households 240
4.5.16.2 Affected Buildings/Structures 240
4.5.16.3 Affected Community/ Private Structures 241
4.5.16.4 Public Infrastructure 242
4.5.17 Inventory of Trees 244
4.5.18 Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan 246

5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES 247
5.1 Analysis-Methodology 247
5.2 Pipeline Route Segments 248
5.3 Beneficial Impacts 248
5.3.1 Beneficial Socio-Economic Impacts: 250
5.4 Design Phase 252
5.4.1 Impacts and Mitigation 252
5.4.1.1 Rivers and Stream Crossings 253
5.4.1.2 Major Road/Railway Crossings 254
5.4.1.3 Compressor Stations-Noise and Air Emissions 255
5.4.1.4 Ground and Surface Water Availability 256
5.4.1.5 Logistics 257
5.4.1.6 Faults 258
5.4.1.7 Pipeline Security 259
5.4.1.8 Erosion and Landscape 261
5.4.1.9 Wastewater disposal for Camps and CSs and Safety of CSs 262
5.4.1.10 Route along Kirthar National Park and Dureji ildlife Area 263
5.4.1.11 Community Benefits and Compensation 264
5.5 Construction, Operation and Maintenance Stage 265
5.5.1 Construction-Segment 0-180 km 265
5.5.1.1 Physical Environment 265
5.5.1.2 Ecological Environment 274
5.5.2 Operation-Segment 0-180 km 277
5.5.5 Construction-Segments 240-300 km and 300-380 km 289
5.5.6 Operation-Segment 240-300 km and 300-380 km 295
5.5.8 Operational-Segment 380-475km 319
5.5.14 Operational-Segment 722-732 km 355
5.5.15 Construction- Segment 732-780 Km 357
5.5.16 Operation- Segment 732-780 Km 363
5.6 Social Impacts 368
5.6.1 Impact Analysis of Project during Construction stage 368
5.6.1.1 Social and Cultural Conditions 368
5.6.1.2 Disturbance of Physical Cultural Resources 370
5.6.1.3 Construction Camps and Temporary On-site Facilities 371
5.6.2 Impact Analysis of Project during Operation and Maintenance stage 375

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 378
6.1 General 378
6.2 Major Responsibilites and Uncertainities 379
6.2.1 EPC Contractor 379
6.2.2 Proponent-ISGS 384
6.2.3 Uncertainities 385
6.3 Structure of EMMP 388
6.4 Management Plan 388
6.4.1 Policy, Administrative Framework and Guidelines 388
6.4.1.1 National Policies 388
6.4.1.2 Overview of Administrative Framework 389
6.4.1.3 National Policies and Proclamations 389
6.4.1.4 International Protocols 390
6.4.1.5 EIA Review Procedure 391
6.4.1.6 Policies of International Financial Institutions 391
6.4.2 Institutional Arrangements 392
6.4.2.1 Proposed Setup 394
6.4.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities 398
6.5 Environmental Management Matrix 400
6.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan 436
6.6.1 General 436
6.6.2 Monitoring Strategy 436
6.6.3 On-Site Monitoring 449
6.7 Waste Management Plan 449
6.7.1 Introduction 449
6.7.2 Waste Management Policy 450
6.7.3 National and World Bank Waste Management Regulations 450
6.7.3.1 National Rules & Regulations 450
6.7.3.2 Institutions and Responsibilities 451
6.7.3.3 World Bank Rules & Regulation 452
6.7.4 Definitions of Different Types of Waste 453
6.7.4.1 Inert Waste 453
6.7.4.2 Domestic Waste 453
6.7.4.3 Industrial Waste 453
6.7.4.4 Liquid Industrial Waste 453
6.7.4.5 Hazardous Waste 453
6.7.5 Waste Stream Volume 455
6.7.5.1 Estimated Waste Stream during Construction Phase 455
6.7.5.2 Estimated Waste Stream during Operational Phase 456
6.7.6 Staff Training 457
6.7.7 Waste Disposal Plan 457
6.7.7.1 Construction Phase 458
6.7.7.2 Operational Phase 458
6.7.7.3 Construction and Operation Waste Disposal Methods 459
6.8 Health and Safety Plan 467
6.9 Restoration of Affected Sites 473
6.9.1 General 473
6.9.2 Major Restoration Activities 473
6.10 Measures for HIV and AIDS 474
6.11 External Inspection 475
6.12 National Parks Management Plans 475
6.12.1 Hingol National Park 475
6.12.2 Dureji Game Reserve 476
6.13 Participatory Consultation Framework 477
6.13.2 Project Background 478
6.13.3 Need for Community Involvement Program 478
6.13.4 Objectives 478
6.13.5 Hierarchy of Community Involvement Program 479
6.13.5.1 Informing 479
6.13.5.2 Consulting 479
6.13.5.3 Programme 482
6.14 Communication and Documentation (Monitoring Period) 485
6.14.1 Kick-off Meeting 485
6.14.2 Progress Meetings 485
6.14.3 Environmental Report 485
6.14.3.1 Daily Report 486
6.14.3.2 Quarterly Environmental Report 486
6.14.3.3 Annual Reports 486
6.14.4 Records 486
6.14.5 Change Record Register 487
6.14.6 Photographic Record 487
6.15 Plantation Plan for Compressor Stations 487
6.15.1 Compressor Station 487
6.15.2 Recommended Trees and Shrubs 489
6.15.3 Cost 490
6.16 Environmental Training Program 491
6.16.1 Training Strategy 491
6.16.2 Training Objectives 492
6.16.3 Training Material 493
6.16.4 Training Program 493
6.17 Accessibility Proposal 495
6.17.1 Description of Roads along the Pipeline 496
6.18 Community Benefit Program 498
6.18.2 Objectives 499
6.18.3 Need Assessment 499
6.18.3.1 Provision of Primary Schools 502
6.18.3.2 Provision of Health Units 502
6.18.3.3 Provision of Water Supply 503
6.18.3.4 Provision of Women Development Program 504
6.18.3.5 Provision of Micro financing 505
6.18.4 Cost of Community Benefit Program 506
6.19 Selection of Construction Camps and Dumping Site Location 507
6.20 Environmental Cost 507
6.21 Summary of Cost 511

7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 512
7.1 Conclusions 512
7.2 Recommendations-Next Steps 515

FIGURES

Figure 1.1: SEIA Process Flow Chart
Figure 1.2: Structure of SEIA Report
Figure 2.1: Pakistan Environmental Approval Procedure
Figure 2.2: World Bank EIA Process Flowchart
Figure 2.3: ADB EIA Process Flowchart
Figure 3.1: Pipeline System Flow Diagram
Figure 3.2: Profile of Pipeline Route
Figure 3.3: Layout Compressor Station 1(CS1)
Figure 3.4: General Layout of Combined Pigging and BV Station
Figure 3.5: General Layout of BV Station
Figure 3.6: Major Sources and Distribution of Energy Consumption in Pakistan, Obtained from
WAPDAs Web site under Energy Mix of Pakistan.
Figure 3.7: Overview Map of selected Coastal Boute Alternative B
Figure 3.8: Miski Area Alternative between 190km and 204km
Figure 3.9: Cliff Descent of Alt 362 before Split into a & b
Figure 3.10: Alternatives in Hingol National Park
Figure 3.11: Alt-427 at Hingol River
Figure 3.12: Narrow Crest Line at km 590.5
Figure 3.13: Alternatives and Preferred Route at KNP
Figure 3.14: Overview of the Indus River Crossing Location with Distinct Crossing Sections and
Proposed River Training Works
Figure 3.15: Indus River Crossing Methods-Evaluation results (I = favourable, II = neutral, III =
unfavourable)
Figure 3.16: Master Development Plan of the City of Gwadar
Figure 3.17: Alternative Sites for CS1
Figure 3.19: Picture of the Selected Location for CS2 (looking towards south)
Figure 3.21: Northern end of Site 1 for CS3, (looking towards south west)
Figure 3.22: Picture of Alternative Site 5 for CS3 (view from the road westwards)
Figure 4.1: Overview Map of Route Segments
Figure 4.2: Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan
Figure 4.3: Major Streams and Rivers of Pipeline Route
Figure 4.4: Locations of Metrological Stations
Figure 4.5: Potential Urial Habitat in the National Hingol Park
Figure 4.6: Potential Ibex Habitat in the National Hingol Park
Figure 4.7: Potential Chinkara Habitat in the National Hingol Park
Figure 4.8: Gender Composition of Sampled PAPs
Figure 4.9: Major Occupations of Sample PAPs
Figure 4.10: Average Cropping Intensity of Farms Located along the Project Alignment
Figure 4.11: Housing Conditions of Sample PAPs Sindh
Figure 5.1: Potential Chinkara Habitat in HNP
Figure 5.2: Potential Ibex Habitat in HNP
Figure 5.3: Potential Urial Habitat in Hingol National Park
Figure 6.1: Overview Map of Proposed Pipeline Route
Figure 6.2: Organizational Structure of ISGS
Figure 6.3: Proposed Institutional Structure-Construction Phase
Figure 6.4: Proposed Institutional Structure-Operational Phase
Figure 6.5: Hierarchy of Community Involvement Programme

TABLES

Table 1.1: Main Segments of Pipeline Route
Table 2.1: World Bank Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines
Table 2.2: ADB Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines
Table 2.3: Social and Environmental Impact AssessmentNOC Process
Table 2.4: Process for Obtaining Permission for Working in Sensitive and Critical Areas
Table 2.5: Permanent Land Acquisition Process
Table 3.1: Selected and Calculated Wall Thicknesses
Table 3.2: Major Water Coureses
Table 3.3: Construction Camps Details
Table 3.4: Dumping Sites Details
Table 3.5: No-Project Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 3.6: Qualitative Assessment of Alt-190
Table 3.7: Qualitative Assessment of Alternatives in Hingol Park
Table 3.8: Qualitative Assessment of Alternative Alt-427 at Hingol River
Table 3.10: Sindh Portion-RD 655 to RD 672 (17km)
Table 3.11: Balochistan Portion-RD 629 to RD 655 (26 km)
Table 3.12: Summarized Evaluation Results of Both Alternatives
Table 3.13: Comparative Assessment Matrix for Alternative Sites of CS3
Table 4.1: Gas Pipeline Route Segments
Table 4.2: Main features of segment
Table 4.3: List of Major Tectonic Zones
Table 4.4: Distribution of Seismic Zones
Table 4.5: Identified Groundwater Sources near the Pipeline
Table 4.6: Water Quality - Segment 1 (RD 0 to 180)
Table 4.7: Identified Groundwater Sources Near the Pipeline
Table 4.8: Water Quality in Segment 2 (RD 180 to 240)
Table 4.11: Identified Groundwater Wells
Table 4.12: Water Quality of Segment 4 (RD 300 to 380)
Table 4.18: Water Quality Test results for Segment 7 (RD 560 to 722)
Table 4.19: Secondary Data Test Results at Indus River
Table 4.21: Water Quality of Segment 9 (RD 732-780)
Table 4.22: Ambient Air and Noise Monitoring Locations
Table 4.23: Ambient Air and Noise Standards
Table 4.24: Details of Trees, Shrubs and Hurbs
Table 4.25: Endangered, Threatened and Vulnerable Floral and Faunal Species
Table 4.26: List of Birds in The Area
Table 4.27: List of Birds in The Segment
Table 4.28: List of Birds in Segement-8
Table 4.29: List of Birds in Segment 9
Table 4.30: Flora and Fauna, Noted or Reported in Buzi Makola Wildlife Sanctuary
Table 4.31: Migratory birds of Jiwani Coastal Wetland
Table 4.32: Major Caste Groups/Tribes Settled
Table 4.33: No of Villages (COI)
Table 4.34: Availability of Infrastructure in Villages
Table 4.35: Decision Making Methods Adopted in the Villages
Table 4.36: Existence of Village Associations
Table 4.37: Average Family Size of Sample Households
Table 4.38: Major Occupations of the Sample Households
Table 4.39: Farm Size Distribution of Sample Affected Households
Table 4.40: Average Size of Cropped and Cultivated Area
Table 4.41: Average Yields of Different Crops
Table 4.42: Average Household Income of Sample Households
Table 4.43: Average Annual Consumption Expenditure on Food and Non- Food Items
Table 4.44: Status of Ownership and Housing Conditions of Sample Households
Table 4.45: Extent of Credit Obtained and Utilization Pattern
Table 4.46: Access to Social Amenities
Table 4.47: Average No of Animals per household
Table 4.48: Women involvement in Different Activities
Table 4.49: Categories of the Affected Households
Table 4.50: Number of Affected Building/ Structures
Table 4.51: Number of Affected Community/ Private Structures
Table 4.52: Number of Affected Public Infrastructures
Table 4.53: No. of Affected Fruit Trees (Private)
Table 4.54: No. of Affected Wood/ Timber Trees (Private)
Table 4.55: No. of AffectedWood/Timber Trees Owned by Forest Department
Table 5.1: Criteria for Impact Assessment
Table 5.2: Criteria for Impact Evaluation
Table 5.3: Details of Segments
Table 5.4: List of proposed Gas off-take
Table 6.1: Roles and Responsibilities of EPC Contractor
Table 6.2: Roles and Responsibilities of ISGS
Table 6.3: Project Uncertainities
Table 6.4: Roles and Responsibilities
Table 6.5: Mitigation Management Matrix
Table 6.6: Recommended Monitoring Protocol
Table 6.7: Equipment for Water and Air Quality Monitoring
Table 6.8: Waste Stream During Construction Phase
Table 6.9: Waste Stream During Operational Phase
Table 6.10: Waste Handling Procedure
Table 6.11: Transportation & Disposal Records
Table 6.12: Characterization and Disposal of Major Wastes
Table 6.13: Concrete Waste
Table 6.14: Domestic Waste
Table 6.15: HDD Drilling Mud Waste (if applicable)
Table 6.16: Lube Oils Waste
Table 6.17: Oily Rags
Table 6.18: Sewage Solid Waste
Table 6.19: Steel & Metal Waste
Table 6.20: Water Waste (Hydrotest fluids)
Table 6.21: Excess Excavation Soil Solid Waste
Table 6.22: Packing Material Waste
Table 6.23: Recommended Studies
Table 6.24: Periodic Reports
Table 6.25: List of Large Trees
Table 6.26: List of Medium Sized Trees
Table 6.27: Planting and Maintenance Cost for 1st Year
Table 6.28: Planting and Maintenance Cost for 2nd Year
Table 6.29: Planting and Maintenance Cost for 3rd Year
Table 6.30: Planting and Maintenance Cost for 4th Year
Table 6.31: Training Program
Table 6.32: Summary of Main Access Roads for Transportation of Material
Table 6.33: Location Wise Requirements of the Selected Villages
Table 6.34: Provision of Primary Schools in the Project Area
Table 6.35: Provision of Health Facilities in the Project Area
Table 6.36: Provision of Water Supply in the Project Area
Table 6.37: Provision of Women Development Schemes
Table 6.38: Provision of Micro Financing in the Project Area
Table 6.39: Details of Estimated Cost for Community Benefit Program
Table 6.40: Environmental Management and Monitoring Cost
Table 6.41: Summary of Cost

ANNEXES

Annex-A Scope of SEIA
Annex-B NEQS - Wastewater
Annex-C NEQS - Air and Noise
Annex-D Overview map - Corridor of Impact and Compressor Station locations
Annex-E Environmental Constraints Map-Nos-94
Annex-F Location of Monitoring points for Water, Air and Noise along the Pipeline Route-
No-7
Annex-G Environmental Test Report
Annex-H Protected Area Maps-No-8
Annex-I Socio-economic Survey's Performas
Annex-J Land Owner's Database
Annex-K Inventory of Structure by PAP's
Annex-L Inventory of Community/Private Structures
Annex-M Inventory of Public Infrastructures
Annex-N Inventor of Trees
Annex-O Brief Information on Sensitive and Critical Habitat
Annex-P Checklist for Contractors Facilities
Annex-Q Site Restoration Plan Template
Annex-R Selected villages for Community Benefit Programs
Annex-S Tentative location of Camps and Dumping Sites
Annex-T Environmental monitoring points during Construction and Operational Phases of
the Project-No-14

PHOTOLOGS
1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
1.1 Purpose of the Project
Interstate Gas Systems Ltd. (ISGS) is developing and implementing the Iran-Pakistan
(IP) Gas Pipeline Project (Project). ISGS was established in 1996 as a private limited
company incorporated under the Companies Ordinance 1984 considering the proposal
for import of gas from Iran.
The objective of the Project is to install all required facilities such as pipeline, compressor
stations (CSs) and all other related equipment to transport 30MMcmd (1.0 bcfd) natural
gas imported from Iran to Pakistan.
The pipeline shall be constructed on-shore from the delivery point (Mile 250) at the
Pakistan-Iran border to the point at which the gas is injected into the national gas
transmission system in Pakistan (Shaheed Benazirabad).
ISGS has appointed the joint venture of ILF Beratende Ingenieure GmbH of Germany
and National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd. (NESPAK) as CONSULTANT to
render Engineering and Project Management Services for the Project.
1.2 Purpose of the Document
Purposes of this document are:
To prepare a comprehensive report and official documentation for the approval of
the Project by the Environmental Protection agencies of Pakistan.
To provide documentation to the financing banks/agencies to fulfil their requirements
with regards to environment protection.
1.3 Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
AP Affected People
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
BCC Backup Control Centre
BEPA Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BP Bank Procedures
BV Block Valve
BVS Block Valve Station
C/L Centre Line

CAPEX Capital Expenditure
CC Contractor Camp
CCC Central Control Centre
CITES Convention on International Trade of Endangered
Species of Flora and Fauna
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
COI Corridor of Impact
CS Compressor Station
DA Development Authority
DS Disposal System
E&RT Environment & Resettlement Team
EA Environmental Assessment
EC Electrical Conductivity
ECO Economic Corporation Organization
EDO Executive District Officer
EIA. Environmental Impact Assessment
EMC Environmental Monitoring Cell
EMP. Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPC Engineering Procurement and Construction
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization
FEED Front End Engineering Design
FOC Fibre Optic System
FSS Fire Safety System
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GIS Geographical Information System
GoB Government of Balochistan
GoP Government of Pakistan
GoS Government of Sindh
GW Ground Water
HAZID Hazard Identification Study
HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
HNP Hingol National Park
HSE Health Safety and the Environment
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning
IEC International Electrochemical Commission
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IFC International Financing Corporation
IP Iran-Pakistan
IPM Integrated Pest Management
ISGS Interstate Gas System
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
KNP Kirthar National Park
LA Landowner Association
LAA Land Acquisition Act
MCH Makran Coastal Highway
MoE Ministry of Environment
MRR Maternal Mortality Rates
MS Mini Spread
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MSWM Municipal Solid Waste Management
MW Mega Watt
NCS National Conservative Strategy
NEAP National Environmental Action Plan
NEP National Environmental Policy
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standard
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NIOC National Iranian Oil Company
NLC National Logistic Cooperation
NOC No-Objection Certificate
O&M Operation and Maintenance
OD Operational Directive
OGRA Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority
OIC Organization of Islamic Countries
OMS Operational Manual Statements
OP Operational Policy
OPEX Operational Expenditure
PCDP Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan
PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
PGA Probable Ground Acceleration
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PHS Public Health and Safety
PPE Personal Protection Equipment
PS Pigging Station
QER Quarterly Environmental Report
QRA Quality Risk Analysis
RA Risk Assessment
RCD Regional Cooperation for Development
RD Running Distance
RPF
Resettlement Policy Framework
RNR Renewable Natural Resources
ROBD Right Over Bank Drain
ROW Right of Way
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
S.R.O Statutory Notification
S/S Solidification And Stabilization
SAARC South Asian Atlantic Regional Corporation
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SCS Station Control System
SEIA Social and Environmental Impact Assessment
SEPA Sindh Environmental Protection Agency
SW Surface Water
TAPI Turkmenistan - Afghanistan - Pakistan - India
TCF Trillion Cubic Foot
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TMA Tehsil Municipal Administration
TMP Traffic Management Plan
TOR Terms of Reference
TSS Total Suspended Solids
TUCO Turbo Compressor
UC Union Council
UGS Under Ground Storage
UNLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea
UNO United Nations Organization
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
WAPDA Water And Power Development Authority
WASA Water and Sanitation Authority
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
WS Working Strip
WT Wall Thickness
WWF World Wide Fund

Definitions:
Project:
IP - Gas Pipeline Project
Engineering and Project Management
Consultancy Services
(Consultant Project Number B711)

Company: Inter State Gas Systems (Pvt) Ltd.
Consultant: The joint venture formed between ILF Beratende
Ingenieure GmbH, Germany and National Engineering
Services Pakistan (PVT) Limited (NESPAK)
Consultants
Representative:
ILF Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
1.4 Referenced Document
Numbers of documents were consulted during environmental assessment study.
Reference documents were selected during research review on internet and stakeholder
consultation. Previous studies completed for Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline Project (before
Iran-Pakistan-India Gas Pipeline Project) were reviewed. Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) studies conducted for other projects covering the relevant area,
environmental studies for pipeline projects or civil engineering projects undertaken in
ecologically sensitive environment were studied. Environmental law and standards were
also thoroughly examined under this study. The reference list given below contains all
the major documents reviewed during the environmental study for this project.
1. (1974). Balochistan Wildlife Protection Act.
2. (1994). The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act.
3. (2001). Provincial Local Government Ordinances.
4. (2010, september 5). Retrieved 2011, from
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/53699762/Natural-gas-knowledge-series-Laying-
Natural-Gas-Pipeline
5. (2011-2016). OI L AND GAS pipeline failure.
6. ADB. (2009). Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policy Statement.
7. Ahmad Khan. (2007). Preliminary Damage Assessment Report, Yemyin and
Gonu Cyclones, Makran Coastal Wetlands Complex. An assessment report
submitted to the Ministry of Environments Pakistan Wetlands Programme.
Islamabad: PWP The Ministry of Environments Pakistan Wetlands.
8. Ahmad, A. Kazi, M. Pastakia, F. (2007). Environmental Law Sindh.
9. Ahmed, N. (2004). wildlife of pakistan. Retrieved january 2012, from
http://www.wildlifeofpakistan.com/ProtectedAreasofPakistan/Hingol_NP.htm
10. Azhar Saeed, C. U. (2000). Bio-Diversity Action Plan (BAP) for Pakistan .
Government of pakistan.
11. Burdi, G. H. (2010). Water Parameter Report of Indus River from Manchar Lake
to Kotri Barrage. Hyderabad: EMU, SIDA Hyderabad.
12. Buzi Makola wildlife sanctuary. (n.d.). Retrieved january 3, 2012
13. Coffey. (2009). Environmental impacts and mitigation measures: upstream
facilities and onshore pipelines. PNG LNG project.
14. Coffey. (March 2010). strategic environmental management plan for shaw river
power station project. Adelaide: santos limited.
15. Donald Ballantyne. (2008). The shakeout scenario supplemental study Oil and
Gas pipeline. Tacoma WA: United States Geological Survey(Pasadena CA)
and California Geological Survey (Sacramento CA).
16. EPA. (2012, Feb 18). Retrieved 2012, from
http://www.epd.gov.hk/eia/register/report/eiareport/eia_0892003/eia_report/Rep
ort_Section8.htm
17. ERM Iberia S.A.,MEDGAZ, . (2004). 17.Environmental Impact Assessment of
MEDGAZ Natural Gas Transportation System.
18. Fayyaz Rasool, S.M Saifullah. (1996). Mangroves of kalmat khor Balochistan.
karachi: Department of Botany,university of karachi.
19. George Ledec and Juan David. Bolivia-Brazil Gaspipeline Project (GASBOL).
The World Bank.
20. Goodland. (2005). Oil and Gas Pipelines Social and Environmental Impact
Assessment state of Art.
21. Government of Balochistan (2005). Balochistan Conservation Strategy .
22. Hidrocarbonetos de Mocambique, Sasol Petrolum Sofala Limitada. (2006). 20.
Environmental Impact Assessment for Sasols Offshore Exploration Project in
Blocks 16 & 19.
23. ILF. (2011). GAP Analysis International Bankable Standards.
24. Intergovernmental treaty. (1971, january). The ramsar convention on wetlands.
Retrieved 2012, from http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-annolist-
annotated-ramsar-16123/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E16123_4000_0__
25. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Climate Report.
26. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). General Layout Block Valve Station.
27. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). General Layout Compressor Station CS1.
30. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). General Layout Pigging Station PS1.
31. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Alignment Sheets (km 0.0 km 599.2).
32. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Hydrology Report.
33. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Seismotectonic Overview Map (1:2,500,000).
34. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Fault Report.
35. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Geological/Geological Maps.
36. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Geo-Hazard Zoning Map.
37. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Overview Map (1:200,000).
38. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Route Maps (1:25,000).
39. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Main Stations Location Selection Report.
40. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Selection of Block Valve Station Locations.
41. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Indus River Crossing Report.
42. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). HSE Requirements for EPC Contractors, Iran-
Pakistan Pipeline Project.
43. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Logistic Study report, Iran-Pakistan Pipeline
Project.
44. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Main Stations Report, Iran-Pakistan pipeline
project.
45. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Operation and Maintenance Philosophy.
46. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Route Optimisation Report.
47. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Main Stations Location Report.
48. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). HSE Plan.
49. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). PSEIA Study, Iran-Pakistan Pipeline Project..
50. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Project Description-General.
51. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Hazard Identification Study.
52. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Public Consultation and Disclosure, Plan Iran-
Pakistan Pipeline Project.
53. IP-JV Consultant. (2011-2012). Intermediate SEIA Report for route
optimization.
54. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Resettlement Policy Framework.
55. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Intermediate Route Optimization Report.
56. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Preliminary SEIA Report.
57. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Route Selection Report, Iran-Pakistan Pipeline
Project..
58. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Security Study for Construction and Operation.
59. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Specification for HSE Management System,
Iran-Pakistan Pipeline Project.
60. IP-JV consultant. (2011-2012). Specification for Transportation, Handling and
Storage of Line Pipe Materials.
61. IP-JV consultant. Detailed Emergency and HSE Plan.
62. IP-JV Consultant. Pipeline Construction Methodology, Iran-Pakistan Pipeline
Project (B711-ILF-PLG-PL-SPC-0009).
63. IP-JV Consultant. Authority Permit Plan, Iran-Pakistan Pipeline Project.
64. IP-JV Consultant. Pipeline System Design Report, Iran-Pakistan Pipeline
Project.
65. J Kinyamario. (2011). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the
Construction and Operation of Natural Gas Pipeline from Dar es Salaam to
Tanga (Tanzania) and Mombasa (Kenya).
66. Junejo, S. A. (2007). Research Report on Indus water pollution. Indus Institute
For Research & Education.
67. National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)-Pakistan Environmental
Protection Act 1997
68. Melbourne, U. O. (2000). Baseline Environmental Study. Hawthorn Consulting
Group.
69. Michael R. Frisina,Ghulam Ali awan,Michael H. Woodford. (n.d.). Retrieved
from Dureji the wildlife of Pakistan:
http://wildlifeofpakistan.com/ResearchPapers/DUREJI03.pdf
70. Mineral and Industrial Gases Safety Rules 2010
71. Mineral Gas Safety Rules 1960-Pakistan
72. Minerals management services Gulf of Mexico OCS region. (2007). Gulf of
Mexico oil and gas pipeline installation impact and mitigation. US department of
interior mineral management services gulf of Mexico OCS region.
73. Ministry of Environment. (2009). Pakistan National Wetlands Policy. Final Draft
(2009). Islamabad: Government of Pakistan.
74. Mr. John Cornwell. (2004). Environmental Impact Assesment for west african
gas pipeline. (WAGPCo), West African Gas Pipeline Company Limited.
75. Mr.Ali Khan, Imran Hashmi, Sarah Arif, Raheel Zafar. (2006). Quality of drinking
water in Hub river catchment area. Karachi: Institute of Environmental studies,
university of Karachi.
76. OGRA (2004) Natural Gas Transmission Technical Standards Regulations
77. Pakistan Agricultural Research Council. (September 2010). Pakistan
Agricultural Research Council.
78. Pakistan Enviornmental Protection Agency (PEPA). (1997). Pakistan
Environmental Protection Act.
79. Pakistan Enviornmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA)
Regulations, 2000.
80. Petroleum Act 1934-Pakistan.
81. Petrosafe. (2007). GASCO Abr Sinai Onshore Gas Pipeline. Egyptian Natural
Gas Co. (GASCO).
82. Po136074, E.-P. N. ( 2011). GAP Analysis International Bankable Standards -
ERM-Project No. Po136074.
83. Robert Goodland. (2005). Oil and Gas Pipelines Social and Environmental
Impact Assessment. Fargo: International Association of Impact Assessmet.
84. S. Goryainov,Mubin,. (2007). Construction and Operation of Pipeline Projects in
Pakistan Associated Risks and their Solution. Oil and Gas Business.
85. Santos limited,Petronas. (2009, march 9). Retrieved 2012, from
http://www.glng.com.au/library/EIS/0c%20Executive%20Summary%20%28Sect
ion%20ES%29%20FINAL%20PUBLIC.pdf
86. Shafiq Ahmed Junejo. (2007). Research Report on Indus water pollution. Indus
Institute for Research & Education.
87. Shah Deniz. (2003). Contractor control plan Onshore pipeline installation. Shah
Deniz.
88. Sindh Wildlife Department. (1972). Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance.
89. Sindh Wildlife Department. (2004). Retrieved 2012, from
http://www.sindhwildlife.com.pk/protectedareas/indusdolphin_page.htm
90. WAPDA. (2007, November). Mirani dam project brief. Retrieved February 2012,
from www.wapda.gov.pk/vision2025/pdf/MiraniDamPrj161107.pdf
91. World Bank Guidelines manual of OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment); OP
4.04 (Natural Habitat); OP 4.09 (Pest Management); OP 4.36 (Forest); OPN
11.04 Cultural Property; OP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement); OP 7.50 (Projects
on International Waterways); BP .
92. WWF (March 2009). WWF-PPEPCA-Boundary Delineation of Hingol National
Park-Boundary Demarcation and Renotification of Protected Area Project.

1.5 Project Proponent
ISGS is a private limited Company, initially owned by Pakistans two major gas utility
companies; Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) 51% while Sui Northern Gas Pipeline
Limited (SNGPL) 49%. In view of its current shareholding, ISGS, under the Company
Ordinance 1984, is a subsidiary of Government Holdings (Private) Limited. Under its
Memorandum and Articles of Associations, the Company has nine (9) members on its
Board of Directors, representing the shareholding Companies in accordance with the
voting securities held by each.
Over the years the Company intensified its operations and considerable headway was
achieved in its on-going transnational pipeline projects IP and Turkmenistan -
Afghanistan - Pakistan - India (TAPI). In order to meet the growing capital requirements
of the company to implement the projects on import of gas through pipelines and Under
Ground Storage (UGS), the shareholders on the recommendations of the board
increased the Authorized Share Capital of the Company from Rs. 10 million to Rs. 20
billion. The Company took up the process of increasing its paid-up capital to cater its
capital requirements.
1.6 Size and Magnitude of the Project
In order to meet the increasing gas demand of Pakistan ISGS is currently developing the
IP Gas Pipeline Project geared to import gas from Iran.
Based on Gas Sales and Purchase Agreement between Pakistan and Iran, the National
Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) shall supply (21.5 MMSCMD to) 30 MMSCMD (1.0 bcfd) of
gas from its facilities at South Pars.
The pipeline system comprises gas compression facilities, Block Valves Stations (BVSs)
and pigging facilities and starts in Pakistan from the delivery point ("Mile 250") -
designated take over and endpoint of the 56'' Iranian IGAT 7 branch pipeline - at the
Pakistan-Iran border.
The pipeline route in Pakistan has a total length of approx. 780 km. It is following mainly
the Coastal Road in west-eastern direction up to 551 km and then crosses the Kirthar
ranges in North East direction, followed by the Indus river crossing and then heading
towards the tie in point located north at Shaheed Benazirabad at which the gas is
injected into the national gas transmission system of Pakistan.
The main components of the IP pipeline system are listed below:
42" pipeline, designed to follow - to the extent possible - the coastal route including
block valve stations and pigging facilities. (Note: the fiscal meter is located at the
Iran side of the border and operated by Iran);
Compressor Station 1 (CS1) at approx 8km near the Iran-Pakistan border. CS1 will
be equipped with 4+1 compression trains. The compressors are gas turbine driven;
Compressor Station 2 (CS2) at approx. 343km north east of Ormara. CS2 will be
equipped with 2+1 compression trains. The compressors are gas turbine driven;
Compressor Station 3 (CS3) at 780km north of Shaheed Benazirabad. This station
is a combined compressor and fiscal metering station. CS3 will be equipped with
3+1 compression trains. The compressors are gas turbine driven. The incoming
gas is feed to the national gas transmission systems of SSGC and SNGPL. Each
feeder line is equipped with independent fiscal metering, gas quality
measurements and flow controls. The gas compression facilities are designed to
cover the total gas flow of both transmission systems. As there are actually
different pressure requirements regarding the systems of SSGC and SNGPL
respectively a bypass is installed;
Pigging Stations (PS) will be installed at 0km (PS1), 177km (PS2), 554km (PS3),
and compressor stations (CS1, CS2 and CS3); and
BV Stations.
1.7 Study Area
The proposed pipeline has an approximate length of 780km starting from the western
border of Pakistan (Seroki) and ending near Daur-Shaheed Benazirabad District,
Pakistan. The proposed pipe would traverse various water bodies, roads, existing canals
(esp. Sindh area), the Indus River, hilly terrain and barren areas etc. and each area may
face a different impact and therefore would require unique measures to mitigate or avoid
impacts. In order to structure baseline information, impact assessments and mitigation
measures, the pipeline route is segregated into nine segments. While within each
segment there are similar conditions, the segments differ in terms of topography and
other environmental features. The nine segments are listed in following Table 1.1.

Sr. # RD Number Terrain
1. RD 0 to RD 180 Flat Barren Area
2. RD 180 to RD 240 Hilly Terrain
3. RD 240 to RD 300 Along Kalmat Khore Wetland
4. RD 300 to RD 380 Ormara Beaches
5. RD 380 to RD 475 Hingol National Park
6. RD 475 to RD 560 Along Miani Hor and Siranda Lake
7. RD 560 to RD 722 Kirthar Range
8. RD 722 to RD 732 Indus River Crossing
9. RD 732 to RD 780 Agricultural Fields
Table 1.1: Main Segments of Pipeline Route
1.7.1 Corridor of Impact
For the IP-Project, the Corridor of Impact (COI) comprises the Right of Way (ROW)
including the Working Strip (WS) area and a strip of i.e. 500m on both sides of
CentreLine (C/L) of pipeline.
Delineation of the area of project influence
1
is pre-requisite for undertaking any social
and environmental analysis. Although major construction activities of the IP-pipeline will
remain confined within the WS area, there will be some areas where the construction-
related activities may extend further.
The project construction as well as operation activities may have a variety of direct and
indirect impacts on the physical, ecological and socio-economic resources of the project
area and its surroundings. The direct impacts may be of primary or secondary nature:
Primary impacts are for example directly related to removal of vegetation cover for
construction or where people are directly affected due to the need for displacement
or relocation;
Secondary impacts entail the indirect impacts on the physical, ecological and
human resources arising from the pollution caused by noise, vibrations, toxic
emissions, fugitive dust, or consumption of natural resources, development of
access roads etc;
ROW is the strip or area where operator has the permission to enter this strip for
operations and during emergency cases. There are two categories of ROW i.e.
permanent (5m either side of C/L of pipeline) and temporary (34m-regular and 70m
side slope). Within this, impacts are of direct nature as the strip of land needs to be
cleared and levelled to some extent for the laying of the pipeline; and
The COI (Annex D) is the area likely to be affected by the project activities directly
or indirectly. However, for impact assessment other areas have also been
considered such as three (CSs) proposed at RD 8 near western border of
Pakistan, RD 343 east of Ormara and RD 780 north of Shaheed Benzairabad, river
crossing like Indus River (RD 723) or Dasht River (RD 12) and tentative location of
construction camps etc.
1.8 Scope of the SEIA
The detailed scope of the Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) is
provided in the attached Annex A, however, some extracts are given below:
The Consultant shall make required investigations and find out the requirements for
managing the approval of the project from the environment authorities of Pakistan and
national/international financing banks/agencies. The Consultant shall plan accordingly

1
In case of linear projects such as a pipeline, this is normally called Corridor of Impact
and complete the SEIA. The tasks which the Consultant has to perform, as a minimum
requirement, are described in the following sections. However, these tasks may not be
exhaustive:
Project Descriptions;
Description of existing environment;
Legislative and Regulatory Considerations;
Determination of Impact on the Environment;
Socio-Economic Issues related to Construction of IP Pipeline;
Analysis of Alternatives;
Development of Management Plan to Mitigate Negative Impacts;
Development of a Monitoring Plan;
Public Consultation;
Compilation of Report; and
Submission of SEIA Report to Environment Protection Agency (EPA) and Obtain
No-Objection-Certificate (NOC).
1.9 Environmental Protection Philosophy
Environmental Protection Philosophy is all about preservation and conservation of
natural settings within the project area. But the first priority of such a philosophy is about
figuring out the alternatives and mitigation solutions for any potential disturbances or
damages towards natural atmosphere, water bodies, native wildlife as well as economic,
health and cultural disturbance to the people especially residing within or in the near
surroundings of the project area due to project interventions. There could be number of
ways to either save the environment totally or at least minimize the significance of the
negative impacts on nature. The most internationally acceptable and leading protection
tool is to prepare and conduct the Environmental Assessments (EAs) of the project. The
assessment should be based primarily on the following principles.

Impact assessment to be designed as a preventive measure;
It should give environmental considerations equal weight with technical and
economic aspects;
Environmental considerations should be introduced early on in the planning
processes; and
Broad and public participation should ensure wide acceptance of projects
implemented.
If above is not considered in an early planning stage or phase of the project, it is
impossible to envisage that people who will be involved in development or upgradation
activities in a project life cycle will readily engage themselves in environmental
management planning and mitigation measures for the betterment and improvement of
their surroundings and environmental setup. This could also be due to their lack of
knowledge and required skills on the gravity of environmental degradation issue and
often widespread common illiteracy leading to ignorance of such vital assets.
The basic methodology of an Environmental Protection Philosophy intends to provide
fundamental information and guidelines on Environmental Issues in order to enhance
and better understand the projects environmental impacts and their mitigation
measures. There must be a commitment to compulsory actions, transparency of all such
actions to be implemented, legal and other requirements binding the proponent or the
contractor to execute the obligatory plans and procedures in accordance with the
outlined National and International safety guidelines.
All of the above information must be based upon field survey experiences, background
investigations of project area, potential environmental impacts during construction and
operations and stakeholders complaints, concerns and suggestions regarding pre- and
post construction and operational phases of IP gas pipeline project. An essential part of
this philosophy is to check and examine the project activities during construction and
operation stages i.e. Audits, Inspection and monitoring of performance against the Key
performance Indicators (environmental, ecological, social etc.).
To cover the above, a SEIA study has to be conducted, which has already been
identified during the scoping stage of the IP-Project when the Terms of Reference (TOR)
were under preparation. To safeguard the existing environment, a detailed methodology
has been prepared for undertaking the SEIA and provided in coming sections of this
chapter. The overall protection philosophy contains the documentation of baseline
footprint of the project, identification of relevant national and international environmental
laws, impact assessment and proposal of mitigation measures along with preparation of
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP).
A proper understanding of Environmental Protection Philosophy can be an important
means to enhance quality of socioeconomic conditions and livelihood opportunities of
project area as well. By incorporating an EMMP for a project; involving the environmental
and social principles helps project managers, staff and relevant agencies to develop a
sense of ownership amongst all the stakeholders. This can also be applied as a useful
instrument for the participation of immediate stakeholders in project related activities -
especially women - by means of providing trainings, income generating programs,
awareness initiatives and competence measures for community benefits.
In achieving the maximum safety to the existing environmental setup, the IP Environment
and Social Team is working closely with the technical planning and design group to
ensure that environmental considerations are integrated into the project design. The
team play a crucial leadership role in providing a cornerstone for conservation,
preservation and restoration of Project Area atmosphere, water bodies and the various
forms of wildlife and aquatic biodiversity; through strict adherence to National and
International Legal, Regulatory and Policy Frameworks in order to efficiently train and
uplift local communities in regards to implementation of Environmental Management and
Planning programs by use of best management practices during the entire course of the
project. To achieve the protection of environment, a detailed methodology has been
prepared for the SEIA that reveals a step by step procedure for protection of
environment. The methodology has been prepared in simple and easy language for
distribution to interested planners, managers, stakeholders, contractors and field staff. It
is hoped that this document will serve as a reference to acquire better understanding on
project based environmental activities and related issues. Moreover, the SEIA tool for
environmental protection needs to augment the capacity of stakeholders to understand
the institutional setups, legislations, roles and responsibilities of each player in
implementation of an Environmental Management Plan to minimize any negative impacts
on the project environment
1.10 Methodology and Approach of the SEIA
An SEIA is a systematic process used to identify, evaluate and mitigate the
environmental effects of the proposed pipeline. The general objectives of the SEIA study
are to provide:
Baseline information about the environmental, social, and ecological characteristics
in the project area;
Information on potential impacts of the project and the characteristic of the
temporary and permanent impacts, magnitude, distribution, who will be the affected
group, and their duration;
Information on potential mitigation measures to minimize the impact including
mitigation costs;
To assess the best alternative project at most benefits and least costs in terms of
financial, social, and environment. In addition to alternative location of the project,
project design or project management may also be considered;
The Consultant shall make an assessment of the Project on a countrywide basis
considering the fact that it will replace the transportation of oil products by
road/railways, which is an environmental hazard;
Development of monitoring plan;
To prepare a comprehensive report and documentation after public consultation for
the approval of the project from the environmental protection agencies of Pakistan
Obtaining required clearance in the form of NOC from EPA Balochistan and EPA
Sindh; and
Basic information for formulating environmental management and monitoring plan.
SCOPING
DESCRIBING
environmental condition
ASSESSING
potential impacts
FORMULATING
mitigation measures
PREPARING
EMP
The environment and social assessment team is working closely with the technical
planning and design group to ensure that environmental considerations are integrated
into the project design. For the detailed SEIA following methodology will act as a
guideline to accomplish the tasks.
The overall SEIA-process (Figure 1.1) for this project can be described as follows:

Figure 1.1: SEIA Process Flow Chart
Various stakeholder consulations were conducted as a part of SEIA study. The details of
consultations including venue, date, participants, feedback, concerns etc. are
documented in Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP)-Document No. B711-
ILF-GEN-EN-AUT-0002, which has been prepared as a separate document.
1.11 Report Structure
The whole SEIA Report has to be presented in a certain way to meet the requirements of
national policies, laws standards and acts of Pakistan. However, the report also takes
into account the guidelines of international donors for better compliance purposes. The
standard SEIA report format address issues such as exploration of alternatives, evidence
of public consultation and social acceptability, socio-economic impacts ( direct and
indirect).

The suggested outline of the SEIA is presented in the Figure 1.2
Figure 1.2: Structure of SEIA Report

2 POLICY, ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES
2.1 National Policy
There are many national policies with relation to environmental protection but the
National Environmental Policy (NEP) developed by the Ministry of Environment (MoE),
Government of Pakistan (GoP) is of principal relevance. It provides an overarching
framework for addressing the environmental issues which Pakistan is facing, particularly
pollution of fresh water bodies and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste
management, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural disasters and
climate change. The policy also gives directions for addressing cross-sectoral issues as
well as the underlying causes of environmental degradation and for meeting of
international obligations.
The NEP, while recognizing the goals and objectives of the National Conservative
Strategy (NCS), the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) and other existing
environment related national policies, strategies and action plans, provide broad
guidelines to the Federal and Provincial level government for addressing environmental
concerns and for ensuring effective management of their environmental resources.
The goal of this policy is to protect, conserve and restore Pakistan's environment in order
to improve the quality of life of the citizens through sustainable development. The
objectives of the policy are:
Conservation, restoration and efficient management of environmental resources;
Integration of environmental considerations in policy making and planning
processes;
Capacity building of government agencies and other stakeholders at all levels for
better environmental management;
Meeting international obligations effectively in line with the national aspirations; and
Creation of demand for environment through mass awareness and community
mobilization.
2.2 Overview of Administrative Framework
2.2.1 Functions of Federal Agency
Implement and administer the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA)-
1997;
Adopt effective measures for implementation of national environmental policies;
Publish annual report on status of national environment;
Enforcement of NEQS;
To promote research in science and technology which may contribute to the
prevention of pollution and protection of environment;
Promote public awareness and education in the environment sector; and
The agency can inquire or investigate any environmental issue at its own or upon
complaint from any person or community.
2.2.2 Functions of Provincial Agency
The agency can inquire or investigate any environmental issue at its own or upon
complaint from any person or community within its jurisdiction;
The agency can advise the proponent for taking up environment studies according
to Schedule I and II of the PEPA 1997;
The agency can impose penalties to the law violators; and
Issuance of NOC for an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or EIA.
2.3 National and Regional Legislative Framework
2.3.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997
The PEPA was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1997 and by the Senate
of Pakistan in November 1997. The Act No. XXXIV 1997 states that it is "An Act to
provide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the
environment, for the preventions and control of pollution, and promotion of sustainable
development".
The PEPA, 1997 empowers the Pak-EPA to:
Delegate powers, including those of environmental assessment to the provincial
EPAs;
Identify categories of the projects to which the IEE/EIA provisions will apply;
Develop guidelines for conducting IEEs and EIAs and procedures for the
submission, review and approval of the same;
Develop environmental emission standards for parameters such as air, water and
noise pollutants; and
Enforce the provisions of the Act through environmental protection orders and
environmental tribunals headed by magistrates with wide-ranging powers including
the right to fine violators of the Act.
Under the provisions of the 1997 Act, the Pak-EPA has empowered four provincial EPAs
to manage the environmental concerns of their respective provinces. The provincial
EPAs can frame environmental regulations tailored to the requirements of their province
provided these regulations meet or exceed the minimum standards set by the Pakistan
EPA. They are also required to review and approve IEEs/EIAs of all the development
projects.
The Act has also notified the following:
Policies and procedures for review and approval of environmental assessments
(1997);
Guidelines for preparation and review of environmental report (1997); and
Review of IEE and EIA (regulations, 2000).
2.3.2 EIA Review and Approval Process
The procedure for submitting the EIA Report and its review process is shown in the
Figure 2.1 below:
Under Section 12 (and subsequent amendment) of the 1997 Act, a project falling under
any category specified in Schedule II require the proponent to file an EIA with the federal
agency or provincial agency. After preparation of reports, ten hard copies and two
electronic copies need to be submitted to the concerned agencies. In the case of IP-
Project Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and Balochistan Environmental
Protection Agency (BEPA) are the main Govt. Stakeholders for issuance of NOC. Within
ten working days of the IEE or EIA having been deposited, the concerned agencies will
confirm that the document submitted is complete for the purpose of review. During this
time, should the concerned agency require the proponent to submit any additional
information, it will return the IEE or EIA to the proponent for revision, clearly listing those
aspects that need further discussion. Subsequently, the concerned agency shall make
every effort to complete an IEE review within 45 days and an EIA review within 90 days
of filing and finally issue conditional NOC having validity of three years.
It is envisaged that the major hurdle\constraint for obtaining the NOC within the above
period of time would be the pipeline route passing through so-called Sensitive Areas
(National Parks/Wildlife Sanctuaries\Game Reserves), for which a special approval is
needed as explained in the following sections of this report. This issue triggered the
Schedule-II, Sector Environmentally Sensitive Areas (critical and sensitive areas) of
PEPA, 1997.
Project
(PEPA 1997)
Environmental Screening
(EPA Regulations 2000)
No IEE/EIA Required
Refer EPA Regulations
2000 Schedule - III
IEE including
Environmental
Management
Framework Required,
2000 Schedule - I
EIA including
Environmental
Management and
Monitoring Plan
(EMMP) Required
2000 Schedule - II
Public Participation
(shall not be earlier
than 30 days)
Approval with
conditions
Implementation
and follow up
EIA Study and
Report
Preparation
EIA/IEE report submitted to
the concerned EPA for
Review along with
application form and Review
fee
Not Approved
10 hard copies
and 2 electronic
copies required
Preliminary Scrutiny
(10 days)
Report Review
(90 days)
Decision
Validity of
approval three
(03) years
Report Review
(45 days)
IEE Study and
Report Preparation
EIA

IEE

PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVAL PROCEDURE
Note:
1. EPA = Environmental Protection Agency
Pak, EPA (Fedral level)
EPA, Punjab
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency,
KPK Environmental Protection Agency,
Balochistan Environmental Protection
Agency
No Objection Certificate
(NOC) issued from
concerned Pak, EPA
(Fedral level), EPA, Punjab
Sindh Environmental
Protection Agency, KPK
Environmental Protection
Agency, Balochistan
Environmental Protection
Agency
Schedule I (Oil and
Gas Transmission
System) & II
(Environmental Sensitive
Areas) EIA Study is
Required
PAK EPA Guidelines
for Sensitive and
Critical Area to be
followed
Pipeline Passes
through two (02)
Provinces hence
concerned EPAs
are BEPA and
SEPA
EIA Report
needs to be
submitted to
each EPA
separately
Public Hearing
in both the
Provinces is
requried
NOC from BEPA
and SEPA is
required
archaeological and
cultural sites
Classification Of
Ecosystems In Pakistan
Wildlife Sanctuary
National Park
Game reserves

Figure 2.1: Pakistan Environmental Approval Procedure

2.3.3 National Environmental Standards
In 1993, the MoE, Local Government and Rural Development (now MoE) established the
NEQS and issued a Statutory Notification (S.R.O) and in 2000 the ministry approved and
issued some amendments in its previous notification.The amendments were related to
municipal and liquid industrial effluents and industrial gaseous emission. The NEQS
2000 specify the following standards:
Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and
liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment facilities,
and the sea (three separate sets of numbers) (Annex-B);
Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous
emissions from industrial sources (Annex-B);
Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (two parameters) in gaseous
emissions from vehicle exhaust (Annex-B); and
Maximum allowable noise levels from vehicles (Annex-B).
The above NEQS were silent about the standards for ambient air and drinking water
quality and have therefore recently been developed and approved by the MoE. These
standards specify the following:
Maximum allowable concentration of ambient gaseous and particulate matter (10
parameters) to be implemented in two stages i.e. effective from July 2010 and
January 2013 (Annex C); and
Standards for drinking water quality covering bacterial, physical, chemical, organic
and radioactive parameters (Annex C).
2.3.4 National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance
At present, the only legislation relating to land acquisition and compensation is the Land
Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894. The LAA is, however, limited to a cash compensation
policy for the acquisition of land and built-up property, and damage to other assets, such
as crops, trees, and infrastructure. The LAA does not consider the rehabilitation and
resettlement of disrupted population and the restoration of their livelihoods.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) came forward and provided financial and technical
assistance to the GoP in 1999. The MoE and Urban Affairs then engaged consultants
who prepared the Draft National Policy which still is in the draft form and has not yet
passed cabinet approval.

2.3.5 Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Acts,
Ordinances and Rules (Act, 1972)
In addition to empowering the provincial wildlife departments to establish game reserves,
parks, and wildlife sanctuaries, these Acts regulate the hunting and disturbance of
wildlife.
2.3.6 Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972
The Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance was approved in pursuance of the Martial Law
Proclamation of 25th March, 1969. Under this Ordinance, three types of protected areas
viz. National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Game Reserve have been notified for
protection, conservation and preservation and management of wildlife.
This law declares any such area and its wildlife the sole property of the Government,
making it accessible only to public for recreation, education and research. No hunting,
shooting, trapping or killing is allowed without obtaining a special permit to do so within
specific conditions and time limitations.
2.3.7 Balochistan Wildlife Protection Act, 1974
The Balochistan Wildlife Protection Act, 1974 was passed by the Provincial Assembly of
Balochistan in 1974. This Act is applicable to the whole of the Balochistan Province
except the tribal areas for protection, conservation, preservation and management of
wildlife.
The Act accommodates the issuance and validity of licences and permits, empowering
the government officers to issue such permits to public or V.I.Ps, prohibition of cooking of
wild animals/birds meat in any public place, trapping or shooting near Game Reserves or
Sanctuaries, warranting seizure or inspection of any person or hunting equipment at any
given time by the park rangers, as well as providing a set of fee structure for various
permits including hunting, trapping, possession or import and export of wild
animals/birds.
2.3.8 Antiquities Act, 1975
The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservation of
archaeological/historical sites and monuments.
2.3.9 The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994
This provincial Act empowers the Government of Sindh (GoS) to preserve and protect
any premises or objects of archaeological, architectural, historical, cultural, or national
interest in Sindh by declaring them protected.
Among various provisions of this act some are, formation of an Advisory Committee to
government to overlook and subsequent right of Acquisition of a protected heritage of
architectural, historical, archaeological or national value, custodian/guardianship rights
for preservation and declaration of protected heritage, evaluation of ownership rights,
take legal action against any offender who attempts to damage, destroy, remove, deface,
alter or imperil the protected heritage or to build on or near the site. It also details the
purchase, maintenance and repair works of a protected heritage under the governments
jurisdiction. The advisory committee may also receive voluntary donations towards the
cost of maintenance of a protected heritage site. The act also establishes the right of
access to certain protected heritage sites, penalties for violators, formulation of rules and
provides protection to the persons working under this Act.
2.3.10 Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001
These ordinances issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for land
use, the conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the disposal of
solid waste and wastewater effluents as well as matters related to public health and
safety.
2.3.11 Regulation of Mines and Oil Fields and Mineral Development Act, 1948
This legislation provides regulatory procedures for the quarrying and mining of
construction materials on state-owned as well as private land.
2.3.12 Forest Act, 1927
This Act provides rules and regulations for the protection of forests, control of timber and
other forest-produce transit, village forest and social forestry. The Act is being revised as
the law was framed for regulating forests all over India. It was adopted as it is after the
creation of Pakistan and it continues to remain in force till to date without assessing
whether it fulfils present day`s requirements or not.
This act has been comprehensively formed and specifies concerned agency the power
to declare protected and reserved forests by government notification, powers entitled to
forest settlement officers, power to acquire land over which right was claimed, powers to
stop ways and water-courses in reserved forests, healing of claims relating to shifting
cultivation, power to issue and publish notification to reserve trees, power to make rules
for protected forests, power to declare forest no longer reserved, order on rights of
pasture or transit forest-produce, record keeping by the forest settlement officer,
commutation of right to appeal, time limit for resolution of claims and appeals, notification
of acts prohibited in such forests (unlawful cutting of trees), awarding penalties on
violations.
2.3.13 National Forest Policy, 2001
The National Forest Policy deals with the Renewable Natural Resources (RNR) of
Pakistan such as forests, watersheds, rangelands, wildlife, biodiversity and their habitats
with the aim to eliminate the causes of depletion to such resources through the active
participation of various concerned stakeholders and government departments.
Some of the main elements of this policy include reducing the impact of socio-economic
causes such as population planning, providing substitutes to firewood, poverty
alleviation, reducing political interference in the forest and wildlife departments,
renovating and invigorating institutions of RNR (local governments i.e. districts), policies
for fragile eco-systems (mountain forests, mangroves), development of riverain forests,
maintaining irrigated plantations, preservation of unique forests (e.g. Juniper forest
Balochistan), protection of wildlife, rangelands and desert eco-systems, planting of trees
and fodders on farmlands and general monitoring and evaluation schemes.
2.3.14 Petroleum Act 1934
The Petroleum Act, 1934, is an Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the
import, transport, storage, production, refining and blending of petroleum. Specifying the
nature and condition of all receptacles and Pipelines in which petroleum may be
transported.
2.3.15 Mineral Gas Safety Rules 1960
These rules provided for the compression of natural gas for the purpose of storage and
filling or distribution of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Under these rules the location,
construction and operation of pipeline and all works connected with CNG refuelling
station must be in accordance with licensee granted by the chief inspector of explosives
under the minerals gas safety rules 1960.
2.3.16 Mineral and Industrial Gases Safety Rules 2010
These rules provided specification, standards, import and manufacturing and manners of
installation of all sorts of compressed/liquefied gas containers (cylinders and vessels),
petroleum storage tanks, compressors, dispensers, piping, fittings, allied equipments,
and all kinds of safety devices.
2.3.17 Factories Act, 1934
The clauses of this Act relevant to the project are those that concern the health, safety
and welfare of workers, disposal of solid waste and effluent and damage to private and
public property. The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and disposing of
toxic and hazardous materials.
2.3.18 Pakistan Penal Code, 1860
The Pakistan Penal Code deals with offences where public or private property and/or
human lives are affected due to the intentional or accidental misconduct of an individual
or body of people. In the context of environment, the Penal Code empowers the local
authorities to control noise, noxious emissions and disposal of effluents. The NEQS
enforced by the EPAs supersede the application of this legislation on industries and
municipalities.
2.3.19 Explosives Act, 1884
Under the Explosives Act, the project contractors are bound by regulations on handling,
transportation and using explosives during quarrying, blasting, and other purposes.
It is an Act to regulate the manufacture, possession, use, sale, transport, import or export
of dangerous explosives. It also sets out the rules for grant or refusal of licences,
especially for the under age group. It provides the right to appeal as well as making rules
for inspection, search, detention, removal of any explosives being manufactured or
possessed in violation of the Act, notification and inquiries into any serious accidents,
punishment for certain offences and arresting the offenders.
2.3.20 Sectoral Guidelines-Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 1997
The guidelines identify the major issues that need to be addressed for activities like
exploration or production of oil and gas. Impacts and mitigation measures along with
monitoring and reporting system are provided for surveying, seismic operations, drilling
activities, camp operations etc.
As long as the proponent undertakes all activities in accordance with these guidelines,
not within or adjacent to a sensitive area, submits a brief of the location and scale of
proposed activity, demonstrate proof of good practice on previous explorations, obtains
an Environmental Approval from the responsible authority and signs the environmental
agreement, it does not require an IEE or EIA for exploration, drilling and surveying etc.
Appropriate compensation measures should be provided where private land is impacted.
Dust emission, noise and physical danger from vehicles to be minimised by keeping a
fair distance from built up areas. Ensure that by providing water to the pipeline
construction and operation period for the existing water supply to local community is not
damaged. The proponent must routinely monitor ambient air quality, noise levels, surface
waters, composition of drilling mud and chemicals to counter any potential impacts.

2.4 Policies of International Conventions
As Pakistan is a member of a number of international organizations like United Nations
Organization (UNO), Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC), South Asian Atlantic
Regional Corporation (SAARC), Economic Corporation Organization (ECO), etc., it has
to follow the international protocols and obligations related to environmental protection.
2.4.1 Bonn Convention-The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild
Animals, 1979
The Convention requires the countries to take action to avoid endangering migratory
species. Species covered in the Convention should be given special attention during
Environmental Assessment (EA) and monitoring and any impacts identified should be
mitigated to acceptable levels.
The Bonn Convention was signed in 1979 and entered into force on 1 November 1983.
The Convention defines the following terms:
"Migratory species" means the entire population or any geographically separate
part of the population of any species or lower taxonomic of wild animals a
significant proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or
more national jurisdictional boundaries;
"Conservation status of a migratory species" means the sum of the influences
acting on the migratory species that may affect its long-term distribution and
abundance; and
"Endangered" means that the migratory species is in danger of extinction
throughout all or part of the territory of a State.
The parties to the Convention acknowledge the importance of conserving migratory
species. To avoid any migratory species becoming endangered, the parties must
endeavor:
To promote, cooperate in or support research relating to migratory species;
To provide immediate protection for migratory species included in Annex I; and
To conclude Agreements covering the conservation and management of migratory
species listed in Annex II.
To protect endangered migratory species, the parties to the Convention will endeavor:
To conserve or restore the habitats of endangered species;
To prevent, remove, compensate for or minimize the adverse effects of activities or
obstacles that impede the migration of the species; and
To the extent feasible and appropriate, to prevent, reduce or control factors those
are endangering or are likely to further endanger the species.
2.4.2 The Rio Declaration, 1992
The Rio Declaration comprises twenty seven principles which address such issues as
sustainable development (integration of environmental protection into the development
process); common but differentiated responsibilities to conservation, protection and
restoration of the earth's ecosystems; public participation and information access at the
national level, reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and
consumption.
The core agenda at Rio de Janeiro Conference had various social, economic and
environmental dimensions. They range from accelerating and financing sustainable
development, combating poverty, changing consumption patterns, population control,
protection of human health, sustainable future settlements, protecting the atmosphere,
improving land sustainability, reducing deforestation, eliminating desertification and
drought, efficient development of mountains, sustainable agriculture and rural
development, conservation of biodiversity, managing the oceans, protection of fresh
water from safer use of toxic chemicals, proper waste management and disposal,
strengthening the role of local communities (women, youth, indigenous people)
partnerships with local authorities, NGOs and trade unions, biotech research, transfer of
technology, capacity building, public awareness and compliance with the international
laws.
2.4.3 Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR Convention), 1971
The broad aim of the Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR, Iran, 1971) is to halt the
worldwide loss of wetlands and to conserve those that remain through wise use and
technology transfer. Contracting Parties have made commitments to:
Designate at least one site that meets the RAMSAR criteria for inclusion in the list
of Wetlands of International Importance;
Protect the ecological character of listed sites;
Include wetlands conservation within their national land-use planning; and
Establish nature reserves on wetlands and promote wetland training.
2.4.4 Basel Convention-Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1989
This convention is usually known as Basel Convention and its aim is to reduce the
movements of hazardous waste between the nations especially the movement from
developed countries to under developed countries. The Convention is also intended to
minimize the amount and toxicity of wastes generated to ensure their environmentally
sound management as closely as possible to the source of generation and to assist
developing countries in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other
wastes they generate.
This convention outlines the categories of wastes to be controlled, lists of hazardous
characteristics (explosives, flammable liquids etc.), disposal operations, different tests to
be conducted, information to be provided on the movement documents.
2.4.5 Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES)-
1979
The principal obligations of contracting parties to the CITES are to safeguard the trade in
rare or endangered species and to restrict the import and export of listed species.
According to this convention species threatened with extinction whose movement
between countries is prohibited except for conservation purposes such as captive
breeding, species whose commercial trade is permitted but export permits are needed.
This convention deals with the taxonomy of species (class, order, family, scientific and
common names), biological parameters (distribution, habitat, population status-trends,
geographic trends, role of species in its eco-system and threats faced), utilization and
trade practices at national level, legal international trade, Illegal trading, potential trade
impacts, captive breeding, conservation and management on national and international
level, legal statuses, species management (population monitoring, protection of habitat,
domestic measures) and information on similar species.
2.4.6 United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea-(UNLOS-1982)
This law defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the Worlds
Oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment and the management of
marine national resources.
The convention sets limits on coastal Navigation, defines exclusive economic zones,
continental shelves, deep seabed mining, the exploitation regimes, technological
aspects, universal participation in the convention, pioneering investors, ensure protection
of the marine environment, marine scientific research and settlement of disputes.
2.5 Policies of International Financial Institutions
2.5.1 World Bank Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines
While there is no such requirement to follow WB guidelines for IP Project execution,
(most of the important national laws have been consulted), this report considers the
same and other donor guidelines for a better compliance purpose and to meet the
requirements of international financial donors (if applicable). The environmental
regulations and guidelines of the WB have been spelled out in the WB Operational
Manual comprising documents relating to Operational Policy (OP) and Bank Procedures
(BP). These were originally issued in the form of Operational Manual Statements (OMS),
majority of which were later, after updating, issued as Operational Directive (OD). Now
these have further been updated and issued as OPs. However, where OPs have not so
far been issued, reference has been made to ODs. Applicability of OPs considering the
proposed project interventions and its response are given in Table 2.1.
Yes If applicable, how might it apply ? IP-Response
[ ] Environmental Assessment- OP 4.01
Besides identifying the general policy of the WB
about the EIA, this document lays down the
procedures and guidelines for conducting EIA of
the projects including the aspects to be considered
in EIA, public consultation and information
disclosure procedures. It also provides
environmental screening guidelines for classifying
the projects into various categories (A, B, C and
FI).

Detailed SEIA document will constitute
the EA for the IP- project. It will contain an
assessment of all the specified points
such as:
a) Project alternatives analysis; and
b) Mitigation measures and
Environmental Management Plan.

[ ] Natural Habitats- OP 4.04
Bank does not support projects that involve the
significant conversion of critical natural habitat.

If natural habitats would be significantly converted,
acceptable mitigation measures are included in
design: minimizing habitat loss and establishing
and maintaining ecologically similar protected area.

IP-project will propose appropriate
construction methods and will adopt
mitigation measures to remove or reclaim
the adverse impacts on natural habitats.

[] Pest Management- OP 4.09
This policy deals with the use of pesticides and
provides the guidelines related to Integrated Pest
Management (IPM). Use of a pesticide is
contingent on an assessment of associate risks
(made in context of projects EA) taking into
account proposed use and the intended users. The
following criteria apply to the selection and use of
pesticides: a) have negligible adverse health
effects; b) effective against target species, c)
minimal effect on non target species and
environment, d) takes into account need to prevent
development of resistance in pests.

This policy is of only limited applicability
as use of pesticides may be very limited
like to control the mosquito and mosquito-
diseases especially during the
construction time of the project.
Herbicides will not be used for clearing of
vegetation along the ROW of the pipeline.
[ - ] Indigenous Peoples- OP 4.10
This policy contributes to the Bank's mission of
poverty reduction and sustainable development by
ensuring that the development process fully
respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and
cultures of Indigenous Peoples. For all projects that
are proposed for Bank financing and affect
Indigenous Peoples the Bank requires the borrower
to engage in a process of free, prior, and informed
consultation. Such Bank-financed projects include
measures to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects
on the Indigenous Peoples communities; or (b)
when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate,
or compensate for such effects.

This OP is not triggered. Tribes are now
culturally mixed up with the local town
population customs.
[ ] Physical Cultural Resources- OP 4.11
The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate
adverse impacts on physical cultural resources
(objects, sites, structure, group of structures,
landscape etc.) from development projects that it
finances. The impacts on physical cultural
resources resulting from project activities, including

During field survey, efforts shall be made
to avoid all the visible cultural structures,
however, if any buried object encountered
by the Engineering, Procurement and
Construction (EPC) contractor, he has to
adopt the measures according to the plan
mitigating measures, may not contravene either the
borrowers national legislation, or its obligations
under relevant international environmental treaties
and agreements.

given in Environmental Management Plan
(EMP).
[ ] Involuntary Resettlement- OP 4.12
The overall objective of this policy is to avoid
involuntary resettlement or minimized. If
resettlement is not avoidable, resettlement activities
should be worked out and implemented in a
sustainable manner providing sufficient
compensation to the affected people(AP) and
should be consulted meaningfully. Displaced
people should be assisted in their efforts to improve
their livelihoods and standards of living or at least
to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement.
The policy covers the compensation to be paid for
i) relocation or loss of shelter ii) lost of assets or
access to assets or iii) loss of income sources or
means of livelihood, whether or not the affected
persons must move to another location or iv) the
involuntary restriction of access to legally
designated parks and protected areas resulting in
adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced
persons.

Effective Compensation to be paid for
Project Affected Peoples (PAPs). A
detailed Resettlement Policy framework
(RPF) has been developed.
[ ] Gender and Development OP 4.20
The objective of the Bank's gender and
development policy is to assist member countries to
reduce poverty and enhance economic growth,
human well-being, and development effectiveness
by addressing the gender disparities and
inequalities that are barriers to development.

Project will contain benefit programs for
women for their well being. (Refer EMMP)
[ ] Forests- OP 4.36
This operational policy deals with the health of
forests and provides guidelines relating to the
management of the forests and the welfare and
rights of the people dependent upon forests.

Two reserve forests identified in the
pipeline route located in Sindh province
but the forests are already in degraded
conditions.
[ - ] Safety of Dams- OP 4.37

This policy is not applicable as it relates to
Dams.

[ - ] Projects on International Waterways- OP 7.50

This policy is not applicable for the IP-
project according to the clause 2 (types of
projects applicable to this policy).
Table 2.1: World Bank Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines
2.5.2 General Procedure for Environmental Approval-World Bank
The approval process for the environmental reports (general) is complex as given in
Figure 2.2. It is assumed that ISGS previously conducted the screening process and
selected the IP-Project in Category A which is also inline with PEPA 1997 screening
process and subsequently TOR for carrying out SEIA was prepared.
Two major constraints have already been identified (given below), which would be critical
for the WB approval. However, if funding is arranged through the proponents own
sources, then adoption of WB guidelines for environment and social sector may not be
necessary but this report has been prepared considering the Bank guidelines for better
compliance.
a) The route passes through critical habitats; and
b) There might be a need for involuntary resettlement.
WORLD BANK E&SIA PROCESS FLOWCHART
Proposal Identification

Initial Environmental
Examination

Mitigation and Impact
Management

No EIA

Public involvement typically occurs at
these points. It may also occurs at any
other stage of the EIA Process

Screening

Information from this process contributes
to effective future EIA

EIA Required

Baseline
Conditions
Physical
Ecological
Socio-economic
Impact
Analysis

E&SIA Report

Review

Decision-making

Approved

Not Approved

Implementation and
Follow-up

O.P 2.30
Development
Cooperation and
Conflict

O.P 4.01
Environmental
Assessment
O.P 4.04
Natural Habitats
O.P 4.10
Indigenous Peoples

O.P 4.11
Physical Cultural
Resources

O.P 4.12
involuntary
Resettlement
O.P 4.20
Gender and
Development

O.P 4.36
Forests

OP 4.01
Environmental
Assessment
Clause-8
Category A

Category B

Category C

Category A

Category B

Category C

National/Local
Environmental
Laws
PEPA, 1997
Environmental
Management and
Monitoring Plan

Scoping

Public
Involovement

Public
Involvement

Stakeholder
Consultation

Constraints

Figure 2.2: World Bank EIA Process Flowchart
2.5.3 Asian Development Bank Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines
Safeguard policies are generally understood to be operational policies that seek to avoid,
minimize, or mitigate adverse environmental and social impacts, including protecting the
rights of those likely to be affected or marginalized by the development process. ADBs
safeguard policy (2009) framework consists of three OPs on the environment (Annex 1),
involuntary resettlement (Annex 2) and Indigenous Peoples (Annex 3). These are
accompanied by Operations Manual sections on Environmental Considerations in ADB
Operations; Involuntary Resettlement; and Indigenous Peoples. All three safeguard
policies involve a structured process of impact assessment, planning, and mitigation to
address the adverse effects of projects throughout the project cycle. The safeguard
policies require that (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle; (ii)
plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are
developed and implemented; and (iii) AP are informed and consulted during project
preparation and implementation.
The applicability of above policies considering the IP- Project interventions and its
response is given in the Table 2.2.
[ ] Safeguard Requirements 1: Environment
Besides identifying the general policy of the ADB
about the EIA, this document lays down the
procedures and guidelines for conducting EIA of
the projects including the aspects to be considered
in EIA, environmental planning and management,
habitats, health and safety, public consultation and
information disclosure procedures, Grievance
mechanism etc. It also provides environmental
screening guidelines for classifying the projects into
various categories (A, B, C, F1).

Detailed SEIA document will constitute
the EA for the IP- project. It will contain an
assessment of all the specified points
such as:
a) Project alternatives analysis; and
b) Mitigation measures and EMP.

[ ] Safeguard Requirements 2: Involuntary
Resettlement
This policy spells out the ADB requirements when
involuntary resettlement is triggered (when
full/partial or permanent or temporary physical
displacement is occurred). Full compensation,
assistanceand benefits for the displaced persons
should be considered in the project planning and
design.

Effective compensation to be paid and
RPF has been developed.

[] Safeguard Requirements 3: Indigenous Peoples
This policy contributes to the Bank's mission of
poverty reduction and sustainable development by
ensuring that the development process fully
respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and
cultures of Indigenous Peoples. For all projects that
are proposed for Bank financing and affect
Indigenous Peoples the Bank requires the borrower
to engage in a process of free, prior, and informed
consultation. Such Bank-financed projects include
measures to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects
on the Indigenous Peoples communities; or (b)
when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate,
or compensate for such effects.

Not Applicable. Tribes now culturally
mixed up with local town population.
Table 2.2: ADB Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines
2.5.4 General Procedure for Environmental Approval-ADB
The general approval procedure/process for environment reports is given in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3: ADB EIA Process Flowchart
Considering the proposed activities of the IP-Project, it seems that the project falls in
Category A or B according to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. The decision on
categorization of project is always taken by the ADB mission (standard procedures) and
subsequently the TOR is prepared for the project, which is not the case in IP-Project.
2.6 Required Permits
This section reveals set procedures require for obtaining NOCs for SEIA and working in
sensitive and critical areas from concerned authorities. Also extracts from LAA 1894 are
given to have a ready reference of procedures requires for acquisition of land.
2.6.1 Environmental Permit (NOC)
The following general stages have to be followed in the application and approval process
for the Environmental Terms:
a) Classification of the Project;
b) Submission of SEIA; and
c) Issuance of NOC.
Detailed process for NOC according to PEPA-1997 is as follows:
a) Classification of the Project
The proposed project requires EIA in accordance with Schedule II of PEPA-1997.
According to TOR of IP-Project, Consultants are to carry out an SEIA. Therefore, the
proposed project already classified as a Category A project. To facilitate acceptance of
the SEIA on international level the (WB) OP 4.01 has also been used as a guideline for
key elements of the SEIA.
b) Submission of SEIA
Under Section 12 (and subsequent amendment) of the 1997 Act, a project falling under
any category specified in Schedule II, requires the proponent to file an EIA with the
federal agency or provincial agency for obtaining the NOC. After preparation of SEIA
report, ten hard copies and two electronic copies need to be submitted to the concerned
agencies. In the case of this project SEPA and BEPA are the main Government
Stakeholders for issuance of NOC.
c) NOC
Within ten working days of the IEE or EIA filed; the concerned agencies will confirm that
the document submitted is complete for the purpose of review. During this time, should
the concerned agency require the proponent to submit any additional information, it will
return the IEE or EIA to the proponent for revision, clearly listing those aspects that need
further discussion. Subsequently, the concerned agency should make every effort to
complete an IEE review within 45 days and an EIA review within 90 days of filing and
finally issue conditional NOC having validity of three years. The NOC process for SEIA is
given in Table 2.3.
Name of Authorization: Approval of SEIA
Purpose (Regulated Activity) Mandatory by National Law-PEPA-1997.
Project Phase Feasibility Study.
Approving Authority Balochistan and Sindh Environment Protection Agencies.
Applicable Legislation Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997.
Pre-requisites for Application -
Details
Application form (Annex II-Policy and procedures for the
filing, review and approval of environmental assessments-
EA).
Notification of submission of EIA (Annex III) by the
receiving body.
Form of register entries (Annex IV) by receiving body.
Public consultations.
Form of environmental approval (conditional)-Annex V.
Note: refer PEPA, 1997 for Annexes
Application File Contents
SEIA.
Application form (Annex II-Policy and procedures for the
filing, review and approval of environmental assessments).
Submission of the prescribed fee to the provincial treasury
account.
Application File Preparation
by
Consultants.
Applicant ISGS.
Timeframe Approx: 3 to 4 months.
Table 2.3: Social and Environmental Impact AssessmentNOC Process
2.6.1.1 Public Consultation and Disclosure
The process of public consultation and disclosure is defined in the Guidelines for the
Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports and the Guidelines for Public
Consultation. (Policy & Procedures)-PEPA-1997. Concerned environmental protection
agencies (Sindh and Balochistan) have the responsibility to provide information to the
public through public hearings, press releases, placing documents in the libraries etc.
The public participation/discussions are mandatory during the conduct of environmental
study.
2.6.2 National Parks and Protected Areas
In case where the pipeline passes through a designated area of special protection, such
as Natural Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries etc., the relevant conservation authority is to be
contacted for advice about the extent to which development may be allowed and with
what conditions. Certain areas may have total prohibition for development, while others
may allow controlled development. Further, clearing and breaking up of land or polluting
water in a National Park or a Wildlife Sanctuary for cultivation, mining or any other
purpose is prohibited. However government may authorize doing of the above mentioned
prohibited acts for scientific purpose or for the betterment of the National Park (Section
15.4 (IV) & (V) of the Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance 1972).
2.6.2.1 Works Prohibited in Protected Areas
National Parks
Following acts are prohibited in National Parks:
Hunting, shooting, trapping, killing or capturing of any wild animal in a National Park
or within 5 km radius of its boundary;
Firing any gun or doing any other act which may disturb any animal or bird or doing
any act which interferes with the breeding places;
Felling, tapping, burning or in any way damaging or destroying, taking, collecting or
removing any plant or tree from National Park;
Clearing or breaking up of any land for cultivation, mining or any other purpose;
Polluting water flowing in and through the National Park; and
As previously mentioned the Govt. may for scientific purpose or for the betterment of
the park, authorize the doing of above mentioned prohibited acts.
Wildlife Sanctuary
In a wildlife sanctuary, the following acts are prohibited:
No person shall-
Enter or reside;
Cultivate any land;
Damage or destroy any vegetation;
Hunt, kill or capture any wild animal or fire any gun or other fire arm within 5 km of
the boundaries;
Introduce any exotic species of animal or plant;
Introduce any domestic animal or allow it to stray;
Cause any fire; and
Pollute water in a wildlife sanctuary.
The government may authorize the doing of the aforementioned acts for scientific
purposes or for aesthetic enjoyment or betterment of scenery.
Reserved Forest
Works prohibited in such forests: Any person who,
Makes any fresh clearing in the forest;
Sets fire to a reserved forest, or, kindle any fire, or leaves any fire burning, in such
manner as to endanger such a forest;
Kindles, keeps or carries any fire except at such seasons as the Forest officer may
notify on his behalf;
Trespasses or pastures cattle, or permits cattle to trespass;
Causes any damage by negligence in felling any tree or cutting or dragging any
timber;
Fells, girdles, lops, taps or burns any tree or strips off the bark or leaves from, or
otherwise damages, the same;
Quarries stone, burns lime or charcoal, or collects, subjects to any manufacturing
process, or removes, any forest-produce;
Clear or break up any land for cultivation or any other purpose; and
In contravention of any rules made in this behalf by the Provincial Government,
hunts, shoots, fishes, poisons water or sets traps or snares.
Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas (GoP October 1997)
2.6.2.2 Procedure for obtaining permission in Sensitive and Critical Areas
The following procedure is to be adopted for obtaining NOC in sensitive and critical
areas.
ISGS should submit the application to the concerned Authority (Secretary Forestry and
Wildlife, Sindh and Balochistan) for transfer of the required land to them for laying of gas
pipeline. This application should be supported by the documents as referred in below
paragraph. Secretary forests shall, on his satisfaction, and after completion of all the
formalities de-notify the area and transfer it to the ISGS by issuing a notification. ISGS
should also get a formal permission from the Secretary Forests and Wildlife to start
working in the protected area, before a proper notification is issued for the transfer of the
area. Process of obtaining NOC is given in Table 2.4.
Name of
Authorisation
Permission for Laying of Gas Pipeline/
Acquisition of Land
Project Phase Feasibility Study Stage.
Approval Authority Secretaries, Forestry and Wildlife Departments (Sindh and
Balochistan Provinces).
Legislation Applicable Land Acquisition Act, Sindh Wildlife Protection Order 1972,
Balochistan Wildlife Protection Act 1974, Forest Act 1927,
Balochistan, Sindh Local Government Ordinances 1979/80,
Balochistan Sea Fisheries Ordinance 1970.
Pre-requisite for
Application
1. Applications addressed to Secretaries, Forestry and Wildlife
Departments (Sindh and Balochistan).
2. EIA duly approved by the Sindh and Balochistan Provincial
Environment Agencies.
3. Proposed alignment /route for the gas pipeline.
4. List of trees coming within the proposed route along with the
information, regarding specie and size of trees.
5. List of any other structures coming within the corridor width of
the proposed alignment.
Approximate Time
Required for Approval
Approximately two months-time (may take longer).

Application Route Secretaries Forestry and Wildlife (Sindh and Balochistan)

Chief Conservators of Forests/Director Generals, Wildlife

Conservators of Forests/ Directors, Wildlife

Divisional Forest Officers/Deputy Directors Wildlife

Table 2.4: Process for Obtaining Permission for Working in Sensitive and Critical Areas
2.6.3 Procurement of Land Rights
According to LAA 1894 the summary of process of acquisition of land is given below:
2.6.3.1 Part-1
Section-1 (Short Title, Extent and Commencement): This section defines the title, extent
and commencement of act and states that this Act may be called the LAA, 1894 and
applicable in whole of Pakistan.
2.6.3.2 Part-2
Acquisitions: Part-2 of LAA comprises 14 sections from Section 4 to 17 as briefly
described below:
Section 4: Publication of Preliminary Notification and Powers of Officers
Thereupon
A notification shall be published in the official Gazette. It would allow the Collector to
arrange survey of the land and submit report to the Commissioner not later than 60 days
of the notification. Material/cut-off date for compensation and determination of market
value shall be based on the date of notification. Before entry of any person in the
property, the occupier shall be given at least seven days notice in writing of his intention
to do so.
Section 5 and 5A: Notification that Particular Land is Needed for a Public Purpose
for a Company and Hearing of Objections
This Section states that where land is to be acquired for a public purpose, if the
commissioner, and where land is to be acquired, for a Company, the Provincial
Government, is satisfied after considering the result of the survey, if any, made under
sub-section (2) of Section 4, or if no survey is necessary, at any time, that any particular
land included in a locality notified under sub-section (1) of Section 4 is needed for a
public purpose or a Company, as the case may be notification to that effect shall be
published to the official Gazette, stating the District or other territorial division in which
the land is situated, the purpose for which it is needed, its approximate area and
situation, and where a plan has been made of the land, the place where such plan may
be inspected, and the Collector shall cause public notice to be given of the land to be
acquired.
Any person interested in any land which has been notified under section-5 as being
needed for a public purpose or for a Company may within thirty days after the issue of
the notification, object to the acquisition of the land or of any land in the locality, as the
case may be.
Every objection as described above shall be made to the Collector in writing and the
Collector shall give the objector an opportunity of being heard either in person or by
pleader and shall, after hearing all such objections and after making such further inquiry,
if any, as he thinks necessary, submit the case for the decision of the Provincial
Government, together with the record of the proceedings held by him and a report
containing his recommendations on the objections. The decision of the Commissioner or
the objections shall be final.
When land is needed for a Company, the Collector shall, after making such enquiries as
he deems necessary, also make his recommendations to the Commissioner with regard
to the area that in this opinion is reasonable for the purpose.
For the purpose of this section, a person shall be deemed to be interested in land who
would be entitled to claim an interest in compensation if the land were acquired under
this act.
Section 6: Declaration of Intended Acquisition
According to Section-6, the Declaration of Intended Acquisition is published in the Official
Gazette duly signed by the Secretary to the Government or some officer duly authorised
to certify its orders, with location details, approved area and availability of the plan within
6 months of the publication of notification under Section-5.
Section 7: After Declaration Collector to Take Order for Acquisition
Section-7 states that when the Declaration is made under Section-6, the Provincial/State
Govt. shall direct the Collector to take order for acquisition of land.
Section 8: Land to be marked out, Measured and Planned
Section-8 directs that the Collector shall then cause the land to be marked, measured &
plan to be prepared if not made under Section-4.
Section 9: Notice to Persons Interested
This section deals with the notices to persons interested and states that Collector shall
serve public notice to be displayed at convenient places on or near the land to be
acquired, for possession of land and claims to be made to him. Notice should have
particulars of land, date and time for hearing/receiving objections/claims, which may be
required in writing and signed by the party. Notice should also be served to occupier and
to non-residents on their last known address.
Section 10: Power to Require and Enforce the Making of Statements as to Names
and Interests
This section states that the Collector may also require any such person to make or
deliver to him, at a time and place mentioned (such time not being earlier than fifteen
days after the date of requisition), a statement so far as may be practicable, the name of
every other person possessing any interest in the land or any part thereof as co-
proprietor, sub-proprietor, mortgagee, tenant or otherwise and of the nature of such
interest, and of the rents and profits (if any) received or recoverable on account thereof
for three years next preceding date of the statement. Every person required to make or
deliver a statement under this Section or Section-9 shall be deemed to be legally bound
to do so within the meaning of the Sections-175 and 176 of India Penal Code.
Section 11: Enquiry and Award
This section is related to the enquiry and award and specifies that on the fixed day, the
Collector shall proceed to any enquiry, regarding land area, compensation and
apportionment of compensation. Award should be made by the Collector himself.
Section 12 and 12 A: Award of Collector when to be Final and Correction of
Mistake
Section-12 states that award shall be filed in the Collectors office and shall, except as
hereinafter provided, be final and conclusive evidence, as between the Collector and the
persons interested, whether they have respectively appeared before the Collector or not,
of the true area and value of the land, and the apportionment of the compensation
among the persons interested. The Collector shall give immediate notice of his award to
such of the persons interested as are not present personally or by their representatives
when the award is made.
Under Section-12A, any clerical or arithmetical mistake in the award arising therein from
any accidental slip or omission may, at any time, be corrected by the Collector either of
his own motion or on the application of any of the parties.
Section 13: Adjournment of Enquiry
According to Section-13, The Collector may for any cause he thinks fit, from time to time
adjourn the enquiry to a day to be fixed by him.
Section 14: Power to Summon and Enforce Attendance of Witnesses and
Production of Documents
According to Section-14, for the purpose of enquiries under this Act the Collector shall
have power to summon and enforce the attendance of witnesses, including the parties
interested or any of them, and to compel the production of documents by the same
means, and (so far as may be) in the same manner as is provided in the case of a Civil
Court under the Code of Civil Procedure.
Section 15: Matters to be Considered and Neglected
This section states that in determining the amount of compensation, the Collector shall
be guided by the provisions contained in Sections 23 and 24.
Section 16: Power to Take Possession
In accordance with Section-16, when the Collector has made an award under Section
11, he may take possession of the land, which shall thereupon vest absolutely in the
Government, free from all encumbrances.
Section 17: Special Powers in Case of Urgency
This section deals with the special powers in case of urgency and states that in case of
urgency, whenever Provincial/State Govt. directs Collector, though no such award has
been made, on the expiration of fifteen days from the publication of the notice mentioned
in Section 9, Sub-section (1), take possession of any waste or arable land needed for
public purposes or for a Company. Such land shall thereupon vest absolutely in the
Government, free from all encumbrances. Collector at the time of taking possession shall
offer compensation for standing crops & trees to persons interested (affectees).
For details of court and procedures, apportionment of compensation and payments for
land the reader is referred to Authority Permit Acquisition Plan-General report which is
being submitted as a part of other submittals of this proposed project.
2.6.3.3 Temporary Land
For acquiring the temporary land, following LAA clauses are applicable:
35. Temporary Occupation of Waste or Arable Land
Procedure when difference as to compensation exists:
1. Subject to the provision of Part VII of this Act, whenever it appears to the Provincial
Government that the temporary occupation and use of any waste or arable land
needed for any public purpose, or for a Company, the Provincial Government may
direct the Collector to procure the occupation and use of the same for such term as it
shall think fit, not exceeding three years from the commencement of such
occupation.
2. The Collector shall thereupon give notice in writing to the persons interested in such
land of the purpose for which the same is needed, and shall, for the occupation and
use thereof for such term as aforesaid, and for the materials (if any) to be taken there
from, pay to them such compensation either in a gross sum of money, or by monthly
or other periodical payments as shall be agreed upon in writing between him and
such persons respectively.
3. In case the Collector and the persons interested differ as to the sufficiency of the
compensation or apportionment thereof, the Collector shall refer such difference to
the decision of the Court.
36. Power to Enter and Take Possession and Compensation on Restoration
1. On payment of such compensation, or on executing such agreement or on making a
reference under Section 35, the Collector may enter upon and take possession of the
land, and use or permit the use thereof in accordance with the terms of the said
notice.
2. On the expiration of the term, the Collector shall make or tender to the persons
interested compensation for the damage (if any) done to the land and not provided
for by the agreement, and shall restore the land to the persons interested therein:
Provided that, if the land has become permanently unfit to be used for the purpose
for which it was used immediately before the commencement of such term, and if the
persons interested shall so require, the Provincial Government shall proceed under
this Act to acquire the land as if it was needed permanently for a public purpose for a
Company.
The Table 2.5 gives the summary of permanent land acquisition process. For
temporary land occupation, the brief process is given above, which is self-
explanatory, however, the time period for occupation of land is not fixed. ISGS shall
take effective measures to take the possession of land for temporary reason as soon
as possible.

Name of
Authorisation
Acquisition of Land
Project Phase
Feasibility.
Approval Authority
Commissioner/District Revenue Officer.
Legislation Applicable
Land Acquisition Act, 1894.
Pre-requisite for
Application

Approximate Time
Required for Approval
1-3 years.
Application Route

Table 2.5: Permanent Land Acquisition Process
2.6.4 International Finance Institutions
If the proponent seeks funding from international finance banks/institutions, it is required
to prepare a SEIA according to the laid down principles of the financing body. As
example guidelines, guidance notes, and operational policies from different international
bodies are listed below (non exhaustive):
Equator Principles General;
International Finance Cooperation (IFC) Guidance Notes - PS 5 Land Acquisition
and Involuntary Resettlement;
WB - Bank Practice Involuntary Resettlement;
WB - Operational Policy Involuntary Resettlement; and
ADB Safeguards 2009.
Despite the fact that the financing body of the project is not yet fully known the WB
safeguards have been used as a guiding decree for the SEIA preparation (along with the
National Legislations). Regarding land acquisition the national regulations of Pakistan
shall apply.
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
3.1 General
In order to meet the increasing gas demand of Pakistan ISGS is currently developing the
IP Gas Pipeline Project geared to import gas from Iran.
Based on Gas Sales and Purchase Agreement between Pakistan and Iran, NIOC shall
supply (21.5 MMSCMD to) 30 MMSCMD (1.0 bcfd) of gas from its facilities at South
Pars.
The pipeline system comprises gas compression facilities, BVSs and pigging facilities
and starts in Pakistan from the delivery point (Mile 250) - designated take over and
endpoint of the 56 Iranian IGAT 7 branch pipeline - at the Pakistan-Iran border.
The pipeline route in Pakistan has a total length of approx. 780 km. It is following mainly
the Coastal Road in west-eastern direction up to 551 km and then crossing the Kirthar
ranges in North East direction, followed by the Indus river crossing and then heads
towards the tie in point located north of Shaheed Benazirabad, at this point the gas will
be injected into the national gas transmission system of Pakistan.
An Overview Map scale 1:2.2 Million in (doc no.: B711-ILF-ROU-PL-MAP-0001) (Annex
D) provides an overview about the entire route corridor and the (CS) locations.
The main components of the IP pipeline system are listed below and Figure 3.1 shows
the pipeline system flow:
a) 42 pipeline, designed to follow - to the extent possible - the coastal route including
BVSs and pigging facilities. (Note: the fiscal meter will be located at the Iran side of
the border and operated by Iran)
b) CS1 at approx KM 8 near the Iran-Pakistan border. CS1 will be equipped with 4+1
compression trains. The compressors are gas turbine driven.
c) CS2 at approx. KM 343 north east of Ormara. CS2 will be equipped with 2+1
compression trains. The compressors are gas turbine driven.
d) CS3 at KM 780 north of Shaheed Benazirabad. This station is a combined
compressor and fiscal metering station. CS3 will be equipped with 3+1
compression trains. The compressors are gas turbine driven. The incoming gas will
be fed into the national gas transmission systems of SSGC and SNGPL. Each
feeder line will be equipped with independent fiscal metering, gas quality
measurements and flow controls. The gas compression facilities will be designed
to cover the total gas flow of both transmission systems. As there are actually
different pressure requirements regarding the systems of SSGC and SNGPL
respectively a bypass will be installed.
3.2 Components of the Project
Following are the major component of the IP-Project.
Pipeline;
CSs;
Pigging Stations; and
BV Stations.

Figure 3.1: Pipeline System Flow Diagram
3.3 Pipeline
3.3.1 Design Factors
The pipeline design factor to be used in system design and analysis for cross country
pipelines will be 0.72, in accordance with ASME B31.8. This factor will be reduced
accordingly, as stipulated in ASME B31.8, when different factors such as population
concentrations, land use, terrain, geophysical and environmental will be encountered
along the selected pipeline route:
DF 0.72 in regular sections.
DF 0.60 at important crossings and steep slopes, smaller settlements.
DF 0.50 at public areas or near housing areas.
The design factor within the above ground installations (stations) will be 0.5, as required
under Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA), Natural Gas Transmission Technical
Standards Regulation, 2004.
Consideration will be given to the design with respect to the safety and security of the
pipeline against third party interference.
3.3.2 Line Pipe
Line pipe will meet the standards and requirements as specified in API 5L.
The line pipe size, material grade and (CS) layout/configuration has been optimized for
the combination of Capital expenditures (CAPEX) and Operating expenditures (OPEX).
The analysis shows that the optimum diameter is 42 inches (1.1m). The selected and
calculated wall thicknesses are given in Table 3.1:
Pipeline
Diameter
DF 0.72 DF 0.60 DF 0.50
Wall Thickness
42(1.1m) 14.74 mm 17.69 mm 21.23 mm
Selected Wall Thickness
42(1.1m) 14.8 mm 17.7 mm 21.3 mm
Table 3.1: Selected and Calculated Wall Thicknesses
Due to large length of the pipeline, non-standard wall thickness (WT) has been selected,
due to the significant cost savings.
3.3.3 Depth of Cover and Protective Measures
In general, the pipeline will be installed in accordance with ASME B31.8.
A minimum burial depth of 1.0m to the top of the pipeline has been adopted for cost
estimate purpose.
Where, there is an increased risk of damage or interference from third parties, additional
protective measures will be adopted. Protection measures which will be considered are
as follows:
Additional depth of cover;
Pipeline marker tape;
Protective concrete slabs;
Increased pipe wall thickness; and
Concrete coating.
3.3.4 Pipeline Route
The selected pipeline route corridor falls parallel to the coastal highway in Balochistan
Province.
The route corridor has been verified through site visits and further narrowed down to an
approximately 200m corridor.
There are few critical areas of short lengths in Hingol National Park (HNP) and the
Kirthar Ranges which are still under study and where construction corridor has not been
ascertained.
3.3.4.1 Start Point/Delivery Point
The start point / delivery point ("Mile 250") of the IP Pipeline System will be at the border
between Iran and Pakistan and has been located approx. KM 70 north west of Gwadar
(Balochistan Province). This location has been designated KM 0 and the distances of the
pipeline system will be referenced and measured from this point.
The coordinates of the transfer point is Longitude 61 39' 31" East and Latitude 25 23'
39" North in WGS84.
3.3.4.2 Route Description
The route corridor of the IP Pipeline is passing through flat (approx. 80%) and
undulating, hilly and mountainous terrains (approx. 20%). The IP Pipeline has a total
length of about KM 780 of which, about KM 660 are located in Balochistan Province and
approximate KM 120 in Sindh Province. The first KM 550 of the IP Pipeline is following
mainly the Makran Coastal Highway (MCH). The route passes in Balochistan near
Jiwani, Gwadar, Surbandar, Pasni, Ormara, Aghor, Uthal, Dureji and in Sindh Province
near Amri and Qazi Ahmad. The pipeline route also runs through the HNP, Kirthar
Mountain Range and by-passes the coastal wetlands and Kirthar National Park (KNP).
Section 1: KM 0 375
The route corridor of the IP Pipeline runs from the border to Ormara region mainly
through flat and barren terrain which represents ideal conditions for pipeline construction.
The soil consists mainly of silty sand and sandy silt.
From KM 180 to 230, north of Pasni, the route crosses a rocky and hilly terrain with
partly flat areas. The rocky terrain consists mainly of siltstone, mudstone and partly silty
sandstone. In this section; pipeline construction can be done with ease and minimal
effort.
Section 2: KM 375 - 465
The route corridor of the IP Pipeline runs through the HNP with mountains of the Makran
range including Buzi Pass area. The maximum height of that mountain range in this area
is approximate 1000m. The rock consists mainly of siltstone, mudstone and partly silty
sandstone. The route of the IP Pipeline consist in this area of approximately 60% flat
terrain (plain area, flat valley area of water courses which are mainly dry); 30% hilly
terrain where partly rock cuttings will be required for the pipeline right of way as well as
10% of very difficult mountainous terrain where pipe laying will face serious challenges of
large scale cutting and filling of side slopes. Highest point of the pipeline route in this
area is 350m above sea level.
Section 3: KM 465 - 570
The route corridor of the IP Pipeline runs from the end of HNP to East of Uthal through
mainly flat and barren terrain which represents ideal conditions for pipeline construction.
The soil consists mainly of silty sand and sandy silt.
Section 4: KM 570 - 720
The route corridor of the IP Pipeline runs through the Kirthar Mountain Range. These are
four main mountain formations extending north-south with the highest elevation near
1200m and width varies from 5 -12 km which need to be crossed by the IP Pipeline. The
elevation differences of the IP Pipeline between the foot and top of the 4 highest ridges
are in a range of 400m to 700m. The ridges comprise of alternate beds of limestone,
sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and claystone/shale. The 150km route section consists
of about 45% flat terrain (valleys between the ridges); about 20% hilly terrain; about 3%
dissected terrain and 32% mountainous terrain (crossing of 4 main ridges with an
elevation of 850 to 1000m above sea level). Partly steep longitudinal slopes need to be
overcome by the pipeline in order to cross the mountain ridges.

Section 5: KM 720 - 780
The pipeline route runs through the Indus plain area, which is mainly an irrigated and
intensive agriculture land (mainly rice and cotton fields, partly banana orchards). The
Indus River needs to be crossed at KM 723 and is proposed parallel to a road bridge,
which is currently under construction. The Indus River has, currently, a river bed
approximately 9km. wide. A 2km long crossing is foreseen for the River. Seasonal high
ground water table within the Indus plain area is expected. Several irrigation channels
need to be undercrossed by the pipeline.
3.3.5 Major Crossings
Crossings of water courses (River, Nullah, Kaur, drainages etc.) will be executed to en-
sure integrity of the pipeline under all conditions of the water flow. In any event, the
minimum depth of cover will be approx. 1.5m below the anticipated riverbed level,
excluding allowance for scour, cleaning or straightening works.
Above ground crossings for water courses should not be used. Major River crossing
design will be based on open cut / backfill or directionally drilled design. Minor River or
stream crossing design should be auger boring, thrust boring or open-cut method.
The following major water courses (Table 3.2) greater than 100m river bed width under
normal water flow conditions including Nullah & Kaur (which are mostly dry) need to be
crossed:
Pipeline KM Name Width (m)
13 Dasht River 150
190 Shadi Kaur 200
221 Branguli Kaur 200
228 Rumaro Kaur 125
304 Basol River 225
343 Prahandrak Kaur 100
425 Hingol River 250
478 Phor Nai Nullah 300
539 Nallah 200
568 Pet Dhanwai Nullah 200
583 Wanani D.Nullah 250
621 Hub River 150
625 Hub River 150
630 Hub River 100
670 Naing Nai Nullah 200
671 Naing Nai Nullah 100
692 Bandni Nai Nullah 200
715 Nullah 125
720 Nullah 100
190 Indus River 650
Table 3.2: Major Water Coureses
3.3.5.1 End Point
The end point of the IP Pipeline System will be north of Shaheed Benazirabad in Sindh
Province near Daur - located approximately 100km north of Hyderabad at KM 780 where
gas will be injected into the national gas transmission system of Pakistan.
The coordinates of the transfer point is Longitude 68 24' 01" East and Latitude 26 27'
42" North in WGS84.
3.3.6 Profile
The profile of pipeline route is depicted in Figure 3.2 below.

Figure 3.2: Profile of Pipeline Route
3.4 Compressor Stations
3.4.1 Operating Temperature
The typical gas inlet temperature to a CS will be depending upon the gas throughput and
the season, but is approximately 30C maximum. The maximum temperature of the
natural gas at the compressor outlets will be limited to 58C at CS1 and CS2. The
maximum temperature of the natural gas at CS3 outlets will be limited to 48C.
3.4.2 Compressor Station Layout
CS sites will be equipped with a security system to protect personnel and assets in
accordance with the recommendations of the security study.
Equipment, where possible, will be skid-mounted packages to minimize installation and
testing costs. Appropriate spare units will be installed to meet the overall station
availability. Potential for future system expansion will be considered in the CS layout
design.The layout for CS1 is shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3: Layout Compressor Station 1(CS1)
3.4.3 Facilities Requirements
All CS piping systems will be designed, constructed and tested in accordance with
ASME B31.8, ASME B31.3 and OGRAs Natural Gas Transmission Technical Standards
Regulation, 2004.
Facilities include following process systems:
Inlet filter separators;
Gas turbine driven compressor units;
After cooling units by means of air coolers (at Shaheed Benazirabad additional
cooling facilities required to match the max. allowed temperature of 48C during
extreme climatic conditions);
Metering;
Pig launcher / receivers; and
Flow control valves at Shaheed Benazirabad.
Following utility systems will be installed in the CS:
Open and closed drain systems (tanks and pumps);
Oily water system (tank and pump);
Fuel gas system;
Diesel oil system (tank and pump);
Instrument air system;
Inert gas system (Nitrogen);
Potable water system (storage and distribution);
Raw water system (water wells and water treatment in accordance with World
Health Organization (WHO)- guidelines); and
Storm water system;
Sanitary sewer system;
Waste disposal facilities;
Fire fighting system (firewater tank, fire water pumps, underground firewater line
and hydrants); and
Corrosion monitoring system.
3.4.4 Compressor Station Buildings
Buildings intended to be normally occupied will be equipped with Heating, Ventilation
and Air Condition (HVAC) systems. The number of separate buildings will be minimised,
where possible, to optimise economy of construction and to group rooms with shared
facilities or staffing.
Buildings will be designed, where possible, to reduce total dependence on artificial light,
ventilation, and temperature control. Buildings will be provided with fire detection
systems (addressable type).
The following buildings are foreseen:
Administration building including first aid / medical facilities;
Control building, including station control room, control and telecom equipment
room, engineering room, training room, electrical room document room, meeting
room, lavatory and sanitary installation;
Workshop building, including warehouse, utility rooms for instrument air and inert
gas system, offices, locker room, first aid room and sanitary installation;
Canteen/dining hall;
Electrical substation;
Fire fighting station;
Main security building and guard house(s);
Secondary structures as car sheds, watch towers, etc.; and
Housing compounds, recreation facilities and mosque (adjacent to CS).
Following civil systems beside buildings are further required:
Heliport with associated facilities as developed in the operation and maintenance
philosophies;
Vehicle maintenance and fuelling facilities;
Access roads;
Fences, gates etc.; and
Lay down areas.
3.4.5 Power Generation
The concept for the CSs is a standalone plant without connection to the external public
grid.
The electrical power will be produced by gas engine driven generators. To ensure high
reliability of the power supply four generators (3+1) will be installed. Fuel gas for the
main engine generators will be supplied from the gas pipeline through a fuel gas
treatment package. For black start and emergency services minimum 1 diesel engine
driven generator will be installed additionally.
Exhaust gases from the stack of the CS will be used to run the turbine instead to release
into the ambient air. Turbine will run the generator and generator will ultimately supply
electricity power to the CS.
3.4.6 Electrical Installations
Electrical installations will be in accordance with International Electrochemical
Commission (IEC) standards. An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) will be provided to
support essential and emergency supplies. Switchgear and UPS will be housed in air
conditioned switchgear rooms.
The following electrical systems will be installed:
Medium Voltage;
Low voltage;
Emergency power supply;
UPS;
Earthing and lightning protection;
Building installations;
Outdoor lighting;
Hazardous area installations; and
Station CP System (on hold).
3.4.7 Compression Station Operation
The CSs will be considered to be permanently manned installations with the ability to be
controlled from their local control rooms or from remote by Supervisiory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) system, located in Central Control Centre (CCC). However;
unmanned operation will be considered as a sensitivity analysis of hi-tech design.
3.4.8 Pipeline Operation and Control
The overall control scheme will be based on management of gas pressure and flow
within the pipeline system. It is envisaged that the required flow through the pipeline
system will be determined in advance by a nomination procedure that requires SSGC
and SNGPL to nominate a required supply in accordance with the terms of their
respective sales agreements.
Facilities will be provided at CS3 to allow supply of gas at the predetermined volumetric
controlled rate into the two national gas grid systems of SSGC and SNGPL which vary in
pressure to an upper limit which must not be exceeded. The facilities will be part of the
metering stations and in the form of pressure reduction packages typically in accordance
with IGE/TD/13 that utilizes two or more trains comprising of two pressure control valves
plus a slam shut isolation valve in series to give high reliability and availability.
The pipeline system will be monitored and controlled from the CCC located at CS3 at KM
780 near Shaheed Benazirabad. A Backup Control Centre (BCC), identical as functions
with CCC, will have the same facilities to monitor and control the complete pipeline
system. It will be located at CS1 near Iran-Pakistan border.
To support the operation and control of the complete pipeline SCADA and
telecommunication systems will be installed.
The control system at each CS will include Station Control System (SCS) for station
process control and monitoring, an independent Firel-Safety System (FSS) for station
safety (ESD and F&G), security control system (Intruder detection, CCTV plant
surveillance), and Telecom facilities (radio and telephone such as PA/GA, PABX, PSTN).
Communication and information transmission to pipeline SCADA system will be achieved
through local interfaces to SCADA and Fibre Optic Cable (FOC) network along to the
pipeline track up to CCC.
For all the other unmanned stations along the pipeline (BV and pigging stations) field
data acquisition and telemetry will be done by using Remote Terminal Units (RTU).
These RTUs will be incorporated all the control and monitoring functions related to the
station safety in case of communication lost with the pipeline SCADA system from CCC.
Complete redundancy of critical equipment and systems will be incorporated to provide a
continuous and safe pipeline operation.
3.4.9 Compressor Station 1 (CS1)
CS1 will be located at KM 8 of the IP Pipeline near the Iran-Pakistan border.
The design of the compressors will be based on maximum throughput of 30 MMSCMD
with a minimum suction pressure of 52.8 barg (delivery pressure at border 55 barg) and
a discharge pressure of 94.6 barg.
CS1 will be equipped with 4+1 compression trains in parallel configuration. The
compressors are gas turbine driven. Calculation indicates the selection of ISO 7.5 Mega
Watt (MW) class gas turbines.
CS2 will be located at KM 343 of the IP Pipeline north east of Ormara.
The design of the compressors is based on maximum throughput of 30 MMSCMD with a
minimum suction pressure of approx. 74.0 barg and a discharge pressure of 94.6 barg.
CS2 will be equipped with 2+1 compression trains in parallel configuration. The com-
pressors are gas turbine driven. Calculation indicates the selection of ISO 6.1 MW class
gas turbines.
CS3 will be located at KM 780 of the IP Pipeline near Shaheed Benazirabad. This station
is a combined compressor and fiscal metering station.
The design of the compressors will be based on maximum throughput of 30 MMSCMD
with a minimum suction pressure of approx. 68.9 barg and a maximum discharge
pressure of 90.0 barg.
CS3 will be equipped with 3+1 compression trains in parallel configuration. The com-
pressors are gas turbine driven. Calculation indicates the selection of ISO 4 MW class
gas turbines.
For the connection to the SSGC network a by-pass is foreseen if the supply pressure
into the SSGC grid does not require additional compression at CS3 Shaheed
Benazirabad and supply can be performed directly from the IP Pipeline.
3.5 Pigging Stations
The layout of a Pigging Station (PS), combined with a valve station is illustrated in
Figure 3.4:.
Pig launcher/receivers will be installed at KM 0 (PS1), KM 177 (PS2), KM 553 (PS3), and
CSs (CS1, CS2 and CS3). Pigging will be executed by local manual operation. Beside
pig launcher and pig receiver each pigging station will be equipped with a line BV. This
construction allows future extensions of the system.

Figure 3.4: General Layout of Combined Pigging and BV Station
3.6 Block Valve Stations
The main purpose of the BVSs is to enable the Operator to sectionalize the pipeline in
case of necessity. These necessities can be leakages along the cross-country pipeline,
maintenance and refurbishment, test runs, etc. The pipeline will be equipped with 26
BVSs to enable the Operator to sectionalize the pipeline in case of necessity. Tentative
location of BVSs is given below:

A BV will be used to isolate a segment of the main pipeline. On cross-country pipeline
systems, BVs are typically located as per ASME B 31.8 along pipeline to limit the amount
of piping that may need to be depressurized for tie-ins, maintenance and to reduce the
amount of gas that would be lost in the event of a line break.
Each BVs has its own control and monitoring system RTU which is re-mote controlled by
the SCADA system from CCC.
These stations consist of BVs along the pipeline (to isolate the pipeline in case of
accidents) and a secondary pipe system (bypass) designed to balance pres-sures when
reopening the valve.
The BV is a full bore ball valve according to API 6D, and equipped with gas-hydraulic or
electro-hydraulic actuators.
Power supply of the BVS is foreseen by a solar power system including batteries backed
up with a small portable diesel generator (with day tank for its 24 hours continuous op-
eration at rated load).
Valves will be buried, and the actuator will be installed above ground in a secure fenced
compound. General layout of the BVS is illustrated in Figure 3.5.

Figure 3.5: General Layout of BV Station
Block valve
Stations at
RDs
32,48,64,80,
96, 112,145
Block valve
Stations at
RDs
208,238

Block valve
Stations at
RDs
263,292

Block valve
Stations at
RDs
311,380
Block valve
Stations at
RDs
405,435,46
6
Block
valve
Stations
at RDs
497,523
Block valve
Stations at
RDs
584,601,632
,667,692
Block
valve
Station
at RD
722
Block valve
Stations at
RDs
732,763
3.7 Project Description Construction
3.7.1 Pipeline General construction method
The pipeline construction is in general a linear construction, where several work
sequences are following each other, which are basically described herein. However due
to difficult topography, river and road crossings, particular conditions like swamp etc, this
regular linear work needs adjustment or specific and separate work approach for special
sections. The total time required for the construction of pipeline is approximately 425
days. The following items give a brief overview of typical work approaches required on a
cross country pipeline:
a) Regular, open cross country areas: In these areas a well organized and managed
sequence of the different works can be established. Once the pipeline spread is set
up and the works of each sequence are close following each other, the progress of
the works is substantially defined by the speed of the welding crew, which is an
automatic welding crew considering good international practice. It shall be stated that
the main challenge of the regular section is an optimized management of the single
work steps to reach a continuous work flow and a short distance between the crews
which is important to optimize the transport and camp logistics.
b) Sections with increased difficulty irregular topography: Sections with irregular
topography, where the use of automatic welding is not anymore economically
feasible smaller spreads with manual welding are commonly used the set up of such
mini spreads depend on the actual local conditions.
c) Crossings: Major crossings require separate crews which are performing the crossing
as a separate work unit. The main impact on the pipeline works are caused by:
Road and railroad crossings; and
River crossings.
d) Depending on the length and importance of the crossed obstacle specific work
methods have to be applied..
e) Special points: Special points are considered sections where special crews are
mobilized to perform the pipeline construction in a distinct area and/or where specific
construction methods are applied (e.g. Microtunnel). Typically special point
approaches are required for:
Steep slopes;
Swamps (not applicable for IP pipeline); and
Dense urban areas (not applicable for IP pipeline).
3.7.1.1 Pipeline Construction Sequence
Pipeline construction is typically divided in the following sequence of work:
Staking out;
ROW preparation;
Stringing;
Bending;
Welding;
NDT;
Field joint coating;
Trenching;
Lowering;
Backfilling;
Hydrostatic testing;
Cleaning, Calliper Pigging Drying;
Reinstatement; and
Commissioning.
The sequence is in principle the same in all areas, but differs mainly in the time and
techniques needed to complete construction in the respective area.
3.7.1.2 Spread Technique
The basic method of constructing pipelines is generally known as the spread technique.
The spread technique utilizes the principles of the production line system but in the case
of a pipeline the product (the pipeline) is static and the individual work force (crews)
move along the pipeline track RoW.
As the pipeline construction is like a production line it is essential that the time periods
between crews is such that there is no risk of one crew causing stoppage or disruption to
the subsequent crew. The construction work flow of all crews is to be managed on a
continuous basis with the emphasis placed on the daily moving in order to maintain the
construction pace and ultimately the time schedule. Disruption of the construction work
flow of crews may result in substantial delay and standby costs.
Proper management of the resources, planning of works, integration of the planning of
special crews, etc. is a crucial aspect to be well performed to achieve a smooth
sequence of work without disruption and avoiding large distances between the single
work items.
Each pipeline spread installation is undertaken by dedicated crews undertaking one
operation at a time commencing at one end of the pipeline section and travelling forward
to the other end. The progress of the crews is up to 1,000m per day, in average the
current IP concept foresees a progress of the regular crew of ca. 750 m/day.
3.7.2 IP-Specific Construction Methods
The pipeline construction for the IP Pipeline shall be performed in 3 Lots:
Lot A: KM 0 approx. KM 343 (CS2)
Lot B: KM 343 (CS2) - approx. KM 584 (BVS 19)
Lot C KM 584 (BVS 19) approx. KM 780 (CS3 Shaheed Benazirabad)
The Lots are considered to be set up as independent construction organizations, it
should be possible to contract these lots to separated companies, or, if a strong joint
venture is formed, all 3 or 2 lots might be assigned to one single joint venture.
The subdivision of the Lots has been based on the consideration that one lot can be
constructed by one regular spread, considering use of automatic welding machines. It
shall be noted that Lot C is not seen as a regular lot due to the crossing of the Kirthar
Ranges on a length of ca. 100km. The length of the lots is considering the difficulties for
construction. Flat sections trigger longer lots, difficult and mountain sections have shorter
lot-lengths.
3.7.2.1 Lot A
Lot A having a total length of 343km has been located mainly in flat terrain, allowing
straight forward pipeline construction without large impact due to major crossings or
difficult topography or geology. Due to this reason Lot A is the longest lot. The current
plan is that the construction will be performed in regular section by 1 (one) spread. The
construction period from start of ROW activities until finalization of backfill has been
planned with 13.5 months. This schedule requires a daily progress of the regular spread
of ca. 750 m/day, assuming that ca. 25% of the length will be performed by separate
crews (crossings, tie in sections, etc.). The indicated progress is feasible for an
experienced contractor with a well organized automatic welding crew and well managed
sequence of the single work crews of typical pipeline construction.
After completion of the backfill works 3 months are foreseen for finalization of hydro-test,
calliper pigging, potential repair and drying. 1/2 month is foreseen as float in the current
schedule.
The total manpower requirement in this section has been estimated with a maximum of
600 - 700 persons. For the accommodation it is foreseen that a central base will be
erected in the area of Gwadar with 3 smaller camps to accommodate the working crews
along the route to optimize transportation / logistics for the construction process.
Considering well organized construction it is foreseen that only 2 of the construction
camps are operated simultaneously.
Main crossings and special sections Lot A
Road Crossings:
Lot A contains NOs. 10 crossings of the MCH category RDX1 (National Roads
having asphalt or concrete road surface-Lane; can be single or double or any).
These crossings are foreseen as bored crossing with auger boring methodology. It
has been planned to install directly the product pipe without casing; and
The remaining road crossings are of minor importance and it is planned to execute
crossing as open cut, considering a temporary deviation of the roads, in order to
allow circulation of the population.
River Crossings
Lot A contains 2 river crossings category RVX1 (large river / irrigation channel
crossing greater than or equal to 100m width, continuous flow all the year), with
crossing lengths of ca. 140, ca 180m respectively. It has been planned to execute
the crossings as open cut, the pipe installation could be performed in the dry
season with a chain of side booms. An alternative would be to float-in the pipe
string. Final construction methodology shall be selected by the Engineering
Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contractor;and
The remaining crossings of water runs are mainly nullahs, which are seasonally
dry. The crossing of the nullahs is foreseen as open cut in the dry season. The
larger nullah crossings are planned to be executed as separate crossings
considering inclination of river banks and concrete coating. The smaller nullahs can
be executed by the regular pipeline spread just considering increased depth of
cover and (in situ) concrete coating.
Special Sections:
No special sections are identified in Lot A. Some badlands areas would require an
increased effort for the RoW preparation without being considered as special
section.
3.7.2.2 Lot B
Lot B has a total length of approx. 241km and is considered partly flat, partly hilly terrain,
with some special sections in the Hingol Park and some larger river crossings. Due to
more difficult working environment the progress of the regular spread (automatic welding
crew) is assumed with ca. 500 m/day.
Regarding the schedule and workforce reference is made to Lot A. In Lot B it is foreseen
that besides one main camp a second construction camp will be required for optimizing
the transport logistics.
Main crossings and special sections Lot B
Road Crossings:
Lot B contains #7 highway crossings category RDX 1 with #6, on the MCH and one
on the N25 RCD Highway. The crossing of both highways is foreseen as bored
crossing with auger boring methodology. It has been planned to install directly the
product pipe without casing. However; for 3 of the MCH crossings in the narrow
area of the Buzi pass an open cut methodology might be coordinated by the
contractor with the road authorities ensuring construction of a deviation road for
uninterrupted traffic; and
The remaining road crossings are of minor importance and it has been planned to
execute crossings as open cut, considering a temporary deviation of the roads, in
order to allow circulation of the population.
River Crossings:
Lot B contains one river crossing category RVX1, the crossing of the Hingol River,
with crossing length of ca. 130m. It has been planned to execute the crossings as
open cut. The pipe installation could be performed in the dry season with a chain of
side booms. An alternative would be to float-in the pipe string. Final construction
methodology has to be selected by the EPC Contractor.
The remaining crossings of water runs are mainly nullahs, which are seasonally
dry. The crossing of the nullahs is foreseen as an open cut in the dry season. The
larger nullah crossings have been planned to be executed as separate crossings,
considering inclination of river banks and concrete coating. The smaller nullahs can
be executed by the regular pipeline spread just considering increased depth of
cover and (in situ) concrete coating.
Special Sections:
Hingol Park KM 386 400
The special section in the Hingol Park area is dominated by a very rugged and
fractures mountainous topography. The subsoil is consolidated fine grained
material, which is very susceptible to erosion, so that erosion protection plays a
key role for the pipeline construction.
The special section starts with difficult topographic terrain in vicinity of the MCH
where ca. 1.5km are located very close to the road, with 3 highway crossings. Due
to the difficult and restricted area the crossing method should be coordinated with
the road authorities depending on EPC Contractors construction strategy. It is
being assumed that open cut would be preferable, keeping in mind that minimum
one lane should be kept operable or deviated so that traffic on the MCH is
permanently maintained.
After the road section a steep and extremely rugged slope has to be followed,
where it is required to excavate and grade a suitable ROW. Large excavation work
will be required to create suitable ROW in the original soil without placing the
pipeline in fill material. Erosion protection of the pipe trench and the entire ROW
will be a key focus of the construction work in this area; and
Rugged terrain KM 573 584
Rugged terrain in this area is requiring an increase effort for ROW preparation and
might require a manual welding crew depending on ROW construction philosophy
of the Contractor.
3.7.2.3 Lot C
Lot C represents the most challenging section of the pipeline construction with the
highlights of the mountainous area in the Kirthar range and the Indus River crossing. In
Lot C it is foreseen that only the flat area downstream the Kirthar range (ca. km 705) up
to the end point CS3 in Shaheed Benazirabad can be performed with a regular
(automatic welding pipeline crew (ca. 70km). In this section it has been planned to have
the central base camp for Lot C.
Main crossings and special sections-Lot C
Special Section Kirthar Ranges:
The Kirthar Ranges are dominated by rugged terrain and steep ridges which are running
in North South direction and have to be crossed with the pipeline. Between the ridges
the area is undulated, hilly, with difficult access and following key considerations should
be adopted:
Steep slopes:
In total 5 areas are identified specifically as steep slope areas, which are the ridges
at ca. RD 593 - 596, RD 637 - 640, RD 656 662, RD 672 681, RD 703 707.
These areas require special teams for the preparation of the ROW and the
trenching and pipe installation. Special attention has to be put on the safe
execution of the works, mainly regarding safeguarding the equipment working in
the steep slopes (securing by heavy guy ropes, etc.). Regarding the installation of
the pipes themselves, the ditch breakers, padding & bedding material 2 techniques
may be used, either transport by cable car (preferred safe) of installation via
sledges from the top of the ridge;
Special care has to be taken for the erosion protection of the pipe trench by
installation of ditch breakers and for the erosion protection of the slope itself by
installation of heavy rip rap; and
For the 5 steep slope areas it is envisaged that in total 3 special crews will be
required, where 2 crews are foreseen to perform 2 slope areas each, one crew is
dedicated to only one slope area. It is being expected that for the construction of
one special slope section a time period of ca. 4-5 months will be required.
Kirthar between the steep slope areas:
The area of the Kirthar Ranges which are not part of the dedicated steep slope
areas are rugged, hilly terrain, with difficult access. It is foreseen that these areas
will be constructed by so called mini-spreads, which have reduced number of
equipment compared to the regular spreads and are using manual welding. These
mini spreads are foreseen to work with an average progress of 300m per day. The
sections to be covered by the mini spreads are:
- S1: RD 585 593
- S2: RD 596 637
- S3: RD 640 - 656
- S4: RD 662 672
- S5: RD 681 703
It is planned that in total 3 Mini Spreads (MS) will be required, MS 1 shall perform
sections S1 and S3, MS 2 section S2 and MS 3 is foreseen for the sections S4 and
S5. However it shall be noted that this is an estimate and that the definition of work
forces, strategy and methodology entirely depends on the EPC Contractor; and
Special care has to be taken for the erosion protection of the pipe trench by
installation of ditch breakers and for the erosion protection of the slope itself by
installation of heavy rip rap and proper water diversion with rock berms and
channels.
Indus River Crossings:
The crossing of the Indus River is a further critical item in Lot C pipeline
construction. The crossing is located in the area of a new bridge under
construction; with embankment dams which are reducing the Indus flood area, so
that the crossing length is foreseeable and manageable. The current bridge project
foresees a width of 1.3km for the river bed between the embankments. This length
is also the basis for the evaluation of crossing methodology for the pipeline
crossing; and
The pipeline cossing methodology has been extensively discussed and completely
analyzed with the conclusion that the above ground crossing on a separate pipe
bridge is the preferred solution. The pipe bridge consists of 2 piles for each
support, the pile cap and the pile supports mounted on top of the pile caps. On the
onshore part of both the ends an expansion loop should be provided.
Road Crossings:
Lot C contains #4 highway crossings (category RDX 1), namely Indus Highway,
Indus road on left river bank, Qazi A to Shaheed Benazirabad road, and the MCH.
The crossing of these highways is foreseen as bored crossing with auger boring
methodology. It has been planned to install directly the product pipe, without
casing;
The remaining road crossings are of minor importance and it has been planned to
execute crossing as open cut, considering a temporary deviation of the roads, in
order to allow circulation of the population.
Railway Crossings:
Lot C contains 3 railway crossings which shall be performed with thrust boring with
casing pipes. The description of these crossings is given below:
Single Track-RWX-2 (single track railway) at RD 722;
Single Track-RWX-2 at RD 739; and
Single Track-RWX-2 at RD 765.6.
River Crossings & Irrigation Channels:
Lot C contains 3 river crossings category RVX1, which are 3 crossings of the Hub
River in the Kirthar Range. The crossing lengths are ca. 100m, 180m, and 130m. It
has been planned to execute the crossings as open cut, the pipe installation could
be performed in the dry season with a chain of side booms. An alternative would
be to float-in the pipe string. Construction methodology has to be selected by the
EPC Contractor; and
In addition to river crossings several important irrigation channels have to be
crossed in the area between the Indus crossing and CS3 in Shaheed Benazirabad.
Several of these channels shall be executed as auger boring, they are in operation
nearly the whole year, except a period of 1-2 months where maintenance is
performed, so that open cut crossing is not permitted. The detailed definition which
channels have to be crossed by boring and which can be crossed by open cut in a
limited time window needs coordination with the irrigation authorities.
3.7.3 Organization and Sizes of Pipeline Spreads
The following section outlines the equipment requirements for a typical pipeline spread,
which are use as basis for the definition of the pipeline lots, the planned schedule and
progress.
The organization of the pipeline spreads is dominated by a smooth sequence of the
different work packages for the pipeline construction. In order to keep the transport
logistics and the camp installation efficient, the different work steps shall be followed in
short distance / timing each other to keep the pipeline construction in compact shape,
restricted and controlled length. This prerequisite for an efficient construction requires
the following key management functionalities:
Efficient construction and resource management;
Proper planning of the work sequence with resourcing and material/equipment
planning; and
Proper work preparation for all activities.
The following section indicated the key equipment requirements for a typical main
spread, which are seen as a kind of minimum requirements.
Step 1: ROW preparation
4 Dozers, Cat D8 or equivalent;
6 Excavators, Cat 235 or equivalent; and
1 Grader.
Step 2: Stinging
10 Trucks 6 x 4; and
4 Mobile cranes.
Step 3: Bending
2 Bending machines; and
4 Side booms.
Step 4: Welding & NDT
4 Automatic welding spread;
6 Paywelders (with 4 welding services);
4 Side booms;
1 Excavator; and
1 Automatic Ultrasonic Testing equipment (6 x 4 mounted cabin).
Step 5: Trenching
6 Excavators, Cat 240 (40 tons) or equivalent;
Step 6: Lowering;
6 Side booms Cat 594 (60 tons) or equivalent; and
2 welding services (4 welders).
Step 7: Tie-Ins
Use of lowering crew (part time) in addition required:
2 x 2 side booms; and
2 x 2 welding sources (2 x 2 welders).
Step 8: Bedding & Padding
Mobile sieving plant; and
2 Payloaders Cat 966 or equivalent.
Step 9: Backfill
2 Dozers, Cat D8 or equivalent; and
3 Excavators Cat 235 or equivalent.
Step 10: Reinstatement
4 Excavators Cat 235 or equivalent; and
Smaller size equipment (e.g. tractors) for reinstatement in agricultural areas.
The above mentioned list includes key equipment only. For the execution of the works
and transport logistics several bulk equipment (generator, grinder, cutter, welding
equipment, etc), vehicles for staff and material transport etc. are required.
The staffing of a pipeline lot, including management, administration, engineering etc. has
been estimated in the order of 600 700 persons.
3.8 Compressor StationsDescription of Construction Works
3.8.1 Site Installation
The site installation works comprise the consolidation of surfaces intended for site
installations and of parking and storage areas (including all surfaces for all follow-up
contractors), the establishment or maintenance of drinking water supply and wastewater
disposal systems, the power supply up to the specified interface point (junction box), a
proper fencing of the entire construction site and the provision and maintenance of
collective safety services.
In addition to this, the entire site installation is to be provided and maintained for the
client's representative up to a pre-defined date. This does not include the office
containers and the accommodation for all follow-up contractors.
Upon completion of the works, the site installations are to be removed and the original
state of the surfaces is to be restored.
3.8.2 Reinforced Concrete Works in the Station Area
The following concrete works will have to be performed in the station area:
Foundations for gas coolers: The gas coolers will be mounted onto frost-free
individual foundations;
Foundations and bottom slab for filter separators: The filter separators will be
mounted onto concrete bases which will be connected by a frost-free strip
foundation. Between the two bases, a water-tight trough will be provided which
allows leaking condensate to be collected in the event of damage. The bottom slab
in the vicinity of the filter separators, may - for maintenance purposes - be used for
the placing of mobile collection trays;
Foundations for scraper traps which will be mounted onto concrete bases;
Foundations for diesel, oil and condensate tanks: The tanks will be mounted onto a
raft foundation and protected against uplift;
Various small foundations for pipe supports, valves and fittings, lighting poles, etc.;
Fence foundations: The fence system will be placed onto a frost-free continuous
strip foundation with a minimum width of 30cm; and
Shafts for valves and fittings: The rectangular shafts will be equipped with a pump
sump. The pump sump will be covered by a grating. Towards the pump sump,
sloping concrete with a gradient of at least 1% will be placed. In order to support
the valves and fittings, foundation supports will be provided. The shaft may be
accessed via a hot-dip galvanized steel ladder with extendible handrails. Next to
the shaft access, flush floor mount sleeves for the emergency hoist system shall be
cast into the concrete wall.
Underneath all reinforced concrete foundations and shafts listed above, a lean concrete
layer with a minimum thickness of 8cm will be provided.
3.8.3 Construction Sites
Construction site will include:
Temporary portable cabins for offices (for field engineering, construction, safety,
transportation, administration, tea room, kitchen, canteen, bathrooms, etc.);
Open storage yard;
Warehouse for materials that require protected environment and minor materials;
Shops for civil prefabrication, piping prefabrication, electrical and instrumentation
preparation & calibration works;
Vehicles maintenance shop;
Vehicles parking areas;
Access control office & facilities for vehicles and personnel;
Power generation;
Fuel & lubricants storage;
First aid office & ambulances area;
Portable bathrooms around site area;
Water storage; and
Wastewater collection and septic tanks for industrial construction facilities and for
accommodation camps.
3.8.3.1 Machinery
For site preparation at each location the following machinery will be required: tractors,
excavators, graders, payloaders, trucks, watering vehicles, soil compactors, pickups, etc.
During construction for civil and electromechanical works equipment like cranes, trucks,
payloaders, welding equipment, basic metal and wood shop machinery, painting
equipment, pickups, submersible pumps for rain water draining, etc. will be required.
Depending on availability in the area it may also be required to install temporary concrete
plant if concrete is not available from existing facilities at an adequate distance from the
CSs. For all other works, no specialized equipment is foreseen.
3.8.3.2 Workers
People will live in two accommodation areas at each construction location, one for staff
and one for labour, with separate access and security arrangements.
3.8.4 Wastewater System
3.8.4.1 Sanitary Sewer System
In Pakistan septic tanks are normally used that require service from time to time to
remove their content and keep their operational capacity during the construction period.
The operational CSs will be equipped with containarized sewage treatment plants,
cleaning the sewage water to acceptable standards, before being released to the
environment, respectively re-used for irrigation application.
3.8.4.2 Partially Oil-Contaminated Wastewater
The hose connections at the washing area in the vicinity of the compressor building and
in the workshop building are provided to clean the areas in question. A pollution of these
areas can only occur in case of a manipulation or in case of a damage of the respective
system component. The affected areas are protected by a roof and do not come into
contact with any storm water. The wastewater is collected in oil-tight pump sumps and/or
collecting tanks. These pump sumps are then emptied by the concerned department of
CS and the wastewater will be disposed of properly.
Water Supply
Fresh water for drinking purposes will be arranged for the residents of all the stations
meeting the national as well as WHO guidelines. For CS1 and CS2 water will be
supplied through extension of existing water schemes from Akra Kaur Dam and Ormara
schemes respectively. For CS3 groundwater will be extracted for water supply. All three
CSs will have water treatment facilities.
3.8.5 Station Piping, Station Cabling
For all pipe-laying works (trench excavation, pipe bedding, backfilling and surface
restoration) and all cable-laying works (excavation, cable bedding, backfilling), the civil
engineering works are to be performed.
The bellholes, which will be needed for welding and insulation works, are to be
considered during the excavation works. The underground required pipes will have to be
embedded in stone-free material.
The pipes will be laid from the tie-in points at the three main pipelines to the new scraper
traps, to the new compressor units and back.
The cables will mainly be laid between the electrical building and the compressor
buildings and to the remote-controlled valves and lighting facilities.
All civil engineering works (trenching, stone-free embedding, and backfilling) for heating
and water pipes, drainage pipes as well as fire-fighting pipes are to be performed.
3.8.6 Station Elevation
The CSs location place has been selected in flat or slightly undulated terrains, requiring
reduced earthworks for site preparation. Balance between cut and fill volumes are
expected for CS1 and CS2 not so significant volumes of material has to be brought from
external location.
In the case of CS3 it is required to bring soil from external borrow pit location in order to
increase the station elevation as well as the access road to avoid possible damage to the
station during possible floods of Indus River and to ensure access to the station from
local existing road.
During construction, a backfilling and compaction in layers will be done at all stations
area in ordered to ensure required hanging capacity for all the facilities to be installed
later on during erection of the stations.
All stations will be required to execute drainage channels as well as slope stabilization,
including revegetation, rip-rap works, etc. in order to protect the stations during heavy
rain events.
3.8.7 Station Roads
Access roads to the CSs (CS1, CS2 and CS3) will be from the existing roads. Stations
CS1 and CS2 access will be from MCH. In the case of CS3 the access will be from an
existing road located south of the station.
3.9 Construction Camps and Dumping Sites
During the lifecycle of a large scale project, there is an immediate need for
accommodating all the workers that would be either hired locally or introduced from other
regions for the construction phase. Thus, among various other activities and facilities of
the project during construction phase there will also be presence of Construction Camps
(CCs) and Dump Sites (DS) along the pipeline route so that line pipes and other
machinery is easily accessible at site at the time of construction works. There will be 13
CCs in total, with 4 main Camps, 6 Mini Camps and 3 CSs Camps. Due to good
condition and suitability of MCH for logistical purposes, which runs parallel to route
alignment from start point (RD 0) to Uthal (RD 550), 3 main camps, 3 mini camps with 2
CS camps have been proposed along this section of MCH (water and other utilities are
readily available) near the towns of Gabd, Gwadar, Pasni, Ormara, Aghor and Uthal.
Whilst the remaining camps include one main camp at Amri near Indus River, 3 mini
camps at Dureji, Sandh,Bajara and a CS camp at Shaheed Benazirabad keeping in view
the water and other utilities availability. The total average number of workers at all the
CCs for the project was estimated between ca. 2000 and 3050. The total time for
pipeline construction will be ca. 425 days. The proposed locations, offset distance from
the pipeline ROW, area required and the expected workforce at each CC has been
provided in tabulated form in the Table 3.3 below and Table 3.4 shows the details for
each DS.
The variety of issues related with development of such CC sites and DS include but are
not limited to; i) changes in land use (due to heavily congested group of buildings); ii)
changes in habitat quality and effects on abundance of biodiversity; iii) large amounts of
excavated soil; iv) waste generated from mess and sanitary facilities; v) social issues like
spread of disease; vi) strains on transport infrastructure; vii) reduction in local water
resources and quality etc. Once the construction phase is completed all these CCs and
DS will be removed and the land will be reinstated to pre-construction state. Other
measures involve proper disposal or treatment of waste (off-site), good management and
storage of spoils, availability of medical facilities and provision of security services
among others at each of the CCs site.
Sr.
No
Camp Type RD Offset (m) Area
(Hectares)
Workforce
1 Compressor Station (CS1) Camp 8 525 4 600-700
2 Main Construction Camp 72 5852 8.9 300-500
3 Mini Construction Camp 186 1807 4 100-150
Table 3.3: Construction Camps Details
Sr. No. Dump Site RD Offset (m) Area (Hectares)
1 D1 14 1240 6
2 D2 72 5834 6
3 D3 186 4200 6
4 D4 308 528 6
5 D5 427 2110 6
6 D6 525 2815 6
7 D7 583 8848 6
8 D8 631 4267 6
9 D9 722 20105 6
10 D10 740 9679 6
Table 3.4: Dumping Sites Details
3.10 Alternatives
3.10.1 No-Project Option
Pakistan as a rapidly developing nation has a diverse economy that includes textile,
chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. The economy has suffered
in the past from energy crises, fast growing population and security issues due to
ongoing confrontation with tribal areas. The total investment has declined from 22.5% of
the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2006-07 to 13.4% of GDP in 2010-11 (source:
Pakistan Economic Survey 2010-11; Economic Advisers Wing, Finance Division,
Government of Pakistan, Islamabad).
For the last few years, the country has been experiencing a serious energy crisis and
unfortunately no steps have been taken to counter the crisis by installing power
generation units, construction of hydroelectrical power stations including the small
hydropower stations. The demand exceeds supply and hence load-shedding is a
common phenomenon through frequent power shutdowns. Pakistan needs about 14000-
15000 MW electricity per day and the demand increased to approximately 20,000 MW
per day in 2010. The current figures of power generation in the country cannot cope the
required demand and the country facing a shortfall of about 3000-4000 MW per day
which is consequently badly affecting industry, commerce and daily life of people.
Considering above, the Government of Pakistan (GoP) is taking all possible measures to
conserve energy at all levels and use all available sources to enhance production ratios
of energy. One of the ways is to import energy from Iran and Central Asian Republics
and using indigenous sources such as, hydro-power, coal, wind and solar power as well
as other alternate and renewable energy sources.
The major sources and distribution of energy consumption in Pakistan are given in the
Figure: 3.6.

Figure 3.6: Major Sources and Distribution of Energy Consumption in Pakistan, Obtained
from WAPDAs Web site under Energy Mix of Pakistan.
About 43% of oil consumption is utilized in industry (Pakistan Economic survey 2010-11)
because of the shortage of electricity and natural gas which are the cheaper and cleaner
source of energy as compared to oil. Utilizing of expensive products of oil for power
generation in the industry is affecting the Pakistans economy very badly. Water and
Power Development Authority (WAPDA) is vigorously carrying out feasibility studies and
engineering design for various hydropower projects but these projects takes 10-12 years
to become fully operative (source: WAPDA Annual Report 2008-09). In these circumstances
import of natural gas through pipelines is the most suitable solution of addressing the
energy crisis of the country.
According to the WB estimates, the gas imports will represent almost 67 per cent of
natural gas supply in 2025. One can, therefore, gauge the quantum of shortage in case
import pipelines are not materialized. Pakistans gas reserves are 32.8 Trillion Cubic
Foot (TCF) at present. Currently, natural gas supplies 49 percent of Pakistans energy
needs. Pakistan is looking to increase its gas production to support increasing
consumption through Pipelines from Iran and Turkmenistan. Currently, Pakistan ranks
third in the world for use of natural gas as a motor fuel, behind Brazil and Argentina. In
addition, Pakistan hopes to make gas on a fuel of choice for future electric power
generation projects.
Under the no-project alternative, gas would not be transported to markets in Pakistan.
No action on gas importation would mean a lack of a viable energy solution limiting
economic growth. Advantages and disadvantages of the No-Project option are provided
in Table 3.5. Given the advantages and disadvantages summarized in the table, the No-
Project option is not the preferred option because it does not help to alleviate the
immediate energy resource demands of Pakistans economy.
While the No-Project option does avoid the negative environmental impacts expectedly
to be generated with proposed project this does not justify the socio-economic and
environmental benefits to the country and the local public.
Project Alternative Advantages Disadvantages
No-Project The land within ROW would otherwise
be occupied by the pipeline would
continue remain available for the
locals to utilize for agricultural
activities or for other purposes.
With the reduced land acquisition the
likelihood of locals displacement will
be reduced.
No increase in the negative
environmental impacts such as loss of
habitats, disturbance in the protected
areas and wildlife sanctuaries. Less
contamination of water, soil due to
construction activities. Less erosion
problems and no danger to the wildlife
and natural vegetation.
Lack of energy resources for
Pakistan (import of gas
through pipeline will boost
the economic growth).
Cleaner fuel (natural gas)
would not replace fuel oil in
power plants.
Finally other solutions of
meeting energy crisis may be
implemented and would
enhance the negative
environmental impacts with
lower benefits for Pakistan.
Table 3.5: No-Project Advantages and Disadvantages
Gas load shedding is most likely the one of the major economic crises in Pakistan. For
past many months this has generated a chaos in public and many serious protest in the
various parts of the country emerged.
Throughout the country, closure of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) at the filling stations
has deprived the consumers of the facility, directly putting extra burden on the their
pockets and around by half the sale of gas kits and investment program. In this regard,
protests emerged in all the four provinces of Pakistan. Public demanded through the
protests on the road to ensure the supply of gas at the filling stations.
It has been observed that due to low gas pressure, domestic consumers are facing acute
problems in their routine life. Lot of protests were conducted in this connection by the
public and clearly stated that natural gas as the only affordable source of energy for
them in view of unprecedented hike in prices of daily use items. Provincial Governments
such as Balochistan has already passed a resolution in the assembly and pushed the
concerned department to end gas loadshedding. Public and other private sectors
requested the government to reset its priority regarding the supply of gas as the industry
is facing serious problems in terms of production.
Various protests were held in the province of Balochistan for loadshedding and areas
located in the north of the province are usually in the grip of severe cold during the winter
and people badly need an uninterrupted supply of natural gas. Similar type of protests
were held in other provinces. In consideration of above, if IP- gas pipeline is not
implemented problems will further be aggravated and Pakistan will enter into a stage of
serious energy crises.
GoP can only solve the above problems by initiating the import of gas from other
countries.
3.10.2 Previous Corridors and Current Route Selection
The first route study conducted in the past by SNGPL to determine COI. Consequently,
in order to narrow down the COI, two routes namely Central and Coastal were
considered for further studies. The Central route initiates near Panjgaur at the western
border of Pakistan passing through Khuzdar and continues to Shahdadkot and Sukkur.
The Coastal Route starts at the western border of Pakistan near Seiroki and passes
through Kappar, Shanzoi, Uthal, Hyderabad, and travels all the way to Monabao in close
proximity to the MCH.
During August 2006 and April 2007, NESPAK conducted a route selection study that was
based on the initially developed 2 Project Corridors Central Route and Coastal Route
from SNGPL and developed in agreement with ISGS a third Project Corridor MID
Route.
These Project Corridors were analysed on desktop, focusing on determining parameters
of different disciplinary i.e. Construction, Environmental & Social, Operation &
Maintenance and Hazards which effect the installation and subsequent maintenance of
the pipeline. These parameters were than translated to a cost surface on which a route
analysis was run using the latest Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques and
algorithms.
As result of the analysis of the three corridors the following eleven routes have been
developed.
1. Central-1: Initiating near Pakistan Iran Border the route passes through Panjgur,
Kharran, Khuzdar, Dadu, Larkana, Khairpur, Sukkur, Ghotki districts.
2. Central-1B: Like Central-1, Central-1B has an identical route but at Wahan it splits
from Central-1 towards Ghari (town) passing close to Shahdadkot, Ratodero and
joins Central-1 near Sukkur.
3. MID-A1: It follows the MCH up to Pasni where it moves northward passing via Manro,
Goth Harun, Goth Nimi, Kanoj Sawru.
4. MID-B1 (889km): The route passes through Panjgur, Awaran, Lesbela, Karachi West,
Malir, Dadu, Thatta, Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas, Umarkot and Tharparkar districts.
5. MID-C (798km): It follows Mid-B1 up to the intersection of Mid-B1 and Mid-A1. Then it
follows route Mid-A1 up to the river Indus vicinity. Thereafter it follows a least cost
path to Pakistan-India border just below the Nara Desert.
6. Coastal-1 (1036): Route Coastal-1 passes through Gwadar, Kech, Lesbela, Malir,
Dadu, Thatta, Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas, Dadu and Tharparkar districts.
7. Central-2 (728): Route passes through Panjgur, Kharran, Khuzdar, Larkana,
Shikarpur, Sukkur districts. The route is quite similar to Central-1B up to Nawa Goth,
where it follows a straighter path since it passes through the environmentally
sensitive/protected area whereas route Central -1 and Central-1B are totally avoiding
this area.
8. MID-B2 (844): It passes through Pnajgur, Awaran, Lesbela, Malir, Dadu, Hyderabad,
Mirpurkhas, Umarkot and Tharparkar districts.
9. Coastal-2 (1010km): It passes through Gwadar, Awaran, Lesbela, Malir, Dadu,
Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas, Umerkot and Tharparkar districts.
10. Central -3 (731): It passes through Panjgur, Kharan, Khuzdar, Larkana, Shikarpur,
Khairpur, Sukkur and Ghotki districts.
11. Coastal-3 (955): It passes through Gwadar, Lesbela, Awaran, Dadu, Malir, Thatta,
Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Umerkot districts.
The criteria of route analysis study focused on the cluster of Construction, Operation &
Maintenance (O&M), Environmental & Social and Hazards. Environmental parameters
considered in the route selection process included Protected Areas (PAs), ecological
resources including flora & fauna, hydrology, landscape, area of urban/rural density and
settlements, archaeological sites, forest, wetlands, water features including lakes,
reservoirs, protected marine lands including mangrove forest, fire hazards and gas
leakage, socioeconomic and cultural environment and enhanced employment
opportunities and livelihood.
Out of these eleven routes, three routes were shortlisted as COI which were
economically, technically and strategically most viable and had minimum adverse social
and environmental impacts on existing environment.
Central-1B;
Mid-C; and
Coastal-1.
Based on pre-selected COI (result of the NESPAK Study) ISGS performed further
evaluations, guided by the following aspects:
The end-point of the pipeline changed to the existing high-pressure gas pipeline
system near Shaheed Benazirabad, no further consideration of supply to India; and
The preference for the Coastal Route based on security considerations as focal
aspect.
As a result of the desktop evaluation by ISGS a combination of the routes Coastal-1
and Mid-C was selected for further study. The combination was to follow Coastal-1
route up to the point where Coastal-1 is at the shortest distance from route Mid-C
north-west of Uthal then following Mid-C.
When ILF Pakistan got involved in 2009, the selected COI was further evaluated under
the title Coastal Route - Alternative A.
During one of the presentations made by ILF Pakistan to ISGS in Lahore in May 2009 on
the progress of IP pipeline project, it was observed that the above referred Coastal
Route Alternative A (Coastal- 1/Mid-C) had been recommended primarily on account
of environmental constraint of HNP, as the Coastal-1 route supposed to bypass the HNP
on its northern side. However, when the actual boundaries of the park were received in
more detail, the Coastal-1-route was found being crossing the HNP with an approximate
length of 70km. It was suggested, that the extension of the COI along MCH up to its
junction with Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD) Highway should be
reviewed. This revised Corridor of Interest is primarily preferable from security point of
view this aspect has been a major decision factor in the selection process for the Coastal
Route.
Beyond its crossing with RCD highway, the COI shall move north east, bypassing the
KNP and then join existing Sui Southern Gas system north of Shaheed Benazirabad.
The above mentioned revised Coastal Route was developed by ILF along the Coastal
Highway, keeping as close to it as practicable. This route is referred to as Coastal Route
-Alternative B.
The Coastal Route Alternative B was selected due to security and logistics
considerations and represents the finally selected COI.
During desktop study of COI a large number of alternative routes were developed and
assessed for the most challenging areas. Many of the initially considered alternatives
had to be neglected, as they turned out being not feasible on basis of the above
mentioned constraints or being unfavourable due to constructability or additional length.


3.11 Route Alternatives (Inside COI)
Following alternatives have been assessed based on the features such as:
Steep slopes;
Potential tunnel sections;
Geohazards (flash flood, slope stability, rock fall, fault lines); and
Preferential routing from environmental point of view.
3.11.1 Miski Area
Between 190 km and 204 km the alternative Alt-190 takes off in easterly direction and
follows a side-nullah of Shadi Kaur up to the MCH Table 3.6.
Subject Preferred route Alternative
Length of route 14 km 11 km (3 km shorter)
Topography Approx 1.5 km undulating terrain Approx 1 km undulating terrain
Geology / geohazards
(note 1)
Relatively away from complex
seismic fault system along the coast
line
Route crosses area of complex
seismic fault system along the coast
line
Figure 3.7: Overview Map of selected Coastal Boute Alternative B

Settlements and
land use
Houses near km 191, 193, 196, 199
and 202
Houses near km 191 and 202
Accessibility, Security Jeepable track / Coastal Highway Jeepable track partly available
Environment No issues less environmentally disturbed area
Cultural No issues No issues
Waterways Route inside floodplain of
Shadi Kaur
Route inside meandering nullah Doki
Kaur
Foreign lines No issues No issues

Figure 3.8: Miski Area Alternative between 190km and 204km
The preferred route was selected as the geohazards and the accessibility/security have
been given the highest priority in this assessment.
3.11.2 Hingol National Park
At the approach to and inside HNP, a number of alternatives have been developed in
order to assess the feasibility especially of the decent from Buzi Pass to the lower
landscape. As described before, this descend; with its canyon-structure presents one of
the most challenging features of the IP-Pipeline. The alternatives are named:
Alt-362a: alternative Buzi Pass approach and crossing;
Alt-362b: alternative Buzi Pass approach and crossing;
Alt-378: alternative Hingol Park crossing including alternative Buzi Pass approach
and crossing; and
Alt-427: alternative alignment at Hingol River.
3.11.2.1 Alt-362 a & b
Starting from 362km these southerly alternatives branch off from the preferred route,
follow a gap in the ridges towards the MCH, run parallel to the MCH and follow another
gap towards south. In an approximate distance between 1.5km and 5km the route runs
parallel to the MCH for the next 27km, using exiting gaps for its nearly rectangular
direction changes. From here the route changes to a south-westerly direction, covering
the steep descent to the lower area of the canyon structure east of Buzi pass. For this
descent execution of a micro-tunnel may be considered Figure 3.9. At the foot of the
cliffs the Alt-362 splits into its sub-versions a and b.

Figure 3.9 Cliff Descent of Alt 362 before Split into a & b
Alt-362a keeps south-westerly direction following a winding nullah for about 4-5km,
where the route enters into flat terrain. Here the route turns eastwards and after 3km
north-eastwards to 404.5km of the preferred route.
Alt-362b turns to`wards northwest, crosses the MCH and follows a winding nullah in
westerly direction. The route is parallel to the MCH on its northern side with a distance
between 50m and 650m until it unites with the preferred route at 404.5km. This
alternative is expected to have a severe visual impact in the area of the local landmarks
(e.g. Princess of Hope).
3.11.2.2 Alt-378
This alternative continues in a north-easterly direction inside the nullah for about 40km,
avoiding the crossing of the distinct linear topographical features. Inside the nullah the
route climbs up to approx. 200m above mean sea level after approx. 22km, repeatedly
crossing the meandering creek along the ascent as well as in the descent. When the
route reaches the Plain of Hingol River, it crosses the partly rocky south-western bank on
top of the cliffs, turning south. After crossing the Hingol River at 428.5km the route
continues south along the eastern river bank for 5km. Here another 3 crossings within
4km are necessary due to the elevation and gradients of the hills either side of the river
and its meandering. Thereafter the route continues in south westerly direction to the
preferred route at its 426km, including a further crossing with Hingol River.
The main disadvantages of this route are putting its feasibility in doubt as given below:
The alternative adds considerable length to the route;
The nullah that is followed for approx 40km coincides with one of the active fault
lines;
From environmental assessment, the fauna diversity is richer inside the park, the
further north the routing goes;
For Hingol River a dam project has been planned which, if it goes ahead, would
forbid this route alignment;
The multiple crossings of Hingol River will have high cost impact;
The parallelism inside the flood bed of Hingol River requires expensive protection
measures and leaves a considerable remaining risk to the pipeline integrity; and
The required protection measures could be considered as unfeasible inside the
park. For qualitative assessment of alternative in HNP Table 3.7.

Subject Preferred route
km 361.5 - 426.1
Alt-362 a Alt-362 b Alt-378
Length of route* 64.6 67.2 65.5 81.0
Topography 34.6km flat, 25km
undulating, 5km
difficult terrain
29.2km flat, 32km
undulating
6km difficult terrain
25.5km flat , 32km
undulating
8km difficult
terrain
45km flat
33km undulating
3km difficult
terrain
Constructability (a)
difficult terrain, b-
d) amount of
cutting required for
ROW preparation)
a) 1x difficult
descent from 300
to 120m
b) 5km huge
cuttings
c) 25km medium
amount of cuttings
d)1 x Hingol River
Crossing
a) 1x difficult
descent from 300
to 150m (approx.
100m high cliff)
b) 6km huge
cuttings
c) 32km medium
amount of cuttings
d) 1 x Hingol River
Crossing
a) 1x difficult
descent from 300
to 150m (approx.
100m high cliff)
b) 8km huge
cuttings
c) 32km medium
amount of cuttings
d) 1 x Hingol River
Crossing
a) -
b) 3km huge
cuttings
c) 33km medium
amount of cuttings
d) 6 x Hingol River
Crossings
Geology /
geohazards
17km parallel to
fault line,
5 fault crossings
19km parallel to
fault line,
4 fault crossings
19km parallel to
fault line,
4 fault crossings
73km parallel to
fault line,
6 fault crossings
Habitation and
land use
No issue No issue No issue No issue
Accessibility,
Security
10km medium
difficult to access
-
15km medium
difficult to access
-
10km medium
difficult to access
-
50km medium
difficult to access
40 km pipeline
section: route
>5km away from a
road
Environmental
impact
Severe
13km usage of
existing
abandoned Hingol
road
Severe
13km usage of
existing
abandoned Hingol
road
Severe
13km usage of
existing
abandoned Hingol
road
Severe
No existing
corridor can be
used
Cultural Minor visual
impact next to
Hingol Park Road
Severe visual
impact next to
Hingol Park Road
Severe visual
impact next to
MCH and Hingol
Park Road
Minor visual
impact next to
Hingol Park Road
Flora & Fauna Potentially Severe
at Hingol River
Potentially Severe
at Hingol River
Potentially Severe
at Hingol River
Severe
Waterways -

1 crossing with
Hingol River
-

1 crossing with
Hingol River
-

1 crossing with
Hingol River
18km next to
Hingol River
5 crossings with
Hingol River
Foreign lines No issue No issue No issue No issue
*Length of route: Reference length for all alternative sections is from km 361.5 - 426.1 of the preferred route
Table 3.7: Qualitative Assessment of Alternatives in Hingol Park

The preferred route was selected mainly on the basis of:
Rule out of Alt-378 on length, river crossings, environment and less accessibility;
Rule out of Alt-362a due to more difficult descent, visual impact and less
accessibility; and
Rule out of Alt-362b due to more difficult descent, length of difficult section as well
as visual impact.
3.11.2.3 Alt-427
Subject Preferred Route Alternative 428 Alternative 427
Length of route 3.5km 4.5km 4.4km (200m shorter)
Topography Flat terrain: 1.5km
Hilly terrain: Ridge
with steep slope
(2km)
Flat terrain; at the bottleneck
are a steep slopes
flat terrain
Geology / geohazards Proper crossing
angle of fault
crossing
Combination of hazards in
bottleneck conditions:
Flood risk, erosion risk,
suspected fault line crossing,
rockfall risk
potentially combined
river and fault line
crossing
Constructability Ridge crossing
with steep slope.
Pipeline would need to be
installed on the foothill side of
the road; only approx. 10m
space is available for
construction; length approx.
700 m

2 additional Hingol
River crossings
required
Figure 3.10 Alternatives in Hingol National Park

Subject Preferred Route Alternative 428 Alternative 427
Settlements and
land use
No issues No issues No issues
Accessibility, Security No issues Parallel to Park Road No track
Environment No issues Crossing of woodland No issues
Cultural No issues No issues No issues
Waterways Partly parallel to
Hingol River.
Parallel to Hingol River;
crossing of 30m width nulluh
required

Parallel to Hingol
River + 2 additional
crossings with Hingol
River
Foreign lines No issues No issues No issues
Table 3.8: Qualitative Assessment of Alternative Alt-427 at Hingol River

The preferred route was selected on the basis of avoiding 2 x additional Hingol River
crossings and maintaining proper fault zone crossing angle.
3.11.3 Kirthar Ranges, Andhar Anticline (2nd Ridge)
Between 579km and 601km the alternative Alt-579 has been investigated Table 3.9.
This route follows a number of crest lines on the western side of the ridge Figure 3.12.
The crest lines can be characterized as follows:
Frequently changing direction;
Partly very steep (slope angle up to 60);
Partly very narrow (between 2 and 10 m width);
Broken by small intermediate terraces;
Broken by groups of rocks and boulders; and
Flanked by deep downwards cliffs and nullahs.
Figure 3.11: Alt-427 at Hingol River


Figure 3.12: Narrow Crest Line at km 590.5
When the top has been reached, the route descends immediately into a 50m deep nullah
Figure 3.12 with steep slopes on either side (angle of approx. 30). After reaching the
eastern ridge along this nullah, the route is following the best suitable topography,
following crest lines as far as possible.
At 592.5km the route descends a steep slope of approx 200m. between 599km and
600km the route must pass the gorge east of Shah Noorani. East of the gorge the route
follows a straight line towards northeast for 3km, where it meets with the preferred route
at 600.8km.
Length of route 21.6km 23.4km (1.7km Longer)
Topography 7.6km flat
10km undulating
4 km mountainous
Max. altitude approx. 600m
6.4km flat
6km undulating
11 km mountainous
Max. altitude approx. 1100m
Geology / geohazards Flash floods, debris flow
rock fall, erosion
1.5km parallel to fault line
Landslides, rock fall, erosion,
flooding
Settlements and
land use
Passage next to Village
Shah Noorani
Passage next to Village
Shah Noorani and
Accessibility, Security Jeepable track / donkey track
No track in some area (4km)
No track in mountainous area
(11km)
Environment Disturbed area Undisturbed area
Cultural Village Shah Noorani Village Shah Noorani
Waterways 2km route inside nullah 1.5km route inside nullah / gorge
Foreign lines No issues No issues
The preferred route was selected on the basis of:
Maximum elevation to be crossed;
Ease of construction and length of steep sections;
Accessibility; and
Alternative route crosses environmentally undisturbed area.
3.11.4 By-pass Kirthar National Park
Two alternatives have been considered for pipeline route that traverse through the KNP
namely Alternative 629 and preferred route Figure 3.13.

Figure 3.13: Alternatives and Preferred Route at KNP
For environmental evaluation of these two alternatives, following (Tables 3.10 and 3.11)
provides the brief baseline information along with the route.

Environmental
Component
Preferred Route Alternative 629
Land Land is owned by the Government
(source: field meetings with revenue
department) but some tribes claimed its
ownership without having any
documentary proof. Total number of AP
identified is 10.
Land is owned by the Government
(source: field meetings with revenue
department) but some tribes claimed its
ownership without having any
documentary proof. Total number of AP
identified is 5.
Structure/
infrastructure
No structure is affected by this preferred
route.
No structure is affected by this route.
Trees Total expected number of trees to be
affected by is 49. All of these trees are
owned by the Government.
Total number of trees to be affected by
this alternate route is 9 including 6 trees
owned by the Government and rest is
privately owned.
Topography The area is generally barren and
mountainous with high gradient/ slopes
(RD 655 to RD 655.5 and RD 656 to RD
660).

All along the route, the topography
includes cliffs, hill tops, rocky slopes,
stream beds, plains and riparian plains.
The area is generally barren and
mountainous with moderate gradient/
slope. However, from RD 655 to RD
662, the slopes are moderately steep.
All along the route, the topography
includes cliffs, hill tops, rocky slopes,
stream beds, plains and riparian plains.

Soil The soil is sandy with low moisture
content. There is low level of organic
content present in the soil and its
appearance is light brown. This can be
used in construction and also as cover
material.
The soil is sandy and area is stony with
low moisture content. There is low level
of organic content present in the soil
and its appearance is light brown.
Minerals Calcite in limestone is the only
extractable mineral available in this
reach.
Calcite in limestone is the only
extractable mineral available in this
reach.
Rocks There are sedimentary rocks mainly
limestone, sands stone, siltstone and
clay stone/shale. These are grayish and
brownish color and thinly to thickly
bedded.
These rocks can be used in
construction.
There are sedimentary rocks mainly
limestone, sands stone, siltstone and
clay stone/shale. These are grayish and
bedded.
These rocks can be used in
construction.
Drainage pattern Non perennial streams are present in
this stretch.
Non perennial streams are present in
this stretch and according to locals
heavy stones sometimes roll down in
the streams during the rainy season.
Water Source Water sources (ponds, springs, wells
etc.) are not present in this area. Rain
water (non perennial) is the only source
of water. The non-perennial streams are
situated at RDs 654-655 and RDs 667-
671.
Water sources are not present in this
area. Rain water (non perennial) is the
only source of water. The non-perennial
streams are situated at RDs 656-670.
Archeological
spots/
monuments/
historical spots.
No visible structure (above ground)
identified.
No visible structure (above ground)
identified.
Valued
Ecosystem
KNP is considered as a valued
ecosystem, located at RD 655 to RD
660.

Not present. The route alignment is
even away from a buffer zone i.e. 5 km.
Flora Xeo-phytes, Acacia Senegal, Capparis
Decidua and Tecomella Undulata are
the flora of this stretch.

Urial and ibex usually gravitates towards
habitats containing Acacia Senegal.
Bari (Zizyplus jujube), Kandi (Solonum
xanthocarpum), is the flora of this area.
Fauna Ibex, Urial, Deer, Sheep, Goat, Snake,
Partridge, lizards, are the fauna of this
Snake, Partridge, lizards, are the fauna
of this area. However, Ibex, Urial, Sheep
Environmental
Component
area. The area is a habitat of Ibex and
Urial.

The steep slopes (RD 654-660) provide
suitable and desirable terrain for ibex.

sometimes seen in this area as reported
by the locals.
Between (RD 655-660), the gentle
slopes and rocky terrain provide habitat
for urial and chinkara
Table 3.10: Sindh Portion-RD 655 to RD 672 (17km)
Environmental
Component
Land There are two classes of land
uses:
Government land unused
Private land used for
agricultural purposes
Total number of AP is 2 (28
hectares-owned by Buttanies).
The land is barren and owned by
the Government (Source: field
meetings with revenue
department).
Structure/
infrastructure/Co
mmunity
structure
One Graveyard and tube well
located in this stretch at RD 632 on
both sides within offset of 0 to
100m from the centre line of route.
No structure is affected by this
alternate route.
Trees Total number of trees to be affected
is around 880 (observed at site and
counted).
Total number of trees to be affected
by this alternate route is around
400 (observed at site and counted).
Topography The area is generally barren and
mountainous and small part of this
stretch is agricultural (RD 631 to
RD 632). In some stretches slopes
are steep such as from RDs 638-
642 and RDs 650 to 651.
The area is generally barren and
mountainous with moderate
gradient/ slope. However, pipeline
route is mostly in flat area and from
RD 650 to 652 route crosses the
scattered agri area.
Soil The soil is alluvial mixed with fine
sands with low moisture content.
There is low level of organic
content present in the soil and its
appearance is light brown and
grayish.
The soil is alluvial mixed with fine
sand and clay with low moisture
content. There is low level of
organic content present in the soil.
Minerals Calcite is the only extractable
mineral in this reach.
Calcite is the only extractable
mineral in this reach.
Rocks There are sedimentary rocks mainly
limestone, sand stone, clay stone
and silt stone of grayish and
bedded. The lime stones are
medium hard while the other rocks
are soft to medium soft.
There are sedimentary rocks mainly
limestone, sand stone, clay stone
and silt stone of grayish and
bedded. The lime stones are
medium hard while the other rocks
are soft to medium soft.
Drainage pattern Non perennial streams are present
in this stretch. Rain water is the
only source of water.
Non perennial stream is present in
this stretch. Rain water is the only
source.
Water Source Ground water sources are present
in this area. RD 633+000 to
635+000 and 640+000 to 647+000
is identified as grazing area for
Chinkara and Afghan Urial, Ibex.

Between RDs 628-632, RDs 642-
643, RDs 641-650, RDs 654-655
non-perennial water sources are
Ground water sources are not
present in this area. Rain water
(non perennial) is the only source of
water in this stretch which has no
use.

Between RDs 628-632, RDs 647-
649, RDs 651-654, non-perennial
Environmental
Component
present, mammals (urial, chinkara
and ibex) usually move in these
areas for meeting their water
demands.
water sources are present,
mammals (chinkara, urial) usually
move in these areas for meeting
their water demands.
Archaeological
spots/
monuments/
historical spots.
Not present (above ground). Not present (above ground).
Valued
Ecosystem
Dureji Game Reserve is considered
as a valued ecosystem, established
on 1 January, 1972. The Dureji
Game Reserve is a habitat as well
as a hub of natural vegetation and
wildlife. The area from RD 633 to
RD 655 is divided into core zone
and Wilderness zone.

The main flora is kirri (tamarix
articulate), kand or jand (prosopis
sicigera), Wilayati kikar mesquil
(prosops glandulosa), acacia arabic
(babal kikar), salvadora (pilo) and
zizyphus (berri) and Kabbar in
mountain ridges.

More than 18 Chinkara has been
sighted on both sides of the route
alignment (COI i.e. 200m). RD
633+000 to RD 635+000 and from
RD 640+000 to RD 647+000 were
identified as the grazing area for
Chinkara, Afghan Urial, Ibex
respectively.
Dureji Game Reserve is considered
as a valued ecosystem established
on 1 January, 1972. RD 629+000 to
651+000. The Dureji Game
Reserve is a habitat as well as a
hub of natural vegetation for wildlife
and other cattle of the people of the
area.
Wilayati kikar mesquil (prosops
glandulosa), zizyphus (berri) and
Kabbar in mountain ridges.

Chinkara, Afghan Urial, Ibex has
been sighted in the COI i.e. 200m
offset distance.
Flora Main flora of this stretch included
woody, thorny under-shrubs, which
are usually not above a 0.3 m in
height and have a few leaves with
stiff and prickly branches. The
common trees found are kirri
(tamarix articulata), kand or jand
(prosopis spicigera), wilayati kikar
mesquil (prosops glandulosa),
acacia arabic (babal kikar),
salvadora (pilo) and zizyphus (berri)
and Kabbar in mountain ridges.
The area has a variety of bushes
and trees including woody, thorny
under-shrubs, kirri (Tammrix
articulate) and beri (Zizyphus
jujube).
Fauna Other Fauna included deer
(Chinkara), reptiles (snakes,
lizards, etc.), foxes jackals,
sessees, partridges, sand grouses,
houbara bustards (migratory).
Mallards, ducks (seen-migratory)
and pelicans (migratory) were seen
at site.

Between RD 628-634, the valley
between two ridges provide suitable
habitat for Chinkara.
Snake, Batair, lizards, Mouse,
foxes jackals, sessees, and
partridges are the fauna in the tract.
Between RD 628 and RD 650, the
valley between two ridges provide
suitable habitat for Chinkara.
Similarly, RD 650-655, the valley is
a suitable terrain for Chinkara.

.
Environmental
Component

The western steep slopes and cliff-
sided gulleys (RD 636-639) provide
terrain for Sindh Ibex.

Between RD 650 and RD 654, the
terrain is flat top with gentle slopes
on west and east is a suitable place
for urial and chinkara.
Table 3.11: Balochistan Portion-RD 629 to RD 655 (26 km)
Following Table 3.12 reveals the evaluation results of both the alternatives.

P
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

A
r
e
a

C
i
t
y
/
t
o
w
n
s
/

S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

O
w
n
e
r
s
h
i
p

o
f

L
a
n
d

T
r
e
e

(
N
o
s
)

P
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
t
i
c

T
e
r
r
a
i
n

D
i
s
t
u
r
b
e
d

A
r
e
a

W
a
t
e
r

R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

A
r
c
h
a
e
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

S
p
o
t
s

F
l
o
r
a

F
a
u
n
a

Alt 629
Impact Significance
H
i
g
h
2

N
o
-
i
m
p
a
c
t

L
o
w
3

L
o
w
4

M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
5

L
o
w
6

M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e

N
o
-
i
m
p
a
c
t

M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e

H
i
g
h
7

Preferred Route
Impact Significance
V
e
r
y

H
i
g
h
8

N
o
-
i
m
p
a
c
t

M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
9

M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
1
0

H
i
g
h
1
1

V
e
r
y

l
o
w
1
2

M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e

N
o
-
i
m
p
a
c
t

M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e

V
e
r
y

h
i
g
h
1
3

Table 3.12: Summarized Evaluation Results of Both Alternatives
Considering above, preferred route seems to be sensitive in terms of three critical factors
i.e. protected area, problematic terrain and fauna distribution and species especially the
presence of abundance of Ibex and attractive habitat for Urial, Chinkara and Ibex.
Therefore, it is recommended to bypass the KNP.
3.11.5 Indus River Crossing
With more than 3,200km length, the Indus is the longest and largest river in Pakistan.
The Indus River Crossing including flood plain left and right bank is located from 729km

2
Dureji Game Reserve.
3
All govt. land except 5 residents claimed their land within COI.
4
409 trees expected to be cut.
5
RD 655-662 blasting required but slopes are moderate.
6
RD 645-649, RD 650-652 and RD 660-662. Agriculture, some settlements and Bhit airport present, although away from
COI.
7
Habitat of Urial (vulnerable), Chinkara (lower-risk-conservation dependent).
8
Dureji and KNP
9
All govt. land except 12 residents (28 hectares) claimed their land within COI.
10
929 trees expected to be cut.
11
RDs 655-655.5, RDs 656-660, RDs 638-642, RDs 650-651-blasting required-slopes are steep.
12
RDs 631-632.5.
13
Habitat of Ibex (vulnerable), Urial (vulnerable) and Chinkara.
to 737km of the preferred pipeline alignment between the Sukkur and Kotri barrages,
near Amri village as shown in Figure 3.14. This project area has been characterized by
flat agricultural land, providing good conditions for pipeline construction. High water table
(groundwater management) is to be expected.
The crossing of the Indus River including flood plain left and right bank shall be
performed approx. 200m upstream of the proposed Amri Qazi Ahmad road/bridge
which is currently under construction. The crossing location has the beauty that the
works on controlling the river bed (guide bunds, embankment dams, etc) are useful for
both the bridge and the pipeline crossing, which allows economization of cost for the
b
e
n
e
f
i
t

o
f

P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n
.

Figure 3.14: Overview of the Indus River Crossing Location with Distinct Crossing
Sections and Proposed River Training Works
3.11.5.1 Crossing scenarios
The following two crossing scenarios for Indus River will be considered.
Scenario-I: With complete River Training Works (guide bunds, road embankment, spurs,
etc) in order to reduce the crossing length of deep scouring section as proposed by the
Amri Qazi road/ bridge. Scenario-I will be further divided into:
I-I) Complete River Training Works will be performed by Amri Qazi Ahmad road/
bridge contracto; and
I-II) Remaining River Training Works will be performed by IP Gas Pipeline
contractor in case of remaining river training works are delayed and not matching
with the IP-Gas Pipeline implementation schedule.
Scenario-II: without complete River Training Works. The embankment for the road will be
left in its current condition and no other River Training Works (guide bunds, spurs) will be
installed within the high flood protection bunds (flood plain area).
3.11.5.2 Crossing Construction Methods
In general terms the pipeline can cross the river in either of the following two overall
alternatives:
Above Ground (Overhead); and
Below Ground (Buried or closed).
The above ground pipeline crossings can be constructed in one of the following manners
Pipe bridge on piles (own piled structure);
Mounting on proposed road bridge; and
Suspension pipe bridge.
Below ground crossing construction may be undertaken in any one of the following
manners:
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD);
Microtunnelling; and
Open Cut.
The above mentioned construction methods have been analyzed in Figure 3.15. The
feasibility of the above mentioned construction methods depends mainly on the crossing
length, crossing depth, scouring values, site geology and topography.
3.11.5.3 Evaluation
To compare the different options available for the Indus River Crossing, a simple
approach was established, based upon the main aspects of the construction, starting
from the more favorable to the more unfavorable affects.

Figure 3.15: Indus River Crossing Methods Evaluation results (I = favourable, II = neutral,
III = unfavourable)
From technical point of view the above ground crossings via pipe bridge is a straight
forward construction, with references and experience in Pakistan. There are no severe
technical risks identified, by selection of a knowledgeable local subcontractor therefore
the construction can be performed. Same is valid for the schedule; the construction time
with approx. 6 months can be performed in the dry season with some reserves. From
cost point of view the above ground crossing is the most economical solution with
significant less cost than the buried solutions.
The buried solution HDD has been considered feasible, considering construction by an
experienced international contractor, however with a risk of feasibility mainly regarding
the soil conditions. Although a detailed soil investigation is performed in the Front End
Engineering Design (FEED) a soil-risk remains which might make the HDD unfeasible or
may significantly delay the execution.
The Microtunneling solution is rather expensive and as a main point time consuming,
which bears the risk of flooding into the tunnel during construction. Also the
microtunneling solution shall be implemented only by an experienced international
contractor.
As a technical conclusion both below ground methods bear some residual risks, which
might lead to project delays and increased cost. From technical as well as environmental
point of view the above ground crossing is preferred option bearing the least risks for
execution and lowest construction cost and blind dolphins.
In view of the above considerations, the above ground crossing via the pipe bridge has
been defined as the preferred solution to be executed for the Indus River crossing.
3.12 Compressor Station Location Alternatives
3.12.1 Initial Selection of the CSs
The initial system design anticipated the placement of a CS in the vicinity of the start and
end point of the pipeline as well as one CS in the middle of the approximately 780km
long pipeline, between RD 390 and RD 400 of the pipeline route and then modification of
the initially selected station location envelopes were made for adjustments of the system
design.
3.12.1.1 Criteria for CS Location
For identification of location of stations, following criteria has been considered.
Protection against floods;
Protection against landslides, rock falls and faults;
Landuse and topography;
Away from protected areas/national parks;
Availability of potable water;
Away from settlements at least 500m distance; and
Site should be readily accessible throughout the year.
3.12.2 Compressor Station-1
Initially this station was planned at RD 80+000 located near to Gwadar city but location
rejected due to the following reasons:
- Located near to the Gwadar city;
- Based on GIS overlays investigations of Gwadar Master Plan it was revealed that
the proposed location will come under the influence of this development Figure
3.16;
- Future mushroom population growth (if uncontrolled) may interfere the location and
this would generate safety hazards to the public;
- Culturally such a huge and mechanized station may not be acceptable by the
locals; and
- The proposed location was dismissed by the Company citing the potential effect on
the compression ratio and the power requirements (installed compressor power)
for CS1.

Figure 3.16: Master Development Plan of the City of Gwadar
Thereafter, in accordance with the defined envelope for the location of CS1 two
alternative locations at RD 8 and RD 15 were further identified. Both sides are separated
from each other by the crossing of the Dasht River avoiding the arable lands either side
of the river. The sites are shown in Figure 3.17 Alternative Sites for CS1.

After assessment of the above two sites, RD 15 location has been rejected due to the
presence of a Geohazard in terms of its location in a buffer zone to an active (recently
active) fault zone as well as the potential for flash flooding during heavy rain and no
further comparative assessment with the only feasible Site-2 is required i.e. between
RDs 7+000 and 8+381 from Iran-Pakistan border. The station will be located north of
MCH at a distance of about 1.3 km having an approx. area of 1 km
2
. The site is free of
any settlement and stream/nullahs and is a flat terrain, however, some trees/bushes and
manmade bund (embankment) needs to be removed for site preparation works. The site
is accessible through MCH and this site meets almost all the criteria parameters given
before.
3.12.2.1 Compressor Station-2
The initial requirement for placing of CS in an area between RD 390 and RD 400 of the
pipeline would have placed the location of the CS2 inside the HNP and within the vicinity
of the Buzzi Pass area. As this was not considered feasible due to interference with the
National Park area as well as due to un-preferable topography at the Buzi Pass area, the
initial system design was modified so as to allow the allocation of CS2 in the area of RD
360 well outside of the HNP.
Considering above and based on desktop studies assessment 3 alternative sites as
shown in Figure 3.18 Alternative Locations for CS2 were identified for further
evaluation.

Site 1 was located within the buffer zone of an active fault trending east-west direction.
Site 3 presented evidence of mud flows from some active mud volcanoes situated in
north and west of the proposed site and the site is under the threat of flash floods during
heavy rains as it is close to hills in the north. Consequently, Site 1 and Site 2 were
excluded from further evaluation leaving Site 2 as the only viable alternative for the
selection of the final site location for CS2 and therefore no further comparative
assessment of alternative site locations will performed and site meets the selection
criteria.
The site is clear of any settlements, large trees, ponds, and infrastructure. Station will be
located at a distance of about 830m MCH and site will be accessible through a Katcha
road (unmetaled), which is connected with MCH. Therefore transportation and
installation of heavy equipment will not be an upfront issue. The total area of CS
compound is around 1 km
2
. The other location for this station was not possible to be
considered due to technical reasons and existing terrain. Figure 3.19 shows a view of
proposed location of CS2.

Figure 3.19: Picture of the Selected Location for CS2 (looking towards south)
3.12.2.2 Compressor Station-3
CS3 (1 km
2
) has been planned to be located at the end of the pipeline so as to provide
the required delivery pressures of approximately 90 bars into the transmission network of
SNGPL and 67 bars into the transmission network of SSGC. In addition the metering
facilities for both feeder pipelines into the relevant (customer) transmission networks.
The location envelope for CS3 will be located at the end point of the pipeline route near
the town of Shaheed Benazirabad. The area is accessible through asphalt roads the
town of Shaheed Benazirabad, Sacrand and Qazi Ahmed.
The desktop analysis showed that the area comprises primarily of silty clay with a
shallow water table ranging between 0 (surface) and one m depth with waterlogged
patches as well as watercourses and extensive drainage networks in the entire area of
the selected station location envelope. Most of the land is cultivated and presumably will
be held in private ownership.
Owed to the challenging groundwater conditions and the observed intensive land use
situation six alternative sites designated as CS3, Site 1 to Site 6, as shown on Figure
3.20 Alternative Sites for CS3, were selected during desktop studies and later on
verified in the field visits.

For the comparative assessment of all six identified alternative locations the assessment
criteria as introduced before has been used. The results are provided in the Table 3.13.
No. Site Evaluation Criteria
Alternative Sites
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6
1 Environmental Impact 4 3 3 3 3 4
2 Social Constraints 4 4 3 3 3 2
3 Topography 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 Accessibility 3 2 2 4 4 3
5 Utility availability 3 3 3 4 4 4
7 Land use 3 3 3 2 3 3
8 Additional Construction Measures 3 2 2 4 4 4
9 Proximity to delivery Point 4 3 3 1 2 2
TOTAL Score 27 23 22 24 26 25
Table 3.13: Comparative Assessment Matrix for Alternative Sites of CS3
LEGEND:
4 Favourable 3 Acceptable 2 Critical 1 Impractical
The above Table reveals that Sites 1 and 5 reach the highest score in the comparative
assessment and therefore should be selected for further consideration. The assessment
is given below. Figures 3.21 and 3.22 shows a pictorial view of proposed Sites 1 and 5
respectively.

Figure
3.21: Northern end of Site 1 for CS3, (looking towards south west)

Figure 3.22: Picture of Alternative Site 5 for CS3 (view from the road westwards)

Site1
Geologically Site 1 is less attractive due to high ground water level in the area and the
necessity of raising the station level to avoid flooding during the rainy season. Ground
water at Site 1 is being controlled by the two drains, one on the south side and and a
second located east of the site of the selected site. Some waterlogged areas are present
at the south of the site, which have been converted into fish ponds.
The advantage of this site lies in the close proximity to the delivery point and
consequently short pipeline sections to the Tie-in point with the existing facilities of
SNGPL and SSGC as well as the potential for combined security arrangements with the
existing tie-In facilities. The access to the main road will be approximately 6 km long and
may also be prone to flooding requiring substantial upgraded to provide an all season
access to the station site.

Site 5
Site 5 as compared to Site 1 is situated on dry land. It has also the advantage of being
adjacent to the main road and in closer proximity to the city Daur with various facilities.
However selection of this site will involve construction of a two separate approximately
6km long unpigable sections of pipeline from the CS to the Tie-In point.
The above comparison and assessment results as given in Table 3.13 Site 1 are more
favorable in terms of cost and social and environment impacts.
Conclusion
Site 1 has been selected as preferred CS3 location for execution.
3.13 Compressor Station Water Supply Alternatives
Compressor Station 1:
Dasht River, the only non-perennial surface water in the area, is located about 8km in
east from the CS1 site. This surface water source has been tapped by Mirani Dam
constructed near Turbat (upstream). Sea is located in south at a distance of about 40
km. The hydrogeological conditions of the project site are such that groundwater is not
available in quality and quantity. Therefore, groundwater investigations carried out in and
around the project site have never indicated positive results.
Two alternative sources considered for the supply of water to CS1 namely Sunstarh
Public Water Supply Scheme and Akra Kaur Public Water Supply Scheme.
The former scheme (above) was constructed in late seventies for Gwadar town based
upon open wells located on Dasht River at Sunstarh at a distance of about 72km. The
scheme has been working successfully for many years. After implementation of Akra
Kaur water supply scheme for Gwadar, Sunstarh water supply scheme has been
diverted to the villages located all along the Dasht River up to Gabd village located about
8km from the CS1 site. The water is being supplied through community tanks through
eight inch dia transmission pipeline.
Akra Kaur water supply scheme is based upon surface water source of Akra Kaur Dam
constructed in northwest of Gwadar town. At Pallery village water is treated and supplied
to three water supply schemes. Out of three, one is to Jiwani town through 8 inch dia
transmission pipe line passing at Pirhan village, which is the about 28 km from the CS1
site.
Since the sustainability of the Sunstarh water supply scheme has become questionable
after construction of Mirani Dam on upstream, therefore, it is recommended that
concerned authority of Akra Kaur water scheme may be asked to arrange the required
water demand of 37000 gpd at Pirhin village. From Pirhain village water may be pumped
to the project site by laying out properly designed new pipeline.
The hydrogeological conditions in and around the project site (CS2) are very poor. The
properties of mudstone exposed in the catchment area and present at 6 to 7 m depth
under the project site are such that, it neither can hold nor transmits water. This is the
reason that water table was not reported at the project site in drilled bore holes.
Therefore, the availability of groundwater at the project site is not possible. Rach Kaur is
the only surface water source near the site. The source is non-perennial and ERS results
revealed the water is highly saline having Ec = 15.8 mS/cm (15860 S/cm).
Ormara the main town of the area is located at about 30 km from the CS2 site. It has a
naval base and lot of civilian population. Presently two independent water supply
schemes are operating in Ormara town given as below:
Naval Base Water Supply Scheme
Naval base is getting water from Bisol nullah located at about 30 km from Ormara on
coastal highway towards Gwadar town. Water supply scheme comprises of four (4) large
diameter open wells equipped with low capacity submersible pumps and 30 km
transmission pipe line, please refer figure below.
Ormara Public water supply Scheme
Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) Ormara is operating its independent
water supply scheme and supplying water from three (3) large diameters open wells. The
open wells are located on right bank of Bisal nullah and pump water to Ormara through a
200 mm diameter and 30 km long pipeline by three buster stations.
Nearest drinkable water source for construction and utilities purpose is Bisol Nullah,
located at distance of 30 km from the zero points of Ormara and around 55 km from
project site on coastal high way towards Gwadar.
Since, the water requirement for the CS2 has been estimated as 37000 gpd, therefore
for CS2 water requirement; water has to be shared with one of the existing water supply
scheme at zero points of Ormara. Weekly public water supply is also available through
pipe line in a village 8 km short of Ormara town along the coastal high way and 17 km
from the project site.
Therefore, some arrangements have to be made with concerned authority of PHED or
local administration of Ormara to share water of public water supply scheme points by
constructing a surface reservoir of suitable capacity at zero point. From zero point, water
has to be pumped by laying a pipe line of about 25 km up to project site.
CS3 and headquarters of the project will be located 8km east of Daur town. The CS will
have a residential colony to accommodate about 1018 people. Total water demand for
CS3 station and related 1018 persons has been estimated to 80950 gpd.
Previous groundwater investigations carried out for Salinity Control Reclamation Project
(SCARP) and Left Bank Irrigation Canal (LBDC) by WAPDA and international
Consultants in the area around the CS3 identified that the aquifer is homogeneous in
nature and can hold and transmit water in abundant quantities.
Two sources are available for CS3 one is ground water and the other is surface water.
The CS3 site falls under Nusrat Branch Canal command area, which is located at about
2.5km in the east. Therefore, surface water could be available from this perennial canal
for the project site. Considering the groundwater situation, project site is underlain by
thick sandy aquifer of more than 200m. After the implementation of SCARP project in the
area, groundwater conditions have improved. The water table in the project area is
around 1m deep from ground level and groundwater quality is saline. During field visit,
field electrical conductivity (EC) of three ground water samples was checked for water
quality and it was found that groundwater quality improves along the canal.
From above, it is quite evident that groundwater extraction will be more feasible.
Therefore, it is recommended that two shallow tubewells of 30m depth and capacity 25
m
3
each may be installed for water requirement of CS3. Since, the regional groundwater
flow in the project area is in southwest direction; therefore tubewells should be installed
along the right bank instead of left bank of Nusrat Canal.
4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS
4.1 General
This section describes the existing baseline conditions of Study Area, as described in
Chapter 1. The main aim of this section is to present physical, ecological, and socio-
economic domains of the environment in order to provide a better understanding for the
design and project executing team to address/mitigate the potential impacts. The Study
Area includes COI i.e. 500 m on both sides of pipeline C/L and other areas which may be
affected from the project activities e.g. Jiwani Wetland, Ormara Turtle Beaches, Kalmat
Khor Wetland etc. (Annex E). The Study Area also includes all the project ancillary
aspects such as proposed sites for contractors camp (tentative), dumping sites
(tentative), CS locations etc.
The whole length of the pipeline (from Iran Pakistan Border to Shaheed Benazirabad
CS) is divided into nine segments, as described in Table 4.1 and shown in Figure 4.1
Baseline conditions are discussed segment wise.
Segment Number Length of Segment (km)
Segment 1 From 0 to 180
Table 4.1: Gas Pipeline Route Segments
The information provided is based on primary as well as secondary data collected during
the field reconnaissance, detailed survey of the COI and the physical monitoring results
of the environmental parameters.
4.2 Main Features of the Segments
As mentioned before the total pipeline length is about 780km and falls in two provinces
of Pakistan i.e., Balochistan (from RD 0 to 655) and Sindh Province (from 655 to 780).
The major features related to each segment including contractor facilities and others are
summarised in Table 4.2.
The main environmental features of the physical, ecological and socio-economic
domains are discussed in the next sections.

Figure 4.1: Overview Map of Route Segments
Table 4.2: Main features of segment
Segment1
(RD 0-180)
Segment2
(RD 180-240)
Segment3
(RD 240-300)
Segment4
(RD 300-380)
Segment5
(RD 380-475)
Segment6
(RD 475-560)
Segment7
(RD 560-722)
Segment8
(RD 722-732)
Segment9
(RD 732-780)
Existing Features
Pipeline follows
the Makran Coast,
RAMSAR site
Jiwani located at
about 25km south
of pipeline.
Pipeline follows
the Makran
Coast line and
crosses the
important non-
perennial river
Shadi Kaur.
Pipeline follows
the boundary of
Wildlife
Sanctuary Buzi
Makola and
Kalmat Khor
Wetland.
RAMSAR site
of Ormara
Beaches is
located at
about 35km of
south of
pipeline.
Pipeline
passes
through the
Hingol
National Park.
RAMSAR site
Miani Hor
located at south
of pipeline.
Pipeline enters into
Kirthar Range and
passes through Dureji
Game Reserve and north
of Kirthar National Park.
Pipeline also passes the
Hub River.
Pipeline
crosses
Indus River.
Pipeline passes
through the
agricultural land
and crosses the
irrigation channels
(canals).
Proposed Permanent Structures
Compressor
station CS1 (RD
8)
_ _
Compressor
station CS2
(RD 343)
_ _ _ _
Compressor
station CS3 (RD
780)
Pigging station
(PS1) (RD 0)

Pigging station
(PS2) (RD 8)

Pigging station
(PS3) (RD 177)
_ _
Pigging station
(PS4) (Rd
343)
_
Pigging station
(PS5) (Rd 553)
_ _
Pigging station
(PS6) (Rd 780)
Block valve
Stations at RDs
32,48,64,80,96,
112,145
Block valve
Stations at RDs
208,238

Block valve
Stations at RDs
263,292

Block valve
Stations at
RDs
311,380
Block valve
Stations at
RDs
405,435,466
Block valve
Stations at RDs
497,523
Block valve Stations at
RDs
584,601,632,667,692
Block valve
Station at RD
722
Block valve
Stations at RDs
732,763
Proposed Sites for Contractor Facilities
Contractor camp
at compressor
station 1(RD-8)

Contractor camp 2
(RD-72)

Contractor camp 3
(RD-186)
_
Contractor
camp 4 (RD-
268)
Contractor
camp 5 (RD-
308)

Contractor
camp at
compressor
station 6 (RD-
343)

Contractor
camp7 (RD-
427)

Contractor
camp 8 (RD-
525)

Contractor camp 9 (RD-
583)
Contractor camp10
(RD-631)
722)
740)

_
Contractor camp
at compressor
station 13 (RD-
775)

Dumping Site 1
(RD-14)
Dumping Site 2
(RD-72)
Dumping Site 3
(RD-186)
-
Dumping Site
4 (RD-308)
Dumping Site
5 (RD-427)
Dumping Site
6 (RD-525)

Dumping Site 7 (RD-83)

-
Dumping Site10
(RD-740)
4.3 Physical Environment
The physical environment covers the description of topography, geology, soil, faults and
seismicity, surface water, groundwater and climate as described in the forthcoming
sections.
4.3.1 Topography, Geology faults and Soils
4.3.1.1 Segment 1- RD 0 to 180
Between 0-180km area is generally flat and barren comprising mostly silty sand/sandy
silt with small shrubs and trees near water bodies except from RDs 45-58 and RDs 108-
120 where very soft siltstone/mudstone out crop is also exposed. These rocks are
generally East-West trending with dip direction towards South. It passes near Jiwani and
Gwadar. At RD 12 Dasht river is crossing the route having an approximate width of 140
m; it is a perennial river and passes through the mangroves forest at downstream of the
river (Jiwani Wetlands). From RDs 87-111 badlands/erosion is observed. Mud volcanoes
have been detected at RD 120.
This section is characterized by two (02) faults zones. These faults are associated with
the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) in the south.
4.3.1.2 Segment 2 - RD 180 to 240
Between RDs 180 and 240 terrain is mostly undulating with an elevation range between
15m to 80m, rock is mostly exposed and comprises generally alternate beds of
predominating siltstone/mudstone with subordinating weak silty sandstone. Up to RD
220, the rocks are generally East-West trending with dip direction towards South. Here
the alignment follows strike of the beds. From RDs 220-230 the proposed alignment is
across the strike of the rocks. At places these rocks are overlain by thin deposits of silty
sand/sandy silt. Route passes near Pasni and it crosses Shadi Kaur Nullah at RD 190
having approximate width of 200 m, another nullah 250m wide at RD 225 and Rumaro
Kaur at RD 228 having 115 m channel width.
This section is characterized by two (02) faults zones. These faults are associated with
4.3.1.3 Segment 3 - RD 240 to RD 300
The area where the pipeline range passes between RDs 240-300 is mostly comprised of
flat terrain and at the foot hills of the steep hills at north of the route. Here the nature of
soil comprises mostly silt/sandy silt. Some ridges comprise of very soft siltstone/
mudstone outcrops. The area lies within the Accretionary Fore Arc Basin having recent
rocks from Miocene to Pliocene Age.
This segment is devoid of any faults.
4.3.1.4 Segment 4 - RD 300 to 380
This segment has mostly a flat terrain and at the foot hills of the steep hills at the north of
the route. Only a small portion i.e. from RDs 300-308 passes through the low lying
ridges. These ridges comprise of very soft siltstone/mudstone outcrops. However, some
large mud volcanoes are observed between RDs 322-338. Several small streams cross
the route but some are significant:
Basol River at RD 303 having 240 m channel width; and
Pranhandrak Kaur at RD 343 having channel width of 100 m.
This section is devoid of any faults zones. These faults are associated with the Makran
Subduction Zone (MSZ) in the south.
4.3.1.5 Segment 5 - RD 380 to 475
This section is one of the most difficult in the entire route. It passes from famous Buzi
Pass Mountains and HNP area which is the largest national park of Pakistan. Some
patches are not suitable for pipeline routing due to some critical features including
badlands, erosion, active faults, mud volcano ridges (RD 432 to 457), steep gradient
mountains and deep gullies and cuts. The rock comprises of alternate beds of
predominating siltstone/mudstone with subordinating thin silty sandstones. The Hingol
River crosses the route at about RD 423 and the width of the river is around 250m.
This section is characterized by five (05) faults zones. These faults are associated with
4.3.1.6 Segment 6 - RD 475 to RD 560
Area in this segment is generally flat comprising of silty sand/fine sand and is at the foot
hills of the steep hills at the north. Several small streams cross the route as well. Phor
Nai at RD 485 is significant with a channel width of 300m. Route passes through the
north of Miani Hor wetland, which is an important bird habitat. At RD 561 coastal road
ends and pipeline route passes near Uthal and after RD 600 route enters into Kirthar
mountain range.
Abundant mud volcanoes have been delineated between RD 492 to 497 and 507 to 522.
The mud volcano range is in size from small to medium with a few large ones which are
mostly located in Extrusive Mud Formation. This section is characterized by one (01)
faults zone. These faults are associated with the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) in the
south.
4.3.1.7 Segment 7- RD 560 to RD 722
At RD 600, route enters into Kirthar mountain ranges while pipeline enters into Sindh
Province and Dureji Game Reserve Area at RD 630. A famous archaeological site
Ranikot is located at the eastern boundary of Kirthar National Park and well outside the
COI. Ranikot is perhaps the largest walled fort of the world with approximately 29km of
walls. There are four main mountain formations which extend north-south with the
highest elevation of 1200m and width varies from 3 -10km. The ridges comprise of
alternate beds of limestone, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and clay stone/shale. From
RDs 586588, ophiolites ultra mafic rocks of Bela Ophiolite Complex are observed.
From RDs 609614, sandstone with subordinating shales of Pab Formation was
observed. At places there are steep slopes along the route and on the other side there
are deep solution/erosion cut nullahs in ridge forming limestone. Pipeline route passes
all four mountain formations and enters into Indus River Flood Plain. Other main features
of the area include the Dureji Game Reserve and Amri Forest.
This section is characterized by seven (07) fault zones. These fault zones are associated
with folded foredeep and pericratonic shelf of Indian Plate.
4.3.1.8 Segment 8 - RD 722 to 732
Pipeline crosses the River Indus in this segment posing a challenge for the design stage
with respect to the River crossing and the entire length of this segment which is within
the active flood plain of the Mighty Indus River. Topsoil is sandy silty clay deposited by
river Indus. The site is located near Amri village at a distance of 50m in the jurisdiction of
Tehsil Sakrind and District Shaheed Benazirabad. The site is accessible by road.
Sedimentary rocks are not present in this stretch. The land is barren with patches of
cultivated area. Cultivation is carried out in the recovered area from Indus River in this
segment.
4.3.1.9 Segment 9 - RD732 to 780
The soil is sandy with low moisture and organic content. The soil in this segment is
mainly silty clay and light brown in color. No Rocks are present in this segment. The area
is accessible from existing road network. Water logged area identified along the pipeline
from RD 756.5 to 766.5. Patches of waterlogged areas also identified along the major
canals and distributaries. The soil in this segment is also reported as slightly saline.
There are no mineral resources present in this segment. The land in this segment is
highly fertile and most of this land is cultivated alongside presence of various residential
areas.
4.3.2 Sesmotectonic Zones
The Gas Pipeline route crosses through southern part of Pakistan which involves two
major tectonic plates, i.e., Lut-Afghan Block of the Indian Plate in the west and the
Eurasian Plate in the East separated by a transform fault boundary represented by
Chaman-Ornach Nal Fault in Pakistan. The Eurasian Plate in west of Pakistan is further
subdivided into Arabian and Iranian microplates. Thus more precisely, Lut-Afghan Block
is situated within the domain of Iranian microplate. A separate geo-hazard study has
been conducted that provides details of active or abandoned faults and other geo-
hazards of the area.
The distribution of various types of tectonic zones along the Gas Pipeline Kms is as
described in Table 4.3 below:
Pipeline
Chainage
Tectonic
Plate
Tectonic Plate
Features
Local Tectonic Zone
00-425 km
Lut-Afghan
Block
Chagai-Makran
Convergence Zone
Makran Coastal Trough
425-500km
& 560-600 km
Indian Plate
Transform Boundary
Zone
Bela Ophiolite Belt
500-560 km Porall Trough
600-650 km
Folded Foredeep &
Pericratonic Shelf
Khudge Range Fold Belt
650-672 km Kirthar Range Fold Belt
672-705 km Sanbakh Saddle
705-731 km Lakra uplift Arch
731-747 km
Foreland
Thatta-Hyderabad High
747-782 km Shaheed Benazirabad Slope
Table 4.3: List of Major Tectonic Zones
Seismic Hazard Zoning of the Gas Pipeline Route has been done in light of the
specifications of Building Code of Pakistan, Seismic Provisions 2007. On this basis, the
Gas Pipeline Route runs through Seismic Zones 2A, 2B, 3 and 4. The seismic zoning
map of Pakistan is shown in Figure 4.2 below. The chainage wise distribution of these
Zones is given in Table 4.4 as under.
T
a
b
l
e

4
.
4

a
s

u
n
d
e
Figure 4.2: Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan

Pipeline
chainage (km)
Seismic Zone PGA (g)
00 to 48 Zone - 2B 0.16 to 0.24
48 to 285 Zone - 3 0.24 to 0.32
285 to 301 Zone - 4 > 0.32
301 to 320 Zone - 3 0.24 to 0.32
320 to 423 Zone - 2B 0.16 to 0.24
423 to 463 Zone - 3 0.24 to 0.32
463 to 664 Zone - 2B 0.16 to 0.24
664 to 775 Zone - 2A 0.08 to 0.16
Table 4.4: Distribution of Seismic Zones
4.3.3 Water Resources
Balochistan Province consists of mainly hilly terrain and undeveloped area with scattered
population. Scarcity of drinking water is common in this province. Groundwater is
generally very low and saline. Therefore the local community, livestock and wildlife
heavily depend on fresh water sources of the area e.g. water ponds, streams, rivers etc.
Cultivation is not commonly practiced along the pipeline in this province and major use of
water sources in Balochistan Province is for domestic purpose and livestock. The
coastline in Balochistan is also famous for mangroves forest and provides habitat for
shrimps and water fowl. Streams and Rivers in Balochistan Province feed wetlands
situated along the coastline and the habitat of mangroves forests. Therefore, it is
imperative to avoid the damage to the quality of these fresh water sources from project
activities.
In Sindh Province, the pipeline passes through the agricultural area and uses of surface
and groundwater include domestic as well as irrigation. A good quality of groundwater
can be found at shallow depth in Sindh Province. Major streams and rivers of pipeline
route are shown in Figure 4.3.

Figure 4.3 : Major Streams and Rivers of Pipeline Route
Sampling strategy was prepared to assess the baseline condition of surface water and
groundwater in each segment of the pipeline.Surface Water (SW) and Groundwater
(GW) sampling points are shown in Annex F.
Grab samples of surface water were collected from the recommended site of water body.
Groundwater samples were collected from the existing groundwater sources i.e. hand
pumps and wells from recommended site or close to it. It was ensured that sufficient
quantity of sample was collected to perform the required analyses and any repeat
analysis (if necessary). The sample labels and field data sheets were completed for each
sampling point. Necessary preservation procedures were strictly followed during the
sampling and transportation.
Water quality test results were compared with National Environmental Quality Standards
(NEQS) drinking, inland and sea water standards. Where the NEQS is silent, the WHO
drinking water standards were considered. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
water quality standards were considered for the source of water potentially utilized for
irrigation purpose.
A detailed Environmental test Report is included in Annex G. Segment wise surface and
water quality is discussed in the forthcoming paragraphs:
4.3.3.1 Segment 1 (RD 0 to 180)
Surface Water
Water is the scarce resource in this segment. The major rivers and streams identified in
this segment are Dasht River (RD 12), Paleri Kaur (RD 39), Akra Kaur (RD 64) and
Sawar Kaur (RD 126).
Dasht River is one of the largest rivers in Balochistan and the only perennial river in this
segment. The river water fulfills the requirement of fresh water of thousands of peoples
living in the vicinity of the river. The river brings water from Nihang River and flood water
to land of Dasht river basin in the flat terrain of Kech area. Major source of livelihood of
the local community is catching shrimps from the delta of Dasht River.
Paleri Kaur, Akra Kaur and Sawar Kaur are non-perennial rivers and flow during rainy
season only. Patches of cultivated lands are located along these rivers. Akra Kaur is
another important river of the area. A dam has been constructed at the upstream of the
river about 11km from the pipeline crossing Akra Kaur. Treatment plant has been
constructed at the dam to treat the water and supply the drinking water to Gwadar City.
Other sources of surface water include water ponds and unregistered wetlands. Water
ponds were developed during the construction of MCH in generating borrows material.
The wetland encountered at RD 127 is manmade feature and the land owner
constructed a weir on non-perennial stream to store water for irrigation purpose.
Six surface water sampling sites were suggested in this segment and results have been
compared with NEQS, WHO and FAO. The six sampling sites include from Dasht River,
Paleri kaur, Akra Kaur, Unregistered wetland at RD 103 and Sawar Kaur.
Groundwater
Groundwater in this segment is generally very deep and saline. No source of
groundwater was identified within COI of this segment. Outside the COI, the major
sources of groundwater are hand pumps, tube wells and open wells. Brackish
groundwater is encountered from RD 60 to 70 within 1km buffer of proposed pipeline
14.

Quality of groundwater was determined by collecting samples from the existing sources
of groundwater. Sites of the groundwater sources are indicated in Table 4.5. The major
use of groundwater along this segment is for domestic purpose.
One ground water sample was collected and tested and results have been compared
with the NEQS. The sampling site for groundwater was from the settlement near RD 119.

14
Survey of Pakistan Maps

RD Number of Wells Location Along the Pipeline
72 5 (a cluster of wells) Abandon now
119 1 Settlements - Outside COI
153 1 North West of Pasni- Outside COI
165 1 South West of Pasni- Outside COI
Discussion on Results
Surface water and groundwater test results are indicated in Table 4.6. Groundwater is
not available around Gwadar area i.e. about first 100km of the pipeline. The test results
of groundwater sample collected from near RD 116 indicate that except the colour all the
other parameters are within the drinking water and agriculture standards.
Surface water testing along the first segment shows the water quality is not fit for
drinking purpose. Only the water quality of Akra Dam was found fit for agriculture
purpose. Other surface water sources including Dasht River were detected with elevated
contamination level with dissolved solids, sulphate, chloride and sodium salts.
Water quality of Dasht River, Akra Kaur and Sawar Kaur were found not fit for livestock
consumption.

Parameters
Surface Water(SW) and Ground Water(GW) test Results (RD 0-180) NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW1
(Dasht
River)
SW2
(Near
Paleri Kaur)
SW3 Near
(Akra Kaur)
SW3(A)
(Akra
Dam)
SW4
(From Man
Made
Wetland)
SW5
(Sawar
Kaur)
GW2 (From
the
Settlement
at 116 RD)
Drinking
Water (mg/l)
Inland
water
(mg/l)
Sea
water
(mg/l)
Colour 26 106 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 62 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
Odour - Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Orderless
None
objectionable
- -
None
objectionable
-
Turbidity <0.2 <0.2 3 32 2 <0.2 2 NTU 5 NTU - - 5 NTU -
Total Hardness
as CaCO3
9859.05 236.56 4128 250.67 2836.1 7912.21 385.51 <500 - - <500 -
Electrical
Conductivity
0.649 0.0128dS/m 0.358dS/m
0.012
dS/m
0.0986 dS/m
0.485
dS/m
0.013dS/m - - - -
0.7
3.0dS/m
TDS 52576 902 27218 894 7298 38838 884 1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS <5.0 <5.0 9.0 21 6.0 10 <5.0 - - 200 - -
pH 7.80 8.62 7.03 7.41 8.01 7.63 7.38 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 256 15 141 8 60 281 0 - 80 80 - -
COD 680 34 350 18 146 720 0 - 150 400 - -
Grease and Oil 1.25 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 - -
Chloride (Cl) 27357.98 281.58 13550 168.31 983.78 20134.81 183.67 <250 1000 SC <250 4 10 me/l
Fluoride (F) 2.89 0.97 1.37 0.123 1.14 2.11 0.10 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Sulphate (SO4) 3983.73 245.46 2556.24 459.64 3837.24 3327.80 388.66 - 600 SC - 0 20 me/l
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium (Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper (Cu) 0.013 <0.005 0.008 <0.005 <0.005 0.013 <0.005 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead (Pb) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001
Selenium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 - 1 1 - -
Zinc <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.08 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 5 5 5 5 2
Barium (Ba) 0.061 0.009 0.181 0.017 0.026 0.138 0.041 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7 -
Iron(Fe) <0.005 0.008 <0.005 0.363 <0.005 10.61 2.848 - 8 8 - 5
Manganese (Mn) <0.005 <0.005 0.074 <0.005 <0.005 0.112 0.009 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
Boron 2.953 0.172 0.991 0.402 2.056 2.233 0.169 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - 1 1 - -
Parameters
Surface Water(SW) and Ground Water(GW) test Results (RD 0-180) NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW1
(Dasht
River)
SW2
(Near
Paleri Kaur)
SW3 Near
(Akra Kaur)
SW3(A)
(Akra
Dam)
SW4
(From Man
Made
Wetland)
SW5
(Sawar
Kaur)
GW2 (From
the
Settlement
at 116 RD)
Drinking
Water (mg/l)
Inland
water
(mg/l)
Sea
water
(mg/l)
Arsenic (As) 0.021 <0.005 0.009 0.007 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 1 - 0.05 0.1
Ammonia (NH3) <0.1 <0.1 0.23 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.06 - 40 40 - -
Sodium
Absorption
Ratio (SAR)
64.88 4.13 52.83 3.88 7.68 52.85 2.50 - - - - 20 40
Residual
Sodium
Carbonate
(RSC)
-194.1 -4.1 -80.6 -3.5 -55.2 -154.3 -5.57 - - - -
Total Colony
Count
TNTC TNTC TNTC TNTC TNTC TNTC TNTC - - - -
Feacal Coliform
(E-Coli)
Absent Absent Absent 05 Absent Absent Absent
Must not
detectable in
100ml
sample
-
Must not
detectable in
100ml sample
126 per 100
ml
(Recreation
water)
Total coliform
bacteria
Absent 17 Absent 15 08 Absent Absent
Must not be
detectable in
100 ml
sample
-
Must not
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Magnesium
(Mg)
2000 15 390 16 240 1600 16 -
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 33.37 0.90 19.21 1.03 3.49 30.21 0.94 <50 - <50 <30
Table 4.6: Water Quality - Segment 1 (RD 0 to 180)
4.3.3.2 Segment 2 (RD 180 to 240)
Surface Water
The important stream in this segment is Shadi Kaur (RD 190). It is a non-perennial
stream but has large catchment area. The 100 years flood of this stream is calculated to
be 3965 cumecs. The construction of a dam was underway when it was damaged by the
massive flood in 2006. Other major streams in this segment are Branguli Kaur (RD 219)
and Rumaro Kaur (RD 229). Both these streams are non-perennial. The surface water
samples were collected from the available water from the stream beds. The pipeline is
crossing Branguli and Rumaro Kaur very close to the sea, therefore, the backwater flow
from sea was anticipated in these streams at pipeline crossing.
Two surface water sampling sites were suggested in this segment and tested for results
against NEQS, WHO and FAO. The sampling sites included the Shadi Kaur River and
Rumaro Kaur.
Groundwater
During the survey it was reported by the locals that groundwater is encountered at about
3m depth at some places along the Shadi Kaur approximately from RD 180 to 210. The
groundwater quality is slightly saline. The groundwater is being utilized for drinking
purpose along this length of the pipeline. Public Health Department installed water
supply tube well at the bank of Shadi Kaur and supply fresh water to major town of Pasni
area. A water sample was collected from the tube well outlet.
From RD 210 to 240 the groundwater quality is reported medium to highly saline. The
major source of the groundwater is open wells and tube wells in this area. Groundwater
wells identified from secondary data are given in Table 4.7.
Two groundwater samples were collected and tested. The results have been compared
with relevant standards. Groundwater samples were collected from the tube wells
located at the bank of Shadi Kaur for water supply to Pasni and from the Coast Guard
post located at RD 224.
189 1 Shadi Kaur-Outside COI
224 1 Coast Guard post- Outside COI
234 1 South West of Kalmat Khor- Outside COI
236 1 South West of Kalmat Khor- Outside COI
Table 4.7: Identified Groundwater Sources Near the Pipeline
Surface water and groundwater test results are indicated in Table 4.8. Biological
contaminations were detected in the both groundwater samples collected in this
segment. Colour is also detected in the sample collected from the water supply tubewell
for pasni town. All other parameters are within the limits of drinking water and agricultural
water.
Good quality of surface water was found at Shadi Kaur. The concentration of total
dissolved solids and boron were found slightly elevated from drinking water standadrds
in the water sample collected from Shadi Kaur. The water quality was also fit for the
agriculture purpose. The water sample collected from Branguli Kaur was alkaline with
elevated total hardness. Other elevated contaminations found in the sample include
sulphate, dissolved solids and chloride. Therefore the water quality of Branguli Kaur is
not fit for drinking or agricultural purpose. Elevated concentration of magnesium in the
Branguli Kaur made it unfit for livestock consumption.

Parameters
Surface Water(SW) and Ground Water(GW) test
Results (RD 180-240)
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW6
(Shadi
Kaur)
SW7
(Rumaro
Kaur)
GW3 (Water
Supply Tube
Wells for
Pasni)
GW4 (Coast
Guard Post
At Makran
Highway)
Drinking
Water (mg/l)
Inland
water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Colour <5.0 <5.0 30 <5.0 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
Odour orderless orderless Orderless orderless
None
objectionable
- -
None
objectionable
-
Turbidity 1 <0.2 1 NTU 4 5 NTU - - 5 NTU -
Total Hardness as
CaCO3
296.84 3680 255.05 147.54 <500 - - <500 -
Electrical Conductivity
0.017
dS/m
0.267 0.013 dS/m 0.011 - - - - 0.7 3.0dS/m
TDS 1292 20292 974 722 1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 10.0 - - 200 - -
pH 7.85 7.93 7.68 7.91 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 31 192 0 0 - 80 80 - -
COD 73 500 0 0 - 150 400 - -
Grease and Oil <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 - -
Chloride(Cl) 209.87 10388.77 221.24 131.17 <250 1000 SC <250 4 10 me/l
Fluoride (F) 0.10 0.84 <0.1 <0.1 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Sulphate(SO4) 585.56 1690.03 355.12 330.85 - 600 SC - 0 20 me/l
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium(Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper(Cu) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead(Pb) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001 -
Selenium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 - 1 1 - -
Zinc <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.114 5 5 5 5 2
Barium (Ba) 0.033 0.014 0.023 0.014 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7 -
Parameters
Surface Water(SW) and Ground Water(GW) test
Results (RD 180-240)
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW6
(Shadi
Kaur)
SW7
(Rumaro
Kaur)
GW3 (Water
Supply Tube
Wells for
Pasni)
GW4 (Coast
Guard Post
At Makran
Highway)
Drinking
Water (mg/l)
Inland
water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Iron(Fe) 0.242 0.105 0.099 0.169 - 8 8 - 5
Manganese (Mn) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
Boron 0.433 1.311 0.214 0.280 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - 1 1 - -
Arsenic(As) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 1 0.05 0.1
Ammonia (NH3) 0.09 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 40 40
Sodium Absorption
Ratio (SAR)
5.48 38.74 4.17 5.27 - - - 20 40
Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)
-5.0 -71.7 -4.10 -1.60 - - - -
Total Colony Count TNTC TNTC TNTC TNTC - - - -
Feacal Coliform (E-Coli) Absent Absent Absent Absent
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml
126 per 100
ml
(Recreation
water)
Total Coliform bacteria Absent Absent 13 01
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml
-
Magnesium 26 730 11 14 -
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 1.21 14.28 1.01 0.83 <50 - <50 <30

4.3.3.3 Segment 3 (RD 240 to 300)
Surface Water
Pipeline passes along the protected wetland Kalmat Khor in this segment. It provides the
habitat to thousands of birds annually. The approximate area of the wetland is 1450 km
2
.
The wetland is flooded with sea water during high tides and drained out during low tides.
Repeated phenomenon of flooding and drainage with sea water triggers the
accumulation of salts on ground in the form of a thick layer. It is surrounded by small hills
which are a source of sedimentation and siltation during erratic rains. Mangroves forests
along the coastal end of the lake provide habitat of shrimps and fish and therefore the
livelihood majority of local population is fishing.
There are two surface water sampling sites (Kalmat Khor wetland and Basol River) in
this segment. The water samples were collected and tested while results were compared
with relevant standards.
Groundwater
Brackish groundwater was identified from RD 240 to 252. The remaining area falls in hilly
terrain and groundwater level is very low. Water sample was collected from the
settlement located near the Kalmat Khor wetland. Groundwater wells identified from
secondary data are given in Table: 4.9.
242 5 (a cluster of wells) South-West of Kalmat Khor- Outside
of COI
Surface water and groundwater test results are indicated in Table 4.10. Groundwater
quality in this segment is not fit for drinking, agriculture and livestock consumption
purpose mainly because of higher concentration of sulphates, hardness, dissolved solids
and biological contaminations.
The water quality of Kalmat Khor Lake is fit for agriculture purpose but not fit for drinking
purpose. Elevated concentration of total dissolved solids and biological contaminations
were detected in the water sample.

Parameters
Surface Water(SW) and Ground Water(GW)
test Results (RD 240-300)
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW8 (RD
(Kalmat Khor)
GW5 (Nearest Settlement
of Kalmat Khor)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea
water
(mg/l)

Colour <5.0 <5.0 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
Odour Orderless Orderless None objectionable - - None objectionable -
Turbidity 2 2 5 NTU - - 5 NTU -
Total Hardness as CaCO3 383.54 6932.65 <500 - - <500 -
Electrical Conductivity 0.0199dS/m 0.495dS/m - - - -
0.7
3.0dS/m
TDS 1500 39104 1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS 5.0 <5.0 - - 200 - -
pH 7.81 7.61 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 54 0 - 80 80 -
COD 126 0 - 150 400 -
Grease and Oil <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 -
Chloride (Cl) <1.0 20471.48 <250 1000 SC <250 4 10 me/l
Fluoride (F) 0.24 2.22 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Sulphate (SO4) 255.13 3167.31 - 600 SC - 0 20 me/l
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium (Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper (Cu) <0.005 0.018 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead (Pb) <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001
Selenium <0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 1 1
Zinc <0.005 <0.005 5 5 5 5 2
Barium (Ba) 0.132 0.115 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7 -
Iron(Fe) 1.181 <0.005 8 8 - 5
Manganese (Mn) <0.005 <0.005 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW8 (RD
(Kalmat Khor)
GW5 (Nearest Settlement
of Kalmat Khor)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea
water
(mg/l)

Boron 0.304 2.250 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 - 1 1 - -
Arsenic (As) <0.005 0.013 0.05 1 - 0.05 0.1
Ammonia (NH3) <0.1 <0.1 - 40 40 - -
Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) 7.07 53.32 - - - - 20 40
Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) -4.6 -134.7 - - - - -
Total Colony Count TNTC TNTC - - - - -
Feacal Coliform (E-Coli) 04 Absent
Must not be
detectable in 100ml
sample
- -
Must not detectable
in 100ml sample
126 per
100 ml
(Recreation
water)
Total Coliform Bacteria 06 11
Must not be
detectable in 100ml
sample
- -
Must not detectable
in 100ml sample
-
Magnesium 32.5 1350 - - - -
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 1.32 29.37 <50 - <50 <30

4.3.3.4 Segment 4 (RD 300 to 380)
Surface water
A non-perennial Basol River crosses pipeline at RD 303. Basol River has huge
catchment like Shadi Kaur and maximum discharge could reach upto 3313 cumecs (100
years discharge) during rainy season. Villages and towns of the area including Ormara
rely on the river for their water requirement. Other non-perennial streams including Rachi
kaur, Prahandrak kaur and Manaji kaur crosses pipeline at RD 337, 343 and 348
respectively.
An unregistered wetland is located at south of the pipeline at about 2km from RD 322.
Protected Ormara Beaches (RAMSAR site) are about 25km south of the pipeline, which
is well away from the COI. For assessing water quality, sample was collected from the
river Rachi Kaur.
Groundwater
Groundwater is very deep in this segment. A groundwater sample was collected from the
Ormara town to assess the groundwater quality of the area. Groundwater is mainly
utilized for domestic purposes.
A groundwater sample was collected RD 343 near proposed CS during the logistics
study for this project. The water sample was tested for alkalinity, bicarbonate, calcium,
carbonate, chloride, colour, conductivity, hardness, magnesium and odour. The
concentration of chloride, sodium and total dissolved solids were found 403mg/l, 340mg/l
and 1229mg/l respectively and exceeding the NEQS for drinking water. Other tested
contaminants were within the limits.
Groundwater wells identified from secondary data are given in Table 4.11.
310 1 North West of Ormara- Outside of COI
314 1 North West of Ormara- Outside of COI
330 1 North of Ormara- Outside of COI
332 1 North East of Ormara- Outside of COI
Discussion Results
sample fulfills the criteria of agricultural water quality standards but chloride and
dissolved solids are slightly above the required drinking water standards. Biological
contamination was also detected in the groundwater sample.
Surface water is not fit for agricultural and drinking purpose. However, only sulphate
concentration is exceeded from the FAO agricultural water quality standards. Biological
contamination was also detected in the surface water sample.

Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW9 (Down Stream
of Prahandrak
Kaur)
GW6 (Ormara Town)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea
water
(mg/l)

Colour <5.0 <5.0 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
Odour Odorless Odorless None objectionable - - None objectionable -
Turbidity 26 <0.2 <5 NTU - - 5 NTU -
Total Hardness as CaCO3 382 390.72 <500 - - <500 -
Electrical Conductivity 0.0153 dS/m 0.0219 dS/m - - - -
0.7
3.0dS/m
TDS 1258 1664 <1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS 18 <5.0 - - 200 - -
pH 7.78 7.87 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 14 0 - 80 80 -
COD 31 0 - 150 400 -
Grease and Oil <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 -
Chloride (Cl) 145.52 452.35 <250 1000 SC <250 4 10 me/l
Fluoride (F) 0.19 0.217 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium (Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper (Cu) <0.005 <0.005 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead (Pb) <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001
Selenium <0.005 0.027 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 1 1
Zinc 1.447 <0.005 5 5 5 5 2
Barium(Ba) 0.020 0.023 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7
Iron(Fe) 0.135 0.009 8 8 5
Manganese (Mn) <0.005 <0.005 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
Boron 0.265 0.468 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW9 (Down Stream
of Prahandrak
Kaur)
GW6 (Ormara Town)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea
water
(mg/l)

Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 1 1
Arsenic(As) 0.005 <0.005 0.05 1 0.05 0.1
Ammonia (NH3) <0.1 <0.1 40 40
Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) 3.61 6.69 - - - 20 40
Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) -6.6 -4.3 - - - -
Total Colony Count TNTC TNTC - - - -
Feacal Coliform (E-Coli)
Absent Absent
Must not be
detectable in 100ml
sample
-
Must not detectable
in 100ml sample
126 per
100 ml
(Recreation
water)
Total coliform bacteria
31 11
Must not detectable
in 100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in 100ml
sample
-
Magnesium
20 58.8
-
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 1.97 2.84 <50 - <50 <30

4.3.3.5 Segment 5 (RD 380 to RD 475)
Surface water
Hingol River and scattered water ponds located within the National Park are the major
sources of surface water. Hingol river is a perennial river and discharge of the river may
increase up to 8,222 cumecs (100 years discharge). Water ponds are the important
ecological features of the area. Wildlife and local community heavily depend on these
resources. Hingol River is the major source of the surface water in HNP.
A surface water sample was collected at RD 425 from the Hingol River during the logistic
study for this project. The water sample was tested for the contaminants including
alkalinity, bicarbonate, calcium, carbonate, chloride, colour, conductivity, hardness,
magnesium and odour. The concentration level of chloride, hardness, sodium and total
dissolved solids were detected 682 mg/l, 580 mg/l 340 mg/l and 1512 mg/l respectively
and were found exceeding NEQS drinking water standards, other tested contaminants
were within the limits.
For this study a water sample was collected from Hingol River to assess the water
quality of the river water.
Groundwater
Groundwater level is very deep in this segment. The groundwater sample was collected
from Aghor town to assess the groundwater quality of the area and results have been
compared with the relevant standard. Groundwater is utilized for domestic and
agriculture purpose. Groundwater well identified from secondary data is given in Table
4.13.
479 1 Southern end of Hingol- Outside of
COI
Surface water and groundwater test results are indicated in Table 4.14. Surface and
groundwater sources are fit for agriculture purpose but water treatment will be required
for use as drinking water due to elevated biological contamination.
Parameters
Surface Water (SW) and Ground Water (GW)
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW10 (Upstream of
Hingol River)
GW7 (Hingol
Town)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Colour <5.0 <5.0 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
Odour Odorless Odorless
None
objectionable
- -
None
objectionable
-
Turbidity 25 4.0 5 NTU - - 5 NTU -
Electrical Conductivity 0.0128 dS/m 0.01622 dS/m - - - - 0.7 3.0dS/m
TDS 1040 1268 1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS 20 7.0 - - 200 - -
pH 7.28 7.93 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 10 0 - 80 80 -
COD 22 0 - 150 400 -
Grease and Oil <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 -
Fluoride (F) 0.184 0.202 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium (Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper (Cu) <0.005 <0.005 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead (Pb) <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001
Selenium <0.005 0.007 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 1 1
Zinc 0.371 <0.005 5 5 5 5 2
Barium (Ba) 0.025 0.024 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7
Iron (Fe) 0.355 0.041 8 8 5
Manganese (Mn) <0.005 <0.005 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
Boron 0.398 0.463 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 1 1
Arsenic(As) <0.005 0.005 0.05 1 0.05 0.1
Ammonia (NH3) <0.1 <0.1 40 40
Sodium Absorption Ratio
(SAR)
2.72 6.26 - - - 20 40
Residual Sodium Carbonate
(RSC)
-5.8 -3.4 - - - -
Feacal Coliform (E-Coli) 12 Absent Must not be - Must not be 126 per 100 ml
Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW10 (Upstream of
Hingol River)
GW7 (Hingol
Town)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

detectable in
100ml sample
detectable in
100ml sample
(Recreation
water)
Total Coliform bacteria 45 05
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Magnesium 13 29 -
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 1.48 2.17 <50 - <50 <30

4.3.3.6 Segment 6 (RD 475 to RD 560)
Surface Water
Pipeline is located at north of the protected wetland Miani Hor (RAMSAR site) in this
segment. Sea water gushes into the Miani Hor wetland during high tides and drains out
during the low tides. Scores of non-perennial streams also feed fresh water into the
wetland including; Phor Nai, Chank Dhora and Charari Dhora etc. and help to create a
perfect environment for mangroves forest growth. Water ponds were also identified along
the pipeline in this segment and the pipeline passes through the water ponds at RD 546.
Surface water sampling was done from one sites (Miani Hor wetland) in this segment
and results have been compared with the relevant standards.
Groundwater
Brackish groundwater is encountered from RD 500 to 560 along the pipeline. The
approximate reported depth of groundwater is 5 to 7m in this segment. Major use of
groundwater is for domestic purpose.
A ground water sample was collected at RD 550 in Uthal during the logistic study for this
project. The water sample was tested for the contaminants including alkalinity,
bicarbonate, calcium, carbonate, chloride, colour, conductivity, hardness, magnesium
and odour. The concentrations of chloride, sodium and total dissolved solids were found
682 mg/l, 440 mg/l and 1385 mg/l respectively and concentration found more than the
drinking water standards. Other tested contaminants were within the limit.
Groundwater wells identified from secondary data are given in below Table 4.15. For this
study, the groundwater sample was collected from the settlement near Miani Hor.
482 1 South-West of Miani Hor -Outside of COI
484 2 South West of Miani Hor-Outside of COI
487 1 South-West of Miani Hor-Outside of COI
497 2 North-West of Miani Hor-Outside of COI
512 1 North of Miani Hor-Outside of COI
534 1 Near Liari -Outside of COI
543 1 South East of Liari-Outside of COI
550 1 South of Uthal-Outside of COI
553 2 South of Uthal-Outside of COI
554 1 South East of Uthal-Outside of COI
557 1 South East of Uthal-Outside of COI
Surface water and groundwater test results are indicated in Table 4.16. Surface and
groundwater sources tested in this segment fulfil the requirements of using water for
agricultural purpose. Groundwater quality is also fit for using as per drinking water
standards except the elevated level of turbidity of the water. Surface water was not fit for
drinking purpose because of the turbidity and biological contamination.

Parameters
Surface Water(SW) and Ground
Water(GW) test Results (RD 475-560)
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW11 (Miani Hor
Lake)
GW8 (Nearest
Well at Miani Hor
Lake)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Colour <5.0 <5.0 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
None
objectionable
- -
None
objectionable
-
Electrical Conductivity 0.0145 dS/m 0.0085dS/m - - - - 0.7 3.0dS/m
TDS 1126 594 1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS 81 59 - - 200 - -
pH 7.70 7.81 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 9 0 - 80 80 -
COD 19 0 - 150 400 -
Grease and Oil <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 -
Fluoride (F) 0.193 <0.1 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Sulphate (SO4) 511.7 <0.1 - 600 SC - 0 20 me/l
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium(Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper (Cu) <0.005 <0.005 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead (Pb) <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001
Selenium <0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 1 1
Zinc 1.578 <0.005 5 5 5 5 2
Barium (Ba) 0.023 0.153 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7
Iron (Fe) 0.466 3.523 8 8 5
Manganese (Mn) <0.005 0.027 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
Boron 0.313 0.292 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Parameters
Surface Water(SW) and Ground
Water(GW) test Results (RD 475-560)
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW11 (Miani Hor
Lake)
GW8 (Nearest
Well at Miani Hor
Lake)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 1 1
Arsenic (As) <0.005 0.008 0.05 1 0.05 0.1
Ammonia (NH3) <0.1 <0.1 40 40
(SAR)
4.93 3.51 - - - 20 40
Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)
-2.6 -0.98 - - - -
Feacal Coliform (E-Coli) 07 Absent
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
126 per 100 ml
(Recreation water)
Total Coliform Bacteria 23 Absent
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Magnesium 23 16 -
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 2.02 1.21 <50 - <50 <30

4.3.3.7 Segment 7 (RD 560 to RD722)
Surface Water
A major perennial river in this segment is Hub River. The pipeline crosses the river at RD
619, 623 and 629. Maximum 100 years discharge of Hub River at pipeline crossing is
calculated as 5149 cumecs. A dam constructed at about 88 km downstream of the river from
pipeline crossing is a major source of water supply (20-25%) to city of Karachi. The water
quality, as reported by the authorities, meets the WHO standards whereas the water quality
tested by the NGOs, media and other agencies like institute of Environmental Studies and
Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi do not support the Karachi Water and
Sewerage Board claims. Water quality of Hub River catchment area was studied by Institute
of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi and National University of Science and
Technology, Pakistan in 2006. Quality of water was examined through bacteriological,
chemical and heavy metals analysis. The study reveals that the quality of raw water is not
good for consumption without secondary and advance treatment. On comparison of results,
it was found that suspended solids were exceeding the standard value. Chloride and
hardness of the samples were fluctuating within the range of 50 to 475 mg/l and 240 to 800
mg/l respectively, the concentration of phosphate varies from 40.09 to 0.236 mg/l which
should not be present in drinking water and on bacteriological results of samples it was also
found that all samples were contaminated with the organism.
15

Other major streams of the area are Winder Nai (RD 583) and Bandni Nai (RD 690) and
both of the streams are non-perennial.
For SEIA, two samples were collected (one each from river Winder Nai and Hub River).
Groundwater
Groundwater is available only at few places in this segment. Sweet groundwater source is
available at Dureji town near RD 630. Wells are the common source of groundwater around
Dureji and near Indus River. The groundwater is utilized for domestic and agriculture
purposes. Groundwater wells identified from secondary data are given in below Table 4.17.
Three ground water samples were collected at RD 630 in Dureji, RD 660 in Baddu Jabal
town and RD 720 in Amri town during the logistic study for this project. The water samples
were tested for the contaminants including alkalinity, bicarbonate, calcium, carbonate,

15
Institute of Environmental studies, university of Karachi, Karachi -75270,Pakistan September 2005
chloride, colour, conductivity, hardness, magnesium and odour. The test results for all
parameters were found well within the drinking water limits.
For SEIA, two samples were collected, one from Dureji Town and the other from right bank
of Indus River.
568 1 South of Khurkhera-Outside of COI
578 1 South of Khurkhera Within 500m COI
589 1 East of Shah Noorani-Outside of COI
590 1 East of Shah Noorani Within 500m COI
596 2 Near Shah Noorani-Outsideof COI
601 1 West of Dureji-Outside of COI
608 1 West of Dureji Within 500m COI
626 1 North West of Dureji-Outside of COI
635 1 Near Dureji-Outside of COI
692 1 Near Bado Jabal-Outside of COI
sample collected from Dureji showed some biological contamination and all other
paramaters are within drinking and agricultural water standards. While the other
groundwater sample collected from the right bank of Indus River fulfilled all the requirements
of using the water for drinking and agriculture purpose.
Surface water samples were collected from Hub River and Winder River. Water quality of
both rivers is fit for agriculture purpose and may be used for water supply provided the
biological contamination is properly treated.
B711 - I L F- GEN- EN- REP- 00 02 / V3. 0 - APV

Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW12
(Winder Nai)
SW13 (Hub
River)
GW9 (From
Dureji Town)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Colour <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
Odour Odorless Odorless Odorless
None
objectionable
- -
None
objectionable
-
Turbidity 3 3 1 5 NTU - - 5 NTU -
Total Hardness as CaCO3 328.77
395

374.38 <500 - - <500 -
Electrical Conductivity 0.0228 dS/m 0.012 dS/m 0.0173dS/m - - - -
0.7
3.0dS/m
TDS 1506 960 1216 1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS 8 11 <5.0 - - 200 - -
pH 8.07 7.88 7.88 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 29 27 0 - 80 80 -
COD 68 61 0 - 150 400 -
Grease and Oil <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 -
Chloride (Cl) 461.72 229.11 361.15 <250 1000 SC <250 4 10 me/l
Fluoride (F) 0.18 0.10 <0.1 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Sulphate (SO4) 460.05 162.95 299.36 - 600 SC - 0 20 me/l
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium(Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper (Cu) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead (Pb) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001
Selenium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 1 1
Zinc <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 5 5 5 5 2
Barium (Ba) 0.103 0.075 0.130 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7
Iron(Fe) 0.007 0.146 <0.005 8 8 5
Manganese (Mn) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
B711 - I L F- GEN- EN- REP- 00 02 / V3. 0 - APV
Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW12
(Winder Nai)
SW13 (Hub
River)
GW9 (From
Dureji Town)
Drinking Water
(mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Boron 0.389 0.160 0.250 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1 1
Arsenic(As) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 1 0.05 0.1
Ammonia (NH3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 40 40
(SAR)
1.09 2.63 3.60 - - - 20 40
Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)
-4.58 -1.61 -3.19 - - - -
Total Colony Count TNTC TNTC TNTC - - - -
Feacal Coliform (E-Coli) 01 01 Absent
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
126 per 100
ml (Recreation
water)
Total Coliform Bacteria 04 05 15
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Magnesium 38 53.5 51.5 -
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 1.98 1.37 1.90 <50 - <50 <30
Table 4.18: Water Quality Test results for Segment 7 (RD 560 to 722)
IP- Gas Pipeline Project B711 - I L F- GEN- EN- REP- 00 02 / V3. 0- APV
4.3.3.8 Segment 8 (RD 722 to RD 732)
Surface Water
In this segment, pipeline is crossing the Indus between Sukkur and Kotri barrages near
Amri village (right bank). Flood plain of Indus at pipeline crossing is about 6-7 km while
active perennial creek remains 700 to 800m wide.
Indus is the longest and largest river in Pakistan and forms the lifeline for countrys
agriculture and hydropower. Total length of the river is about 3,200km. Annual estimated
flows of the river is approximately 238 x 10
9
cumecs which makes it 25th largest river in
the world. Pakistans largest dam i.e. Tarbela dam is built over Indus and other large
dams i.e. Dasu and Basha Diamir are also planned to be built on Indus. Five (5) big
barrages have also been built over Indus for off taking canal irrigation system. Other
large rivers i.e. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas are major tributaries of Indus
River.
Plenty of research and studies have been conducted on Indus River water quality. The
river is a final disposal point of number of industrial and domestic wastewater. The major
contributor in the pollution of the river water is Manchar lake flow into the river, Jamshoro
Thermal Power station effluent and Fuleli Canal outlet. The water of Kotri Barrage is
used as drinking water by Hyderabad city and its vicinity, Karachi and Thatta cities. Four
parameters of Indus water and the effluent were tested in November, 2010 by Water &
Drainage Section, Planning & Development Department Govt. of Sindh to assess the
impact of super flood on Indus water quality; the results are provided in Table 4.19
16

For water quality assessment during SEIA, one water sample from Indus River was
collected.
Sr.
No
Parameter Manchar
Lake
Indus
River
near
Petaro
Jamshoro
Thermal
Power
Station
Effluent
Fuleli
canal
Outlet
Hyder
abad
Water
Filter
Plant
NEQS
Pakistan&
WHO for
drinking
waters
1 Magnesium
(mg/l)
53 38 58 36 22 30-50mg/l
2 TDS (mg/l) 1303 699 1170 721 681 500-1000
mg/l
3 EC (S/cm) 2036 1092 1827 1127 1065 -
4 Salinity (g/l) 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 -
Table 4.19: Secondary Data Test Results at Indus River

16
Water Quality Report tested parameters results Sindh University Chemistry Institute Jamshoro 8
th
November 2010.
IP- Gas Pipeline Project B711 - I L F- GEN- EN- REP- 00 02 / V3. 0- APV
Groundwater
A number of groundwater wells are located along the river bank. The approximate depth
of these wells is around 35m. Local community reported the availability of groundwater at
shallow depth i.e. at about 5m along the Indus River. The groundwater quality is slightly
saline in this segment. The major use of groundwater is for agriculture and drinking
purpose.
Surface water and groundwater test results are indicated in Table 4.20. Indus River
water quality is fit for agriculture purpose. The river water cannot be used for drinking
purpose without treating the biological contamination and turbidity of the river water.

Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW14 (Indus River
near Amri Village)
GW10 (Near Amri
Village)
Drinking
Water (mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Colour <5.0 <5.0 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
None
objectionable
- -
None
objectionable
-
Total Hardness as CaCO3 134.05 <500 - - <500- -
Electrical Conductivity 0.0052 dS/m 0.001 dS/m - - - - 0.7 3.0dS/m
TDS 366 718 1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS 25 9 - - 200 - -
pH 8.04 7.69 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 21 0 - 80 80 -
COD 46 0 - 150 400 -
Grease and Oil <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 -
Fluoride (F) <0.1 <0.1 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium (Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper (Cu) 0.013 0.006 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead (Pb) <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001
Selenium <0.005 0.005 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 1 1
Zinc <0.005 <0.005 5 5 5 5 2
Barium (Ba) 0.067 0.214 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7
Iron(Fe) 0.340 0.017 8 8 5
Manganese (Mn) <0.005 <0.005 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW14 (Indus River
near Amri Village)
GW10 (Near Amri
Village)
Drinking
Water (mg/l)
Inland water
(mg/l)
Sea water
(mg/l)

Boron 0.096 0.173 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 1 1
Arsenic(As) 0.005 0.084 0.05 1 0.05 0.1
Ammonia(NH3) <0.1 <0.1 40 40
(SAR)
1.46 2.26 - - - 20 40
Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)
-0.37 3.96 - - - -
Feacal Coliform (E-Coli) Absent Absent
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
126 per 100 ml
(Recreation water)
Total Coliform Bacteria 16 Absent
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Magnesium 18 26 -
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 1.07 1.59 <50 - <50 <30
4.3.3.9 Segment 9 (RD 732 to 780)
Surface Water
In this segment, pipeline crosses a number of irrigation channels and drains including
Right Over Bank Drain (ROBD) at RD 721, Mulwah Distributory at RD 737, Rohri Canal
at RD 747, Jamal Shah Distributory at RD 749 and Dohlo Canal at RD 765.
For water quality assessment during SEIA, water sample was collected from the
irrigation channel crossing the pipeline at RD 756.
Groundwater
Sweet groundwater is available in this segment being extracted with the help of tube-
wells and hand pumps. Pipeline also passes through the water-logged area particularly
from RD 750 to 760 km located along the irrigation channels.
A ground water sample was collected at RD 780 in Shaheed Benazirabad near proposed
CS during the logistic study for this project. The water sample was tested for the
contaminants including alkalinity, bicarbonate, calcium, carbonate, chloride, colour,
conductivity, hardness, magnesium and odour. From the test results it was found that all
tested parameters are well within the limits of drinking water standards.
For water quality assessment during SEIA, groundwater samples were collected from the
settlement located near RD 736 and from the existing CS.
Surface water and groundwater test results are indicated in Table 4.21. Good quality of
groundwater was detected in the flood plain of Indus River. The groundwater samples
were slightly contaminated with biological contamination which may be because of the
defects in the source system e.g. infiltration of surface runoff into the bore of handpump
or tubewell etc.
Surface water sample was collected from the irrigation channel. The results indicate the
water is fit for agriculture purpose.

Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW15 (Canal
Water Near
Compressor
Station)
GW11 (At
National
Highway N-
5 Settlement
of Qazi
Ahmed)
GW12 (Near
Compressor
Station at
Shaheed
Benazirabad)
Drinking
Water
(mg/l)
Inland
water
(mg/l)
Sea water (mg/l)
Colour <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 15 TCU - - 15 TCU -
Odour Odorless Odorless Odorless
None
objectionable
- -
None
objectionable
-
Turbidity 19 1 4 5 NTU - - 5 NTU -
Total Hardness as CaCO3 133.75 155.07 403.38 - - - - -
Electrical Conductivity 0.003 dS/m 0.0061dS/m 0.0177dS/m - - - - 0.7 3.0dS/m
TDS 220 438 1268 1000 3500 3500 1000 450 2000
TSS 37 8 11 - - 200 - -
pH 7.96 7.63 7.98 6.5 - 8.5 6 10 6 10 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 8.4
BOD5 26 0 0 - 80 80 -
COD 54 0 0 - 150 400 -
Grease and Oil <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - 10 10 -
Chloride (Cl) 22.82 93.92 110.60 <250 1000 SC <250 4 10 me/l
Fluoride (F) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.5 20 10 <1.5 1
Sulphate (SO4) 66.66 131.68 495.45 - 600 SC - 0 20 me/l
Cadmium (Cd) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01
Chromium (Cr) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.05 1 1 <0.05 0.1
Copper (Cu) <0.005 0.041 0.009 2 1 1 2 0.2
Lead (Pb) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.5 0.5 <0.01 5
Mercury <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001
Selenium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.02
Nickel <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.02 1 1 0.02 0.2
Silver <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 1 1
Zinc <0.005 0.166 0.034 5 5 5 5 2
Parameters
NEQS
WHO
(mg/l)
FAO (mg/l)
SW15 (Canal
Water Near
Compressor
Station)
GW11 (At
National
Highway N-
5 Settlement
of Qazi
Ahmed)
GW12 (Near
Compressor
Station at
Shaheed
Benazirabad)
Drinking
Water
(mg/l)
Inland
water
(mg/l)
Sea water (mg/l)
Barium (Ba) 0.066 0.054 0.043 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.7
Iron (Fe) 1.715 0.011 0.005 8 8 5
Manganese (Mn) 0.007 <0.005 0.020 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.2
Boron 0.080 0.103 0.672 0.3 6 6 0.3 0.7 3.0
Chlorine <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1 1
Arsenic(As) <0.005 <0.005 0.005 0.05 1 0.05 0.1
Ammonia (NH3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 40 40
(SAR)
0.26 1.71 7.45 - - - 20 40
Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)
-0.08 -0.55 1.26 - - - -
Total Colony Count TNTC TNTC TNTC - - - -
Feacal Coliform (E-Coli) Absent 01 Absent
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
126 per 100 ml (Recreation water)
Total Coliform Bacteria 06 06 01
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Must not be
detectable in
100ml sample
-
Magnesium 15.5 22.5 64 -
<250
(Livestock)
Nitrate (NO3) 1.02 1.21 2.98 <50 - <50 <30
Table 4.21: Water Quality of Segment 9 (RD 732-780)
4.3.4 Climate
The climate data is collected from the nearest metrological station for each segment for
the available duration i.e. 1971 to 2000 and the location of stations is given in the Figure
4.4. The climate displayed the average conditions of rainfall, humidity levels, wind
speeds and mean maximum monthly temperature. In general the climate along the
proposed alignment to some extent is similar with a little variation in a few specific cases.

Figure 4.4: Locations of Metrological Stations
Ambient Air and Noise levels were monitored along the proposed pipeline route;
Monitoring locations are indicated in the Table 4.22 below:
Ambient Air Monitoring Points Noise Monitoring Points
At Proposed Compressor Station Near Dasht River At Proposed Compressor Station Near Dasht River
North of Gwadar City near Coastal Highway North of Gwadar City near Coastal Highway
Near Pasni Town At Makran Coastal Highway about 50km from Gwadar city
Near Kalmat Khor Near Pasni Town
Near Alpha Coast Guard Post Ormara Near Kalmat khor
At Aghor Town Wildlife Rest House East End of Hingol National Park
Near Banudi Town At Hingol River
Near Dureji Town West End of Hingol national Park
Near Amri Village Near Miani Hor Lake
At Shaheed Benazirabad near CS3 At start of Dureji Game Reservior
- Near Banudi Town
- Uthal
- Near Amri village
- Shaheed Benazirabad Near Compressor Station-CS3
Table 4.22: Ambient Air and Noise Monitoring Locations
The results were compared with the NEQS and given in the Table 4.23 below and the
complete test report is given in the Annex G for covering all segments.
Ambient Air Standard Noise Level dB(A)
17
Leq
Carbon monoxide (CO)- 5mg/m
3
(8 Hour) Silence Zone- 45-50
Carbon monoxide (CO)- 10mg/m
3
(1 Hour) Residential Area-45-55
Sulphar Dioxide (SO
2
)- 80ug/m
3
(Annual) Commercial Area-55-65
Sulphar Dioxide (SO
2
)- 120 ug/m
3
(24 Hour) Industrial Area-65-75
Oxides of Nitrogen (NO)- 40 ug/m
3
(24 Hour) -
Oxides of Nitrogen (NO
2
)- 80 ug/m
3
(24 Hour) -
Particulate Matter (PM
2.5
)- 40 ug/m
3
(24 Hour) -
2.5
)- 25 ug/m
3
(1 Hour) -
10
)- 250 ug/m
3
(24 Hour) -
Table 4.23: Ambient Air and Noise Standards
4.3.4.1 Segment 1 (RD 0 to RD 180)
The nearest metrological station for this segment is located at Jiwani. Mean maximum
temperature varies from 19
o
C to just above 30
o
C, over a year. Average minimum
temperature varies from 14
o
C to 27
o
C. The relative humidity on a yearly basis in this
segment ranges between 60-78%. The wind speed fluctuates from 4 to 6 knots. The
rainfall varies from a minimum of 0.2mm to a maximum rainfall of 31mm. The graphical
representation of all these parameters is shown below.

17
dB(A)
17
Leq : Time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on Scale A which is relatable to Human Hearing.

The Noise level in this segment was determined within the silence zone.
The Ambient Air Quality in this segment was found reasonably clean and all the pollutant
parameters were observed within the NEQS except the Particulate Matter (PM
2.5
)
concentration which was found exceeding from the NEQS.
4.3.4.2 Segment 2 (RD 180 to RD 240)
This segment comprises Pasni area which witnesses an average temperature of 25
o
C on
an annual basis. The relative humidity falls between 63%-78%. The wind speed ranges
from a low 3.6 to a high 5.8 knots. The precipitation rate is a minimum of 0.4mm to a
maximum of 24mm. The graphical representation of all these parameters is shown
below:


parameters were detected within the NEQS except the PM
2.5
concentration was found to
elevate from the NEQS.
4.3.4.3 Segment 3 (RD 240 to RD 300)
This segment falls in the region of Ormara beaches. These areas bear a mean
temperature of 25
o
C on an annual basis. The total precipitation rate attains a maximum
of 21mm of rainfall annually. The wind speeds can increase up to a maximum of 9.2
knots. The relative humidity ranges within 71-81%. The graphical representation of all
these parameters is shown below.


parameters were observed within the NEQS, except the PM
2.5
concentration which was
found to elevate from the NEQS.
4.3.4.4 Segment 4 (RD 300 to RD 380)
The nearest metrological station for this segment is same as for Segment 3.
Ambient Air Quality in this segment was found reasonably clean as only PM
2.5

concentration which was found to elevate the NEQS.
4.3.4.5 Segment 5 (RD 380 to RD 475)
This region involves HNP within the pipeline surrounding segment. The nearest
metrological station is located in district Lasbela-chak plan. The mean temperature in this
area is 27
o
C on an annual basis. The overall mean precipitation rate is 12.5mm annually.
The winds travel across at the minimum speed of 0.9 knots to a maximum of 2.5% on
average. The mean relative humidity however around 61% at Lesbela. The humidity at
the construction site is likely to be slightly higher than that measured at the metrological
station as the pipeline is closer to sea than the station. The graphical representation of
all these parameters is shown below:


Ambient Air Quality was found reasonably clean only PM
2.5
found to elevate the NEQS.
4.3.4.6 Segment 6 (RD 475 to RD 560)
The nearest metrological station is located at Lasbela therefore the climate condition of
this segment is same as Segment 5.
Ambient Air Quality in this segment was found reasonably clean except the PM
2.5
concentration, all other parameters were found within the NEQS.
4.3.4.7 Segment 7 (RD 560 to RD 722)
This region spreads through Kirthar Mountain Ranges. Metrological station at Khuzdar is
considered to be the nearest metrological station for this segment. The mean
temperature in this segment is around 21
o
C on an annual basis. The mean rainfall in this
segment is 22mm annually. The wind travels across this segment at an average of 3.2
knots. The average relative humidity is about 40%. The graphical representation of all
these parameters is shown below:


The Noise level determined in this segment is mainly found in silence zone,while at
some places it falls within the resedential zone.
parameters were found within the NEQS except the PM
2.5
4.3.4.8 Segment 8 (RD 722 to RD 732)
This segment follows through the Indus River and agricultural plains surrounding it.
Metrological station at Padidan is considered to be the nearest metrological station for
this segment. The mean temperature in this region is 26
o
C annually. The average
precipitation on an annual basis is 10mm. The average wind speeds travelling are about
2 knots. The average relative humidity annually remains high at 61%. The graphical
representation of all these parameters is shown below:


2.5
concentration was found
exceeding the NEQS.
4.3.4.9 Segment 9 (RD 732 to RD 780)
Metrological station at Nawabshah (Shadeed Benazirabad) is considered to be the
nearest metrological station for this segment. The mean max temperature in this
segment is detected in the month of July i.e. almost 36
o
C. The mean rainfall in this
segment is 22mm annually. The wind travels across this segment at an average of 3.5
knots. The average relative humidity is about 62%. The graphical representation of all
these parameters is shown below:


2.5
4.4 Ecological Environment
Based on the field visits, desk studies and the available data, ecological resources of the
entire proposed route of the Gas Pipeline have been divided into 9 segments. This
division is based upon similarities in ecological environments in the Project Area
covering each segment. Each aspect of the ecological resources covering the national
parks, wildlife sanctuaries, reserved forests, trees and vegetation, migratory birds,
aquatic ecology, reptiles and amphibians and red list species are discussed for each of
the segment in the forthcoming subsections:
4.4.1 Flora
Phytogeographically, vegetation of the COI in general is adapted primarily to the hyper
arid, hot tropical marine climate, with a Mediterranean affinity and secondarily to a wide
variety of soil and slope conditions. The principal adaptation is however to the scarcity of
moisture, long hot sunny days, humidity and sea breeze. All the species are self-
generating and self-maintaining under normal circumstances. The characteristic species,
representative of the area, are Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Wild Kikar (Acacia jacquemontii),
Gum Senegal (Acacia senegal), Zizyphus species, Wan (Salvadora oleoides), Kabbar
(Salvadora persica) and Kandi (Prosopis cineraria).
Most of the trees have been lost due to excessive browsing or cutting so the remnants
are isolated groves or more often, one or few scattered specimen. These trees provide
forage for goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), sheep (Ovis aries) cattle and camels (Camelus
dromc darivs). It is preliminarily estimated that about 2010 trees exist in the corridor of
500 m along with C/L of the pipeline. It is pertinent to mention here that this figure is
tentative and based on intial level survey.
Most of the shrub species are non-succulent. Shrubs generally form the dominant layer
of the vegetation cover in the area. These are hard plants with a strong and deep root
system, through which, they draw moisture from the sub soil and a special shoot system,
through which they minimize transpiration. The important plant species belonging to this
group are Laani (Salsola foetida), Shrud (Sueda fruticosa) and Khar (Haloxylon
recurvum).
Among grasses Saccharum species, Ghamur (Panicum antidotale), Karera (Lasiurus
hirsutus), Lemon grass, (Cymbopogon jwarancusa), Pich (Eleusine flagellifera) and Dub
(Desmostachya bipinnata) grow along marshy places or water channels.
4.4.1.1 Segment 1 RD 0 to 180
This stretch of the proposed route falls in Gwadar district and passes through mostly flat
and barren areas. The existing vegetation is sparse and localized near water bodies and
moist places with a vegetation density between 15 to 25%. The vegetative cover is
relatively concentrated in stretches between RD 18 to 23 and RD 64 to 87. Vegetation
includes trees such as Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Kandi (Prosopis cineraria), Wild Kikar
(Acacia jacquemontii) and Jand-Kahur (Prosopis spicigera).
In addition to these trees, orchards of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) are present near
the settlements and water bodies. Moreover Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
trees have been raised by local farmers in their agricultural fields or along the roads in
public sector.
Shrubs found in the tract are Kash (Saccharum griffithii), Shez (Alhaji camelorum), Jaur
(Nerium odorum), Gujjo (Xanthium strumarium), Eshruk (Rhazya stricta), Shrud (Sueda
fruticosa), Pish (Nannorrhops ritchiana) and Ak (Calotropis procera).
Grasses found in this stretch of the proposed route consist of Kana (Saccharum
species), Pich (Eleusine flagellifera) and Hawe (Andropogon species).
4.4.1.2 Segment 2 RD 180 to 240
In this segment, the pipeline passes through hilly terrain. Hills are small and highly
weathered. Various non-perennial streams such as Shadi Kaur, Branguli Kaur and
Rumaro Kaur are located in this portion. The proposed route becomes closer to coastal
area from RD 222 to 227, where the distance from Makran coast is less than 10km.
Proposed route of pipeline touches the southern boundary of Wildlife Sanctuary Buzi
Makola from RD 216 to 232.
The area under proposed alignment in this segment is almost devoid of any tree growth
and only shrubs and grasses are found here. The vegetation density is around 5 to 15%
along this segment with relatively more concentration at RDs 188 and 240. This
vegetation seems to be overgrazed by goats, sheep and camels. Trees noticed in the
COI consist of Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Kandi (Prosopis cineraria), Wild Kikar (Acacia
jacquemontii) and Nimar (Murraya koenigii). Commom shrubs in the COI are Frash bush
(Tamarix dioica), Kash (Saccharum griffithii), Karir (Capparis aphylla), Mullah (Zizyphus
nummularia), Wan (Salvadora oleoides), Alhaji camelorium (Shez), Jaur (Nerium
odorum), Gujjo (Xanthium strumarium), Eshruk (Rhazya stricta), Shrud (Suaeda
fruticosa), Pish (Nannorrophos ritchiana), Teurium chamaedrys and Ak (Calatropis
procera).
Dominant grasses in the area are Lumb (Aristida depressa), Chhimer (Eleusine
compressa) and Kana (Saccharum munja).
4.4.1.3 Segment 3 RD 240 to 300
The proposed pipeline in this segment passes along the northern side of the Kalmat
Khor wetland. This wetland has an area of about 1450 km
2
and is an important bird
habitat. The wetland is a heaven for local as well as migratory birds.
A Wildlife Sanctuary Buzi Makola is located just north of the proposed pipeline route
between RD 240 to 267km. It has an area of about 145,000 hectares. Pipeline passes
mostly through the plain area at the foot of the small hills falling in Buzi Makola.
Vegetation of the tract is typically arid due to high summer temperatures and meager
rainfall. The vegetation density is around 5 to 15% along this segment. It is xerophytic in
character and consists of trees which are very scarce and confined to banks of the
streams and in depressions where the rain water accumulates. These trees consist of
Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Kandi (Prosopis cineraria), Wild Kikar (Acacia jacquemontii), Gaz
(Tamarix aphylla) and Jand-Kahur (Prosopis spicigera). Shrubs found in the tract are
Kash (Saccharum griffithii), Shez (Alhaji camelorum), Jaur (Nerium odorum), Gujjo
(Xanthium strumarium), Eshruk (Rhazya stricta), Shrud (Suaeda fruticosa), Pish
(Nannorrophos ritchiana) Karir (Capparis aphylla) and Ak (Calotropis procera). Date
Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is grown by the local villagers in groves, in open areas, in
their villages.
4.4.1.4 Segment 4 RD 300 to 380
In this segment, the proposed pipeline becomes closer to the coastal area and passes
along an important Ramsar site called Ormara Beaches for a length of approximately
21km from RD 306 to 327.
The vegetation density is around 5 to 15% in this segment and is typically arid, tropical,
coast land consisting of xerophytic species, which are usually thorny, stunted and
dominated by Acacia species. Grass cover is thin and may locally cover the land
completely during the short moist season. Natural vegetation of the area consists of
Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Wild Kikar (Acacia jacquemontii), Kandi (Prosopis cineraria),
Jand-Kahur (Prosopis spicigera), Mesquit (Prosopis spicigera), Jaal (Salvadora oleiods)
and Gaz (Tamarix aphylla). Few fruit trees such as Date Palm and Mangoes are also
seen in the COI. Shrubs consist of Lai (Tamarix dioica), Karir (Capparis deciduas), Shez
(Alhaji camelorum), Kash (Saccharum griffithii), Jaur (Nerium odorum), Gujjo (Xanthium
strumarium), Eshruk (Rhazya stricta), Shrud (Sueda fruticosa), Pish (Nannorrphos
ritchiana), Isabgol (Plantago orata) and Ak (Calatropis procera).
4.4.1.5 Segment 5 RD 380 to 475
In this segment, the proposed pipeline passes through the hilly area up to 431km and
onwards the route area is comparatively flat and mostly sandy. This segment is a part of
the HNP and is located along the northern side of the MCH.
As the climate of the tract is arid sub-tropical, the flora found in the area is tropical thorn
forest type in which thorny usually hard wooded species predominate. Acacia species
being particularly characteristic. The vegetation density is around 15 to 35% in this
segment with relatively more denser in stretch from RD 425 to 475 km.The tract has a
sporadic crop of xerophytic trees, such as Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Wild Kikar (Acacia
Jacquemontii), Kabbar (Salvadora persica), Mesquit (Prosopis juliflora), Karir (Capparis
aphylla) and Gaz (Tamarix aphylla). Small date palm orchards are also in existence near
the habitations and where the moisture is available. Shrubs found in the tract are Kash
(Saccharum griffithii), Shez (Alhaji camelorum), Jaur (Nerium odorum), Gujjo (Xanthium
strumarium), Eshruk (Rhazya stricta), Shrud (Sueda fruticosa), and Pish (Nannorrophos
ritchiana), Karir (Capparis aphylla), Shagosag (Drymaria cordata) and Ak (Calatropis
procera).
4.4.1.6 Segment 6 RD 475 to 560
The proposed pipeline in this segment passes close (3 to 6km) to Miani Hor wetland
from RD 490 to 508km. Mostly the area is flat and barren and pipeline also crosses a
desert in this section from RD 468 to 479km.
The vegetation density is approximately 20 to 35% with relatively more density around
RDs 486, 487, 515-520, 548 and 554. Scattered trees of Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Mesquit
(Prosopis juliflora) and Frash (Tamarix aphylla) are seen in the few agricultural fields,
along the streams, nullahs and in moist places. Small groves of Date Palm trees exist
near habitations and where moisture is available. Ak (Calatropis procera) and Shez
(Alhaji camelorum) are the common shrubs. Detail of trees, shrubs and herbs are
described in the Table: 4.24.
Trees Herbs Shrubs
Local
Name
Scientific Name Local
Name
Scientific Name Local
Name
Scientific
Name
Chish/kikar Acacia nilotica Pish Nannorrophos
ritchiana
Karir

Capparis
aphylla
Coconut Cocos nucifera Shrud Sueda fruiticosa Jaur Nerium
odorum
Gaz Tamarix aphylla Gujjo Xanthium
strumarium
Kaash Sachrum spp.
Chirgid Acacia
jacquemontii
- - - -
Kabba Jal Salvadora
persica
- - - -
Kandi Prosopis
cineraria
- - - -
Table 4.24: Details of Trees, Shrubs and Hurbs
4.4.1.7 Segment 7 RD 560 to 722
In this segment, pipeline passes through the mountainous area of Dureji Game Reserve
Area from RD 615 to 648 and then it traverses along the outer northern boundary of the
KNP. However pipeline does not cross the park. The Kirthar range makes up the
boundary which separates the province of Sindh from Balochistan at Lasbela District RD
659.
The vegetation density is approximately 20 to 35% with relatively more dense around
RDs 554,582, 593 and 594. The tract has deciduous xerophytic trees and shrubs form
open communities related to soil texture, depth and physiographic factors. The principal
vegetation of the area comprises of trees such as Gum senegal (Acacia Senegal),
Chish/Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Kandi (Prosopis cineraria), Gurgura (Reptonia buxifolia),
Gaz (Tamarix aphylla), Kabbar (Salvadora persica), Kirri (Tamarix articulata), Jand
(Prosopis spicigera), Jall (Salvadora oleoides), Desert Teak (Tecomella undulata), Ber
(Zizyphus nummularia) kaier/Murkeet (Capparis decidra) Murkheit (Capparis decidua),
Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo).
Shrubs found in the tract are Kash (Saccharum griffithii), Shez (Alhaji camelorum), Jaur
(Nerium odorum), Gujjo (Xanthium strumarium), Eshruk (Rhazya stricta), Shrud (Sueda
fruticosa), Pish (Nannorrhops ritchiana), Kandara (Solanum xanthocarpum), Booi (Aerva
javanica), Laani (Salsola foetida), Lai (Tamarix dioicia) and Ak (Calotropis procera).
In addition to above trees and shrubs, orchards of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) are
present near the settlements and water bodies. Moreover Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
camaldulensis), Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) trees have
been raised by local farmers in their agricultural fields or along the roads. Grasses found
in this stretch consist of Khabbal (Cynodon dactylon) whereas Kana (Saccharum
species) are mostly located near marshy places or water channels. Other grasses found
in this segment are Kaipich (Eleusine flagellifera) and Sinn (Elionrus hirsutus).
4.4.1.8 Segment 8 RD 722 to 732
The proposed alignment crosses the Indus River and two Reserve Forests located on
the left and right banks of the Indus namely Amri on the left bank and Nasri on the right
bank. The forest cover is approximately 15 to 25% and crop cover is around 75%. As per
field observations, major trees observed are Shisham (Dalbergia sisso), Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus oblique), Babul (Acacia Arabica), Thoma (Allium sativum), Ber (Zizyphus
jujuba), Baid Mushk (Eucalypts camaldulensis), Kandara (Solanum xanthocarpum), Date
Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Amaltas (Cassia fistula), Mango (Mangifera indica), Akk sin
(Calotropis Procera), Laee (Tamarix dloica), Dodak (Spergula arvensis) and Saar
(Sabatia angularis).
Grasses, which grow in this tract, are Kana (Sacchrum munja) and Typha (Typha
angustifolia). Chimmer (Eleusine compressa) is also found growing among the pebbles
in the river plain.
4.4.1.9 Segment 9 RD 732 to 780
As the climate of the area is semi-arid and sub-tropical the vegetation of the tract falls
under scrub, dry, thorn forest type, as per phytogeographical classification of the area. In
this segment, the route passes through the agricultural plains of Sindh Province-District
Jamshoro and ends up in District Shaheed Benazirabad. The forest cover is
approximately 15 to 25% and crop cover is around 75%.
Flora of the COI falls in scrub dry tropical thorn forest zone. This is the natural vegetation
of the Indus basin. The flora consists of thorny and hard wooded species with Acacia
species being the dominant one.
Native trees of the tract are Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Jand (Prosopis cineraria), Jal
(Salvadora oleoides), Frash (Tamarix aphylla), Karir (Capparis deciduas), and Ber
(Zizyphus jujuba).
After, introduction of the irrigation system and conversion of barren lands into fertile,
agricultural lands, farmers have raised variety of trees along the boundaries of their
fields, whereas in public sector, trees have been planted, along the roads, canals etc.
These trees are mostly of Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Sufeda (Eucalyptus camaldulensis),
Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Sirris (Albizia lebbeck) and Aam (Mangifera indica).

Shrubs found in the area are Lai (Tamarix dioica), Ak (Calotropis procera), Thaur
(Euphorbia caducifolia), Mullah (Zizyphus nummularia) and Mesquit (Prosopis juliflora)
4.4.2 Fauna
The fauna diversity is high in the area although the numbers of animals are often rather
low. Many of the wild animals are attractive to the sport hunters. Some of the gems
among the wildlife such as Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythii), Urial (Ovis orientalis)
and Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) are seen in preserved areas of HNP and KNP. A large
number of bird species have also been recorded in the tract and these include the
species of concern such as Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata), Eagles (Aquila
rapax), Falcons (Falco peregrinus) etc. Large number of migratory birds visited the
coastal areas of Balochistan during winter. They include grebes (Podilymbus), pelicans
(Pelecanus conspicillatus), herons and waders (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus). The
endangered and vulnerable species of fauna are given in Table 4.25. The segment wise
fauna is discussed below:

C ON S U L T A N T I L F / N E S P A K P a g e 189 of 518
SR. SPECIE IUCN CLASSIFICATION HABITAT TYPE
OBSERVED/REPORTED IN SEGMENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Sindh Ibex Vulnerable Mountains
2 Jungle Cat Least Concern Mountains
3 Wild Goat Endangered Mountains
4 Charagh Low Risk Mountains
5 Urial Vulnerable Hingol National Park
6 Chinkara
Least Concern
Hingol National Park
7 Olive Ridley Vulnerable Along the Coast
8 Green turtles Endangered Along the Coast
9 Sindh Leopard Critically Endangered Hingol National Park
10 Houbara Bustard
Vulnerable
Deserts
11 Falcon Least Concern Tropics & Deserts
12 Eagle
Vulnerable
Subtropical & tropical dry
forests

13 Spiny Tail Lizard N.A Hingol National Park
14 Marsh Crocodile Threatened
Sparsely wooded
mountainous regions

15 Indus River Dolphin Endangered Indus River
16 Gray Wolf Endangered Tundras &Plains
17 Stripped Hyena Low Risk Semi deserts
Table 4.25: Endangered, Threatened and Vulnerable Floral and Faunal Species
4.4.2.1 Segment 1 RD 0 to 180
As most of the area in this segment is barren the faunal species are also scarce.
However, mammals found in the area are Jackal (Canis aureus), Wildboar (Sus scrofa),
Fox (Vulpus vulpus), Rats (Mus musculus), Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and Indian
Hare (Lepus nigricollis). Species, which were once common but now are sighted only
rarely are Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythii) and Charag
(Hyaena hyaena).
Various species of birds have been reported in and around COI such as House Sparrow
(Passer domesticus), House Crow (Corvus splendens), Mynah (Acridotheres tristis), etc.
These birds like pigeon (Columba livia) and Hoopoe (Upupa epops) are spotted
frequently near the ponds and the agricultural fields. Apart from these birds, Partridges
(francolinus pondicerianus), Quail (Coturnix coturnix), See See Partridge (Ammoperdix
griseogularis) and Sand Grouse (Pteroclidae) are also reported. Little egrets (Egretta
garzetta) are found near the ponds or the marshy places.
Reptiles
Reptiles include snakes like cobra (Naja naja) and rat eater snakes. Small lizards
(Lacertilia) are also a common sight in the area. These include spiny tailed lizard
(Uromastyx hardwickii) and fringed toed sand lizard (Acanthodactylus cantoris). Marsh
Crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) are also sighted in Dasht River (RD 12-13).
Migratory Birds
The project area in this segment along the Jiwani Coastal Wetlands is the wintering
ground of numerous waders (Calidris pusilla) and waterfowls in the winters such as
Cheres (Orthotomus sutorius), Crane (Grus Americana) as well as a breeding ground for
many resident species of birds. There is a diverse marine life found along this coastline.
Migratory Birds of Jiwani Coastal Wetlands also include Black-necked Grebe (Podiceps
nigricollis),Western Reef Heron (Egrette gularis), Sparrow Hawk (Accipiter nisus),
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), Eurasian Oyster Catcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Stone
Plover (Esacus recurvirostris Greater), Ruddy-turn stone (Arenaria interpres), Sooty Gull
(Larus hemprichii), Great Crested Tern (Sterna bergii), Little Tern (Sterna albifrons) and
Lesser Crested Tern (Sterna bengalensis).
Fish
Dasht River is the main water body within this segment. The river includes large variety
of fish species including flat fish, sardinals, other clupieform, wolfhairring, large makral,
small makral, tuna, cat fish (Bagariusyarrelli), eels, barracuda, marlin, millets, thread fin
fish, large grouper, small grouper, shrimp, crabs, lobster, cuttle fish, jelly fish etc.
4.4.2.2 Segment 2 RD180 to 240
The area was sometimes back rich in wildlife. Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythii) and
Urial (Ovis orientalis), once commonly seen in the tract, are now a rarity. At present
Jackal (Canis aureus), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and
Hare (Lepus nigricollis) are still found.
Species, which were once common, but now are sighted only rarely, also include Jungle
Cat (Felis chaus) and Charag (Hyaena hyaena). Among the birds, House Sparrow
(Passer domesticus), House Crow (Corvus splendens), Mynah (Acridotheres tristis), etc.
are common. Eagles (Aquila rapax) and Falcons (Falco peregrinus) are also spotted in
the area. In addition to these, Grey Partridges (Francolinus pondicerianus), Quail
(Coturnix coturnix), see see Partridges (Ammoperdix griseogularis), Sand Grouse
(Pterocles syrrhaptes) have also been reported in the area.
Reptiles
Reptiles reported in the COI and its vicinity are Cobra (Naja naja), Indian Krait (Bungarus
caeruleus), Spiny tailed Lizard (Uromastyx hardwickii), Fringe tingered Lizard
(Acanthodactylus cantoris) and Brown Turtle (Kachuga smithii).
Amphibians
Amphibians found in area include Common frog (Rana figrina) and Common toad (Bufo
bufo).
4.4.2.3 Segment 3 RD 240 to 300
Mammals frequently sighted in the COI and its surroundings are Jackal (Canis aureus),
Wild Boar (Sus scrofa). Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythll), Jungle Cat (Felis chaus),
Urial (Ovis orientalis) and Charagh (Hyaena hyaena) are rarely observed in the hills in
the north and are classified as endangered species. Fox (Vulpus vulpus), Porcupine
(Hystrix indica) and squirrel (Funambulus pennantii) are also occasionally seen.
Birds like House sparrow (Passer domesticus) House Crow (Corvus splendens) and
Mynah (Acridotheres tristis) are the common sight in the few settlements found along the
proposed alignment. In addition to these, birds like Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis
undulata), Eagle (Aquila rapax) and Falcon (Falco peregrinus) are also seen in the hills
of Buzi Makola towards north.
The Kalmat Khor wetland is a heaven for water fowls and provides the habitat for
thousands of migrating/local birds. The major species of the birds found here include
different types of ducks (Anatidae), Flamingos (Phoenicopterus), Herons and Egrets.

Reptiles
Reptiles include snakes like cobra (Naja naja) and rat eater snakes. Small lizards
(Lacertilia) are also a common sight in the area. These include spiny tailed lizard
(Uromastyx hardwickii) and fringed toed sand lizard (Acanthodactylus contoris).
Migratory Birds
Migratory birds from Siberia visit the coastal areas of Balochistan including Kalmat
Khor during winter months. These water birds, which visit these areas, include
grebes (Podicipedidae), pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus), herons (Ardeidae),
flamingos (Phoenicopterus), waders (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus) and terus
(chlidonias).
4.4.2.4 Segment 4 RD 300 to 380
Faunal species commonly found in this tract are Jackal (Canis aureus), Fox (Vulpus
vulpus), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) and Chinkara (Gazella
bennettii). Species, which are scarce and are considered as vulnerable, include Sindh
Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythii) and Urial (Ovis orientalis).
Reptiles and Amphibians
A considerable number of marine turtles are supported along the Ormara Beaches,
including the endangered Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Green turtles
(Chelonia mydas). In addition to these, lizards like spiny tailed lizard (Uromastyx
hardwickii), fringe fingered lizard (Acanthodactylus contoris) and frogs (Rana tigrina) are
common.
Birds
The bird communities found in the tract include a variety of residential and migratory
birds. A list of such birds is given in Table 4.26.
Sr. No. Local/English Names Scientific Names
1 Partridge Francolinus pondicerianus
2 Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulate
3 Falcon Falco peregrines
4 Sand Grouse Pterocles Syrrhaptes
5 Cone Headed Sand Grouse Pterocles coronatus
6 Eagle Aquila rapax
7 Brown Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus
Table 4.26: List of Birds in The Area
Migratory Birds
This beach does not support significant number of migratory birds. However migratory
birds such as Dalmatian, Pelicans (Pelicanus Conspicillatus) and Crane (Demoiselle
crane) and Tailor (Orthotomus sutorius) are reported near the coastline.
4.4.2.5 Segment 5 RD 380 to 475
In this segment, the proposed pipeline passes through the hilly area up to 431km and
onwards the route area is comparatively flat and mostly sandy. This segment is a part of
the HNP, and is located along the northern side of the MCH.
The tract is part of the HNP and is the habitat for Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythii),
Urial (Ovis orientalis), which are vulnerable as per red list prepared by International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) is least
concen according to the same list. Mammals of the area include Sindh leopard (Panthera
Leo) designated as critically endangered. Indian Fox (Vulpes vulpes) is Rare. However
Jackal (Canis aureus), HedgeHog (Erinaceus europaeus), Porcupine (Hystrix indica),
Grey Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), Rock Mouse (Peromyscus nasutus), Indian
Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) and Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) are common.
Among birds, House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), House Crow (Corvus splendens)
and Mynah (Acridotheres tristis) are the most common sight in the tract. In addition to
these birds Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), Koel (Eudynamys scolopacea), Parrots
(Psittacula krameri) and Pigeons (Columba livia) are also seen in the area. Falcon (Falco
peregrinus) is least concern and Eagle (Aquila hastata) is vulnerable species of this
segment.
Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Green Marine Turtles (Chelonia mydas) are
found along the coast in this segment. The vulnerable Spiny Tail Lizard (Uromastyx
hardwickii) a mainly vegetarian lizard finds its most western distribution in Hingol.
The River Hingol has been nurturing crocodiles for centuries and they can be observed
from the main highway and everywhere in the river.
Fish
River Hingol supports many endemic species of fish including Scad, Indian Mekeral,
Queen Fish, Travelly, Large Croaker, Small Croaker, Crabs, Lobster, Hairtail, Empror,
Tuna, Flat Fish, Shrimp, Wolfhairring, Scad and threatened species of fish, such as the
Mahasheer occur and schools of Plumbeous Dolphins (Sousa plumbea) are known from
close in-shoreareas.
Endangered Species
Endangered species are enlisted below:
1. Sind Leopard (Critically Endangered)
2. Sind Ibex (Vulnerable)
3. Chinkara Deer (Least concern)
4. Urial (Vulnerable)

Amongst the birds, Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulate) is declared as Vulnerable.
4.4.2.6 Segment 6 RD 475 to 560
Fauna of area, comprising this segment, consists of mammals such as Jackal (Canis
aureus), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Indian Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and Hare
(Lepis nigricollis). Commonly found mammals include Squirrels (Funambulus
palmaruius).
Birds found in the area, include, House sparrow (Passer domesticus), House Crow
(Corvus splendens), Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), Mynah (Acridotheres tristis),
Partridge (Francolinus pondicerianus). Among birds, Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis
undulate) and Eagles (Aquila rapax) are vulnerable species.
Reptiles
Reptiles include Cobra (Naja naja), Rat Eater Snake and Sindh Krait (Bungarus
caeruleus). A variety of Lizards are also seen along the shore including medium size
Lizard called Sanda (Uromastyx hardwickii) in local language.
4.4.2.7 Segment 7 RD 560 to 720
The tract is rich in wildlife and the area south of pipeline has been declared as National
Park called as KNP. The proposed alignment passes close to the north westen edge of
the park and does not cross.
Mammals
This area, along with the park area is habitat for, three herbivores species, including
Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythii), Urial (Ovis orientalis) and Chinkara (Gazella
bennettii) and three rare predators such as Wolf (Canis lupus), Striped Hyaena (Hyaena
hyaena) and Jungle Cat (Felis chaus). The details of the habitat are discussed under the
section of national park.
Birds
This area has a large number of bird species including imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca),
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax), Egyptian vulture
(Neophron percnopterus), Cinereous Vulture (Ayps tulrus), Lanner Falcon (Falco
biarmicus), Eurasian Griffon vulture. In addition to these birds, See see Partridge
(Ammoperdix griseogularis), Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), Indian Roller
(Coracias benghalensis), Common Hoopoe (Upupa epops), Little Egret (Egretta
garzetta), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and House Crow (Corvus splendens) are
common observation. Other birds found in the area are given in the Table 4.27.

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
See See Partridge Ammoperdix
griseogularis
Teal Anas crecca
Falcon Falco rusticolus Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata
Owl Strigiformes Mallards Anas platyrhynchos
Partridges Francolinus
pondicerianus
Ducks Anatidae
Bat Chiroptera Pelicans Pelecanus onocrotalus
Quail Coturnix coturnix Tailor Orthotomus sutorius
Pigeon Columba livia - -
Dove Zenaida species - -
Table 4.27: List of Birds in The Segment
Reptiles
The Rock Python, Sindh Cobra, Russell's Viper, Saw-scaled Viper, Sindh Krait, Royal
Rat Snake (Spalerosophis diadema), Tortoises (Testudinidae), Desert Monitor Lizard
(Varanus griseus), Yellow Monitor lizard (Varanus flavescens), Marsh Crocodile
(Crocodylus palustris) and different species of Lizard and Chameleon are reported in the
tract.
Fish
Variety of fish species that increase in abundance during periods of high water (Hub
River). Main fish species found in this river are Large Makral, Small Makral, Lobster,
Hairtail, Emperor, Tuna, Flat Fish, Shrimp and several snakehead fishes. The
Mahasheer (Tor putitora) an indigenous riverine fish found in the Hub River grows up to
2m in length and provides for excellent angling.
Critical Species
Endangered species in areas are the same as in segment-5
4.4.2.8 Segment 8 RD 722 to 732
The fauna, noticed or reported along the proposed route in this segment includes
mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds. In this segment proposed alignment crosses
the Indus River.
Mammals
Jackals (Canis aureus), Porcupines (Hystrix indica), Hare (Lepis nigricollis), Rats (Rattus
Norregicus), Mongoose (Herpestes species) are the common mammals. Wild Boar (Sus
scrofa) is often seen in the forest areas on both sides of the Indus and causes
destruction to agricultural fields present in these forests. Similarly Sindh Ibex (Capra
aegagrus bylthii), Urial (Ovis Orientalis), jungle cat (Felis chaus) and other wild mammals
living in the Kirthar hills, occasionally come down in search of food and water in this area
especially during the dry season.
Birds
The bird communities found in the area include a variety of residential and migratory
birds. A list of such birds is given in Table 4.28.
Sr. No. Local Name Scientific Name
1 House Sparrow Passer domesticus
2 House Crow Corvus splendens
3 Mynah Acridotheres tristis
4 Parrot or Parakeet Psittacula krameri
5 Pigeon Columba livia
6 Partridge Grey Fracncolinus pondicerianus
7 Quail coturnix coturnix
8 Bank Mynah Acridotheres ginginianus
9 Little Egret Egretta garzetta
10 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos
11 Jal Koothri Fulica atra
12 River Tern Sterna aurantia
13 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax
14 Shikra Accipeter badius
15 Ring Dove Streptopelia decaocto
16 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea
17 Houbara Bustard Chalmydotis undulata
Table 4.28: List of Birds in Segement-8
These consist of lizards such as Spiny Tailed Lizard (Uromastyx hardwickii), Fringed
Toed Lizard (Acanthodactylus cantoris) and snakes such as Cobra (Naja naja), Sindh
Krait (Bungarus species), Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosis). Indian Monitor Lizard (Varanus
species) lives in burrows and holes found in the adjoining hills.
In addition to the Turtles (Kachuga smithii), Frogs (Rana tigrina) and common Toads
(Bufo bufo) are also noticed along the water collections in the river bed area.
Fish
The blind Indus River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor), Side-swimming Dolphin and
Susu is a sub-species of dolphin found only in the Indus River. It formerly also occurred
in the tributaries of the Indus river. According to World Wildlife Fund (WWF) claims, it is
one of the most threatened cetaceans species with only about 1000 still existing.
Palla fish (Hilsa) of the river is a delicacy for people living along the river. The population
of fishes in the river is moderately high, with Sukkur, Thatta and Kotri being the major
fishing centers - all in the lower Sindh course. But damming and irrigation has made fish
farming an important economic activity.
Numerous species of endemic fish are found in the delta are Cat Fish (Bagariusyarrelli),
Zipper Loach, Carplet (Aspidopariamorar), Silver Hatchet Chela (Chela cachius), Rahu
(Labeodero), Indus baril (Bariliusmodestus), Indus garua (Clupisomanaziri) and Rita
catfish (Rita rita). The delta is inhabited by several snakehead fishes including the giant
snakehead (Channamarulius) that grows up to 2m (7 ft) in length and feeds on local fish,
frogs, snakes, insects, and earthworms (and reportedly even waterbirds). The Hilsa fish,
which can swim up to 71km per day, seasonally migrates from the Arabian Sea to spawn
in the freshwater regions of the delta. The golden mahasheer are also found in this river.
4.4.2.9 Segment 9 RD 732 to 780
The COI and its surrounding were sometime back rich in wildlife. At present Jackal
(Cannis aureus), Squirrel (Funambulus palmareem), Fox (Vulpus vulpus), Mangoose
(Herpestes species), Rats (Mus musculus) are still common in the area. Gray Wolf
(Canis lupus) is also reported and is an endangered species. Striped Hyena (Hyaena
Hyaena) is also in rarity and marked as a low risk species.
Porcupine (Hystrix indica) causes damage to young plants and crops and is commonly
found.
Turtles are common in the area, especially in moist areas and during rains. Domestic
animals include goats (Capra hircus), sheep (Ovis Aries), camel (Camelus), cows (B.
primigenius) and buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). Another domestic draught animal is donkey
(Equus asinus), which is used for pulling carts etc. Grey and black partridges though
present in the area have been reduced to a minimum quantity due to excessive hunting.
Other birds include Koel (Eudynamys scolopacea), Chai and barn owl (Tyto Alba).
Many varieties of water fowls, both local and migratory are abundantly seen along the
water bodies, lakes and ponds. It has been reported by WWF that the presence of blind
Dolphin has also been reported, details are provided in section Aquatic Ecology. A list of
birds found in this portion of the proposed alignment as seen or reported by our survey
team is given in Table: 4.29.
1 House Sparrow Passer domesticus
2 House Crow Corvus splendens
3 Little Egret Egretta garzetta
4 Bank Myna Acridotheres gingianus
5 Grey Partridge Farancolinus pondicerianus
6 Pintail Anas acuta
7 Tawny Eage Aquila rapax
8 Common Mynah Acridotheres tristis
9 Great Flamingo Pheonicopterus ruber
10 Great Pelican Pelicanus onocrotalus
11 Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola
12 Mabled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris
13 Pied wagtail Motacilla alba
14 King fisher Alcedo atthis
15 Common Coat Fulica atra
Table 4.29: List of Birds in Segment 9
Reptiles
These include snakes like Cobra (Naja naja), Rattle Snakes (Caotalus Cerastes) and Rat
Eater Snakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis). Small and medium sized lizards are also a
common sight in the area. These include Spiny Tailed Lizard (Uromastyx hardwickii) and
Fringed Toed Lizard (Acanthodactylus cantoris).
4.4.3 National Parks
There are more than 15 protected areas in Pakistan which are known as national parks.
As of 2009, some of these are under supervision of respective provincial governments
and remaining are in private care. Only some of these are under the conservation scope
of IUCN. Protection and conservation of the environment of Pakistan was included in the
concurrent constitution of 1973. As a result, Environment Protection Ordinance was
enacted in 1983, which was mainly regulated by the Environment and Urban Affairs
Division. Later, a new system of 'Modern Protected Areas' legislation began at the
provincial level which assigned the protected areas with designations such as national
parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves. The development of national parks was
mainly carried out by National Conservation Strategy (NCS) of 1992. Due to more
awareness about their importance in conservation of biodiversity, 10 national parks have
been established during the time period from 1993 to 2005.
According to the 'Modern Protected Areas' legislation, a national park is a protected area
set aside by the government for the protection and conservation of its outstanding
scenery and wildlife in a natural state. It is accessible to public for research, education
and recreation. In order to promote public use, construction of roads and rest houses is
permitted. However, use of firearms, polluting water, cleaning of land for cultivation,
destruction of wildlife is banned in these areas. The pipeline passes through HNP
(Segment-5) and along the northern boundry of KNP (Segment-7).
The relevant details of these parks are described in the following sub-sections and
Annex H shows the protected areas.
4.4.3.1 Hingol National Park
The HNP is named after the Hingol River that flows through the center of the Park and
empties into the Arabian Sea. It was established in 1989 and spaced over an area of
167,000 hectares. The HNP was formed by the integration of three areas: Dhrun, Hingol
and the area in between Rodni-Kacho and the Northern Plains. Being the largest
National Park in Pakistan and the only one with integrated terrestrial and marine
habitats, it has a unique setting. The Hingol River, the largest river outside the lndus
River system, forms an integrated link between mountains, valleys, riverine habitats,
sand dunes, and the Arabian Sea. The main features as summarized from Balochistan
wildlife and forest department are presented in the next sections.
Physical and Ecological Features of the Park
18

Dhrun Mountain and Rodini-Kacho: The mountain block of Dhrun and Rodini-Kacho is
the highest mountain block in the HNP and ranges from about 200-1580m (Shak
Mountain). The western, northern and eastern slopes of the mountains are steep and
bare. The Dhrun River Gorge has luxurious vegetation in several parts, with extensive
stands for Date Palm.
The Dhrun Mountain forms an important habitat for Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythii)
and Urial (Ovis orientalis). Even black Bear (extinct) used to occur there, attracted by the
extensive stands of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) in the ravines. The valley and upper
slopes of Rodini-Kacho provide a good habitat for Ibex that has still a good population
there. Urial and Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) are surviving, but in small numbers. Hunting
during the last few decades has disappeared the Striped Hyena (Hyaena Hyaena),
Desert Wolf, and Leopard (Panthera pardus). Crocodile has also been reported from the
Kacho River in Rodini-Kacho.
The northern flanks of Dhrun Mountain block called the Kohar-Kowar or Korak carry
good Chinkara population and still have a remnant Chinkara and also Urial population.
Tranch Mountain Valleys and Surroundings: The mountain areas around the Tranch
valley include in the North the Nali Mountains and Durgi Mountains, in the East the Soruti
Mountain Range, in the south the Kari Mountains and Chedesk or Cheresk Mountains
and in the west the Burzain Mountains, the later connects with the Kullit Mountain Block.
The Tranch valley is the largest in the Park located east of the Hingol River. The central
part of the Tranch valley is relatively bare and degraded and densely populated.
The Tranch valley area has large areas of ripple plains with little wildlife. Bird species
include Sandgrouse e.g., Crowned Sandgrouse (Pterocles coronatus). Brown necked
raven (Carvus ruficollis). All bird species are in low numbers and thinly spread and
include the Desert Wheatear (Oenanthe deserti) and Southern Grey Shrike (Lanius
meridionalis). Cape Hare (Lepus capensis) frequents the plains where scarce vegetation
is found at sandy shallow gully areas on the ripple plains and in sandy riverbeds.
The sandy stream beds have more wildlife including jackals (Canus aureus), foxes
(Vulpes vulpes) in particular in the eastern area of the valley. Common birds are White-
eared Bulbuls (Pycnonotus leucotis), Larks mainly Desert Lark (Amomanes deserti) and
some migratory birds. Lesser White Throats (Sylvia curruca) are found in more dense
vegetations of Tamarix. The area is relatively rich in rodent populations and lizards. For
example, Indian Fringe-Toad Sand Lizard (Acanthodactylus cantoris), and Afghan
Ground Agama (Trapelus megalonyx) are common.

18
Management Plan Hingol National Park (Field Version)-Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department
Rack Hills: The Eastern part of the valley has an extensive sand dune area at the flanks
of the eastern Mountain range the Soruti Mountain Range. Active dunes of some 15-30
m high with diverse vegetation have a relatively rich bird life. Bird species noted were
Common Babbler (Turdoides caudatus), White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis), and
at least three other species. The area has reportedly a good population of foxes and
Jackals (Canis aureus). It is a very distinct area within the Park, and probably comprises
the largest inland high active sand dune area in the Park.
The Burzain Mountain is used much for Ibex hunting. The Urial was only reported from
the eastern mountains in the upper Pachhri and Deko Beharo areas.
Desert Northern Plains:
Ecological Features
The northern plains are defined as the area between the Phol Dhat Gorge/Gurangatti-
Kullit Mountains at the south side and the Dhrun-Rodini-Kacho Mountains at the North
side. At the eastern side, the northern plains end at the Babro Gorge between Lakhsar
Washiab-Kund Mountains and the Upper Tranch-Gharai Mountains, and in the northeast
with Arra Gorge between Kukeri Bhent/Dali Hinj and Kunali Oxbow/Shali Bhent area. In
the west, the northern plains continue with the Kolwa plains.
The flood plains vary from a few hundred meters to about a kilometer wide in some
places. In particular the Nal-Hingol River has large permanent pools and provides a
habitat for crocodiles. The northern slopes of Gurangatti and Kullit Mountain are moist
area with relative more wildlife potential.
The flood plans are partly carrying dense vegetation of Panicum grasses and provide the
best habitat for Chinkara (Gazella bennettii). Several groups of Chinkara still exist in the
Nal-Parken plains of Phol Dhat, the Arra River and Kacho River and elsewhere In the
Northern Plains. Also Leopard (Panthera pardus), Hyena (Hyaena stricta) is reported to
survive in the northern plains. The status of Desert Wolf is uncertain. The Urial is
reported to be common in the Babro River area - Madooi area and is also reported from
the southern flanks of the Rudia Mountains.
Marsh Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) is common in the Hingol River and also regularly
reported from other rivers in the northern plains when and where, there is water. They
are recorded from Arra River as far as Guchi Dap that is about 5 hours downstream from
Kuken Bhent. At Parken River they occur to some 2 hours upstream from Daud Bhent in
the Reno-shardo area. The Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is reported from the Hingol-Nal River
banks.
Agriculture
Agriculture is practiced all over the Park in every valley and plain, where there is a
hamlet and sufficient water to harvest. Most agricultural areas are found in sandy and
loamy soils with relatively better water conservation than clay soils.
The agriculture fields have good tree cover with good foliage. The main species in the
agriculture fields are Kandi (Prosopis cineraria), Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Peelu (Salvadora
oleoides) and Mullah (Zizyphus nummularia). Several fields have large while some have
very old trees.
The agriculture fields are developed through water harvesting or water spreading
systems. Water harvesting has been developed for the production of crops in the flood
plain areas. The floodwater is also being used for conserving moisture in the fields by
diverting it from the river. Locally, some cultivation was also observed under rain-fed
condition on sandy soil.
Castor (Ricinus communis), Sorghum (Sorghum halepense), Guar (Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba) beans and Mung (Vigna radiata) are the main cultivated crops. In winter
they also cultivate grams and wheat if the area receives good winter rains.
Mostly cultivation is carried out with draught animals (camels and bullocks) but at some
more accessible areas tractors are used for land preparation and ploughing. The land
leveling and ploughing destroys the original (micro) habitat of sand dunes, together with
its vegetation and about all its wildlife of mainly rodents and lizards.
Useful Plants
Useful plants fall mainly in the categories fodder for livestock, fuel wood, and
construction wood for roofing and small implements, branches for livestock fencing, and
medicinal plants for people and livestock. The Mazari Palm (Nannorrhops ritchiana) is
useful plant and occurs only at higher elevation as found in the northern part of the Park
where it is common in the stream bed vegetation. The other suitable plants as fodder for
camels and goats are common in the vegetative zones.
Wildlife Features
Important wildlife of coastal foothills and plains include lizards and snakes, and of plains
and sand dune areas include Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus),
Hare (Lepus nigricollis), Balochistan Gerbil, Desert Jird (Meriones hurrianae), Larks
(Alaudidae), Sand Grouses (Pteroclidae), Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) and Lizards
(Lacertilia). Species that were frequent in coastal plains but have largely disappeared
include Chinkara, Desert Wolf and Hyena (Hyaena stricta). Species of the coastal hills
also include the Honey badger (Mellivora capensis) which frequents both coastal plains
and hill areas. Dolphins (Steno bredanensis) are commonly sighted along the coast,
sometimes in big schools of up to 30 or more. Dolphins (Steno bredanensis), Marine
turtles (Chelonia mydas), Sea snakes (Pelamis platurus), Crabs (Brachyura), etc., are
the major marine species.
Wildlife of Central Hingol include Spotted Owlet (Athene brama), Sindh Woodpecker
(Dendrocopos assimilis), Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis), Rock Pigeon (Columba
livia), White-breasted Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis), Black Drongo (Dicrurus
macrocercus), Rufous-tailed Shrike (Lanius isabellinus), Indian Silverbell, Lesser White
throat (Sylvia curruca), Brown-necked Raven or Desert Raven (Corvus ruficollis) and
Indian Garden Lizard.
Birds of the freshwater riverbanks include Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Pacific Reef
Egret (Egretta sacra), Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Red-
wattled Plover, Yellow-throated Bittern, Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), Common
Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), and the critically endangered Sociable Plover (Vanellus
gregarius), and a number of Birds of Prey such as Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). Marsh
crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) is present all in major water stretches of the Hingol
River. Also fresh water mudskippers (Periophthalmus barbarus) and Green Toad (Rana
Clamitans), Brilliant Agama and Indian Water monitor are found.
Although most of the species mentioned above are important feature of HNP, but Urial,
Chinkara and Ibex are the most important ones with some details as mentioned below;
Urial: The current Urial population in Hingol seem to be in largest population in the
Machi-Pachhri/Dheko Beharo area, and the babro River-Madooi area, while smaller
populations are reported from Mazaro, Harian and Rodan Kacho (southern slopes) and
the Dhrun northeast foothills (Kowar) and outside the Park in the Sangori area. The Urial
is occurring in small populations only (Machi 40-60; Rodini-Kacho-Daraj 25-30; Harian
10-20; Sangoi 20-30) the total population may be a few hundred only. Figure 4.5 below
shows the potential habitat Urial in HNP.

Figure 4.5: Potential Urial Habitat in the National Hingol Park
19

Ibex: The Ibex is widespread in Pakistan with high numbers in Kirthar and Dureji. Within
HNP, Ibex still inhabits all the mountain ranges. It is estimated to be again quite
numerous (some 600-800) in the Hinglaj-Nani Mountains due to effective protection
measures since last few years. However, most mountain ranges have a depleted Ibex
population due to indiscriminate hunting and also because of the effect of long drought
periods reportedly taking a severe toll in the period 2000-2004. The total population may
be about 3,000 or even more. Figure 4.6 below shows the potential habitat Ibex in HNP.

19
Management Plan Hingol National Park (Field Version)-Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department

Figure 4.6: Potential Ibex Habitat in the National Hingol Park
20

Chinkara: Chinkara is still common in the Harian-Maniji Valley (estimated about 50-75)
and in the northern plains in particular the areas of Daud Bhent-Sumro Bhent and the
confluence area of Kacho River and Arra River. Small remnant populations are reported
from several areas (e.g., Machi-Puchhri. Guran Valley East of Tranch, Kowar foothills
and plains North of Dhrun). Critical low numbers are reported from Sapat-Phore Valley
and upper Sham-Machi Mountain. Figure 4.7 below shows the potential habitat Chinkara
(Gazella bennettii) in HNP.

20
Management Plan Hingol National Park(Field Version)-Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department

Figure 4.7: Potential Chinkara Habitat in the National Hingol Park
21

Birds
Major groups among birds are seagulls and terns, Pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus),
Flamingos (Phoenicopterus), Herons and Egrets (Egretta garzetta), Plovers (Charadrius
albifrons), lapwings (Vanellus vanellus), Stints (Calidris ruficollis), sandpipers (Actitis
hypoleucos), Godwits (Limosa), Shanks (Tringa tetanus), Coots (Fulica atra), Curlews
(Esacus recurvirostris), king fishers (Alcedo atthis), Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), etc.
Typical desert related bird groups include the Babblers (Turdoides caudatus), Larks
(Alaudidae), Sand Grouses (Pteroclididae), See see Partridges (Ammoperdix
griseogularis), the Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulate), some Shrikes (Laniidae)
and Buntings, Bee-eaters, Hoopoes (Upupa epops), Pigeons (Columba livia) and Doves,
White-eared Bulbuls (Pycnonotus leucotis), Sparrows and Brown-headed Raven and
Shrikes (Laniidae), Eagles (Aquila rapax), Vultures, Hawks, Buzzards (Buteo buteo),
Falcons (peregrine falcon), Pigeons (Columba livia), Owls (Strigiformes), Nightjars
(Caprimulgus europaeus), Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos assimilis), Rollers (Coracias

21
Management Plan Hingol National Park(Field Version)-Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department
benghalensis), Swallows (Hirundinidae), Martins (Riparia paludicola), Wagtails, Chats,
robins (Turdus migratorius), Warblers, White-throats, Flycatchers, Sunbird
(Nectariniidae), Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), Mynahs (Acridotheres tristis), Sparrows
(Passer domesticus).
A rare bird species with a limited range, the Sooty Falcon (Falco concolor), is regularly
being seen in Hingol. The largest concentration of migratory birds is found at the Hingol
estuary and lower Hingol River plains. Several birds of Prey pass through coastal area
during winters. Species include Great White Pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus), Spot-
billed and Dalmatian Pelicans (Pelecanus crispus), Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax
carbo), Little Cormorants (Microcarbo niger), Western Reef Egrets (Egretta gularis), Little
Egrets (Egretta garzetta), Purple and Grey Herons (Ardea cinerea), Black Ibis (Pseudibis
papillosa), and Spoonbills (Ajaia ajaja). Ducks include Eurasian Wigeon (Anas
penelope), Gadwall (Anas strepera), Common Teal (Anas crecca), Northern Shoveler
(Anas clypeata), Great Stone Plover (Esacus recurvirostris), Whimbrel (Numenius
phaeopus) and Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), and Gull-Terns (Gelochelidon
nilotica).
Flora
Main vegetated areas in the Park are flood plains, riverbeds, and coastal plains. Overall
species diversity is low in coastal zone, sandy stream beds, and flood plains. It is more
diverse in relatively moist valleys and mountains. Vegetation of the sandy saline flood
plain area is limited to Tamarix spp and associated flora.
The coastal area has Tamarix spp Haloxylon spp Aerva spp, Panicum spp and Suaeda
spp, etc. and a bush with thick succulent leaves called Regil in Balochi and a grass
called Kirlak probably Urochondra setulosa.
The riverain areas of the Lower Hingol have a mixed dense forest of Tamarix spp,
Prosopis spp nerarea and Mesquit (Prosopis juliflora), Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Wild Kikar
(Acacia jacquemontii) Capparis decidual (Forssk), and Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera).
Among the bushes dominant ones are Haloxylon sp, Aerva, Suaeda spp., etc.
Hilly mud terraces are found in Awaran; North and South of Rodini-Kgcho', and Dhrun.
Main plant species are Peelu (Salvadora oleoides), Kandi (Prosopis cineraria), Mullah
(Zizyphus nummularia), Wild Kikar (Acacia jacquemontii), Kotar (Nannorrhops
ritchieana), Commiphora mukul and Khar (Haloxylon recurvum), Phog (Calligonum
polygonoides), Eshurk (Rhazya stricta), Eliosipe spp, Euphorbia so., Heliotropism sp.
and Aerva javanica (Burm. f.).
A large inland sand dune has Kandi (Prosopis cineraria), Peelu (Salvadora oleoides),
Mullah (Zizyphus nummularia), Cadaba farinose (Kotar), Haloxilon, Phog (Calligonum
polygonoides), Sueda spp, Thaur (Euphorbia caducifolia), Callotropis procera and
Leptodenia are important bush species. Among the grasses Lasiurus spp and Aristida
were dominant.
Vegetation of Nani River and Mazaro River has Khaur (Acacia senegal) while Mazaro
Valley has Kandi (Prosopis cineraria), Peelu (Salvadora oleoides), Tamarix spp, Mullah
(Zizyphus nummularia) and associated bushes.
Mountain slopes of Chorasi have Khaur (Acacia Senegal), Guggul (Commiphora), Kandi
(Prosopis cineraria), Mullah (Zizyphus nummularia), Epilobium spp Aerva javanica , Inula
grantoides, Alhaji camelorum, Leptdenia spp Eliosine spp., Lasiurus sp. Cymbopogon
sp. and Panicum sp. Higher elevations (700-1580m) of Dhrun mountain valleys have
species that include groves of natural Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Typha (Typha
angustifolia) and Ditch Reed (Phragmites).
4.4.3.2 Kirthar National Park
Although pipeline traverse outside on northern part of KNP, but it is important to mention
about the KNP ecology. KNP is the second largest national park located in Kirthar
Mountain range, in the north west of Karachi district. KNP has an area of 3087km
2
, with
outstanding beauty and cultural heritage, which provides important habitat for a variety of
mammals, birds and reptiles and displays characteristic of the arid subtropics. KNP is a
habitat of rare species that include Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus bylthii), Chinkara
(Gazella bennettii), Leopards (Panthera pardus), Urial (Ovis orientalus) and other
animals.
The rolling valleys and rugged hillocks of Kirthar form a natural heaven for these
animals. The other attractions in the park are the 18th century Chaukandi style Tombs at
Taung and pre historic archaeological remains at Koh Tarash. The enormous Rani Kot
fort is also located within the park.
Ecologically, vegetation of the tract falls in arid subtropical evergreen scrub forest eco-
zone. Summers are hot and dry except in the monsoon season when it is moist and
humid. Winters are frost free. The area is marked by low rainfall not exceeding 100mm
annually.
Flora
The flora of KNP is characterized by the species of saharo-Sindian biogeographic region.
The existing vegetation includes a sparse growth of trees such as Wild Kikar (Acacia
jacquemontii), Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Mesquit (Prosopis spicigera), Kandi (Prosopie
cineraria), Karir (Capparis aphylla), Kabbar (Salvadora persica), Khaur (Acacia senegal)
and Desert Teak (Tecomella undulata).
Shrubs include, Mullah (Zizyphus nummularia), Guggul (Commiphora wightii), Kangar
(Grewia tenax) and Kander (Alhaji camelorum) form part of the ground vegetation along
with Ak (Calatropis procera) and Kana (Saccharum munja). Vegetative cover rarely
exceeds 20% during dry season, but a flush of ephemeral grasses (annual) and herbs
emerge from a dormant soil seed bank, following the monsoon rains and may
temporarily increase the level of cover within few months of monsoon and generally die
off by November.
Fauna
KNP is considered as biodiversity hotspot, which provides important habitat for a variety
of fauna. Being close to Dureji Game Reserve, it has a similar habitat which has been
discussed in detailed in the next section under that heading of Dureiji Game Reserve.
KNP has a strong hold for Sindh Ibex. Some 276 species of fauna have been recorded in
the Park. Among these, three herbivores species, including Ibex, Urial, and Chinkara;
and three rare predators such as Wolf (Cannis lupus), Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena)
and Caracal Cat (Felus carcal) are a unique asset of the park. Since 1974, population of
main ungulate species i.e. Sindh Ibex has increased considerably due to protection and
reduction of livestock grazing in key habitat areas. According to aerial survey conducted
during November 2000 University of Melbourne Baseline study, the famous Ibex has
multiplied to over 10,695 excluding game reserve area as against 1200 in 1974. Similarly
the population of Urial has increased from 150 to 9,750 and Chinkara (Gazella bennettii)
to 480. However the predators number is thought to be lower. The park is home to a
wide range of reptiles and insects including colorful butterflies, 203 species of birds
including game and non-game birds, 36 species of mammals, 34 species of reptiles and
3 species of Amphibians.
The fauna comprises Leopards (Panthera pardus), Striped Hyenas (Hyaena hyaena),
Wolves (Canis lupus), Ratels (Mellivora capensis), Urial (Ovis Orentalis), Chinkara
(Gazella bennettii) and rare Sindh Wild Goats. Blackbuck antelopes are kept in
enclosures for a reintroduction project at KNP. However, most large predators have been
extirpated. The last Leopard (Panthera pardus) was shot in 1977. Reptiles found in the
KNP include the Rock Python, Sindh Krait (Bungarstel caeruleus), the Rat Snake
(Spalerosophis diadema), Marsh Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), Tortoise
(Testudinidae) and the desert Monitor Lizard (Varanus griseus).
Birds in the park are Lammergeier Vulture (Winter migrant), Bonnelli's eagle, Imperial
eagle (Aquila heliacal), Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax), Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).
Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus),
Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus), Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Closed-Barred Sand
Grouse (Pterocles indicus), Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulate), Grey Partridge
(Francolinus pondicerianus), See See Partridge (Ammoperdix griseogularis), Stone
Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus), Indian Sand Grouse (Eremialector orientialis),
Coronetted Sand Grouse, Painted Sand Grouse (Pterocles indicus), Eagle owl, Sindh
Pied Woodpecker (Dendrocopos assimilis), Hume's Chat (Oenanthe alboniger), Brown
Rock Pipit (Anthus petrosus), Striped Bunting (Emberiza striolata), Finche Larks
(Ammomanes phoenicurus), Hoopoe (Upupa epops), Shrikes (Laniidae) and Wheatears
(Oenanthe oenanthe).

Critical Species
Endangered wildlife species amongst the mammals are Sindh Ibex, Urial and Hog Deer
(Axis porcinus), whereas the Asiatic leopard is almost extinct. Amongst the birds, Eagle
(Aquilla rapax), Falcon (Falco peregrinus) are of concern and Houbara bustard
(Chlamydotis undulate) is the Vulnerable species.
4.4.4 Wildlife Sanctuaries and Game Reserve
Wildlife sanctuaries are an important and integral part of the ecosystem and refer to a
place that provides protection for species from hunting, predation or competition, or it
may refer to a protected area, a geographic territory within which wildlife is protected.
The wildlife refuges are officially designated territories by government. In Pakistan there
are more than 50 wildlife sanctuaries. The project area includes one Wildlife Sanctuary
and one Game Reserve.
4.4.4.1 Buzi Makola
Buzi Makola was notified as wildlife sanctuary in 1972. It is located along the route
alignment at RD 215 to 265. Floral and faunal resources of the sanctuary are shown in
Table 4.30.
Flora Fauna Birds
Local Name Scientific Name Local
Name
Scientific
Name
Local Name Scientific
Name
Kandi Prosopis
spicigera
Sindh Ibex Capra
aegagrus
Patridge Francolinus
pondicerianus
Kikar Acacia nilotica Chinkara Gazella
bennettii
Sand grouse Pterocles
syrrhaptes
Ghaz Tamarix aphylla Fox Vulpes
vulpes
Water fowl Antilocapra
americana
Chill Not available Hyaena Hyaena
hyaena
- -
Kaner Nerium odorum Wolf Canis lupus

- -
Karir Capparis aphylla Honey
badger
Mellivora
capensis
- -
Kash Saccharum spp. Cobra Naja naja - -
Eshurk Rhazya stricta Lizard Lacertilia - -
Table 4.30: Flora and Fauna, Noted or Reported in Buzi Makola Wildlife Sanctuary
Endangered wildlife species are the same as mentioned in Segment - 5.
4.4.4.2 Dureji Game Reserve
Dureji Game Reserve has an area of 178,259 hectares and is located in southern
Balochistan at northing 25
o
43 12 and easting 67
o
8 4, about 150km north of Karachi
near the town of Dureji. The harsh climate, little rainfall and poor soil conditions neither
support rich species nor the luxurious growth of vegetation.

Habitats
Dureji is a natural habitat for the precious mammals such as Chinkara, Ibex, Urial and a
number of other animals as described by WWF Pakistan in their report related to status
of Urial and Sindh ibex on the Dureji Game management area. The major habitation
region are given below:
Rocky slopes;
Dry stream beds (sandy and rocky);
Plains (sandy and stony); and
Wetland.

Rocky Slopes
Rocky slopes mostly consist of limestones. It is dominated by Acacia Senegal (L.), Wild
Rhazya stricta (Eshruk) and Convolvulus spinosus Burm. The other common associates
are Mullah (Zizyphus nummularia), Bhangri (Blepharis sindica), Grass Berry (Grewia
tenax), Fiori, Paner (Withania coagulans), and Barlaria acanthoidesl. The vegetation in
this community is very sparse. The total cover on the slopes is less than 15%. Due to
prolonged drought and grazing pressure, the condition of the vegetation is rather poor.
Stream Beds
Stream beds are often notably species-rich habitats and are responsible for higher rates
of biomass production when compared with adjacent habitats. The dominant species of
dry sand stream beds are Peelu (Salvadora oleoides), Salvia santolinaefolia, Rhazya
stricta, whereas Acacia Senegal, Indigofera oblongifolia. Pteropyrum olevieri, Grewia
tenax, Anchers & Schweinf are some common associates. Dry rocky stream beds are
dominated by Rhazya stricta, Alhaji maurorum, Zizyphus nummularia, and some of the
common associates are, Fagonia indica, Peelu (Salvadora oleoides), and Periploca
aphylla.
Sandy Plains
Sandy plains with undulating topography, a high fraction of sand, under depression
causes more soil to be collected, which is loamy with better moisture conditions. The
vegetation cover is higher than the stony plains but lesser than stream beds. It is
dominated by Rhazya stricta Decne. Acacia nilotica (L.), Delile, Peelu (Salvadora
oleoides) Decne, while Zizyphus nummularia (Burm. f.) W. & Arn., Grewia tenax
(Forssk.) Anchers & Schweinf, Fagonia indica Burm. f. Seddera latifolia Hochst. & Steud.
are some associates of sandy plains. Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew, Peelu
(Salvadora oleoides) Decne, Zizyphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W & Arn are the dominant
species of stony plains. Some of the common associates are Blepharis sindica Stocks ex
Ander, Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult, Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell.,
Cassia holosericea Fresen.

Wetland Habitat
Wetland habitat is also found in the COI and its surroundings. It is dominated by Typha
farsh, Tamarix aphylla, Karst, Lae (Tamarix dioica).
Goats and sheeps are the main grazing animals. As a result of grazing pressure, which
is becoming intense every year, the habitate in many regions of the Dureji are being
modified. In addition, the cutting of trees and shrubs by people and the digging of
valuable medicinal herbs are increasingly altering the composition and distribution of
plants.
Wildlife
The major wildlife species reported in the Game Reserve include Urial (Ovis Orentalis),
the Sindh Ibex, Chinkara (Gazella bennettii), reptiles (snakes, lizards, etc.), Foxes
(Vulpus vulpus), Jackals (Canis aureus), See see Partridges (Ammoperdix
griseogularis), Sand Grouses (Pteroclididae), Houbara Bustards (Chlamydotis undulate)
(migratory), Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), Ducks (Anatidae) and Pelicans (Pelecanus
conspicillatus) are detect.
During field visits, it was found that the area from RD 631 to 634 and RDs 640 to 647
were the grazing area for Chinkara (Gazella bennettii), Urial (Ovis Orentalis) and Ibex
(Capra hircus) respectively.
Some important water sources were also identified during the field visits which are used
as source of drinking water for wildlife. These sources include the Nengro River and
springs. A number of springs that flows throughout the year and are the primary source
of water for people, livestock and wildlife inhabiting the area were also identified.
Major Vegetation
The area has a variety of bushes and trees. The vegetation in Lasbela is very scanty and
consists of desolate shrubs. The woody, thorny under-shrubs are usually not above 1/3rd
a meter in height and have a few leaves with stiff and prickly branches. The common
trees found in mountain ridges are Kirri (Tamarix articulata), Kand or Jand (Prosopis
spicigera), Wild Kikar (Acacia jackmontii), Mesquit (Prosops glandulosa), Acacia Arabic
(Babal kikar), Peelu (Salvadora oleoides), Ber (Zizyphus jujuba) and Kabbar (Salvadora
persica).
Endangered Species
Endangered species in the areas are the same as mentioned in segment - 5.
4.4.5 Protected or Reserve Forests
The protected or reseved forests in the area include Amri and Nasri reserved forests with
details as described below:
4.4.5.1 Amri Reserved Forest
Amri reserved forest has an area of 2832 hectares and is located at 26
o
9 30 N and
longitude of 68
o
3 30 E at a distance of approximately 2km from Amri Town in Jamshoro
district. The Amri Forest reserve is located at RD 722+400 to 723+200 at zero offset
from center line(C/L).
Detailed discussions were also held during the field visit to obtain the first hand
information on these reserved forests. As per discussions with the Range Officer, nearly
one fourth of the forest is on the right bank of Indus, while the rest is under water or on
the left bank of the river. The area on the right bank is mostly blank or has a sporadic
shrubby growth of Lai (Tamarix dioica). Area through which the proposed alignment
passes is almost devoid of vegetation and is located about 200m above the under
construction bridge linking Amri with Qazi Ahmad.
4.4.5.2 Nasri Reserved Forest
Nasri reserved forest has an area of 2192 hectares and is located at a distance of 7-8km
from the highway (N-5) on the left bank of river Indus. This forest reserve is located at
RD 725 to 730+700 at zero offset from C/L with latitude of 26 10' 0 N and a longitude of
68 4' 0 E.
The forest has 35 compartments. The proposed pipeline passes through the
compartments 3, 16, 17, 25 and 27 of the reserved forest.
In these compartments, most of the area (nearly 60 to 70 %) has been given on lease to
local farmers or has been encroached upon by the influential people. Detailed
discussions were also held during the field visit to obtain the first hand information on
these reserved forests. As per discussions with Range Officer, 728 hectares of Nasri
Forest has been given on lease.
The proposed pipeline passes through forest area, covered with bushy growth of Lai
(Tamarix dioica) for an about 500m and then it crosses forest land given on lease to local
farmers where agricultural crops such as wheat and mustard have been raised.
4.4.6 Aquatic Ecology
The proposed pipeline passes through many aquatic ecosystem components which
include living organisms found in various water bodies i.e. rivers, lagoons etc. located
along the proposed pipeline route. The main aquatic ecosystem components are
described below:
4.4.6.1 Dasht River
Dasht River has a diversified ecology including mammals, reptiles and birds. Marsh
Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) have been sighted during the field survey which has
been classified as vulnerable by IUCN. Mangrove Swamps are breeding places for some
migratory birds like; Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii), Reef Heron (Egretta sacra), Lapwing
(Vanellus vanellus), Ferns (Asplenium platyneuron), Great Stone Curlew (Esacus
recurvirostris), Crab Plover (Dromas ardeola). Osprey (Pandion haliatus) and Falcon
(peregrine falcon) are regular winter visitors. Common birds found in this stretch are
Gulls, Terns, Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), Sanderling (Calidris alba), Oyster Catcher
(Haematopus ostralegus), Plovers (Charadrius albifrons), Godwits (Limosa), Pelican
(Pelecanus conspicillatus), Ducks (Anatidae), Wader (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus) or
shorebirds including common Redshank (Tringa totanus) and Pallass Gull (Larus
ichthyaetus) as least concern species.
4.4.6.2 Jiwani Coastal Wetlands
Jiwani coastal wetlands are located in the south of the proposed alignment of the gas
pipeline. Protected Areas status has been given to this wetland by declaring it as a
RAMSAR site. This wetland has an area of 4,600 ha and is located at 2505N 6048E.
The main features of this Ramsar wetland are described below:
Mangroves
This wetland supports a wide range of globally important biodiversity. These include
significant areas of coral, mangrove swamps and sea grass, threatened marine turtles,
the endangered Marsh Crocodile, large seasonal accumulations of migratory birds and
approximately ten species of marine cetaceans. Jiwani sea mount and the areas of rocky
shore-line, estuaries and associated mangroves are vital breeding areas for
commercially important fish species.
The mangrove forests of the Jiwani Coastal Wetland, consisting mainly of Timr
(Avicennia marina), have been designated for protection and are considered a crucial
nesting ground for endangered Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Green Turtles
(Chelonia mydas), especially at four moderately wide and gently sloping sandy beaches
in the eastern part of the site. The most important economic feature of a mangrove forest
is that it supports commercial fishery of great value especially the Crustacean Fishery.
The shrimp fishery is totally dependent on it and there is a direct relationship between
the annual yield of shrimp and the extent and magnitude of mangrove area.
Migratory Birds
The area in this segment along the Jiwani Coastal Wetlands is the wintering ground of
numerous waders (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus) and waterfowl in the winters such as
Cheres (Orthotomus sutorius), Crane (Grus Americana) as well as a breeding ground for
many resident species of birds. There is a diverse marine life found along this coastline.
Crane (Grus Americana) has been declared as endangered species as per IUCN list.
The migratory birds of Jiwani Coastal Wetland are shown in Table 4.31.
Sr. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis
2 Western Reef Heron Egrette gularis
3 Sparrow Hawk Accipiter nisus
4 Osprey Pandion haliaetus
5 Eurasian Oyster Catcher Haematopus ostralegus
6 Stone Plover Esacus recurvirostris Greater
7 Ruddy-turn stone Arenaria interpres
8 Sooty Gull Larus hemprichii
9 Great Crested Tern Sterna bergii
10 Little Tern Sterna albifrons
11 Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis
Table 4.31: Migratory birds of Jiwani Coastal Wetland
4.4.6.3 Kalmat Khor Wetland
Kalmat Khor is a lagoon located along the Makran coast of Balochistan with a latitude of
25 24' 32 N and a longitude of 64 4' 37 E. Kalmat lies about 350 km west of Karachi;
the area is located at a distance of about 20km from the MCH. There are four main
settlements in the area viz. Kalmat, Chundi, Gursant and Makola. About 95% of the
population is engaged in fishing activities.
Migratory birds from Siberia visit the coastal areas of Balochistan, including Kalmat Khor,
during winter months. These water birds, which visit these areas, include Grebes
(Podicipedidae), Dalmation Pelicans (Pelecanus crips), Herons, Greater Flamingos
(Phoenicopterus Roseus), Waders (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus) and many terns.
Amongst the birds, Eagle (Aquila rapax), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) and
Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata) are the endangered species.
The proposed pipeline in this segment passes along the northern side of the wetland;
called Kalmat Khor from RD 246 to 286. Fishery is the main source of economic
sustainance and revenue in the areas comprising this important wetland, Kalmat Khor.
The water here provides high quality prawns and other different types of fish. Annually,
millions of rupees worth of prawns and fish are exported from Kalmat to Karachi and the
international market. The source of fresh water for Kalmat Khor is Basol River which runs
15km east of Kalmat Khor. Amarina is the only mangrove species supported by this site.
Mangroves serve as nurseries for fish, shrimps, crabs and other marine life. Shrimps
also use them as their breeding grounds. A large proportion of coastal fish and shrimps
pass at least a portion of their lives in the mangroves. They depend on the food chain for
their sustenance and are protected by these shrubs during the fragile early period of their
lives. The water surrounding them is rich in fish, shellfish and other sea organisms. In
sum, the mangroves are a sanctuary for valuable marine resources.
4.4.6.4 Ormara Beaches
Ormara Turtle Beaches is a stretch of 10km of sandy beach along the Balochistan coast
covering an area of 2,400 ha. It was notified as a RAMSAR Site vide notification dated
10
th
May 2001. The proposed pipeline passes north of Ormara Beaches at a distance of
approximately 30km from RD 305 to 327.
A considerable number of marine turtles are supported here including the vulnerable
Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Green turtles (Chelonia mydas). It is possible
that the Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) is also supported.
Ormara is one of the most beautiful and naturally blessed tourism venture city. A
beautiful long beach around the edge of Ormara makes it really amazing for tourist to
come and enjoy this exotic experience. Amazing blue green beaches, golden sand, and
incredible natural beauty and its fauna makes it a charming tourist attraction. The
beach's status as a protected RAMSAR Site has allowed consistent breeding for the
local marine turtle population including the endangered Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas),
Critically endangered Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricate) and Vulnerable Olive Ridley
(Lepidochelys olivacea) specimens.
The vegetation is composed of salt and drought tolerant plants. Accumulations of plastic
debris along the coast cause problems as does the capture of turtles for export. The
capture of turtles for export and the accumulation of plastic debris are the major threats
to aquatic life in the area.
This wetland does not support significant number of migratory birds. However migratory
birds such as Dalmatian (Salvia officinalis) Pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus), Crane
(Demoiselle crane) and Tailor (Orthotomus sutorius) are reported near the coast line.
The endangered species as listed below:
Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) ;
Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricate); and
Olive Ridley Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea).
Along the shores of Ormara beach, nesting sites exist for five endangered species of sea
turtles Green Sea, Loggerhead, Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricate), Olive Ridley
(Lepidochelys olivacea) and Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea).
Fish species, such as the golden mahasheer (Torputitora) and large freshwater shrimp
(Macrobrachium species) are part of the abundant aquatic life of Ormara beaches. Sea
snakes such as yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus) are also found in the pelagic
zone of the sea. This wetland is also a home to the endangered species of Gharial
(Gavialis gangeticus) and Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) that prefer freshwater
habitat.
4.4.6.5 Hingol River
Hingol is Balochistan's longest river. Unlike most other streams in Balochistan which only
flow during rare rains, the Hingol always has flowing water in it.
The Hingol River has been nurturing crocodiles for centuries. The Marsh Crocodile
(Crocodylus palustris) occurs over large areas along the Hingol River and some
tributaries up to more than 100km inland. They survive on the wild meat sources and the
goats of the local residents.
The River Hingol, which flows almost in the centre of the HNP, is an estuary which
supports a significant diversity of bird and fish species. The Hingol has fantastic scenery
of towering cliffs, pinnacles and buttresses.
Rest of the details are already discussed in the segment related to HNP in this chapter.
4.4.6.6 Miani Hor
General
Miani Hor is a large shallow sea bay and estuarine system with low-lying islands and
extensive mangrove swamps and intertidal mud flats, separated from the adjacent
Sonmiani Bay in the Arabian Sea by a broad peninsula of sand dunes. It has an area of
55,000 ha and is located at 2524 N 6606 E. The site is the only area of Pakistan coast
line where three species of mangroves (Avcennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, and
Ceriops tagal occur naturally. Frequented by large numbers of waterbirds, the area is
increasingly threatened by solid waste debris such as plastic bags and bottles. The Hor
receives freshwater inflow from a number of seasonal streams rising in the hills of
eastern Balochistan to the north. Domestic waste disposal and accumulated solid waste
debris (plastic bags and bottles, etc.) are growing problems.
Fisheries
Smaller fish, shrimp, and crabs are abundant and are both consumed locally and brought
to market. More than 350 species of fish are known to exist with the following as main
types found and caught from the waters of Miani Hor:
Miani Hor contains variety of fish species (on shore and offshore). List is given as below:
Offshore Fish Species:
Morri (Kuweh)
Mittoo (sardine)
Chaku (sardine)
Luer (sardine)
Seem (scad)
Onshore Fish Species:
Daanthi
Dandya (bream)
Chhody (square tail mullet)
Gisr (brown marbled grouper)
Goli (belanger's croaker)
Suwa (spotted croaker)
Sisery
Ladyfish
SafaidPaplet (white pomfret)
Kiddi (grey shrimp)
Pitas (jinga Shrimp)
Jaira (tiger shrimp)
Tikori (mud crab)
JellyFish
Mangroves
Miani Hor is an important habitat for the mangrove forests in Balochistan. In fact, it is the
only place in Pakistan where three species of mangroves occur naturally. The area of
mangrove forests in Miani Hor, is estimated to be 3431 ha (representing 42 percent of
the total cover in Balochistan) out of which only about 290 ha has been declared a
Protected Forest and transferred to Balochistan Forest Department in 1958. The rest of
the mangroves are under the jurisdiction of the Board of Revenue, Government of
Balochistan (GoB).
Miani Hor contains 84 percent of the total area under mangroves in Balochistan. The
Porali River and its distributaries drain into it. The lagoon changes greatly between high
and low tides and typically the area comprises narrow twisting channels, with steep mud
banks visible at low tide surrounded by numerous flat islets of mud covered with
mangrove trees.
Timmer (Avicennia marina), Kumri (Rhizophora mucronata) and Kain (Ceriops tagal) are
three common varieties of mangroves present in the Miani lagoon. In fact the lagoon is
the only area on the coast of Pakistan that can boast of a naturally existing strand of
Rmucronata.
Migratory Birds
This site is important for large concentration of water birds including migratory bird
population. More than 20,000 birds representing 52 species usually visit Sonmiani/Miani
Hor in winters. The water birds highlighted reported in the area include Grebes
(Podicipedidae), Pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus), Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo),
Flamingos (Phoenicopterus), Egrets (Egretta garzetta), herons (disambiguation), storks
(Ciconia ciconia), Ibises (Eudocimus ruber), Spoonbills (Ajaia ajaja), Coots (Fulica atra),
Shore birds, Gulls and Ferns (Asplenium platyneuron).
4.4.6.7 Indus River Dolphin
General
The Indus River provides key water resources for the economy of Pakistan - especially
the Punjab province, which accounts for most of the nation's agricultural production, and
Sindh.
Indus Dolphin
The blind Indus River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor) is a prominent ecological
feature in the case of Indus River. Indus river dolphin is an endangered species Unique
to Pakistan. For protection of this species, an area of 200km between Guddu and Sukkar
Barrages has been declared as a reserve.
WWF has carried out a lot of research on Indus Dolphin. The Dolphin is an important
flagship for the Indus River. Dolphins eyes can only differentiate between light and dark,
therefore it uses echo-location to navigate. Dolphin has a side swimming behaviour. It
has been reported by WWF-PAK that from January 2000 to February 2005, around 70
trapped dolphins were rescued from irrigation canals. Approximately 1200 number of
Dolphin were reported before Guddu and Sukkar Barrage (WWF 2006). The population
of this species has gradually declined because of various factors including water
pollution, poaching, fragmentation of habitat due to new barrages, and dolphins stranded
in the irrigation canals. Numbers have dramatically declined since the construction of the
irrigation system in the Indus. WWF has started a project namely Indus River Dolphin
Conservation Project. Under Phase I, Project has provided technical and financial
support to the Sindh Wildlife Department in order to strengthen the Dolphin Reserve unit
at Sukkar. More than 70 dolphins were rescued from possible mortalition since 2000;
besides, project also provided illustrative community awareness programme. Habitat
monitoring, analysis of water and sediments samples were conducted. Now under Phase
II, the objective of the project are:
Protecting biodiversity of the lower Indus River Basin;
Sustainable use of riverine biodiversity; and
Mitigate the pollution and control the extraction from riverine resources (waterfall).
Indus Dolphin Reserve
This reserve has an area of about 125,000 ha and is located at 2801 N, 6915 E. It
consists of a 200km stretch of the River Indus between the Sukkar and Guddu barrages,
providing a home for the 500 remaining individuals of the formerly common Indus
dolphin. WWF has reported that blind Dolphin can be sighted in the stretch of river (near
pipeline running). The site is considered essential for the survival of this species.
Originally sea creatures, the Indus dolphins (Platanista minor) adapted to river life as
they were trapped due to construction of dams and barrages on Indus River and its
tributaries in the Indian sub-continent during early 20
th
century.
4.5 Socio- economic Situation
4.5.1 Survey Approach
This section presents the collective results of the socioeconomic baseline surveys
(including village and household level) carried out for the whole project alignment of
780km starting from Seroki in District Gwadar (Balochistan) to District Shaheed
Benazirabad (Sindh). The COI adopted for identification of PAP and structures consists
of a) 500m on either side of C/L of pipeline and b) 200m on either side of C/L of Pipeline.
However for villages, no COI has been considered rather villages identified based on
broader width along the pipeline route. The major purpose of this Chapter is to
accomplish the social baseline information, which will provide the basis for subsequent
monitoring and evaluation activities of the IP-Project. The study approach includes the
collection data using both primary and secondary sources. The former includes field
surveys (interviews, consultations/ ground discussions, physical observations), while the
later covers the collection of information/ data from the published documents. In this
context, the baseline information was collected at different levels, i.e. village, household,
local population groups/general public and all concerned officials at district level. The
information was collected through proformas (Annex I). The universe and sampling
framework is briefly discussed as below:
i) All villages (having access) located in the vicinity of the project route alignment are
61 Nos., out of which, 34 and 27 Nos. are falling under the jurisdiction of Balochistan
and Sindh Provinces respectively. However due to security issues 4 villlages located
in Khuzdar District were not visted therefore 57 accessible villages (located within
the project alignment i.e. 500m from either side from the centerline of the gas
pipeline) have been considered;
ii) Of the total, 321 potential PAPs were identified and 157 PAPs were interviewed to
collect detailed information at household level. Thus against the determined sample
size
22
of 146 PAPs
23
.
iii) To represent the concerns/issues at local level or general public, 58 consultations
with PAPs/local community or general public consisting 389 participants were
conducted throughout the project alignment; and
iv) To represent the concerns/issues and programs/projects of the officials of different
Departments including environment and revenue departments at district level, 24
consultative meetings were held.
4.5.2 Political and Administrative Settings
The Project alignment passes through two provinces of Pakistan namely as Balochistan
and Sindh. In accordance with the Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001, the
Union Council (UC) is the lowest tier of the District Government. The UC consists of
three to ten villages depending upon the population. The next tier of the District
government system is a Tehsil (in Sindh named as Taluka). Tehsil is a sub-district and
named as Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMA), which deals with the administrative
and revenue matters at Tehsil level. Generally, four to five UCs form a Tehsil Council. A
District is normally constituted of three to five Tehsils and is governed by a District
Council which deals all revenue and administrative matters at district level. In the existing
local system of both the provinces of the IP-Project, the UCs consist of members directly
elected through open competition, who also form the Electoral College for the selection
of members of the next higher tiers. In this way, generally it is ensured that the UCs have
a sizeable representation from all segment of the society such as famers, business
men/self employed and the vulnerable groups including landless, labourers and female
headed families.
As regards ethnicity, the Balochistan and Sindh are the abodes of tribes and families
originated from the main clans of Samat, the original inhabitants, and later settlers like
Arabs, Baloch, Jat, Sheikh, etc. These are further subdivided into numerous castes and
sub-castes like Magsies, Bugties, Chandios, Jatoies, etc. In general, the population
resided along the project alignment is belonging to the province of Balochaistan and
Sindh. Accordingly, the social life of both provinces is traditionally organized on tribal

22
When population is finite, and the population proportion is given, the formula applied is as under (Cristina P. Parel,
et.al., 1973, Sampling Design and Procedures, ADC, 630 Fifth Avenue, New York., 10020).

N = NZ2 P(1-P)
Nd2 + Z2 P(1-P)
Where
n = Sample size of PAPs HHs.
N = Total no of PAPs HHs along the project alignment (321 nos.).
P = Population proportion, i.e. value of p is 0.50 to produce maximum sample size.
Z = Level of reliability (the value of Z at 9o% confidence level is 1.64)
d = Maximum acceptable error (5%).
23. Sample size (n) = 321 (1.64)
2
0.5(1-0.5)/ (321) (0.05)
2
+ (1.64)2 0.5(1-0.5) = 146 nos.
lines, i.e. most of the social disputes and other matters are settled by head of a tribe/ or
main caste groups. This tribal organization is in consonance with the geographical
factors and climate. As such, the project area may be divided into two distinct
characteristics, i.e. hilly to semi hilly area in case of Balochistan, while a river valley in
case of Sindh. These natural divisions largely determine the socioeconomic/living pattern
of the population. The people of hilly terrain are mainly pastoral and those of river valley
are mostly agriculturists.
4.5.3 Settlement Pattern
The project alignment passes through 2 provinces of Pakistan (i.e. Balochistan and
Sindh), which include 3 Districts, 7 Tehsils and 34 villages of Balochistan and 3 Districts
and 6 Tehsils (Talukas) and 27 villages of Sindh province. This indicates that proposed
gas pipeline will pass through the urban areas, small towns and rural areas (villages).
This means that both rural and urban population is located along the project alignment
(ROW). During the field survey, it was assessed that more than 90% population located
along the project alignment belongs to the rural areas, while remaining 10% belongs to
the urban/ and or small towns.
Above mentioned Tehsils & Villages does not include the & villages of the khuzdar
District due to unavailability of the field data regarding this District because during official
consultation, District Coordinator officer (DCO) halted the survey in this district due to
security threats. Consequently, the data for khuzdar district could not be collected.
Information given in this section and further sub-section of this chapter regarding this
district is based on the secondary information collected from different sources.
4.5.4 Ethnicity/ Caste Groups
The population settled along the project alignment belongs to the several caste groups/
tribes and ethnic minorities/ non-muslim communities. The most of the ethnic groups are
Balochi, Sindhi, Brahvi, Pakhtun and some Urdu speaking. In addition to these some
minorities caste groups also exists in the vicinity of the project alignment. In accordance
with the definition of Indigenous peoples
24
, none of such group triggered along the
project alignment.
The survey has shown that there are more than 38 major caste groups/tribes settled
along the project corridor from Seroki - Kirthar Range (Balochistan) to Shaheed
Benazirabad (Sindh). The names of major cates/ caste groups and tribes include:

24
In accordance with the OP 4.10 - Indigenous Peoples (July, 2005), the Indigenous Peoples refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social
and cultural group possessing the characteristics in varying degrees, such as (a) self-identification as members of a distinct
indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; (b) collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or
ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; (c) customary cultural, economic,
social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and (d) an indigenous language, often
different from the official language of the country or region. Thus, the indigenous people refer to a group that has lost "collective
attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area.

Kalmati, Baloch, Rekhani, Zainozai, Darzad, Shakwani, Sanghor, Bizenjo, Rekani, Sajidi,
Digarzai, Laghari, Kurd, Angaria, Chutta, Gabol, Sehtani, Rind, Shah, Noonari, Chandio,
Khaskheli, Kori, Bhatti, Dahri, Arain, Malha, Pathan (Kakar), Solongi, Kubar, Juno,
Mehar, Warar, Mari, Wagan, Kholoro, Jamali, Jatoi, Khosa, Babar, Shahani, Depar,
Janwary, Memon, Soomra, Khera, Dera, Birmani, Mangi and Juneja and Burgari and
others. The district-wise major castes/caste groups are presented in Table 4.32.
Field survey revealed that these major castes/tribes are important as they have a key
role in decision making regarding the resolution of social issues/family matters. For
instance, in case of Balochistan, the landlord (locally named as Sardar), while in Sindh,
landloard (locally named as Wadaira) and Shah as well as the head or elder of the
respective tribe generally make decisions relating to most of the social issues at village
level as well as the social development works in their areas. It was assessed that prior to
initiate any project/program, it is essential to involve these effective groups/tribes at all
levels of the project starting from design, implementation and operation of the project.
Khuzdar District
25

In general only 13km (from chainage 593+000km-608+000km) of the proposed route
alignment passes through tehsil wadh and sub-tehsil saroona of district Khuzdar.
Gharlak, Shah Bilawal Ziarat, Shah Noorani, Ghokal Dhoro are the villages which are
expected to come in the project area. The population of Khuzdar district is estimated to
be over 525,000 in 2005. Over 99% of the people of the area are Muslims. Major spoken
language of this district is Brahvi. Brahvi
26
was spoken in 81.6 percent of the households
and Balochi was the language of 12.9 percent. The remaining 5.5 percent of the
households spoke Sindhi, Pushto, Punjabi, Urdu, Saraiki and other languages. Some of
the main tribes of Brahvis are: Zehri, Sumalani, Mengal, Kalandrani, Mohammad Hasni,
Sajdi, Bizenjo, Nichari, Qambrani, Pandrani, Mirwani, Rekizai, Gurgnari, Jattak, Rodeni
and Sasoli.
Agriculture is a fairly strong sector in Khuzdar. The main crops are wheat, rice, jowar and
barley, different pulses and vegetables. The land is fertile but due to shortage of
irrigation water the amount of arable land is small. The major Rabi crops are wheat,
barley, cumin and masoor. These are harvested in early summer. The main Kharif crops
of the district include fruits, rice, jowar, bajra, moong, mash, moth, onion, melons and
guar seed. Vegetables and fodder are produced throughout the year. Agricultural labour
is primarily done by men. Women and children are involved in agriculture by helping out
in the fields and at home. Big land owners employ tenants for agricultural activities.
Small farmers work their fields themselves and rarely hire tenants.

25
Khuzdar District Profile
26
Baseline Survey Union Council Sasol, District Khuzdar, Balochistan

Province/ District Major Castes/ Tribes
Balochistan
Gwadar Kalmati, Baloch, Rekhani, Zainozai, Darzad, Shakwani, Sanghor,
Bizenjo, Rekani, and Sajidi
Lasbela Baloch, Digarzai, Laghari, Kurd, Angaria and Chutta
Khuzdar Sindhi, Pushto, Punjabi, Urdu, Saraiki, Brahvis are: Zehri, Sumalani,
Mengal, Kalandrani, Mohammad Hasni, Sajdi, Bizenjo, Nichari,
Qambrani, Pandrani, Mirwani, Rekizai, Gurgnari, Jattak, Rodeni and
Sasoli.

Sindh
Dadu Jamali, Jatoi, Khosa, Leghari, Babar, Chandia, Rind, Depar, Janwary,
Panhwar, Mallah, Solangi, Shahani, Mahessar, Khushik, Birmani,
Shaikh, Memon, Mangi, Kalhora, Juneja, Soomra, Sehol, Bughia,
Bhand, Lund, Zounr, Dera, Siyal and Khera
Jamshoro Gabol, Sehtani and Rind
Shaheed Benazirabad Shah, Noonari, Shah, Chindio, Khaskheli, Kori, Chandio, Bhatti,
Dahri, Arain, Malha, Pathan, Solongi, Kubar, Juno, Chandio,
Khaskheli, Mehar, Warar, Mari, Laghari, Wagan, Kholoro and Burgari
Table 4.32: Major Caste Groups/Tribes Settled
4.5.5 General Socioeconomic Conditions along the Project Alignment
General socioeconomic conditions have been derived based on the village profile filled
from each village located within the width of 1000m along the project alignment, i.e.
500m from either side of C/L of the gas pipeline. The information mainly covered the no.
of villages, households, population, occupations, access to basic infrastructure, decision
making mechanism regarding social disputes in the villages, potential for minerals &
tourism, major historical and archaeological sites along the alignment. In this context, all
57 accessible villages were visited during the detailed field survey.
4.5.6 No. of Villages along the Project Alignment
The data summarized in Table 4.33 reveals that total 61 villages have been identified
within the width of 1000m (COI), however 4 settlements in Khuzdar district although
identified but data was not collected due to security issues. These villages (61 Nos)
consist of 3,336 houses, which comprise 22,779 individuals (family members). In fact
these houses will be the primary project beneficiaries from the project activities such as
project related jobs (skilled and unskilled locals), establishing their small business
enterprise at selected sites along the project alignment like shops, auto-workshops,
hotels, general stores and others. In this way the income generation activities for the
locals can be enhanced significantly that will have a positive contribution towards the
enhancement of their livelihood and standard of living.
On the other hand, these locals will also be the affectees due to the loss of land/assets
and livelihood as well because of the implementation of the project. For which, the
payment of compensation for the loss of land/assets and other structures and
vegetations will be provided based on the replacement value of structures and current
market rates in case of loss of other assets/land, crops, trees etc. (refer Resettlement
Policy Framework).
Province/
District
No. of villages
located within the
width of 1000m
along the alignment
No. of Households
in villages located
along the alignment
Population in the
villages located along
the alignment
(Nos.)
Balochistan
Gwader 16 848 4,810
Lasbela 14 660 3,944
Khuzdar 4 N.A N.A
Sub-Total 34 1,508 8,754
Sindh
Jamshoro 4 28 115
Shaheed Benazirabad 23 1,800 13,910
Sub Total 27 1,828 14,025
Total 61
27
3,336 22,779
(Note: No village was identified within COI of project route alignment in District Dadu.)
Table 4.33: No of Villages (COI)
4.5.7 Major Occupations
There are varieties of occupations for both urban and rural population settled along the
project alignment passes in the jurisdiction of both Balochistan and Sindh Provinces.
Large part of population belongs to rural areas. The rural population reside in the
Balochistan is mainly engaged in occupations/activities in livestock grazing, lobour work
(farm labour/workers and non-farm labour) drivers and small businesses shops, tea
stalls as the most of the land is uncultivable. However, there are land owners, who have
large size of land holdings although most of their land is uncultivated/ barren.
In case of province of Sindh, as the most of the alignment passes through the
agricultural land, therefore, the major occupation of the rural population is farming and
farm labour/workers and other farming activities. Even the women are also engaged in
the various farming activities such as picking of vegetable, transplanting of rice,
harvesting of wheat and other. A small proportion of the rural population is engaged in
off-farm activities including private service and small businesses.

27
57 villages considered only (4 villages in Khuzdar could not be covered due to security issues)
4.5.8 Availability of Basic Infrastructure
The availability of the basic infrastructure and social amenities measures the
development of the area and living standard of the population. The survey results
derived based on the village profile summarized in Table 4.34 shows that on the whole,
one-half to three-fourth of the villages have been found within the COI has access to
roads, electricity and schools especially for boys, while the other facilities like health,
gas, drinking water, fuel and telephones have been worked out to be equal to or less
than 11% villages. The local population has to travel at distant places to get such
facilities especially health facilities. Drinking water/ water supply schemes are also not
available at most of the villages. In most of the villages, the pond water is being used for
drinking purpose, however, in some cases; pond water is also being used for animals.
It can be concluded villages located in the jurisdiction of Sindh has relatively better
access to basic infrastructure especially roads, electricity, education, sui-gas and
telephones as compare to the villages located in Baluchistan part.
The availability of infrastructure in different villages falling in the jurisdiction of various
Districts is presented in Table 4.34.
(% of villages)
Province/
District
R
o
a
d

E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y

D
i
s
p
e
n
s
a
r
y
/

B
H
U

S
c
h
o
o
l

S
u
i
-

G
a
s

D
r
i
n
k
i
n
g

W
a
t
e
r

T
e
l
e
p
h
o
n
e

P
O
L
/

F
u
e
l

F
u
e
l

W
o
o
d

Balochistan
75 19 6 69 - 13 - 6 -
Gwadar (12) (3) (1) (11) (2) (1)
64 21 7 36 7 7 7 7 7
Lasbela (9) (3) (1) (5) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Khuzdar - - - - - - - - -
70 20 7 53 7 10 3 7 3
Sub-Total (21) (6) (2) (16) (2) (3) (1) (2) (1)
Sindh
25 - - - - - - - 50
Jamshoro (1) (2)
83 100 4 83 17 4 4 9 -
Shaheed
Benazirabad (19) (23) (1) (19) (4) (1) (1) (2) (-)
74 85 4 70 15 4 4 7 7
Sub-Total (20) (23) (1) (19) (4) (1) (1) (2) (2)
72 51 5 61 11 7 4 7 5
Total (41) (29) (3) (35) (6) (4) (2) (4) (3)
(Note 1: Figures in parentheses indicate the number of villages.)
(Note 2: No village was identified within COI of project route alignment in District Dadu)
Table 4.34: Availability of Infrastructure in Villages
4.5.9 Decision Making Methods Adopted in the Villages
The survey results presented in Table 4.35 reveals that on overall basis informal and
traditional methods are being adopted by the villagers to resolve the social disputes
amongst the caste groups, relatives, neighbourers and other villagers.
In this context, most of the social disputes are settled through the village Panchayat
lead by village leader and within the caste group as found in 44% and 35% villages
respectively. Third decision making method is the Jirga (community gathering) as
observed in 19% villages. The Jirga (community gathering) of villager system only
exists Balochistan. In case of Sindh Province, only 2% villages have been observed,
where some of the social disputes are being settled through the Court of Law.
Thus, it can be concluded that on the whole, 98% social issues/matters usually resolved
using traditiona/informal methos, such as village Panchayats, by the elders of same
Caste groups and Jirga (community gathering), while only few cases are settled
through the Court of law.
(% of villages)
Location/
District
Within the
Caste Group
Panchayat
System Jirga
Court of
Law
Balochistan

69 19
Gwader (11) - (3) -
36 7 57
Lasbela (5) (1) (8) -
Khuzdar - - - -
53 3 37
Sub-total (16) (1) (11) -
Sindh
75 25
Jamshoro (3) (1) - -
26 78 4
Shaheed Benazirabad (6) (18) - (1)
33 70 4
Sub-total (9) (19) - (1)

44 35 19 2
Total
(25) (20) (11) (1)
(Note1: Figures in parentheses indicate the number of villages.)
(Note2: No village was identified within COI of project route alignment in District Dadu.)
Table 4.35: Decision Making Methods Adopted in the Villages
4.5.10 Existence of Associations
The strong and effective village societies/associations and other community based
organizations can play an important role in the designing, implementation and operation
of community/social and development projects. Based on the village profile, on the
whole, only 4 villages of Balochistan and 2 villages of Sindh Provinces reported the
existence of NGOs and Welfare Association respectively. The district-wise details are
given in Table 4.36.

(% of villages)
Districts
Cooperative
Society
Welfare
Association NGO CBO
Balochistan
19
Gwadar - - (3) -
7
Lasbela - - (1) -
Khuzdar - - - -
13
Sub-total - - (4) -
Sindh
25
Jamshoro - (1) - -
4
Shaheed Benazirabad - (1) - -
7
Sub-total - (2) - -
4 7
Total - (2) (4) -
(Note 1: Figure in parenthesis indicates No. of villages)
(Note 2: No village was identified within COI of project route alignment in District Dadu.)
Table 4.36: Existence of Village Associations
4.5.11 Potential Development for Minerals
The Project alignment passes through the mountainous and hilly areas of both Sindh and
Balochistan provinces and most of the rocks present in the vicinity of project alignment
are sedimentary.
The limestone was the only mineral found at some locations along the project
alignment. Presently due to absence of industries and crushing plants, it was not being
processed/or in use. Thus, it can be examined that there is a potential for limestone
development, which can be used during the construction activities for different projects
being implemented/ and or to be implemented in the area in future.
4.5.12 Tourism
4.5.12.1 Jiwani Coastal Wetland
Jiwain coastal weltand is an important place for tourism. Situated at the edge of the bay
called Gwadar Bay. It is the largest embayment along the entire coast and is fed by the
largest river of Balochistan, the Dasht River. There are approximately 2,200 ha of
mangrove forests. Turtle Beaches are a cluster of primarily four sandy beaches on the
eastern side, which are moderately wide and gently sloping with an indistinct platform
above the tidal waterline. Marine turtles mostly nest on the beach at the foot of some cliffs
a few km Southeast of Jiwani town. The beaches immediately surrounding this area are
known as Dran.
4.5.12.2 Gwadar City
Gwadar city and its near about is an amazing place to be visited. Beside the fact
that Gwadar is a commercial hub, it also has amazing tourist attractions. Five star
hotels Pear Continental and Zaver Gwadar provides fun for water sport which makes it
a best holiday destination. Gwadar is famous for sea faces and its port, beautiful east
and west bay.
4.5.12.3 Ormara Beach
Ormara is one of the most beautiful and naturally blessed tourism ventures along the
pipeline route. A beautiful long beach around the edge of Ormara makes it really
amazing for tourist to come and experience the beautiful outings. Amazing blue Green
beaches, Golden sand, and incredible natural beauty and fauna is a tourist attraction
throughout the year.
4.5.12.4 Hingol National Park
Cruising on the MCH approximately 190km from Karachi, tourist will come across this
park. It is a huge eco-park boasting some of the areas most beautiful wildlife. Tourist can
observe the wildlife and natural landscape and eye catching habitats and Hingol River.
Spread over an area of about 1,650km, the park area belong to the territory of three
districts, namely; Gwadar, Lasbela, and Owaran of Balochistan province, presenting a
variety of topographical features and vegetation, varying from barren sub-tropical forest
in the north to arid mountains in the west. Large regions of the national park are covered
with drift sand and can be classified as coastal semi desert. The National Park includes
Hingol River that flows through the park and finally falls in Arabian Sea. Such diversified
landscape having beautiful water bodies and mountains attracts tourists from all over
Pakistan to visit this park.
Nani Mandir, the last remnants of the Hindu society that once inhabited the region is
situated near an underwater stream, similar to a cave form that is bounded by
mountains. The end of the cave houses the holy relic that is covered by red clothes and
vermilion. As narrated by Maharaj Gopal, Nani Mandir is an important Hindu pilgrimage.
Since the Mandir is located in a desert which is called Maru in Sanskrit, the shrine is
referred in holy texts as Marutirtha Hinglaj which means Hinglaj- the shrine of the desert.
Hindus from all over Pakistan visit this temple while those from across the border yearn
for an opportunity of a pilgrimage.
Another attractive site located in the park on the coastal highway about 6km away from
Kund Malir is the Buzi Pass. One would be struck by the sublime beauty of the smooth
road of Buzi Pass as it snakes its way through the mountains. Sitting near the Buzi Pass,
tourist usually see vast blue water of the Arabian Sea on one side and marvel at the
grandeur of majestic mountains on the other side. Also looking over the lofty peaks,
along the coastal highway another significant feature namely Princess of Hope is a
sight to behold.
4.5.12.5 Kund Malir
Another significant landscape worth seeing and can be considered an important
attractive area is Kund Malir. It is the beautiful desert beach near Hingol, some 145km
from Zero-Point on MCH. The sand dune desert along both sides of coastal highway
begins at Kund Malir. The sand gets drier and hotter than the usual and sand dunes are
usually formed suddenly due to fast blowing winds. It lies next to the huge mountains
alongside the MCH and the two together give a wild look to the place.
4.5.12.6 Kirthar National Park
The park is located in the southwestern part of Sindh Province and was declared as
National Park in 1974. It stretches over 3087 km and is the second largest National Park
in Pakistan. Most impressive wildlife (Ibex, Chinkara, Urial), having largest fort of the
world (Ranikot); centuries old graveyard of Taung, petrified trees, classified fossils and
much more is here to discover. The cultural heritage of this park forms part of the
inheritance of the people. Many sites in the park are of significant interest for tourist and
recreational purposes (above). The non-availability of proper infrastructure is a
prominent hurdle in visiting the important sites; however, a balance must be struck
between openings up these sites through better infrastructure for tourists for the
protection of these sites.
The remains of the site of Rani Kot present something of an enigma to the archaeologist.
In an excellent state of preservation, they constitute a massive example of defensive
architecture and have been described as belonging to: the Persian period (Iron Age,
sixth to fifth centuries BC); Alexander the Great (Hellenistic, fourth century BC); Bactrian
Greeks (second century BC); Scythians (first century BC); Parthians (first century AD); or
Sassanians (third to fourth centuries AD) (Panhwar, nd: 5). The fort guards a pass in the
mountains which may be part of a natural route leading from Thatta through the Kirthar
range and on to Sehwan. The other national significance sites include the multi-period
sites of Koh Tarash and Taung Miri and Babro. However, Taung valley graveyard of Jam
Lohar is of international significance and is an attractive tourist place
28
.
4.5.13 Archaeological and Cultural Heritage
The following places of interest have been found during the reconnaissance survey in
the Balochistan Province; including caves of ancient civilization at RD 80, Princess of
Hope at RD 410 were found more than 2km away from our proposed pipeline route and

28
Baseline study, University of Melbourne
the third one is graveyard of Muhammad Bin Qasim Companions at RD 431, intilally it
was within the COI of 100m but now it is also well away from our COI.
4.5.14 Socioeconomic Profile of the PAPs
This section of the Chapter deals with the socioeconomic baseline conditions of the
preliminiary identified list of PAPs residing along the project alignment of 780km (0+000
655km in Balochistan and 655 780km in Sindh province), however, exact
identification along with title will be known once the footprint of the project is made
available which is expected in Stage 2 of the IP-Project. The major purpose of this
section is to accomplish the baseline information, which will provide the basis for
subsequent monitoring and evaluation activities. This Section covers the demographic
features of the PAPs, major occupations, agriculture, household income/well-being, living
standards and access to social amenities.
4.5.14.1 Family Size
The survey results presented in Table 4.37 reveals that the average family size is
computed to be 7.2 members per household. The average family size of sample affected
households was higher in Sindh (i.e. 8.2 members) relative to that of Balochistan (i.e. 6.3
members). This indicates that in Balochistan, nuclear family system prevailed, while in
case of Sindh, most of the families were living jointly.
Project
Alignment
Average
Family Size
(No.)
Gender Composition
(%)
Literacy Rate*
(%)
Male Female Overall Male Female
Balochistan 6.3 52.8 47.2 21.2 30.3 11.0
Sindh 8.2 55.5 44.5 30.1 38.0 20.2
Overall 7.2 54.6 45.4 27.2 35.6 17.1
* Literacy rate of population resided in the vicinity of project site.
Table 4.37: Average Family Size of Sample Households
4.5.14.2 Gender Composition
The gender ratio refers to the number of male members for 100 women. It was observed
that on an overall basis, the ratio of men and women was estimated as 54.6% and
45.4% respectively for the sample project affected households indicating the men and
women ratio of 1.203. Province-wise details are given in above Table 4.37 and graphic
illustration is shown in Figure 4.8.

Figure 4.8: Gender Composition of Sampled PAPs
4.5.14.3 Literacy Status
Literacy is not just attaining the skills of leading and writing but providing people with the
skills to learn, protect and empower themselves in the society and contribute in the
decision making at various levels. The literacy is a key-learning tool in the first step
towards basic education. Illiteracy breeds a vicious cycle, Illiterate are poor - poor are
powerless - powerless are illiterate. The general disparity in education exists in low-
income communities.
On overall basis, for the whole project alignment, the average literacy rate of the local
population reported by the PAPs was 27.2%, whereas the average literacy rate of PAPs
was lower in the Balochistan province, i.e. 21.2% relative to the Sindh province (30.1%).
The literacy rate of male members of the households were higher (35.6%) than that of
women (17.1%) both in Balochistan and Sindh provinces, indicating the access to
education facilities were more for males as compared to females. Province-wise details
are summarized in above Table 4.37.
4.5.14.4 Major Occupations of the Sample Households
In the project area, the sample populations (PAPs) are involved in different occupations
in order to meet their living expenditure. Out of the total sample population (PAPs), 40.0
percent are involved in farming activities, while 6.3 percent are employed in various
government and private services. About 5.4 percent sample populations are doing
business, 27.7 percent are daily-wage laborers, and 9.4 percent are involved livestock
enterprise, while remaining 2.7 percent and 8.5 percent are drivers and others (students/
abroad) respectively. Province-wise details are presented in Table 4.38 and Figure 4.9.

Project
Alignment
Main Occupations (%)
Farming Service
29
Business
30
Laborers
31

Livestock
enterprise
Drivers
Other
(Students
/ abroad)
Balochistan 5.4 11.7 7.2 38.7 17.1 4.5 15.3
Sindh 74.6 0.9 3.5 16.7 1.8 0.9 1.8
Overall 40.0 6.3 5.4 27.7 9.4 2.7 8.5
Table 4.38: Major Occupations of the Sample Households

Figure 4.9: Major Occupations of Sample PAPs
4.5.14.5 Status of Agriculture
Farm Area
The size holding is an indicator measuring the socioeconomic position of a household.
The data presented in Table 4.39 indicates that there is no farm within the size of less
than 0.4 ha (1.0 acre) both in the project area of Balochistan and Sindh province. The
survey results provided in Table 4.40 have shown that on overall basis, for the whole
project alignment, two-third of the sample PAPs belongs to the category of medium and
large farms, while remaining one-third are small farmers. In case of Balochistan, all
farmers belong to the medium and large farm size categories, while in case of Sindh
province, all categories (i.e. very small, small, medium and large) farmers were found
along the project alignment
It can be assessed that in Balochistan, all farmers who had their land within the project
alignment are medium and large farmers, while in case of Sindh, all categories of
farmers are present. Thus, the average farm size is significant greater in Balochistan as

29
Government and Private employe
30
Business includes shops, hotels, general stores, medical stores and other
31
Laborers includes skilled and unskilled laborers
compared to the farm size in the province of Sindh. Province-wise farm size distribution
is given in Table 4.39.
Project
Alignment
Very Small
Farms
(1 5 acres)
Small Farms
(>5 12.5
acres)
Medium
Farms
(> 12.5 25.0
acres)
Large Farms
(>25.0 acres)
Remarks
Balochistan
-
( - )
-
( - )
20
( 1 )
47.5
( 4 )
Small
cultivable
area
Sindh
3.6
(11)
7.9
(22)
17.5
(15)
49.6
( 8 )
Most of the
land is
cultivable
Overall 3.6
(11)
7.9
( 22 )
18.7
( 16 )
48.6
(12 )
-
(Note: Figures in parentheses indicate the number.) For conversion I ha = 2.47 acres
Table 4.39: Farm Size Distribution of Sample Affected Households
Average Cropped and Cultivated Area of Sample Households
The cropping pattern refers to the allocation of cultivated area among different crops
grown during year, i.e. winter (Rabi) and summer (Kharif). The survey data presented in
Table 4.40 reveals that on overall basis, there are different crops which are generally
grown during the year named as maize, sugarcane, wheat, oilseeds, cotton, basmati
rice, pulses and fodder.
On an overall basis, it was observed that the average size of the cropped area of sample
households is to the extent of 7.1 ha (17.5 acres), while it was 4.5 ha (11.0 acres) in
case of average size of cultivated area.
Project Alignment Average Cultivated Area
(acres)
Average Cropped
Area (acres)
Cropping Intensity
(%)
Balochistan 24.3 16.9 69.6
Sindh 9.5 17.6 186.1
Overall 11.0 17.5 158.8
Table 4.40: Average Size of Cropped and Cultivated Area
Average Cropping Intensity
The cropping intensity is an important key indicator measuring the use of land. The
cropping intensity refers to the extent of cultivated area being cropped during the year.
During the field survey, data relating to the cropping intensity has been collected and
accordingly analysed and results are presented in Table 4.40. On overall basis, the
average cropping intensity has been computed to be 158.8%. The average cropping
intensity of sample households belonging to the Balochistan is significantly lower
(69.6%) compared to the farms located along the project alignment passes through the
Sindh province.
This can be concluded that the most of the land belonging to the Balochistan province is
uncultivable, while it is highly productive land in case of farms located in the jurisdiction
of Sindh province. The graphic illustration is given in Figure 4.10.

Figure 4.10: Average Cropping Intensity of Farms Located along the Project Alignment
Average Yields of Major Crops
The crop yield is one of the key performance indicators to assess the productivity of land.
It also indicates the resource use pattern at farm level and technology adoption for
growing various crops.
The survey results depicted in Table 4.41 show that on overall basis, the average yield
per hectare is 3,460 kg/ha of maize, 87,366 (kg/ha) of Sugarcane, 3,583 kg/ha of
Basmati Rice (Paddy), 3,769 kg/ha of Cotton, 4,499 (kgs/ha), 4499 kg/ha of Wheat,
9,884 kgs/ha of Oilseeds and 1,631 kg/ha in case of Pulses. Province-wise details are
given in Table 4.42 below.
Project
Alignment
Maize
Sugar-
cane
Basmati
Rice
(Paddy)
Cotton Wheat Oilseeds Pulses
Balochistan 1,977 - - 4,448 4,942 9,884 1,631
Sindh 4,942 87,366 3,583 3,089 4,056 - -
Overall 3,460 87,366 3,583 3,769 4,499 9,884 1,631
Table 4.41: Average Yields of Different Crops
4.5.14.6 Household Income and Well-being
Average Annual Income
The household income includes both farm and non-farm income. The non-farm income
consisted of income from private and government service; business, labour; rent of
properties; remittances from both inside and outside the country, sale of livestock and
products and other. The assessment of annual household income is one of the important
indicators to measure the well-being/livelihood of the household. In the field survey, the
major sources of income included farm income, from crops, livestock, off-farm work,
business, daily wages, and remittances etc.
The survey results summarized in Table 4.42 reveal that on the whole, the average
annual household income that has been computed is around Rs. 291,540. On per capita
basis, the average annual income is Rs. 39,664. The household and per capita income
on monthly basis worked out to be Rs. 24,295 and Rs. 3,305 respectively. Province-wise
details are given in following table.
Project
Alignment
Average Household
Income (Rs.)
Average Per Capita
Income (Rs.)
Annual Monthly Annual Monthly
Balochistan 390,242 25,770 37,777 3,148
Sindh 270,099 22,508 42,616 3,551
Overall 291,540 24,295 39,664 3,305
Table 4.42: Average Household Income of Sample Households
Household Consumption Expenditure
The annual consumption expenditure and pattern of expenditure provides an indication
for assessing standard of living of a household. The consumption expenditure includes i)
expenditure on food items and ii) expenditure on non-food items. The food items include
cereals, pulses, flour, sugar, cooking oil/ghee, milk etc., while the non-food items include
the expenditure on education, health/medical treatment, clothes, shoes and cosmetics,
utilities bills and others.
The data summarized in Table 4.43 indicates that on an overall basis, the average
annual household consumption expenditure on both food and a non-food items has been
estimated as Rs.151,317, out of which, the proportion of expenditure on food and non-
food was to the extent of 79.5% and 20.5% respectively. Province-wise details of
consumption expenditure are given in Table 4.44 below.
Project
Alignment
Annual
Consumption
Expenditure
(Rs.)
Food Expenditure

Non-Food Expenditure

Rs. % Rs. %
Balochistan 144,346 118,237 81.9 26,109 18.1
Sindh 167,132 121,928 73.0 45,204 27.0
Overall 151,317 120,259 79.5 31058 20.5
Table 4.43: Average Annual Consumption Expenditure on Food and Non- Food Items
i) Ownership and Housing Conditions
The type of construction and housing conditions are also one of the indicators for the
assessment of living standard/well-being of a household. During the field survey
revealed that 100 percent of the samples PAPs have their own houses.
As far as the housing conditions are concerned, it was assessed during the field survey
that out of the total houses, 16.7% and 16.0% houses are pacca (concrete) and semi-
pacca respectively, while the houses which are katcha (mud) as reported by two-third of
the sample PAPs. Province-wise details are given in Table 4.44, while the graphic
illustration is shown in Figure 4.11.
Project Alignment

Owners of
Houses
Type of Construction
Pacca
(Concrete)
Semi Pacca
Katcha
(earthen/ mud)
Balochistan 100 8.8 4.4 86.8
Sindh 100 24.5 27.5 48.0
Overall 100 16.6 16.0 67.4
Table 4.44: Status of Ownership and Housing Conditions of Sample Households

Figure 4.11: Housing Conditions of Sample PAPs Sindh
Extent of Credit Utilization
Generally, the credit is obtained to supplement the income to meet routine and some
occasional expenditure of the household including investment, social needs and other
unforeseen situations. Credit is obtained from formal (banks/institutions) and informal
(friends, relatives, land owners, shopkeeper etc.) sources. In general, loan obtained from
banks is limited due to high mark up.
On the whole, 10.8 percent of the sample households have obtained credit from informal
sources (especially from land owners in case of Sindh and from relatives/friends and
neighbourers etc.-Balochistan). The average amount of loan obtained by the sample
households is to the extent of Rs. 24,063.
Most of the respondents (41.2%) had obtained credit for farm purpose, while remaining
proportion utilized their credit in some business activities, live stocking and household
matters. Details are presented in Table 4.45.
Survey
Location /
Extent of
Credit
Proportion
of
households
who
obtained
Credit (%)
Av.
Amount
of loan
received
(Rs.)
Purpose of Credit Use (%)
Purchase
of House
Farm
Purpose
Livestock
(purchase
of
animals)
Business
Househ-
old
Matters
Repair &
mainten-
ance of
house
Marriage/
other social
obligations
Balochistan 8.5 64,167 - - 33.3 50.0 - 16.7 -
Sindh 12.8 37,090 - 63.6 9.1 - 18.2 - 9.1
Overall 10.8 24,063 - 41.2 17.6 17.6 11.8 5.9 5.9
Table 4.45: Extent of Credit Obtained and Utilization Pattern
4.5.14.7 Access to Social Amenities
The survey has shown that on overall basis, the road and education facilities (schools)
are available as reported by half of the sample PAPs; and drinking water/electricity
connections are available at their household level as reported by about one-third of the
sample population. About 10 to12% PAPs indicated that they have access to other social
amenities such as health facilities, sui-gas and telephone facilities.
Drinking water is also available reasonably to the population of Sindh while in case of
Balochistan, such facilities are non-existent or limited as reported by 23.9%. In the
survey, it was noted that along the project alignment, the major sources of drinking water
are hand pumps, wells/electric motor, tubewells, perennial nullah, springs, electric wells
(motor) etc. The summary of results is presented in Table 4.46.
Project
Alignment
Drinking
Water
Electricity
connection
Health
Centre
Education
( School)
Road Sui-Gas Telephone
Balochistan 23.9 14.1 9.9 53.5 67.6 1.4 4.2
Sindh 50.0 62.0 15.1 47.9 43.0 24.4 22.1
Overall 37.0 38.0 12.5 50.7 55.3 12.9 13.2
Table 4.46: Access to Social Amenities
4.5.14.8 Livestock
Along the pipeline route, settlements (households) earn income by doing farm and off
farm activities collectively i.e. by doing permanent job in public sector or private sector,
business and other daily wages work. This source of income is being utilized for meeting
their daily/monthly expenses and to some extent for saving purposes, which is not much.
Therefore, rural settlements are highly depended on livestock. In rural areas the main
asset considered is livestock, since the farmers can sell an animal to have money to fulfil
their urgent requirements also through selling of animal/dairy products in the market.
At both the project locations Sindh and Balochistan main animals (livestock) are sheep
and goats (92% of the PAPs). The buffaloes are also mainly kept by the farmers in Sindh
mostly in the district of Shaheed Benazirabad (77%). The donkeys which are kept to
bring fodder for livestock and for transportation of corn and other goods (farm products)
from farms to houses or to markets have been reported by reasonable proportions of the
sample households i.e. on the whole (36.3%). Rearing of Horses and Camels are not
common in both the provinces of pipeline route. The survey results of animals are
provided in Table 4.47 below.

Location Buffalo
(Nos.)
Cow
(Nos.)
Horse
(Nos.)
Donkey
(Nos.)
Camel
(Nos.)
Sheep/ Goat
(Nos.)
Balochistan
Gwadar -
( - )
2
(20.4)
-
( - )
1
(67.3)
2
(38.8)
20
(100)
Lesbala -
( - )
4
(45.5)
-
( - )
1
(72.7)
3
(18.2)
64
(95.5)
Khuzdar - - - - - -
Sindh
Jamshoro 2
(10.0)
2
(23.3)
-
( - )
3
(23.3)
-
( -)
19
(96.7)
Shaheed
Benazirabad
3
(76.8)
3
(28.6)
-
( - )
1
(8.9)
-
( - )
8
(82.1)
Overall 3
(29.3)
3
(27.4)
-
( - )
1
(36.3)
2
( 14.6)
22
(92.4)
(Note: Figure in parenthesis indicates percentage of sample PAPs.)
Table 4.47: Average No of Animals per household
4.5.15 Gender Analysis and Issues
Overall about 44.6 percent of the total population is of women. It can be concluded that
in the vicinity of the project, women are significantly involved in domestic work including
washing clothes, fetching water, cooking, child caring, cleaning and repairs of household
items, participation in social obligations/marriage and gathering etc. Water fetching
activity is more common in the districts of Gwader (81.3 %), Lasbela (57.1%) and
Jamshoro (100), in contrast the ratio is less in the district of Shaheed Benazirabad i.e.
only 21.7%.
Livestock Rearing - collection of fodder, grazing, washing buffaloes, processing the milk
products of animals, is also considered as the main activity of the women of Jamshoro
(100%), Shaheed Benazirabad (78.3%) and Lasbela (78.6%) except in the district of
Gwadar as only 25 % of women are involved in livestock rearing.
Agricultural/Farming Activities harvesting of crops (74.1%), picking of vegetation (77.8)
and Cotton Picking (59.3%) is majorly done in the Province of Sindh, while picking of
vegetation and cotton are rarely done in the districts of Balochistan, moreover picking of
vegetation has not been done by the women of Lasbela falling in the Project alignment,
similarly cotton picking is not common in the district of Gwader.
Income Generating Activities - Women of the project area are not mainly indulged in
income generating activities as depicted in the Table 4.48. In case of Balochistan trivial
numbers of women are taking part in income generation through teaching and medical
profession indicating lack of social approval in the confinement of Balochistan. In case of
Sindh although the number is very few but women are taking part in teaching, medical
and even in cottage industry.

Sr.
No.
Districts
No. of Villages
Domestic
Work
Livestock
Rearing
Child
Caring
Harvesting
Crops
Picking of
vegetation
Cotton
Picking
Water
fetching
from nearby
area
Teaching
LHV/
Medical
Tuition/
Academy
Cottage
Industry
A BALOCHISTAN
i) Gwader
16
(100)
4
(25)
16
(100)
3
(19)
3
(19)
-
( - )
13
(81)
2
(13)
1
(6)
-
( - )
-
( - )
ii) Lasbela
14
(100)
11
(79)
14
(100)
9
(65)
-
( - )
1
(7)
8
(57)
-
( - )
-
( - )
-
( - )
-
( - )
Sub-Total
30
(100)
15
(50)
30
(100)
12
(40)
3
(19)
1
(7)
21
(70)
2
(13)
1
(6)
-
( - )
-
( - )
B SINDH
i) Jamshoro
4
(100)
4
(100)
4
(100)
3
(75)
2
(50)
1
(25)
4
(100)
-
( - )
1
(25)
-
( - )
1
(25)
ii)
Shaheed
Benazirabad
23
(100)
18
(78)
23
(100)
17
(74)
19
(83)
15
(65)
5
(22)
2
(9)
1
(4)
3
(13)
1
(4)
Sub-Total
27
(100)
22
(82)
27
(100)
20
(74)
21
(78)
16
(59)
9
(33)
2
(9)
2
(9)
3
(13)
2
(9)
Overall Total
57
(100)
37
(65)
57
(100)
32
(56)
24
(42)
17
(30)
30
(53)
4
(7)
2
(3)
3
(5)
1
(2)
(Note: Figures in parentheses indicate the percentage.)
Table 4.48: Women involvement in Different Activities
In general, there is no any important issue with the women of the COI associated with
the implementation of the project. Thus, the women in the project area are actively
participating in several activities. An effort was made during the field survey to explore
the potential for the women development. Women are of the view that along with the
execution of the project some supplementary works will be undertaken to establish some
cottage industries in the area, which could have a significant positive impact on the
women development. Some of the preferable cottage industries/factories as identified by
the local women are as below:
Garments (Hosiery);
Zari (silk & golden thread work);
Stitching, Lock & Embroidery;
Button making; and
Carpet manufacturing.
There is a need to address gender-related issues at all levels of the project design,
implementation and operation. In addition, there are some other issues relating to the
project as pointed out in the survey, which should also be addressed under the project.
As the project route is passing through the rural area and rural community, women
activities in the field may become affected due to the construction activities; and
The induction of outside labour may create social and gender issues due to the
unawareness of local customs and norms. It will also cause hindrance to the
mobility of local women.
4.5.16 Project Affected Structures
A census survey was carried out to identify the project impacts and a detailed inventory
of assets/ land, structures, trees/ vegetation were recorded. During the reconnaisance
survey and site investigations; it was also reveals that patches of land will be acquired
temporarily for laying of approximate 66,000 pipes all along the length according to the
details given in the land acquisition plan. The project impacts include the following:
Affected Household;
Loss of residential/ commercial structures;
Loss of community/ private structures;
Loss of public infrastructure; and
Loss of trees/ vegetation.
4.5.16.1 Categories of the Affected Households
The survey results about PAPs in accordance with the affected land/structures, found in
the project area (Balochistan and Sindh) are presented in Table 4.49 while Land owners
details are presented in Annex J. It was observed that in the vicinity of Balochistan
falling under the Project consists of 65 land owners and 42 owners of structures while in
case of Sindh number of land owners and owners of structures are 177 and 37
respectively.
Project Corridor
Category of PAPs Total Affected
Households
(nos.)
Land Owners
Owners of
Structures
Balochistan
Gawader 22 13 35
Lasbela 43 29 72
Sub-Total 65 42 107
Sindh
Jamshoro 36 - 36
Shaheed Benazirabad
141 37 178
Sub-Total 177 37 214
Total 242 79 321
(Note: Affected Households were not identified in District Dadu.)
Table 4.49: Categories of the Affected Households
4.5.16.2 Affected Buildings/Structures
During the field survey, it was observed that a number of residential (houses, rooms,
boundary walls, etc), commercial (shops, hotels, general stores etc.) were found in the
route alignment. The information relating to the use and type (i.e. pacca, semi-pacca and
katcha) of structure was noted and the size of the each affected structure was also
measured. The summary of the affected residential, commercial and other structures is
presented in Table 4.50. The details regarding inventory of structure by PAPs are
presented in Annex K.
Affected Structures within the COl (0 - < 200m)
The data given below in the Table 4.50 shows that there are total 110 structures
(residential & commercial) located within the COI (less than 200 m), which may require
relocation. Out of total structures, 88 are the residential and 18 are the commercial. In
addition, 3 boundary walls and 1 hut exist. The total area of these structures which may
be affected is 1510.5 m
2
and 130 rm. Furthermore, this table also explains that all these
structures are owned by the 45 PAPs.
Affected Structures within the COl (>200m - <500m)
The data given in the Table 4.50 shows that there are total 49 structures (residential &
commercial) located within the COI (>200 m - <500m), only Balochistan area is affected
under this COI which may require relocation. Out of total structures, 4 are the residential
and 41 are the commercial. The total area of these structures which may be affected is
4853.3m
2
. Furthermore, this table also explains that all these structures are owned by
the 34 PAPs.
Sr.
No.
Category of Affected Building/
Structure
Affected Structures within the COl
(0-<200m)
Affected Structures within the
COl (>200-<500m)
No. of
AHH
No. of
Structures
Size of
Structures
(m
2
)
No.
of
AHH
No. of
Structures
Size of
Structures
(m
2
)
A Balochistan Province
1 Residential/ Commercial Building
i) Structure (House, room) - - - 2 4 54
ii) Commercial Buildings
(Shops, hotels and filling station)
6 10 241 32 45 4799.3
iii) Boundary wall 1 3 130rm - - -
iv) Hut 1 1 40 - - -
Sub-Total 8 14 281 (length
130rm)
34 49 4853.5
B Sindh Province
1 Residential/ Commercial Building
i) Structure (Houses and rooms) 35 88 1193.5 - - -
ii) Commercial Buildings(Shops) 2 8 36 - - -
Sub-Total 37 96 1229.5 - - -
Total 45 110 1510.5
(length
130rm)
34 49 4853.5
Table 4.50: Number of Affected Building/ Structures
4.5.16.3 Affected Community/ Private Structures
Details and extent of impact in terms of loss is summarized below in Table 4.51. During
the impact assessment survey, it was observed that the community/private structures
located within the COI consists of communication tower, mosque, water bodies (ponds),
handpump/well, graveyards and zakrani which may be affected in both the provinces of
Balochistan and Sindh.
Affected Community Structures within the COl (0 - 200m)
The data given below in the Table 4.51 shows that there are total 26 community
structures (mosques, communication tower, water body, hand pumps well, grave yards
and other community structures) located within the COI (less than 200 m), which may
require relocation. Out of total structures, 25 falls in Balochistan area including 5 are the
private communication towers, 13 water bodies, 1 hand pump, 1 Mosque, 3 graveyards,
1 shrine and 1 zakrani, while in Sindh there is only 1 graveyard which is falling in the COI
of less than 200 m. The total area of these structures which may be affected is 3186 m
2
.
Affected Community Structures within the COl (>200m - <500m)
The data given in this table shows that there are total 15 community structures
(mosques, communication tower, water body, hand pumps well, graveyards and other
community structures) located within the CoI (>200 m - <500m), only Balochistan area is
affected under this COI which may require relocation. Out of total structures, 4 are
mosques, 6 private communication towers, 3 water bodies (ponds), and 2 graveyards.
The total area of these structures which may be affected is 3934 m
2
.
The details regarding inventory of community/ private structure are presented in
Annex L.
Sr.
No.
Category of Affected Community
Structures
Within the COl
(0- <200m)
Within the COl
(>200-<500m)
No. of
Structures
Size of
Structures
(m
2
)
No. of
Structures
Size of
Structures
(m
2
)
1 Mosque 1 12 4 184
2 Communication Tower 5 3125 6 3750
3 Water Body (Ponds) 13 - 3 -
4 Water Hand Pump, Well 1 25 - -
5 Graveyard 3 - 2 -
6 Other (Zakrani) 1 24 - -
7 Shrine 1 - - -
Sub-Total 25 3186 15 3934
B Sindh Province
1 Mosque - - - -
2 Communication Tower - - - -
3 Water Body (Ponds) - - - -
4 Water Hand Pump, Well - - - -
5 Graveyard 1 - - -
6 Other (Zakrani) - - - -
Sub-Total 1 - - -
Total 26 3186 15 -
Table 4.51: Number of Affected Community/ Private Structures
4.5.16.4 Public Infrastructure
The data regarding the affected public infrastructure located within the proposed project
is presented in Table 4.52.
Public Structures within the COl (0 - 200m)
The data given below in the table shows that there are total 18 public structures (Public
buildings; police stations, schools, GIT Office, WAPDA boundary wall, grid station, forest
rest house, waiting room, wind mill, water supply and bridge) located within the COI (less
than 200 m), which may require relocation. Out of total structures, 17 fall in Balochistan
area including a police station, WAPDA boundary wall, Grid station, wind mill, water
supply, 2 schools, 3 transmission lines, 2 roads and 5 bridges. The total area of these
structures which may be affected is 287 m
2
. In case of Sindh province only a school is
falling in the COI of less than 200 m covering the area of 80 m
2
.
Public Structures within the COl (>200m - <500m)
The data given in this table shows that there are total 11 Public structures (Public
buildings; police stations, schools, GIT Office, WAPDA boundary wall, Grid station forest
rest house, waiting room, wind mill, water supply and bridge) located within the COI
(>200 m - <500m), only Balochistan area is affected under this COI which may require
relocation. Out of total structures, a GIT Office, Forest rest house, waiting room and 7
bridges were falling within COI. The total area of these structures which may be affected
is 2892 m
2
.
The details regarding inventory of public infrastructure are presented in Annex M.
Sr.
No.
Type of Infrastructure
Infrastructures within the COl
(<200m)
Infrastructures within
the COl (>200-<500m)
No. of Structures
Size of
Structures
(m
2
)
No. of
Structures
Size of
Structures
(m
2
)
1 Public Buildings
i) Police Station 1 1530 - -
ii) School 2 1120 1 24
iii) GIT office - - 1 1680
iv) WAPDA boundary wall 1 1600rm - -
v) Promenade/Grid Station 1 68 - -
vi) Forest Rest House - - 1 1200
vii) Waiting Room - - 1 12
2 Wind Mill 1 9 - -
3 Water Supply 1 144
4 Bridge 5 - 7 -
5 Transmission Line 3 - - -
6 Road 2 - - -
Sub-Total 17 2871
(length
1600rm)
11 2916
B Sindh Province
1 Public Buildings
i) Police Station - - - -
Sr.
No.
Type of Infrastructure
Infrastructures within the COl
(<200m)
Infrastructures within
the COl (>200-<500m)
No. of Structures
Size of
Structures
(m
2
)
No. of
Structures
Size of
Structures
(m
2
)
ii) School 1 80 - -
iii) GIT office - - - -
iv) WAPDA boundary wall - - - -
v) Promenade/Grid Station - - - -
vi) Forest Rest House - - - -
vii) Waiting Room - - - -
2 Wind Mill - - - -
3 Water Supply - -
4 Bridge - - - -
Sub-Total 1 80 -
Total 18 2951
(length
1600rm)
11 2916
Table 4.52: Number of Affected Public Infrastructures
4.5.17 Inventory of Trees
Fruit Trees
The results of field survey depicted in Table 4.53 indicates that total 296 fruit trees are
located within the project route, which will need to be cut down/removed due to the
acquisition of land. These fruit trees belong to the category of Date Palm (Phoenix spp.)
and Beri (zizphus). The details regarding inventory of public infrastructure are presented
in Annex M.
i) Affected Fruit Trees within the COl (0 - 200m)
The total number of affected fruit trees falling within the COI of less than 200 m are 186
out of which date palm trees comprises of major portion i.e. 177 whose average age is
about 80 years falling in the Balochistan area, on the other hand beri (zizphus) are few in
numbers i.e. 9 whose average age is 30 years falling in the project route of Sindh
Province.
ii) Affected Fruit Trees within the COl (>200m - <500m)
The total number of affected fruit trees falling within the COI (within 200 to 500 m) are
110 comprises date palm (Phoenix spp.) trees falling in the Balochistan portion with the
average age of 87 years.


Sr.
No.
Name of Trees
No. of Affected Structures within
the COl (<200m)
the COl (>200-<500m)
No. of Trees
Av. Age
(Years)
No. of Trees
Av. Age
(Years)
1 Date Palm (Phoenix spp.) 177 80 110 87
B Sindh Province
1 Date Palm (Phoenix spp.) - - - -
2 Beri (zizphus) 9 30 - -
Total 186 - 110 -
Table 4.53: No. of Affected Fruit Trees (Private)
Wood Trees
The total trees (Private) around 4604 located within the COI. In addition, 13 trees of Beri
(zizphus) and Kandi owned by the government are found within the demarcation of this
project. Most of the trees are of Deciduous xerophytes, Acacia senegal, Capparis
deciduas and Tecomella undulate. Details are given in Table 4.54 and inventory of trees
is presented in Annex N.
i) Affected Wood Trees within the COl (0 - <200m)
The total number of affected private wood trees falling within the COI of less than 200 m
are 4,195 comprising of trees 1,437 Kandi (Prosopia ginerasia), 2,288 Kikar (Acacia
nilotica), 98 Gaz (Tarmarix buxifolia), 372 Kahur in Balochistan while 5 Kandi (Prosopia
ginerasia), 192 Kikar (Acacia nilotica), 17 Lawa (Tamarix spp.), 25 Neem (Azadirachta
indica) and 45 Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) in the jurisdiction of Sindh Province. The girth
of mentioned trees falling in the COI is also presented in the table below.
ii) Affected Wood Trees within the COl (>200m - <500m)
The total number of affected wood trees falling within the COI of within 200 to 500 m are
125 comprised of 55 Kandi (Prosopia ginerasia), 70 Kikar (Acacia nilotica) trees in
Balochistan area. The girth of mentioned trees falling in the CoI is also presented in the
Table 4.54.
Sr.
No.
Name of Trees
the COl (<200m)
No. of Affected Structures
within the COl (>200-<500m)
No. of Trees
Girth of trees
(ft)
No. of Trees
Girth of
trees (ft)
1 Kandi (Prosopia ginerasia) 1,437 3- 5 55 2- 5
2 Kikar (Acacia nilotica) 2,288 2- 4 70 2- 4
Sub-Total 4,195 - 125 -
B Sindh Province
1 Kandi (Prosopia ginerasia) 5 2- 4 - -
2 Kikar (Acacia nilotica) 192 2- 3 - -
3 Lawa (Tamarix spp.) 17 2- 3 - -
4 Neem (Azadirachta indica) 25 2- 3 - -
5 Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) 45 2- 5 - -
7 Capparis decidua - - 1- 2
Sub-Total 284 - -
Total 4,479 - 125 -
Table 4.54: No. of Affected Wood/ Timber Trees (Private)
The total numbers of affected wood trees owned by the forest department are 13 out of
which 10 were falling within the COI of less than 200m while only 3 are falling in the COI
of within 200 to 500 m of Sindh Province only while a big forest having thousand number
of trees of forest department falling in COI. The details of affected wood trees owned by
the forest department with their scientific names are mentioned in the Table 4.55.
Name of Trees
No. of Affected Tress
within the Col
(<200m)
No. of Affected
Tress within the
Col
(>200 - <500m)
Balochistan Province - -
Deciduous Xerophytes - -
Acacia Senegal - -
Sindh Province
Capparis deciduas - -
Tecomella undulata - -
Beri (zizphus) 10
Kandi (Prosopia ginerasia) - 3
Total 10 3
Table 4.55: No. of AffectedWood/Timber Trees Owned by Forest Department
4.5.18 Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan
Detailed Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP) for the IP-Project has been
prepared as a separate document, which is a living document and will keep on updated
as long as the consultations continuous.
The PCDP seeks to define a technically and culturally appropriate approach to
consultation and disclosure. The goals are to ensure that adequate and timely
information is provided to PAPs and other stakeholders having sufficient opportunity to
voice their opinions and concerns as concerns influence project decisions.
The PCDP provides for the identification of stakeholders (Primary and Secondary), i.e.
people who have an interest or a role in the project development or could be affected by
the project and sets out the planned programme for disclosure of project information and
consultations with stakeholders, methods for handling stakeholders concerns and
grievances in case they arise and document the on-going consultation programmes. The
major objective of the consultations is to get the feedback and potential issues
associated with the implementation of the project and all potential primary and secondary
stakeholders are required to be identified through consultation with the project
management and other concerned officials and locals.
The details of consultations and various concerns of the stakeholders are documented in
the PCDP (Document No B711-ILF-GEN-EN-AUT-0002).
5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1 Analysis-Methodology
The method for impact assessment is already stipulated in Chapter 1 of this report and
reproduced here as a ready reference. To independently evaluate those issues posing
as potential impacts and to determine the likely outcome of those impacts when
compared to the native conditions, the common significance criteria has been developed.
This SEIA incorporates the relevance and intensity of impacts criteria to evaluate the
severity, which enables efficient identification and focus on those resources most likely to
be impacted by the proposed IP Pipeline Project. Intensity criterion has been established
to analytically classify whether potential impacts would most likely be positive, or
negative. Negative impacts have been further classified as very high, high, moderate or
low.Similarly, relevance criteria divided into four categories i.e. rare, possible, likely and
certain. Following Table 5.1 illustrates the criteria and Table 5.2 describes to classify the
impact evaluation.
Intensity of Impact (Consequences)
Relevance
(Likelihood)
Low
(1)
Moderate
(2)
High
(3)
Very High
(4)
Rare (A) I L L L
Possible (B) L M M M
Likely (C)C) L H H H
Certain (D) L H C C
Table 5.1: Criteria for Impact Assessment

Impact:
(C) Catastrophic - detailed action/plan required
(H) High risk - needs senior management attention
(M) Moderate risk - specify management responsibility
(L) Low risk - manage by routine procedures
(I) Insignificant- Negligible
Likelihood:
D Certain - expected in most circumstances
C Likely - will probably occur in most circumstances
B Possible - could occur at some time
A Rare - exceptional circumstances only
Consequences:
4 Very High - would stop achievement of functional goals / objectives
3 High - would threaten functional goals / objectives
2 Moderate - necessitating significant adjustment to overall function
1 Low - would threaten an element of the function
Table 5.2: Criteria for Impact Evaluation
The impact analysis and mitigation measures approach considered for physical and
ecological sectors is based on segment wise, where as for socio-economic the
methodology adopted province wise (Bankable Preliminary SEIA Report Document No
B711-NES-GEN-EN-REP-0006).
5.2 Pipeline Route Segments
The whole length of the pipeline has been divided into nine segments (Table 5.3). The
potential impacts and their associated mitigation measures are discussed in this chapter
and each affected sectors information on impacts and mitigation measures contains all
the segments. This approach facilitates for evaluation by third part in a systematic way.
The summary of the segments is provided in Table 5.3.
Name of Segment Classification RD
Gwadar Flat Barren Area 0 180
Pasni Hilly Terrain 180 240
Buzi Makola/Kalmat Khor Wildlife Sanctuary/Wetlands 240 300
Ormara Beaches 300 380
Hingol National Park 380 475
Miani Hor/Dureji Natural Lake/Game Reserve 475 560
Kirthar National Park National Park 560 722
Indus River River Crossing 722 732
Shaheed Benazirabad Plain Agricultural Fields 732 780
Table 5.3: Details of Segments
5.3 Beneficial Impacts
IP-Project will have a number of significant positive impacts on national as well as local
community economy that provide a clear justification for the project and, in certain
aspects, off-set some of the negative impacts. Some of upfront positive impacts are
provided below and thereafter socio-economic benefits are given.
On a national scale, the construction of IPGP project will play a key role in
exponential growth of economy. Pakistan is facing acute energy shortages that
have lead to energy crises and security issues due to ongoing confrontation with
tribal areas. The total investment has declined from 22.5% of the GDP in 2006-07
to 13.4% of GDP in 2010-11 (Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2010-11;
Economic Advisers Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad).
Given the current energy crisis that Pakistan is facing, the availability of natural gas
resource through this pipeline will help to meet the future energy demands on top
of using indigenous sources such as hydro power, coal, wind and solar power as
well as other alternate and renewable energy sources. The country is currently
dependent on oil imports amounting to about 32% out of which 43% is consumed
by the industry (Pakistan Economic survey 2010-11). Presently, the energy
demand exceeds supply and hence load-shedding is a common phenomenon
through frequent power shutdowns. Pakistan needs about 14,000-15,000 MW
electricity per day and the demand increased to approximately 20,000 MW per day
in 2010. The current figures of power generation in the country cannot cope with
the required demand and country is facing an acute shortfall of about 3000-4000
MW per day consequently badly affecting industry, commerce and daily life of
people. According to the WB estimates, the gas imports will represent almost 67
per cent of natural gas supply in 2025. One can, therefore, gauge the quantum of
shortage in case import pipelines are not materialized. Pakistans gas reserves are
32.8 Trillion Cubic Foot (TCF) at present. Currently, natural gas supplies 49
percent of Pakistans energy needs. Pakistan is looking to increase its gas
production to support increasing consumption through Pipelines from Iran and
Turkmenistan. Currently, Pakistan ranks third in the world for use of natural gas as
a motor fuel, behind Brazil and Argentina. In addition, Pakistan hopes to make gas
a fuel of choice for future electric power generation projects. This project would
also support the poor non-privileged population in the provinces of Balochistan and
Sindh through capacity building of the local communities. These beneficial impacts
also take into account various environmental development and socioeconomic
benefits during the construction and operational phases, plus the impacts of
IPGPs regional community development program;
Minimizing dependency on foreign Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and foreign oil for
industrial, automobiles and household nation-wide consumption. The impact will be
of highly negative nature and its intensity and likelihood will also be of high risk;
Helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
The local use of any gas produced from the province would seem to be an
essential condition of commercial exploitation of such resources. Provisions of
natural gas must be made to the local communities residing along the pipeline to
make this project see daylight as the locals need to own this pipeline;
Extensive landscaping of the area around the pipeline COI will improve the
aesthetic value as well as the environmental condition of this barren land;
Finally, poverty alleviation, through gender micro financing schemes and jobs to
the locals will be boosted;
Transfer of technology to unskilled labour for skilled activities;
Literacy rate will get better due to primary level school development through
community benefit program under the provisions of the IP Gas Pipeline Project;
Accessibility of gas to settlements;
Bilateral relations with Iran get better off and being the neighbourhood import and
export plans in future for other sectors may also get started ultimately improving
the economies of both countries. Geographical location of both countries will have
significant potential for exchange of cost effective resources; and
The IP Gas Pipeline Project is expected to generate foreign investment/revenue
and will also develop a trend of further investment in other future programs from
other foreign investors.
5.3.1 Beneficial Socio-Economic Impacts:
Various short-term and long term social and economic benefits are expected to be
generated due to Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline construction activities as well as operations
both locally and nationally. Of the most, the major ones is the local employment and
increased income sources. The program has proposed community benefit programs
worth 83 million PAK rupees. Expectedly, the supply of goods and services for the
construction of pipeline system will be sourced from local businesses. This plan will
benefit the locals in terms of increased revenues.
Various communities (57 villages) residing along the pipeline will experience increased
income by supplying goods to the manpower of camps and CSs. Businesses in the
surroundings communities are also expected to benefit from providing raw material input
required for many aspects of the construction phase. There will be also some indirect
benefits to the local communities that will provide goods and services in support of direct
project construction activities. Besides, influx of camp workers will generate opportunities
for locals to supply food and other goods and services, thereby enhancing income-
earning opportunities.
The operational period of the pipeline will support a limited amount of longer-term
employment and income opportunities for communities near the CSs, BV stations and
pigging stations. It has been recommended that Company will try to hire some locals for
operation and maintenance purposes and this will be an upfront income generating
opportunity. In addition, infrastructure required by the project, such as water supply,
roads etc. may provide added benefits to the locals.
Jobs and Income-Construction Phase
Most of the locals will have a chance of getting benefits during the construction activities
such as site preparation, construction of CSs, BV stations and pigging stations and
laying of pipeline (780 km) as a result of local procurement of goods and services.
However, level of procurement depends upon availability of unskilled and skilled labour.
Approximately 4,000 to 5,000 workers will start work on the project and it is expected
that maximum possible unskilled labour will be hired from local community. And the total
construction time is approximately 465 days.
Plans have shown that material such as concrete, cement, aggregate, reinforcement and
any other available materials will be locally procured. It is expected that certain other
activities such as clearing of bushes and vegetations to be sub-contracted to members of
local communities as far as possible.
It is estimated that approximately 1,800 to 2,100 worker will be required for construction
of three CSs (CS1, CS2 and CS3) over a period of 435 days. Majority of the unskilled
labour will be hired from local population. In addition, it is estimated that around
50,000m
3
concrete will be required to construct the three CS and material to be hired
from the local market, thereby generating additional income benefits.
Around 13 construction camps (major and mini) will be developed all along the pipeline
route with the capacity to accommodate approximately 2,000 to 3,050 persons. Number
of jobs in support of the camps may be available to the local population, which would
finally increase household income. Purchase of goods and services for these camps will
be a great opportunity for the local people to enhance their monthly income even further.
Jobs and Income-Operation Phase
As said before, this phase will generate a limited amount of direct employment and
income opportunities for the locals and businesses near the pipeline facility, CSs, BV
stations and pigging stations. Company will require operational staff for above facilities
and expectedly some staff may be hired from locals (unskilled) and that would be a
permanent source of income for some households. This phase will also provide
permanent benefits directly or indirectly due to upgraded infrastructure for the project to
the locals such as water supply, road improvements, etc.
During this phase, if Company wishes, the locally hired people for operation and
maintenance of pipeline and other allied facilities will be trained and their working skills
would get improved. It is expected that for mowing and maintaining the ROW (34m)
wide, unskilled local labour will be hired.
The on-going repairs and facilities could also benefit the locals such as waste handling,
disposal, off-site material handling. There could also be some benefits (induced impacts)
that result from the additional spending of wages earned in jobs directly and indirectly
created by the project.
The operation and maintenance activities for three CSs will generate income sources for
the local people. These people may be hired for ground maintenance such as watering
of plantation (refer EMMP), cleaning of compressor compound area, maintenance of
plantation etc. If possible, company may hire locals for some low level skilled
assignments for this may be the hired workers will be benefited with trainings at the
Companys cost and by this they can enhance their skills.
Gas Connections
The project has the provision to provide connections in the pipeline for supply of gas to
the local towns and villages. Availability of gas to the villagers and tribes will be a great
benefit and this will generate a sense of ownership among the locals for the sustainability
and security of the pipeline. This is an indirect benefit to the Company for operations of
the pipeline. The following Gas off-take points are forseen:
Sr.
No.
Gas off-
take Point
Frozen
Chainage
(km)
Actual
Chainage
(km)
Location Tehsil Delivery Point
1 GS01 32.0 32.1 BVS01 Gwadar Jiwani
2 GS02 64.0 64.2 BVS03 Gwadar Gwadar
3 GS03 177.3 175.7 PS02 Pasni Pasni
4 GS04 311.3 309.1 BVS12 Ormara Ormara
5 GS05 552.5 549.8 PS03 Uthal Uthal
6 GS06 601.0 599.6 BVS20 Khuzdar
Shah Noorani
Darbar
7 GS07 4.6* 632.2 BVS21 Dureji Dureji
8 GS08 732.2 738.8 BVS25 Daur
Sarkari Kho &
Ghanwar Parhyar
* Base on the local chainage of kirthar national park bypass
Table 5.4: List of proposed Gas off-take
Community Benefit Program
As a part of the project, a need assessment of the villages along the pipeline route has
been conducted to work out the real requirements of the villages in terms of
infrastructure (schools, dispensaries, etc.). The survey was conducted in 57 villages and
around 19 villages were identified for provision of community benefits program. Such
benefits will be provided to the community, which will directly or indirectly enhance their
income and will uplift the current livelihood standards of the people. The program
includes the following:
- Provisions of dispensaries;
- Medicines availability;
- Girls schools;
- Boys schools;
- Water filter plants;
- Hand pumps;
- Sewings machines; and
- Micro-finance schemes for women.
5.4 Design Phase
5.4.1 Impacts and Mitigation
The Impact evaluation of this stage has been based on an assumption that there are no
mitigation measures being taken so far. The Design phase involves proposals/
alternatives for optimizing the route and latest construction methodologies to be
employed to cross various sensitive water bodies, major road/railway crossings, National
Parks (areas of high conservation value), while avoiding Geo-hazards (Faults), other
factors included are logistics, land acquisition issues, rehabilitation, resettlement,
security issues, etc. with the aim to minimize the resulting Impacts as far as possible. It
also takes into account certain technical aspects to be adopted to minimize the noise
pollution and air pollution impacts, simultaneously.
5.4.1.1 Rivers and Stream Crossings
The pipeline transverses through different waterways and rivers along the pipeline route
corridor. The specific design method to cross such waterways along the pipeline route
depends on the extent and location of the waterway and final approval of EPC
Contractor. However, preferred method should incorporate the most appropriate state of
the art techniques reducing the roam for project delays/accidents/ increased costs. Along
the pipeline route despite many small streams, the pipeline will cross major rivers
including Dasht (RDs 12-13), Hingol (3 crossings at RDs 423, 426, 428), Basol (RD 304),
Hub (3 crossings at RDs 621, 625, 630) and the Mighty Indus (RD 723).
Various methods are available for crossing the pipeline through rivers and streams i.e.
HDD and Open Cut. HDD method requires extensive technology, scour calculations, and
a substantial budget. It is basically a trenchless excavation process, utilized in
constructing river and stream crossings for high pressure gas pipelines. Installation of a
pipeline by HDD involves drilling a small diameter pilot hole along a designated
directional path and then enlarging this pilot hole to a diameter which can accommodate
the pipeline; the pipeline is then pulled back into the enlarged hole to cross the waterway
Open cut method is a technique used in pipeline construction over a river crossing by
cutting a trench into the river bed; although cheaper, it can result in severe impacts as
this method may damage the river water quality. Use of water will need to be arranged,
primarily as make-up water for cooling the dewatering machinery on site. The process
can take up to 15 days for completion raising security concerns while construction stage
progress. The depth of water courses crossings, will take into account the stability of the
streams and rivers bed and banks. In any event, the minimum depth of cover will be
depending upon the scour on the specific stream or river e.g. RVX 5 (Small Nullah
creeks of width <1m) will be 2 meters, while RVX4 (Medium Nullah of width >10m and
<100m) will be 2.5 meters below the anticipated riverbed level, excluding allowance for
scour. Due to the large depth of cover required by scouring phenomenon HDD might be
selected for the major river crossings (except Indus River). However, HDD method has a
significant advantage compared to the open cut crossing; as the installation of the
pipeline takes place without an impact on the river itself, making HDD a less hazardous,
safer technique.Nevertheless, the EPC contractor will make the final decision on which
method to be adopted. Besides, the consequence of Open Cut is high (severe) and
likelihood most probably would be likely. The overall impact severity has been worked
out to be high.
Cost, Security and Water usages issues if Open Cut method in place

INTENSITY OF IMPACT (Consequence)
low moderate High very high
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HDD method seems to be the less hazardous, more feasible option for river and
stream crossings in terms of cost, technology and minimal impacts to the water
quality of the water way being crossed;
In case of Indus river, pipeline to be crossed on pillars by making river training banks;
and
After applying the appropriate mitigation measure, the severity of the impact will
become moderate.
5.4.1.2 Major Road/Railway Crossings
The major highways that pipeline will cross are MCH (10 crossings), Jinnah Avenue (1
crossing), Ratodero Gwadar Highway (1 crossing), RCD Highway (1 crossing),
Khurkhera Kanraj Road (1 crossing), Indus Highway (1 crossing) and National Highway
(1 crossing and Mehran Highway (1 crossing).
There are many methods available for pipeline construction over road and railway
crossings. These methods may be required to be re-evaluated and analyzed for the
purpose of security concerns, affects on local water resources and more importantly
cost. However, the EPC Contractor will take the final decision on which method to be
adopted for these crossings. The major road and railway crossings should be performed
by auger boring method as the consequence of utilizing this impact will be low and
likelihood most probably would be likely. The overall impact severity has been worked
out to be low.
Cost, Security and Water usages issues if Auger Boring method in place (road and
railway crossings)

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Road crossings of RDX 1 (highways-refer baseline chapter) are proposed to be
trenchless method (Auger boring);
Other road crossings are proposed to be open cut (crossing can very often be
installed in one working day and the road or ditch temporary reinstated sufficiently to
fulfill the function for which it is required prior to the crew-leaving site for the day)
depending on the requirements of the road authorities;
There are three single trail railway tracks to be crossed by the pipeline at RD 722,
RD 739 and RD 765 (Sindh Province). These railway tracks are proposed to be
crossed by employing Thrust Boring or Open-cut method.
The crossing design optimizes the depth of the pipeline at such crossings in order to
maintain the integrity of the Railway crossing safety; and
become further low.
5.4.1.3 Compressor Stations-Noise and Air Emissions
Three CSs have been proposed along the pipeline route i.e. CS1 (RD 8), CS2 (RD 343)
and CS3 (RD 780). The locations were selected during the route optimization report by
considering various environmental parameters. The relevant sources of air and noise
pollution within the CSs are listed below:
Air
Exhaust stack of the Turbo Compressor (TUCO) units;
Power generation units; and
Vents stack emergency or maintenance venting.
Noise
TUCO;
Control Valves;
Anti-Surge Valves;
Gas Coolers;
Natural gas process piping;
Waste heat recovery unit;
Instrument air compressors; and
Power generation.
NEQS (refer baseline chapter and relevant Annex) defines the limits for industrial
gaseous emissions for Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur Oxides as well
as noise emissions. If above identified sources emit the emissions not meeting the
NEQS, it would generate an adverse impact on human (residents of stations), health,
and wildlife and nearby villages especially the CS3, therefore, the impact consequence is
very high and likelihood most probably would be likely. The overall impact severity has
been worked out to be high.

Change in ambient noise and air levels
(Operation of CSs)

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Natural gas to be utilized as fuel gas for the TUCO units;
Gas turbine models from various vendors to be obtained for meeting or to fulfill the
NEQS requirements;
Power generation units emission to be guaranteed by the supplier to be within the
NEQS limits;
Normal operation does not release any natural gas;
Best way to minimize the noise reduction is directly at the source, therefore, vendor
should apply the equipment considering the NEQS limits- noise enclosures of
compressors are installed;
Consider the possibility of installation of an additional attenuation device to reduce
the noise level;
Reduction in noise levels can be achieved by installing noise barriers as a wall or
earth wall against the sensitive areas; and
After applying the appropriate mitigation measures, the severity of the impact will be
brought down to moderate.
5.4.1.4 Ground and Surface Water Availability
Establishment of CSs, major/minor construction camps and lying of pipeline require
extensive quantity of water for various purposes. Many sources of water exist, mostly
surface, in the form of channels, streams, nullahs, rivers and groundwater resources in
the shape of springs, wells etc. (refer baseline chapter). Utilization of these sources may
heavily burden them and water quantity as well as quality may deteriorate. Operational
quantity for meeting the three CSs water demand has been worked out to be 155000
gpd. To meet this demand, sustainable sources need to be explored otherwise extraction
of water through unreliable sources will put a huge burdon on locals and there could be a
trend of water deficiency over a period of a few years. Similary is the case during
construction period. For CS1 extraction water from Dasht river and groundwater will have
a significant negative impact on these natural water resources. For CS2 groundwater
extraction will too generate a highly negative impact and considering the water
availability of CS3 supply of water directly from Nusrat Canal will put a huge burdon on it
and this may ultimately face a water deficit for other existing usages such as agriculture.
Therefore, the impact consequence is very high and likelihood most probably would be
likely. The overall impact severity has been worked out to be high.

Groundwater depletion and Surface Water Depletion

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A feasibility of water sources (surface and ground) has been conducted and based
on results the water resources for CSs have been proposed and the proposals
given in the investigated results (given below) should be further reviewed and
decesions to be taken based on the results;
For CS1, it is recommended that concerned authority of Akra Kaur water scheme
may be asked to arrange the required water demand of 37000 gpd at Pirhin village.
From Pirhain village water may be pumped to the project site by laying out properly
designed new pipeline;
For CS2, water has to be shared with one of the existing water supply scheme at
zero points of Ormara. Weekly public water supply is also available through pipe
line in a village 8 km short of Ormara town along the coastal high way and 17km
from the project site;
For CS3, it is recommended that two shallow tubewells of 30m depth and capacity
25m
3
each may be installed. Since, the regional groundwater flow in the project
area is in southwest direction; therefore tubewells should be installed along the
right bank instead of left bank; and
After considering the above proposals, the severity of the impact will become
moderate.
5.4.1.5 Logistics
Accessibility and transportation of material (pipes, concrete, filling material, excavated
material, spoil, camp establishment, CS construction, etc.) through heavy trucks and
other machinery may impose serious threats and adverse impact on existing roads,
existing traffic, ecological setup of COI and hindrance in local population movement. This
may further be aggravated by construction of excessive temporary road networks
especially in the sensitive and critical habitat areas such as Dureji Game Reserve (RD
616-649), HNP (380-468), Buzi Makola Wildlife Sanctuary (RD 217-267), flood plain area
of River Indus (RD 730-739,) and agricultural area (Sindh province-RD 739-780) and
rocky and hilly areas (RDs 560 to 722). The construction of temporary roads will require
clearing of existing vegetation, cutting of trees, damage to rocky area (habitats),
disturbance in undisturbed area, dust and air pollution, increase in accidental risks to
wildlife such as Ibex, Chinkara and Urial. The assessment reveals that likelihood of this
impact is tagged as possible, the consequence of this impact is moderate, adding to the
congestion on existing roads for the project activities, therefore the overall impact is
assessed to be of moderate severity.

Issues-development of excessive number of temporary tracks

Low moderate high very high
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Maximum utilization of existing road networks such as RCD Highway, Winder Road
(single lane, partly under construction), Dureji-Hub Road Link (single lane, partly
under construction), Dureji Road (single lane, partly under construction), KNP Road
(single lane, partly under construction), Bhit Airport Road (single lane, partly
damaged), Indus Highway and other existing roads;
A logistic study as a part of design has been prepared and its recommendations
including the accessibility plans should be adopted; and
After applying the appropriate mitigation measure, the severity of this impact will
become low.
5.4.1.6 Faults
The east-west oriented, 780km long pipeline route runs through a highly diverse terrain
in terms of geologic, geomorphologic and seismic consideration. There are seventeen
fault zones which either cross the pipeline route or in close vicinity of the pipeline route.
These faults include both thrust and wrench faults having orientations ranging from EW
to NE-SW which are congenial to the variations in the regional organic framework. In
some stretches (RDs 30-45, 410-600, 600-705) of the route, pipeline may be layed
parallel or within the COI of existing faults. These faults have the history of generating
hazardous earthquakes and would is a serious threat to the pipeline. Among them, the
most seismic tectonic scars are Hab fault zone, Pab fault zone, Surgon fault zone and
Kirthar fault zone.
The assessment reveals that likelihood of this impact is tagged as likely, the
consequence of this impact would be high, and therefore the overall impact is assessed
to be of high severity.

Issues-related with working in the fault zones

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Wherever possible fault zones shall be avoided by routing away, but since the faults
generally have a considerable aerial extent, optimized effort has been made in the
route design to limit the number of fault crossings and suitable location for
unavoidable crossings shall be investigated where other earthquake induced hazards
are not envisaged;
Where fault zones are to be crossed, to ensure sufficient strength and ductility, the
pipe trench as well as the backfill / reinstatement will receive a special design, to
withstand dynamic loading;
Likelihood is less in this impact as it will be properly designed; and
change to moderate.
5.4.1.7 Pipeline Security
Pipeline security is a serious threat and is an important upfront issue of this project.
Security study has assessed this issue and identified various sources which could be
dangerous to the pipeline sustainability. Balochistan is a vulnerable and a high risk area,
various significant incidents (terrorists attack) occurred in this province. Apart from
pipeline, security of CSs, BVSs and pigging stations is also question mark. The details
are provided in the security study (Document No.B711-ILF-GEN-HS-REP-0007).
The assessment reveals that likelihood of this impact is tagged as possible, the
consequence of this impact would be very high, and therefore the overall impact is
assessed to be of moderate severity.

Security threats

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A security concept has been elaborated for operation protecting the most critical and
vulnerable facilities. Security measures should be installed both during construction
and operation;
To ensure security of the pipeline, CSs, BVSs and pigging stations it is strongly
recommended that ISGS (owner) shall allocate some annual funds to be disbursed to
the community residing along the route (around 57 villages). These funds would be
utilized for operation and maintenance of community benefit program (refer social
design impacts) as well as enhance the programs such as extension in micro finance
schemes, up-gradation of primary schools to middle schools, availability of more
medicines in the basic health units along with provision of minor injuries operation
theatres;
ISGS must plan provision of gas connections to the towns (selected towns are shown
in 5.3.1) located along the route, once the supply is available to the towns this would
ensure two aspects: pipeline security and real ownership of IP-project among the
locals;
To maintain a stock of pipe and spare parts to cover any damage generated by a
sabotage in a short time (quick response);
SCADA monitoring system will isolate any pipeline section or facility which could be
affected by a sabotage event;
Where there is an increased risk of damage or interference from third parties
(security breach/terrorist activity), additional protective measures will be adopted.
Protection measures which will be considered are as following:
- Additional depth of cover;
- Pipeline marker tape;
- Above ground Sign posts exhibiting pipeline depth;
- Protective concrete coated slabs;
- Increased pipe wall thickness;
- Video Surveillance;
- Security Patrols;
- Emergency Response Teams; and
- Fire Brigade and Ambulance Unit.
All the technical as wells institutional security measures (for construction and
operation phases) given in the detailed Security Study for CSs, BVSs, pigging
stations, pipeline, construction camps etc. should be part of design.; and
After applying the appropriate mitigation measures, the severity of the impact will
become low.
5.4.1.8 Erosion and Landscape
The route corridor of the Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline is passing through a flat area
(approx. 80%) and undulating, hilly and mountainous terrains (approx. 20%). Except
HNP the area from RD 0 to 570 is generally flat and having number of north south
flowing non perennial streams which might cause significant erosion having low to
moderate impact of the pipeline construction, hence protection measures will be required
at every such crossing. From RD 360 to 480 pipeline route passes through HNP, which
comprises of alternate beds of predominantly Siltstone/Mudstone with subordinating
Sandstones, in general having very poor rock mass strength, as a result the rocks have
become prone to erosion. Moreover, Kirthar Range is a hilly terrain comprising of
medium to hard rocks, having six (06) main mountain chains from which pipeline route
will pass, they extend N-S with a maximum elevation about ca. 1200m. These ridges are
separated by wide N-S striking clay having a number of high gradient nullahs which
might cause considerable erosion producing a moderate to high impact on the pipeline.
Furthermore, (Geohazard Zoning Map having doc no. B711-NES-ROU-PL-MAP-0500 to
B711-NES-ROU-PL-MAP-0710) should be consulted for more details.
consequence of this impact would be very high, and therefore the overall impact is
assessed to be of high severity.

Erosion and Landscape

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Avoid steep slopes in the route design of the pipeline (Buzi Pass, HNP and several
difficult ridges in Kirthar Ranges);
Provide protection against hilly slopes/steep gradients in the design;
Protection measures such as Rip Rap, Gabions, Rock berms and Stone walls to be
built; and
By applying appropriate mitigations the severity of this impact will become moderate.
5.4.1.9 Wastewater disposal for Camps and CSs and Safety of CSs
There are three CSs (RD 08, RD 343 and RD 780) to be constructed along the IP gas
pipeline route and around 13 camps including both main and mini to be developed.
Approximately 2,000-3,050 workers will be stationed in these camps including various
other facilities such as vehicles; equipment etc. similarly is the case with CSs (total
human resource 1,800-2,100). The station will have generators, residential areas, roads,
vehicles, vents, repair workshops etc. all such facilities directly or indirectly will generate
effluent that if directly disposed in rivers, streams such as Dasht River, Shadi kaur, Indus
River, Basol River, Hub River etc, will have a negative impact on the water quality and
aquatic life. The quantified data for effluent is given in impact assessment section of
construction and operation phases.
consequence of this impact would be high, and therefore the overall impact is assessed
to be of high severity.

Problems in Wastewater Disposal for camps and CS

Low moderate High very high
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All the CSs, pigging systems will be designed, constructed and tested in line with
American Society of Mechanical Engineer (ASME) and OGRAs Natural Gas
Transmission Technical Standards Regulations (2004).
All the waste discharge streams/raw water system treatment shall be in accordance
with WHO and NEQS guidelines;
For camps design should include provision of septic tanks and soak pits for effluent
treatment;
For CSs containirized sewage treatment plants are foreseen; and
After applying the appropriate mitigation measures, the severity of the impact will
decrease significantly to low or moderate.
5.4.1.10 Route along Kirthar National Park and Dureji ildlife Area
Initially when route was optimized, pipeline was planned to pass through KNP (3087
sq.km) from RD 655 to RD 660 and through core/wilderness wildlife zones of Dureji
Game Reserve (178, 259 hectares) from RD 633 to RD 655. Both KNP and Dureji Game
Reserve provide an important habitat for a variety of mammals, birds and reptiles
including Sindh Ibex, Chinkara and Afghan Urial. The other valuable details of these
areas are given in Baseline Chapter. Environmental field survey assessment and
according to National Laws (Balochistan and Sindh provinces), Kirthar is a national park
and declared as a protected area, similar is the case with Dureji however; controlled
hunting is allowed in this reserve area. Various oil and gas companies made extensive
investment especially in KNP for oil and gas exploration but protest from the local and
international NGOs including the reservations made by the SWD, the activities finally
stopped and companies decided to cancel all the investments. Therefore, if pipeline
route remains within this park limits, the likelihood of this impact is tagged as certain, the
consequence of this impact would be high, and the overall impact severity will be
catastrophic.
Changes in the habitat of wildlife in Kirthar National Park

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It is decided to reroute the pipeline during the current design stage of the project from
RD 633 to RD 660 and follow the route along the Dureji road towards Diwana and
make a loop of east-south direction away from the northern limits of KNP; and
By applying the appropriate mitigation measures (re-routing), the severity of the
impact will come down to low.
Route through HNP
The IP gas pipeline enters the park at ca. RD 375 and exits at ca. RD 475. The HNP is
the largest National Park of Pakistan with a wide range of diverse wildlife habitats and
unique ecological system. Various route optimizations were carried out to minimize the
impact on this sensitive Park. Eventually, given the constraints of security, feasibility and
exponential cost differences, it was decided to change the route through the National
Park, also by avoiding multiple crossings on Hingol River. Furthermore, the previous
route through HNP included areas which were highly prone to land erosion and land
sliding. Hence, given the circumstances a best possible immediate solution to reduce the
likelihood of any severe impacts on the indigenous flora and fauna of HNP was
inevitable. This will also help in acquiring the mandatory NOCs from Balochistan Wildlife
Department and relevant Forest authorities. Therefore, the likelihood of the impact would
be certain but its intensity will be high. The overall risk severity has been evaluated to be
catastrophic in this national park.
Impact on HNP, floral and faunal features

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The route has been planned through southern area of HNP which consists of
comparatively lower density of flora and fauna resources than that found in northern
portion;
Pass the pipeline along the already disturbed area of MCH to minimize any adverse
impacts on the HNP;
Strict compliance of NEQS and relevant laws to limit the negative impacts; and
By applying the appropriate mitigation measures, the severity of this impact will be
reduced to a low value.
5.4.1.11 Community Benefits and Compensation
The project alignment passes through 2 provinces of Pakistan (i.e. Balochistan and
Sindh), which include 3 Districts, 11 Tehsils and 34 villages of Balochistan and 2 Districts
and 7 Tehsils (Talukas) and 27 villages of Sindh province. This indicates that proposed
gas pipeline passes mostly through rural areas (villages), however, in terms of
percentage more than 90% population located along the project alignment belongs to the
rural areas, while remaining 10% belongs to the urban/ and or small towns.
Around 38 major caste groups/ tribes are settled down along the project corridor from
Seroki - Kirthar Range (Balochistan) to Shaheed Benazirabad (Sindh). Some of the
caste groups and tribes include: Kalmati, Baloch, Rekhani, Zainozai, Darzad, Shakwani,
Sanghor, Bizenjo, Rekani, Sajidi, Digarzai, Laghari and other. These tribes are important
as they have a key role in decision making regarding the resolution of social issues/
family matters, while in Sindh, landlord (locally named as Wadaira) and Shah as well as
the head/ or elder of the respective tribe generally make decisions relating to most of the
social issues. The communities are very conservative and have high influence on
development projects in their areas. Considering above and sustainability of the
proposed project, if affected community is not provided with any benefit and
compensation paid at non-market rates, the likelihood of impact would be likely and
consequence will be very high. The overall severity of impact then would be high.
Community negative influence

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Mitigation
It is highly recommended to include in the EMMP following benefits to the
communities:
- Dispensaries;
- Hand pumps;
- Water filter plants; and
- Micro financing schemes for women.
Also it is strongly recommended to pay compensation to the AP at the market rates.
There must be a proper procedure to be developed and adopted for compensation,
valuation of structures and land, monitoring and evaluation and grievenes
mechanism. In this regard, as a part of design a RPF has been developed that
provides all above information in detail; and
reduced to a moderate value.
5.5 Construction, Operation and Maintenance Stage
The Impacts evaluation of these stage has been based on an assumption that there are
no mitigation measures being taken so far.
5.5.1 Construction-Segment 0-180 km
5.5.1.1 Physical Environment
Land use Impact
The first proposed CS1 (Area = 82 Hectares) (Includes the CS and the residential area)
is located at RD 8 along with a Contractors camp within this segment. There is also one
more Contractor camp to be developed in this segment at RD 72 besides two Dump
sites at RD 14 and RD 72. However, most of the land in this segment along the pipeline
is barren and waste area. There are some isolated patches of agricultural fields and
scattered vegetation with small settlements located within the COI (+/-200m).
Furthermore, within the ROW, some boundary walls and rooms are present, which will
be removed and some land clearance for access road may also alter the land use but
not significantly. The affect of clearance of pipeline route 5km on a stretch in the flatter
areas, north of Gwadar City, may be of moderate intensity. Interestingly, clearance of
ROW will not adversely affect the present land use. There exists a risk of contamination
of land due to inadequate disposal of liquid waste or accidental spill of chemical or oil
especially in the vicinity of proposed construction camps at (RDs 8 main and 72 main)
(Camp Area = 4 Hectares, Main Camp Area= 8.9 Hectares), Dump sites situated at (RD
14 and RD 72) and the CS1 at (RD 8) location. The likelihood of preparation of ROW is
certain and the consequence is low in this segment. Therefore overall severity of the
impact is low
Land Impact due to Preparation of ROW/CS

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Mitigation
Barren and waste land should be preferred for establishing contractors facilities;
The temporary corridor of works will be fenced to prevent people and animals gaining
access to the ROW, CS1, contractors camp sites;
During Trenching the top soil will be kept on site and reinstated back at the
completion of project activities;
Maintain good housekeeping to avoid any accidental spills;
Where necessary, and in consultation with the landowners/user, access points will be
provided to allow safe passage across the COI especially the stretch of pipeline
when passing through north of Gwadar city;
No agricultural land should be acquired for borrow area and for establishment of
EPC contractors facilities;
During trenching the top soil will be kept on site and reinstated back at the
completion of the project activities;
The proposed location of CS1 selected during the preliminary environmental
assessment should not be changed;
Excess spoil to be disposed off at designated places only; and
reduced to a very low value.
Soil Erosion Impact
Soil erosion can be an issue in areas of highly erosive soils and in areas without
vegetation cover (Flat terrain, badlands). Construction activities could lead to an increase
in erosion and sedimentation, including soil loss from exposed surfaces, compacted
soils, soil stockpiles (stripped only in agricultural land) and backfilled areas. The route
sections i.e. RDs from (15 to 18), from (24 to 30), from (65 to 68), from (85 to 111), from
(146 to 149) are highly prone to erosion. This potential erosion of soil could be caused by
the intensive excavation works for 3 CSs (122,000m
3
of Soil to be excavated
approximately for CS1), for 26 BVS (21,500m
3
), for 6 Pigging Stations (280m
3
), for
pipeline trenching, levelling of the pipeline corridor surface to eliminate stones, tree
stumps etc. (performed typically through heavy construction machinery) and movement
of other vehicles near the ROW. Before the subsequent backfilling and reinstatement
starts, implications could persist as use of land for rehabilitation becomes difficult if
nutrients are lost in the top-soil due to soil erosion and hinders re-vegetation Therefore
adverse accelerated impacts on the soil quality, increased risk of land slippage and
physical scarring of landscape, within the ROW in this segment might be observed
during the construction phase. The possibility of Soil erosion in this segment can be
aggravated; as there are two Contractors camps and two Dump sites (as mentioned
earlier) to be developed here as well. The likelihood of this impact is possible and the
consequence is of a moderate value as the area is mostly flat and barren therefore the
overall severity of this impact has been calculated as moderate.

Soil Erosion (Excavation, Levelling, Trenching, Backfilling)

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To minimize damaging exposure of the excavated soils while they are in storage, the
trench will be back-filled as quickly as possible after each pipeline section is installed;
The excavated soil/borrow material will be disposed, off site to avoid disturbance to
natural drainage;
Adequate drainage system will be provided especially at streams/river crossings to
ensure the surface water flow is not interrupted or diverted due to the project
activities and constituting contractors facilities to avert soil erosion in plain areas;
Proper protection against erosion by precipitations should be taken as temporary
during construction and permanent for the final facilities. Effective protective
measures (refer B 7 1 1 - I L F - P L G - P L - S P C - 0 0 0 9 ) to be undertaken
along the banks of Dasht River to avoid rain water and surface run-off causing soil
erosion; and
Soil Degradation Impact
During the construction phase, adverse impact to soils could occur from a spill or
leakage of the supply tanks during transport, transfer or storage of the fuel/chemicals in
this flat and barren area. If fuel comes in contact with the soil from a spill or leak the
duration of contamination would depend on the specifications of the fuel and the quantity
spilled. A second tier tank can contain the spill from the main tank hence the duration of
impacts to soil could be limited under normal circumstances. But such spills could
potentially raise the pH levels in the soil degrading the quality and may mobilize into the
surrounding water bodies with surface water flow or infiltration to the groundwater
causing severe deterioration.
Because of the frequent movements of oil tankers plus materials storage containers
along the construction site access roads, CS1 (RD 8) running of heavy machinery near
Dump sites (RD 14 and RD 72) and Contractors camps (RD 8 and RD 72), the likelihood
of a leakage or accidental spill of oil or chemicals is possible, the consequence of this
activity moderate. Therefore the overall severity of the impact on the soil from fuel
contamination is moderate.
Soil Degradation (Transport, Transfer and Storage of fuels/goods)

Low Moderate High very high
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Loading & unloading of fuel and various materials should be controlled by a
competent person;
Maintain good housekeeping to avoid any accidental spill;
Applying speed limits and other measures through sign boards and incurring
penalties, if required;
Bulk storage of lubricants and fuels will be permitted only within the designated
places;
Fuel tanks must be properly marked by content and chemicals;
Drip trays will be required to contain any leaks under stationary vehicles, items of
plant and large vehicles carrying such fuels;
Inspection for any leaks should be carried out on a daily basis;
Provide spill kit near oil storage area i.e. sand bags, absorbing pad, shovels etc.;
Any soil contaminated at the site will be removed and disposed of at the landfill,
waste pit or burn pit, as appropriate; and
Strains on Transport Infrastructure
The pipeline mainly traverses along the MCH with various crossings at (RDs- 31, 69,
100, 176) and Others Such as Jinnah Avenue (RD 72) leading to Gwadar City,
Ratodero-Gwadar Highway at (RD 111) and MCH again at (RD 176) in this segment.
These existing roads infrastructure could come under stress due to the heavy traffic
frequency (30 to 100 trucks transporting equipment from Gwadar Port to storage sites
and contractors camps) of the project motor vehicles transporting equipment/raw
materials and heavy machinery (bulldozers, cranes, compactor rollers, excavators and
dumpers etc.) especially during the construction phase of the pipeline, Dump sites (RD
14 and RD 72) Contractor camps (RD 8 main and RD 72 main) and the CS1 (RD 8).
National Highway Authority (NHA) has directed the client not to transport more than the
maximum allowable limit of 50 tonnes of weight on the highway as it risks fracturing
under the extra burden. This damage to roads can directly impact on the local population
and businesses, therefore due to the direct potential impacts on means of livelihood and
surrounding physical environment, a probability of increased accidents, associated with
the construction traffic, the likelihood of this impact is tagged as possible, the
consequence of this impact is moderate, adding to the congestion on existing roads for
the project activities, therefore the overall impact is assessed to be of moderate severity.
Strains on transport infrastructure (services, existing roads)

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Traffic Management Plan to be prepared by EPC as part of the EMMP, to have the
proper review of bridges, reinforce where necessary; define the minimum
requirements of vehicles to be followed for the transportation of pipes;
NHA to accord approval for movement of heavy machinery and check the weights of
the trucks;
Load restrictions will be displayed on sign posts along the national highway and
warning posts will be erected along the road clearly identifying temporary crossings
points;
Vehicles have to use the regulatory pressure on the roads, so vehicles must have the
proper quantity and distribution of tires to handle the loads not exceeding the
maximum pressure acceptable in the road with the acceptable tires pressure to
ensure safe driving; and
All current accesses will be maintained and if this is not possible then alternative
routes will be created to ensure other relevant parties have access to the whole area
during construction stage; and
The impact will be low after mitigations are applied to reduce the intensity or
consequences.
Groundwater Impact
Although ground water availability is a question mark in the area, however, if EPC
contractor identifies any water source through field investigations (drilling),
unquestionably these sources will be exploited for meeting the water demands for
construction activities. Meanwhile, EPC Contractor should undertake ground
investigation works by the excavation of trial pits to determine actual ground sub-strata,
trench stability, ground water levels and signs of seepage. These investigations,
however, can only take place at this time on open areas where restrictions due to land
use (agricultural) and environment do not exist. Therefore, during the construction of
pipeline, CS1 (RD 8), contractors camps (RD 8 main and RD 72) and Dumping Sites
(RD 14 and RD 72), there might be a potential reduction in sub-surface groundwater
resources i.e. Supply of water to construction worker camps (Strength of workers 500-
600) or concrete batching facility (for CS construction, workers strength 166) (Concrete
required 17000m
3
). New tube wells and underground wells exploited to provide water to
construction sites and camps will carry the potential of reducing the ground water table
and affect their quality on a short term. The likelihood of this activity is flagged as likely
and the significance might cause severe impacts on the local water resources thus it
carries a moderate value, therefore the overall severity of this impact is assessed as
high.
Changes in ground water resources (contractor camps/compressors)

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Mitigation
This impact can be mitigated through proper management of water resources (refer
EMMP); An SOP to be prepared by EPC under its HSE policy to reduce such
impacts;
New water resources for drinking water should be developed by the EPC contractor
along the pipeline particularly at the proposed site of CS1;
Installation of tube wells at suitable locations for contractors camp to be developed
subject to detail investigations and availability of groundwater aquifer;
EPC Contractor should take approval for extracting groundwater (refer Authority
Permit Plan Document No.B711-ILF-GEN-AE-PLN-0001);
Local ground water wells will not be utilized for construction activities and contractors
work force e.g. domestic usages;
Meet the NEQS for monitoring and achieving compliance goals;
A preliminary level water availability study to be undertaken by the Consultants; and
By applying the appropriate mitigation measures, the likelihood and severity of this
impact will be reduced to a moderate level.
Surface Water Quality Impact
The IP pipeline passes through the sensitive Dasht River at (RD 12-13), surface water
bodies near (RDs 23, 24, 62, 63, 91, 103, 107, 112, 121, 157, 177 etc.) and a local
stream Akara Kaur (RD 65) and ponds. The highly important Dasht River flows down into
sea water near Jiwani coastal wetland which is a RAMSAR site, home to the indigenous
species of mangroves, a natural habitat of green turtles and marsh crocodiles. During the
construction activities any potential contamination of this natural river such as disposal of
sewage, sludge wastes generated from contractors camps (RD 8 main and RD 72
main), Dump sites (RD 14 and RD 72) and site offices may prove to be of highly
threatening circumstances for the biodiversity that thrives downstream and the local
population which inhibits the course of the riverside. BOD
5
, TDS, TSS, COD and
numerous nutrients are major pollutants of domestic wastewater and could adversely
impact the aquatic environment of the area. MSDS data, when available, will bind the
EPC Contractor to target the key chemicals and address their mitigation measures in
detail. This impact may be exaggerated if construction activities are carried out during
the wet season. The consequences of such direct discharge of sewage and disposal of
waste could be considerably high, the likelihood of which is very much likely. Thus this
impact has been flagged as a high severity.

Changes to water quality of surface water (ponds, rivers, streams)

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Mitigation
The Dasht River (RD 12) will be protected from any spills or contamination through
good housekeeping practices, special measures and effective monitoring by
Supervisory Consultant and HSE department of EPC contractor during construction
of CS1 and contractor camp to meet the NEQS inland water quality standards before
any discharge of wastewater into the river or a stream;
Adopt Waste Management Plan for solid/liquid wastes, prepared as part of the SEIA;
Removal of settleables from wastewater prior to discharge into the water bodies.
Construction materials will be stored away from the river/stream/nullahs bank on
bunded area with an impermeable base to be developed by EPC contractor;
An efficient communication system and a downstream warning system are absolutely
essential for saving the aquatic life of the estuary (RAMSAR site) in event of severe
accidental spills in the river;
Vehicle or contaminated tools will not be washed in or near the Dasht river and other
streams;
Camps should be provided with soakage pits along with septic tanks for final disposal
of effluents (refer EMMP);
EPC contractor should not utilize the local pond water for meeting the construction
as well as domestic usages water demands (cloth washing, kitchen washing);
All routine maintenance of construction machinery and vehicles will be carried out in
a designated workshop / maintenance area with concrete hard standing surface and
drainage to an oil interceptor;
Water depth levels should be monitored in the existing ponds to mitigate falling water
level;
Implementation of monitoring activities for water quality as given in the EMMP;
Construction activities to be minimized during rainy season; and
Noise and Air Impacts
The environment in the area is of an arid nature and dust pollution is likely to occur
during construction phase. The Construction activities at the work site may generate
noise nuisance as high as 85 decibels (A distance of 350m to 400m is needed to reach
the WB/NEQS daytime guideline level of 55dBA for residential receptors) while
movement of motor vehicles/large machinery for earth moving (open cut) activities
produces toxic dust emissions. Furthermore the project road traffic flows may cause dust
and gaseous emissions when moving on non-metalled road tracks directly affecting the
ambient air quality of residential villages (within +/-200m COI). Urban areas such as
Gwadar city and land included near the location of CS1 at (RD 08) may come under
direct air quality impacts of activities such as excavation of CS1 site (122,000m
3
of Soil to
be excavated approximately, associated Spoil stockpiles emissions), (Concrete required
for each CS is 17,000m
3
) development of concrete working platform (Dust emissions) by
heavy bulldozers; noise emissions from other on-site mechanical equipment (cutting,
drilling, vibrations etc.) and project traffic transporting raw materials along with man
power to CS construction site (600-700). The expected level of construction noise and
associated activity will cause a few impacts on the grazing and natural habitats of
mammals (sheep, goats, cows, camels), birds (ducks, pond herons, sea gulls), and
reptile (Marsh crocodile) species in the surrounding and downstream (Dasht River at RD
12) area to be temporarily (The impacts to biological resources are reversible once the
source of noise is removed) affected during the construction stage. The health of
workforce might also be adversely affected due to the noise nuisance and deteriorating
ambient air quality. The likelihood of this impact is likely while the consequence of this
impact may prove high. The overall risk severity is calculated to be high.

Noise and Air Impacts on the surrounding Environment and Biodiversity

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Mitigation
Movement of Machinery to CS site, pipeline ancillary facilities and along access
roads area to the pipeline should be kept to a minimum during work hours to avoid
impacts on residential and protected areas;
Plant and equipment will be maintained and tuned on regular basis to minimize noise
pollution;
Control of vehicular speed and strictly follow the specified speed limit;
Noise from heavy plant equipment may scare away the animals hence Noise mufflers
will be installed to reduce noise levels;
Compliance of vehicles with national air emissions standards (NEQS);
The noise levels should be monitored on regular basis and levels should be
maintained within the NEQS level i.e. 80 dB;
Regular spray of water (twice a day) will be carried out to minimize the dust pollution;
and
5.5.1.2 Ecological Environment
Wildlife Impact
Due to the barren nature of this segment, the fauna is very scarce within this segment
and no endangered or other sensitive mammals exist according to IUCN Red list.
However, the commonly found wildlife includes Fox, Jackal, Wild boar, Mongoose and
Indian hare. The construction activities may also damage the habitat of these mammals
on a temporary basis. Various reported birds such as Pigeon, House Sparrow, Mynah,
and Hoopoe are spotted near the ponds and the agricultural areas and may be affected
due to number of reasons such as hunting, poaching and killing of animals and birds by
the camp work force. The project area in this segment along the Jiwani Coastal Wetland
is the breeding ground of numerous Waders, Cheres and Cranes, migratory birds consist
of Black Necked Grebe, Wetern Reef Herons, Sparrow Hawk, Eurasian Oyster Catcher,
Stone Plover, Sooty Gull and Terns amongst Others. Meanwhile, the aquatic wildlife
(Green Turtles, Olive Ridley turtles, Fish and Mangroves) in the Jiwani coastal area
(downstream of Dasht River at RD 12) may be affected by the contamination of Dasht
River during construction stage of the pipeline. Moreover, construction activities for
crossing the pipeline underneath the Dasht River may trigger an alarming situation for
Marsh Crocodiles habitat up-stream of the River, till the completion of construction
phase.
The other negative impacts that may trigger due to movement of heavy machinery,
construction noises in CS1 area (RD 8), emissions from the transportation vehicles on
non- metalled tracks near the contractors camps (RD 8 main and RD 72 main) may all
contribute to scare away the wildlife. Also the construction workers may get involved in
Killing, Hunting, and Pouching of surrounding wildlife or collection of eggs (Marsh
Crocodiles, Turtles, and Birds). The relevance of these activities could be likely with high
resulting consequence. The overall significance of this impact has been assessed as
high severity.

Disturbance of surrounding wildlife

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Awareness programs about the continued survival and the importance of wildlife
(Grazing habits, grazing timings, breeding seasons other related information) should
be propagated to the public and project workers at the same time. These programs
should be co-ordinated through local NGOs, HSE department of EPC contractor and
Supervisory Consultants;
All the material transportation to CS1 site (RD 8), contractors camps (RD 8 and RD
72), pipelines and associated equipment to the ROW should be planned away from
Dasht River / Jiwani area;
Construction machinery will only move on the designated tracks, enforcement of 30
km/h speed limit to minimize potential accidents with the animals by the site vehicles;
Contractors facilities should not be located near the Dasht river and other streams
such as Sawar Kaur (RD 127), Paleri Kaur (RD 39) and a wetland (RD 103);
The camp workers should be liable to comply with no-go zones-to be designated by
EPC contractor and refrain from hunting or pouching of any wildlife;
Maintain good housekeeping, store materials away from the banks of Dasht River to
avoid risk of accidental spills or chemical leakage, prohibit disposal of construction,
chemical and sanitary wastes from camps into Dasht River to minimize impact on the
downstream aquatic life on fish, turtles and mangroves forest;
Plant and equipment should be maintained on regular basis to minimize noise and air
pollution;
EPC contractor should keep liaison with Gwadar and Jiwani IUCN and WWF offices;
Noise mufflers will be installed to reduce noise levels;
Compliance with the NEQS will be ensured in terms of noise, air & dust emissions
(refer EMMP);
Ecological monitoring to be strictly followed according to the specified Plan (refer
EMMP);
Regular spray of water will be carried out to control the dust pollution; and
impact will be reduced to a moderate value.
Impact on Vegetation
Tree cutting by the pipeline construction staff may not be a significant impact due to
presence of scattered trees and low density of vegetative area. Barely any vegetation
exists within this barren segment; however it is mostly localized near the water bodies
and moist places (Banks of Rivers, Streams). As it appears various types of trees, a
significant numbers of shrubs and bushes would need to be permanently removed for
preparation of ROW. Similarly complete vegetation clearance for the establishment of
CS1 at RD 8 (Area = 82 Hectares, Includes the CS and residential area), Contractors
Construction camps (RD 8 main and RD 72 main) (Mini Camp Area = 4 Hectares, Main
Camp Area= 8.9 Hectares) and Dump sites (RD 14 and RD 72) (6 Hectares) each will be
done. Because the type of vegetation present is not sensitive therefore the impact may
not be significant in nature. The likelihood of this impact is likely having a low
consequence. The overall significance of this impact is assigned as a low severity.

Vegetation clearance/ Tree cutting

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Mitigation
Cutting of trees to be done through manual process i.e. chain saw;
Trees must be numbered before cutting and data base to be developed and pass on
to the external monitors (EMMP);
Within ROW, no mitigation measure can be proposed as the impact is of a residual
nature. However, it must be recommended that for every tree cut on site for
developing ROW it should be compensated with minimum three new plantations;
consideration for the trees which are of not much age and girth, should be provided
transplantation on suitable locations;
During construction phase; no vegetation fire should be allowed by the workers
across the whole length of pipeline (as locals are very sensitive to this fire) for
cooking, heating or energy purpose to avoid chain rection (forest fire on bush fire);
this should be checked and monitored by EPC contractor;
EPC contractor to ensure that excluding ROW no other tree/vegetation is to be cut or
removed; however if unavoidable in case of making way for movement of machinery,
three trees will be planted for each species; and
reduced to a very low or significant value.
5.5.2 Operation-Segment 0-180 km
Impact on Soil
Soil contamination could be an issue during operation and maintenance period. The
main reasons for this potential soil degradation could be due to poor housekeeping and
non-compliance of HSE protocols by the operation staff. All such issues will be more
emerging within the CS1 area (RD 8) (Workers strength, 600-700) in the form of waste
water discharge and solid waste effluents (Proposed Wastewater Treatment Capacity of
CS, 45,000 Imperial Gallons per day). Besides this, along the pipeline route soil
degradation will not be a significant issue in this segment. The relevance of this activity is
rare but the consequence of this impact may be regarded as moderate. Therefore, the
overall risk severity for this impact is assigned a low value.

Soil degradation

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Mitigation
Instructions on MSDS sheets must be followed such as storage of oil, grease,
chemicals and other liquids;
Precautionary measures including shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials
should be kept available near the fuel and oil storage areas;
Inspection of leaks to be carried out on a daily basis and a leak/spill record will be
maintained for each vehicle, plant equipment or storage area;
HSE (Document No.B711-ILF-GEN-HS-PLN-0001) protocols for CS1 station to be
implemented;
Bulk storage of lubricants and fuels will be permitted only within the designated
areas; and
impact will be reduced to a very low value.
Impact due to Waste Generation
Clearing, gauging and hydrostatic testing (hydrostatic pressure 120Mpa) of pipeline
before operation stage will generate a significant quantity of contaminated waste water.
The waste (fluids, solids) resulting from CS1 operations (RD 8) and generation of pigging
waste through the pigging stations (RD 0, RD 7.5, RD 175) can deteriorate the soil
quality and River or streams water quality. CS1 is located about 3km from right bank of
Dasht River and if all the domestic liquid as well as solid waste and any other chemicals
are discharged into this River there will be a significant negative impact. Spills or
leakages of chemicals, liquids, hazardous materials could seep into the surrounding soil
and remain there for multiple years if not attended to. In most cases spills would occur
within the CS1 (Proposed Wastewater Treatment capacity 45000 imperial gallons per
day); in the event of solvents, oils, or grease contamination, the existing soil composition
would be greatly changed in the spill area. The consequence of such an impact would be
high and the likelihood of liquid disposal and spills is possible. Therefore, overall severity
of impact is moderate.

Generation of wastes (solid, liquid, pigging wastes)

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Mitigation
CS 1 is equipped with a containerised sewage treatment plant;
Sand bags, absorbing pads, shovels and drip trays will be provided to the oil storage
areas, stationary vehicles, items of plant and large vehicles carrying fuels;
All fuel tanks must be properly marked by content and quantity, MSDS should be
strictly followed;
Storm water drainage provisions within the CS1 station area;
Any soils which are contaminated will be immediately removed and disposed off at a
landfill, waste pit or burn pit, as appropriate;
Adherence to NEQS (EMMP);
Inspection of leaks on daily basis and adoption of monitoring protocols (EMMP);
Waste Management Plan should be strictly followed; and
Noise and Air Impact
During the course of operational period, specifically in the CS1 station vicinity (RD 8)
(Total Capacity 30MMSCMD), release of gases from CS stack (Height 20m) (sources of
emissions are exhaust stack of TUCO units, Power generation units and vent stack for
emergency venting), stationary machinery (generators), and exhausts of vehicles
airborne dust pollution and ambient noise (clatter, clanking and clamour from CS
operations) could be triggered. Under long-term exposures to these gases, particulate
matters (by inhalation) and increased noise levels, potential health hazards to on-site CS
workers (workers strength, 600-700), residents and the nearby surrounding forms of life
can occur. The consequence of such an activity if unchecked could be high. The
likelihood of this impact is categorized as likely given the intensive nature of CS
activities. Therefore the overall risk severity is high.

Changes in ambient noise and air quality (CS1)

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Mitigation
Regular spraying of water to be undertaken to minimize dust pollution within the CS1
station area;
Applying noise insulation layers outside CS area, placing noise barriers (concrete or
earth wall, minimum height 7.5m) between CS and the residential areas;
Switching off heavy machinery/vehicles while not in use;
Compulsion of wearing safety equipment for CS1 workers;
Provision of scrubbers, filter bags in the exhaust pipes of generators;
Wearing of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) by all workers;
Mufflers in the vehicles to be checked regularly;
Routine maintenance of the vehicles and generators;
EMMP monitoring protocols to be implemented; and
Impact due to Pipeline Blas and Fire in CS- Security
There will always be safety issues associated with operation of such large gas pipelines;
in this case Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline is no exception either. Although, all necessary
safety measures and emergency protocols will be strictly followed (the pipeline will be
buried underground) during operation; It will also be provided with protective coating,
bedding, padding and filling with geo-textile bags of sand to reduce the risk of any
damage in the event of an earthquake or criminal activity however the occurrence of any
slight negligence (human mistake) leading to an accident turning into a big disaster can
never be ruled out in case of such high scale gas transmission line operations.
Moreover, in the event of non-compliance with HSE protocols or accidents, huge fire can
erupt at the CS1, which can have grave consequences for the safety of personnel as
well as on site equipment. Therefore the likelihood of such an impact is somewhat
possible; the consequence of this impact is considerably very high as it can lead to
explosion, fire or a huge blast. Thus overall risk severity of this impact is assigned a
moderate tag.

Pipeline Blast, Explosion or Fire at CS

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Mitigation
Extensive security will be installed in the pipeline facilitiues (CSs) including patrolling
teams along the pipeline ROW;
An early detection mechanism (SCADA) will be in place to trace any unusual activity
(disparities in gas pressure and volume);
Emergency response teams will be properly trained and equipped with mobile
telephones, wireless phones and first aid kits before repair work;
Ambulances and Paramedic emergency staffs to be designated at each CS
(Regulated in HSE Manual for mandatory Compliance by SCs);
Locals will be trained for emergency situations through mock drills and gathering at
assembly or muster points (As per HSE Manual);
Gas leaks to be efficiently detected and controlled, at all turbo compressor units
(TUCOs) will be installed for permanent monitoring and alarm devices for gas
leakage as well as in other process areas;
Block Valves (26) will disconnect the damaged part of pipeline from the rest of the
pipeline instantly to avoid any potential disaster;
Fire extinguishing systems to be installed in offices, maintenance shops etc. Mobile
fire-fighting equipment to be distributed all along the facilities with prior training on
their use; and
Impact on Wildlife and Vegetation:
It is anticipated that operations of the laid (underground) pipeline will not generate any
significant negative impact on the wildlife and vegetation. However, operation and
maintenance staff residing in the CS1 (RD 8)(workers strength 600-700) may pose a
threat to the mammals and birds of the area especially the Marsh Crocodile of Dasht
River, fish and other aquatic life of non-perennial streams (Paleri Kaur, Akara Kaur).
Hunting, Killing and Poaching could become an attractive hobby of the staff, without any
strict penalties in place. Noise pollution arising from the clatter of power generators, gas
turbines, motor engines and movement of maintenance vehicles (CS1) could cause a
reasonable effect on the wildlife and force them away from their breeding and nesting
habitats. Other than this there will not be any adverse impacts for the biodiversity and
wildlife during the operational phase. The likelihood of this occurrence is possible given
the sheer size and scale of the machinery and equipment and consequence of this
impact is awarded a low value. Therefore the level of severity in this activity was
calculated to be low.
Disturbance to wildlife and damage to vegetation

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Mitigation
Hunting, and poaching of mammals and reptiles should be strictly banned
(monitoring as per EMMP);
Illumination should be kept to a minimum during the night hours;
The best way to reach a reduction in noise level is to minimize the emitted noise level
directly at the source. The noise levels should be monitored on regular basis and
efforts should be made to keep the maintained levels within the NEQS level (EMMP);
Installation of Noise barriers as a concrete wall or earth wall (recommended height
7.5m);
Implement Plantation Plan in CS1 working area as given in EMMP; and
lessened to a very low value.
Land Use
Same as Segment 1
Soil Erosion
The land in this segment is quite similar in nature to the previous segment; mostly flat
and barren. Construction activities for preparation of Pipeline ROW could lead to an
increase in erosion and sedimentation, including soil loss from exposed surfaces,
presence of compacted soils around the ROW, soil stockpiles (excavated material) and
backfilled areas. Meanwhile excavation and trenching in the hilly terrains of this segment
can also cause unwarranted damage to the vertical slopes/steep gradients in the area,
which risks excessive land sliding. During rainy season, these exposed soils become
even more susceptible to accelerated erosion and increased land slippage. There is also
a proposed construction camp (4 Hectares) and dump site at RD 186 (6 Hectares) to be
developed in this segment. In addition the heavy project traffic may cause disintegration
of soil surfaces along access roads, potentially triggering soil erosion in the area. The
consequence of this impact has been given a moderate value. The likelihood of this
impact carries a likely value. The overall risk significance of this impact has thus been
assigned a high severity value.

Erosion impact (construction of ROW)

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Mitigation
The mitigation measures for the impacts due to the soil erosion include restricting the
movement of construction traffic on access roads to prevent excessive disturbance to
soil;
Covering exposed surfaces on access roads along the pipeline with a compacted
trafficable base (e.g. road base) can also be employed to minimize any direct
damage to the native soils;
Protection of steep slopes should be stabilized by retaining walls, gabions, addition of
boulders at the toe-hill, rock berms and drainage sumps;
All earthworks for site preparation and levelling should be carried out during the dry
season of each construction phase. Road and site drainage systems will be in place
before the onset of the following rainy season;
Avoid blasting, however, if cannot avoid, must be controlled;
Avoid unnecessary vegetation clearance to prevent soil erosion;
All policy level mitigation measures from previous segment are also valid for this
segment; and
reduced to a moderate or low value.
Soil Degradation
Impacts and Mitigation are same as segment 1.
The pipeline mainly traverses along the MCH with various crossings at (RDs 187, 196,
216, 220 and 223). The coastal road could come under stress due to the heavy traffic
frequency (30 to 100 trucks to transport equipment from Gwadar Port to Construction
Camp and storage sites) of the project motor vehicles transporting equipment/raw
materials and heavy machinery (bulldozers, cranes, compactor rollers, excavators and
dumpers etc.) to the construction site. NHA has directed the client not to transport more
than the maximum allowable limit of 50 tonnes of weight on the highway as it risks
fracturing under the extra burden. This damage to roads can directly impact on the local
population and businesses, therefore due to the direct potential impacts on means of
livelihood and surrounding physical environment, a probability of increased accidents,
associated with the construction traffic, the likelihood of this impact is tagged as possible,
the consequence of this impact is moderate, therefore the overall impact is assessed to
be of moderate severity.

Strains on transport infrastructure (MCH)

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Mitigation
This impact can be minimized through attempting to deliver raw materials during off-
peak timings to avoid extra stress on the existing roads and thus the livelihoods of
local population;
NHA to accord approval for movement of heavy machinery and check the weights of
the trucks;
Load restrictions will be displayed on sign posts along the national highway and
warning posts will be erected along the road clearly identifying temporary crossings
points;
maximum pressure acceptable on the road with the acceptable tires pressure to
ensure safe driving;
All current accesses will be maintained and if this is not possible then alternative
routes will be created to ensure other relevant parties have access to the whole area
during construction stage;
All general mitigations mentioned for the previous segment are valid for this segment;
and
reduced to low value.
Impact on Water Resources
This segment consists of many seasonal water streams along the pipeline route such as
Shadi Kaur (RD 190), Branguli Kaur (RD 219), Rumaro Kaur (RD 228) and some other
streams located at (RDs 185, 186, 188). These seasonal streams carry rain water to sea.
Any illegal/unapproved dumping of waste or materials into these natural streams during
construction phase through construction activities of the pipeline ROW, Construction
camp (Area = 4 Heactares) and the Dumping site (Area = 6 Hectares) located at (RD
186) could damage the streams water quality and consequently damage the aquatic-life.
The groundwater table in this area is very low and saline so there is a less risk of it
becoming contaminated. There exists a tube well that supplies water to the Pasni town
however it is located away from the (+/-200 m) COI. Nevertheless any accidental spill or
leakage into the water resources could prove to be damaging for the water quality and
subsequently affect the local population and wildlife which depends on it. The
consequence of this impact is high and likelihood of this impact has been given a
tentatively possible value. The overall risk severity of this impact has been rated as
moderate.

Water Resources degradation

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Mitigation
Shadi kaur will be protected from any spills or contamination through good
housekeeping practices and effective monitoring (refer EMMP) by SC and HSE
department of EPC contractor;
Material will be stored away from the River/stream/nullahs bank on bunded area with
an impermeable base to be developed by EPC contractor;
Cover the storage area so that the surface water or rain water will not carry the
pollution into the River/stream/nullahs/ponds;
Waste Management Plan should be strictly followed;
Vehicle or contaminated tools will not be washed in or near the all stream and river
especially the Shadi kaur, Branguli kaur and Rumaro kaur;
All routine maintenance of construction machinery and vehicles, if carried out on site,
will be carried out in a designated workshop / maintenance area with concrete hard
standing surface and drainage to an oil interceptor;
The borrow materials and all other chemicals will be kept away from the water bodies
during construction period, in safe containers lined with bunding and impermeable
base to prevent unexpected leaks;
Scheduling works for dry periods, and avoiding construction during or immediately
preceding forecasted rainfall events;
EPC contractor should not utilize the water of existing tube well located on Shadi
kaur for meeting construction as well as domestic demands; and
Air and Noise Impact
The area is mainly arid in nature so dust pollution is likely to occur during construction
period. The potential sources of emissions in the form of fugitive dust to air and increase
in noise levels may arise during the clearing of ROW (vegetation and topsoil removal),
excavation of open cut pipe trenches, under-boring and HDD, rock hammering,
vibrations, clattering and clanking of machinery, Furthermore the project road traffic flows
(bulldozers, cranes, compactor rollers, excavators and dumpers etc.) may cause dust
and gaseous emissions when moving on non-metalled road tracks directly affecting the
ambient air quality of residential villages (within +/-200m COI), backfilling of pipeline
trenches, rehabilitation works, functioning of generators etc. There is a proposed
Construction camp and a dumping site at (RD 186); hence with all the civil and
mechanical works required, compared to the original background noise levels, the levels
will ultimately be higher. Therefore, noise and air impact may become a nuisance for the
nearby villages but of low intensity as the settlements are away from the (+/-200m) COI.
The consequence of this impact would be moderate. The likelihood of the impact is
likely. Thus the overall risk rating for this activity has been assigned a high severity.
Air and Noise Nuisance

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Mitigation
Pressure horns should not be installed in the construction vehicles;
All the construction workers should wear PPEs;
Vehicles will only move within the designated movement areas;
Routine checkups of all the construction machinery to be carried out by EPC
contractor;
Avoid blasting as much as possible. However, if unavoidable, should be done under
controlled conditions;
The construction area required to be cleared will be kept to a minimum to reduce the
areas of exposed soil and dust-generating potential;
Wind fences (sediment fences) will be installed in high-risk areas to reduce soil being
blown away;
During earthworks, the sites will be routinely watered (preferably twice a day) for dust
suppression on site;
Proper vehicle maintenance to control emissions of high noise levels and air
pollutants; and
reduced to moderate value.
Ecological impacts to some extent are same as given for next segment.
Impact on Soil
Same as Segment 1
Water Resources
This segment consists of seasonal (perennial) water streams along the pipeline route
such as Shadi Kaur (RD 190), Branguli Kaur (RD 219), Rumaro Kaur (RD 228) and
some other streams located at RDs 185, 186 and 188. Hydrostatic testing (Hydrostatic
pressure 120Mpa) of pipeline will generate a significant quantity of contaminated
wastewater that if directly disposed into these streams will severely deteriorate the
quality of water, thus the intensity of impact has been envisaged as high during the
repair and maintenance time (water quality) and likelihood is likely. No other serious
impact is expected to be generated. Therefore overall impact is worked out as high.

Impacts on Water Resources

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Mitigation
Testing of water quality to be carried out prior to any discharge of wastewater to
surface water resources;
Good engineering practices to be adopted;
Water quality monitoring as given in the EMMP; and
limited to a moderate value.
Impact due to Pipeline Blast- Security
bedding, padding and filling with geo textile bags of sand to reduce the risk of any
damage in the event of an earthquake or criminal activity however the occurrence of
negligence (human mistake) leading to an accident turning into a big disaster can never
be ruled out in case of such high scale gas transmission line operations. Therefore the
likelihood of such an impact is somewhat possible; the consequence of this impact is
considerably high as it can lead to explosion, fire or a huge blast. Thus overall risk
severity of this impact is assigned a moderate tag.

Pipeline Blast, Explosion or Fire

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Mitigation
Emergency respond teams will be properly trained and equipped with mobile
BVs (26) will disconnect the damaged part of pipeline from the rest of the pipeline
instantly to avoid any potential disaster;
their use; and
Ecological impacts are same as given for next segment.
5.5.5 Construction-Segments 240-300 km and 300-380 km
Impact on Land use and Soils
The proposed pipeline passes through these segments including south of a portion of
wildlife sanctuary Buzi Makola from (RD 215-227) up to (RD 245-265), north of a highly
important wetland site known as Kalmat Khor (RD 251- RD 284) and about 25 km north-
west of Ormara Beaches. Pipeline is moved away from the coastal highway from (RD
305) and re-joins the road at (RD 340). The CS2 (RD 343), three contractors camps (RD
268, RD 308 and RD 343) along with an associated Dump site at (RD 308) are also
proposed to be constructed on barren land in the area.
The project construction activities in the area will include clearing of any vegetation,
excavation of land (Excavators), trenching levelling (Rollers) and various land intensive
drilling procedures to be conducted before backfilling by heavy bulldozers and relevant
machinery. This activity might cause a certain level of damage to the existing soils and
the natural steep slopes in the area. If sustainable construction methods are not adopted
in this area the overall impact will be of high severity. Due care needs to be taken to
avoid any significant damage to the soil and these steep slopes around the pipeline COI
and especially the area near Buzi Makola wildlife sanctuary. Erosion and land slippage
could trigger in the instance of interference with naturally occurring soils, disturbance of
steep slopes of hills while excavating or blasting, inappropriate soil stripping and
unattended exposure of soil stockpiles to rainfall or strong winds. Other impacts related
to soil contamination are similar as described for segment 1.
The consequence of impact is of moderate value. The likelihood of this impact has been
assigned as likely. The total risk severity derived for this impact is therefore of a high
significance.

Land Use (ROW)

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Mitigation
Environmental monitoring of the site will be performed to check for any signs of soil
erosion so that remedial actions such as applying water and compaction can be
implemented;
Installation of ditch breakers and single joint pipeline to minimize impact on soils in
such steep areas;
All the steep slopes along the ROW to be closely monitored for any topography
changes and necessary steps will be taken to avoid any damage to the soil quality
and damage to these sensitive slopes;
Contractors facilities and camp should be established outside the Buzi Makola;
access to the ROW, CS1, contractors camp sites;
ROW should be reinstated to natural conditions. However, the ROW vegetation will
continue to be cut back and maintained throughout the project life;
No agricultural land should be acquired for establishment of EPC contractors
facilities;
During trenching the top soil will be kept on site and reinstated back at the
completion of the project activities;
Access roads to CS sites should not pass through the sensitive or agricultural areas;
All other general mitigations mentioned in the previous section are valid for this
segment; and
The pipeline has only two major road crossings in this segment i.e. MCH (RD 304, 342).
These crossing may carry the potential of straining the traffic influx at these junctions.
The existing roads infrastructure could come under stress due to the heavy traffic
frequency of the project motor vehicles transporting equipment/raw materials and heavy
machinery (Bulldozers, cranes, excavators, rollers and dumpers etc.) especially during
the construction phase of the pipeline, Contractor camps (RD 268, RD 308, RD 343),
Dump Site (RD 308) and the CS2 (RD 343). NHA has directed the client not to transport
more than the maximum allowable limit of 50 tonnes of weight on the highway as it risks
fracturing under the extra burden. This damage to roads can directly impact on the local
population and businesses, therefore due to the direct potential impacts on means of
livelihood and surrounding physical environment, a probability of increased accidents,
associated with the construction traffic, the likelihood of this impact is possible, the
consequence (intensity) of this impact has been graded as moderate. Therefore, the
overall impact is assessed to be of moderate severity.

Strains on transport infrastructure (services/existing roads)

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Mitigation
Caution signs (Stop/No Stop/Reduce Speed) posts to be erected at every road
crossing for identification of reference for gas pipeline;
Alternative route to be provided to ensure smooth flow of traffic on the coastal
highway;
Only agreed number of vehicles should be allowed into the construction sites;
Contractor will obtain all the required permits from the NHA prior to carrying out any
construction on such crossings;
Only approved weight by NHA should be hauled to the site;
All other general measures mentioned in the previous segment are also valid for this
segment; and
After applying the appropriate mitigation measures, the likelihood and severity of this
impact will be reduced to a low value.
While passing through this segment the pipeline centreline lies about (minimum) 500m
outside of north of a protected wetland Kalmat Khor, across Basol River (RD 302) with
underneath crossings of various other non-perennial streams Jafri Kaur situated at (RD
291) Rachi Kaur, Prahandrak Kaur and Manaji Kaur at (RD 337, 343 and 348)
respectively. It is worth mentioning that the, approximate area of Kalmat khor wetland is
about 1450 km
2
. The area between the wetland and the pipeline is mainly barren and
saline.
Due to the close proximity with the sea shore the ground water resources in this segment
are of brackish nature, elsewhere the groundwater level in this area is very low. Kalmat
khor also gets inundated regularly during the high tide period and drains out in low tide
season. This repeated phenomenon of sea water flooding in and out of it has become
the main cause of accumulation of thick salt layer on the ground surface. The local
population depends upon these surface water sources for agriculture as well as domestic
uses. There is a proposed CS2 to be built in this segment at (RD 343), three contractors
camps at (RD 268, RD 308 and RD 343) along with an associated dump site (RD 308).
The extensive construction of these facilities and the on-site workers activities (workers
strength, 300-600 approximately) may cause an adverse impact on local water ponds
and streams.
CS2 has been planned to be constructed at RD 343 (north east of Ormara) (workers
strength, 166). The construction of this CS can cause negative effects on the quality of
surrounding local water resources i.e. non-perennial streams, nullahs, stagnant ponds.
The contamination of these water bodies due to accidental spill or unauthorized disposal
of waste could damage the RAMSAR site Ormara Turtle beaches downstream or the
area in general. Increased TDS, TSS, BOD
5
, COD and turbidity in the Rivers due to
contaminated runoff from the construction activities, CS2 (Proposed Wastewater
Treatment Capacity 45000 Imperial Gallons per day) and Contractors camps (soil
particles, oil, lubricants, coal tar sewage waste etc.) may prove highly damaging to the
aquatic biodiversity, sustaining human and wildlife alike. This impact is most significant in
the hilly areas.
These activities if not properly managed will damage the quality of water in the above
streams; reaching the Kalmat khor and Ormara beach eventually. The likelihood of
impact is likely and may damage the water quality of the streams and the consequence
of such an activity could be high. The total risk severity of this impact is therefore given a
high score.

Impact on water resources

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Mitigation
Basol River and Kalmat khor will be protected from any spills or contamination
through good housekeeping practices and effective monitoring (refer EMMP) by SC
and HSE department of EPC contractor;
All the discharges will meet the NEQS on a strict basis;
Material will be stored away from the River/stream/nullahs bank on bunded area with
an impermeable base to be developed by EPC contractor;
An efficient communication system and a downstream warning system are absolutely
essential for saving the aquatic life of the Ormara beach and Kalmat khor;
Cover the storage area so that the surface water or rain water will not carry the
pollution into the river/stream/nullahs;
Vehicle or contaminated tools will not be washed in or near the Kalmat khor and
Basol river and other streams;
EPC contractor should not utilize the local pond water for meeting the construction
as well as domestic usages water demands;
All routine maintenance of construction machinery and vehicles, if carried out on site,
will be carried out in a designated workshop / maintenance area with concrete hard
standing surface and drainage to an oil interceptor;
All general mitigations mentioned in previous segment are also valid for this
segment; and
Disturbance of Wildlife Sanctuaries
The key wildlife habitat in this segment of the pipeline is Buzi Makola Wildlife Sanctuary
(RD 215- RD 265) covering an area of 145100 Hectares, home to different protected
species including the Ibex, Urial and Chinkara, as well as a few migratory birds which
travel through it annually. The disturbance caused by the construction of pipeline such as
levelling, trenching, excavation, dumping of spoil, construction material, blasting,
generation of noise (clatter, clanking and clamour) and air pollution by the heavy earth
moving machinery in the area, obstruction to animals movement (Construction camps at
RDs 268, 308 and 343), (CS2 RD 343), as well as presence of work force (workers
strength, 300-600 approximately) in the vicinity of this sanctuary, may prove to be
harmful for these natural inhabitants of this area. These activities and the workforce
might also cause interference with the breeding and resting places (steep ridges, cliffs,
grassy area) of these wild ungulates in Buzi Makola. The construction activities will
cause migration of mammals out of the project area, but these ungulates tend to return
to their habitats to re-colonize the area after construction period is over. Similarly all the
above construction activities, although not significantly, may disturb the Kalmat khor
which is a breeding ground for a wide range of commonly found and migratory birds, but
if the construction near this wetland is not controlled, damage is possible. The likelihood
of these impacts is likely. The consequences could be grim, as the wildlife would be
forced to move away from the (+/-200m) Corridor of Interest; hence its value is flagged
as high. The overall risk severity for this impact is assessed to be of high rating.

Disturbance of Wildlife Sanctuaries (access roads/workers camp sites)

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Mitigation
Avoid blasting as much as possible and where necessary, controlled blasting should
be done;
Noise and Dust levels will be monitored to comply with the NEQS;
Hunting and pouching of animals by work force will be prohibited;
Access roads will be made at a safe distance from protected habitats;
Illumination levels from floodlights will be kept to a minimum;
Necessary cooperation would be provided to the forest/wildlife officials for the
improvement of vigilance;
All activities should be monitored as given in EMMP;
Ensure the migration corridor of wildlife animals and birds are not blocked due to
construction of camp site, pipeline, access roads etc.;
Chainsaws will be used for a controlled cutting/clearing of vegetation instead of
Bulldozers which can cause destructive impacts;
Every effort should be made by EPC contractor to re-adjust the route alignment away
from southern boundary of Buzi Makola as much as possible;
Fire-wood and shrubs will not be used as a fuel for open fires;
Pressure horns not to be used;
Movement of heavy machinery must be through designated ways;
Water sprinkling on the dirt tracks;
The contractor will ensure that machinery and workforce movement remains away
from the Kalmat khor; and
5.5.6 Operation-Segment 240-300 km and 300-380 km
Impact on Land and Soils
The soil quality in existing land is mainly saline, therefore there would not be a significant
impact caused on it during CS (RD 343) operations. It could however, be susceptible to
the wastes discharge or leakage of liquid/solid waste (hazardous/chemical/sewage) from
the CS2 footprint including the residential area. The likelihood of this impact is possible;
while the consequence is moderate. The overall risk severity is assessed as moderate.
Impact on land due to generation of waste from CS2

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Mitigation
A best management practice plan will be implemented to collect, treat and dispose of
all the relevant waste produced;
All the waste forms (liquid, solid, sewage) should be disposed away from nearby
land;
In agreement with the waste management protocols, testing and monitoring will also
be frequently conducted; and
Noise and Air Impact
Even though, there were no substantial human settlements found near the CS2 location,
but the ambient air quality of the area may deteriorate due to CS and on site power
generators operations, producing considerable noise and air emissions. Moreover,
Heavy project vehicles and trucks will be used to transport different fuels, chemicals and
materials to the CS during operation phase; this may also trigger noise and dust
emissions in the adjoining vicinity of CS2. The likelihood of this impact is possible; while
the consequence is assigned a high value. The overall risk severity is estimated to be
moderate ranked.

Noise and Air disturbances

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Mitigation
Same as CS1 given in the (0-180km) segment.
There are a number of major surface water streams on either side of the CS2 in this
segment; including Rachi Kaur, Prahandrak Kaur and Manaji Kaur at (RDs 337, 343 and
348) respectively. The local water resources quality could come under stress due to
contamination of surface water and over extraction of possible groundwater wells. As
mentioned earlier, these water resources form the most integral part of the local
population survival, whose livelihoods (Daily use, Livestock, Agriculture) revolve around
them entirely. Although the location of CS2 (RD 343) is approximately 45km north east of
Ormara beaches, but the waste effluents of plus pigging station (RD 343) if discharged
unchecked into local water streams could end up downstream in the protected seashore
habitat of Ormara Aquatic life (Olive Ridley turtles, Green Turtles etc.) causing immense
damage to the marine life. The likelihood of this impact during the operation of CS2 is
possible; whereas the consequence will be very high. Therefore the overall risk
significance is assessed as a moderate rank.

Changes to water quality/ effects on Ormara beaches habitat

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Mitigation
Over extraction of ground water (if done) by the workers will be restricted at CS2;
Use of surface water ponds/streams by the CS2 workers will be prohibited;
Safety bunding will be provided in the large containers and tanks with impermeable
base on site to avoid any spills rushing into the nearby watercourses;
Spills kit/absorbents/safety tools will be available on site to contain any accidental
spills;
Compliance with NEQS will be ensured by providing wastewater treatment facilities
such as septic tanks, stabilization ponds (the feasibility of these wastewater
treatment options to be technically evaluated);
In case of contamination of a stream or water body, effects monitoring will be done
immediately to analyse the impacts downstream, appropriate measures will be taken
to minimize the negative impacts; and
Impact on Transport infrastructure (access roads, services)
The pipeline has only two major road crossings in this segment i.e. MCH (RD 304, 342).
During the CS2 operations, a number of heavy trucks will transport different materials
and fuels to the CS2 through these local roads. This may involve the potential of
straining the local traffic influx at MCH road junctions. National Highway Authority (NHA)
has directed the client not to transport more than the maximum allowable limit of 50
tonnes of weight on the highway as it risks fracturing under the extra burden. This
damage to roads can directly impact on the local population and businesses, therefore
due to the direct potential impacts on means of livelihood and surrounding physical
environment, a probability of increased accidents, the likelihood of this impact is
possible; while the consequence carries a high value. The overall risk severity is
calculated to a moderate value.

Disturbance to the local traffic flow due to operational traffic influx

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Mitigation
Vehicles carrying hazardous substances and material will be kept away from built up
areas;
Project vehicles will be instructed to move during off peak hours only;
Alternative routes will be provided to the local traffic in case of long delays;
All other measures are to be adopted which are given in segment 1 (0-180km) for
strains on Transport Infrastructure; and
Impact due to Pipeline Blast and Fire at CS2
bedding, padding and filling with geo textile bags of sand to reduce the risk of any
be ruled out in case of such high scale gas transmission line operations. Moreover, in the
event of non-compliance with HSE protocols or accidents, huge fire can erupt at the
CS2, which can have grave consequences for the safety of personnel as well as on site
equipment. Therefore the likelihood of such an impact is somewhat possible; the
consequence of this impact is considerably very high as it can lead to explosion, fire or a
huge blast. Thus overall risk severity of this impact is assigned a moderate tag.


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Mitigation
(Regulated in HSE Manual for mandatory Compliance by SC);
their use; and
Disturbance to Wildlife
The operation of gas pipeline will not cause any adverse impacts on the Buzi Makola
(RD 215 - RD 265) and its existing natural and protected wildlife (Ibex, Urial and
Chinkara gazella). The operation phase will also have no immediate significant impacts
on the Kalmat Khor wetland and Ormara beach as these sites are located at a
considerable distance from the pipeline route. As the pipeline will be buried 3 meter
under the ground, hence there is a minimal (low) chance of any disturbances to the flora
and fauna of this area. Only routine inspection and delivery of equipment on site might
cause a low impact due to the heavy motor vehicles traffic. The total risk severity of this
impact is thereby only insignificant.

Disturbance to the wildlife during operations activity

low moderate high very high
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Mitigation
Noise and Dust levels will be monitored to comply with the NEQS for maintenance of
the machinery;
Hunting and pouching of animals by work force will be prohibited;
Illumination levels from floodlights will be kept to a minimum;
All activities should be monitored as given in EMMP;
All other general mitigations mentioned in the previous segments are also valid here;
and
impact will be reduced to a non-significant value.
Land Use
The proposed gas pipeline passes through the HNP (RD 375 RD 468) in this segment.
The HNP is the largest National Park of Pakistan with an overall area stretching over
167,000 hectares. Its the only National Park with integrated terrestrial and marine
habitats making it a unique setting in its own. Some critical features of this segment
include badlands, erosion, active faults, mud volcano ridges, steep gradient mountains
and deep gullies and cuts. Some special measures would be required to adopt within this
stretch. The rock comprises of alternate beds of predominating Siltstone/Mudstone with
subordinating thin Silty Sandstones. This area is mainly barren with small residential and
commercial (shops and hotels) area located around the COI. However, there were a few
agricultural fields identified at (RDs 435, 443 and 445). Furthermore, there is a Forest
Rest house (RD 431), a graveyard (RD 451), a Communication tower (RD 471) and a
mosque (RD 478), all outside of COI (+/- 200m). As water resources are rare, hence
there is no significant agricultural field areas present in this segment. However, the
project construction activities will require clearance of vegetation (Wild Kikar, Karir, and
Date Palms), excavation, levelling, blasting (damage to rocky areas) and backfilling by
heavy bulldozers and machinery for the preparation of ROW. All these activities carry the
potential of damaging the local land use, in terms of disturbances to the biodiversity,
wildlife habitats (rocky areas, grassy areas) and human communities by producing
various waste streams, high levels of noise and dust emissions and cutting of trees for
the preparation of ROW. Apart from these construction works there will also be a
proposed contractors camp to be built just adjacent to this segment (Aghor) at (RD 427)
with an accompanying Dump site (RD 427). This EPC contractor will be facilitating
approximately 500-600 workers on this camp; which has a direct impact on the
surrounding land, vegetation and water resources in terms of release of wastes (grey
water, sewage wastewater etc.), use of fire wood for cooking or recreation and use of
water ponds for domestic purposes, although the intensity of this effect on the Hingol
land use is moderate as there is no irrigated land around the ROW and all temporary
camps/facilities will be removed at the end of the construction stage. Thus the likelihood
of construction activities, associated facilities and influx of workers causing physical
damage to the land area in terms of Topsoil, natural biodiversity, wildlife and human
population in this segment is likely; the consequence of such impact will be high.
Therefore the overall risk severity of this impact is assigned a high value.
Land use affected due to Preparation of ROW/Contractors camp

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Mitigation
Some of the measures given in Segment 1 (Land use) are valid for this. However,
blasting should be completely controlled and localized;
EPC contractor should strictly follow the HSE plan of construction activities; and
After applying the appropriate mitigation measures, the likelihood and severity of
this impact will be reduced to a moderate value.
Soil Erosion Impact
The IP pipeline enters the HNP at (RD 373), and exits at (RD 465), various construction
activities in the southern protected region of HNP such as excavating, levelling, trenching
and backfilling of the soil for preparation of the working platform within ROW,
establishing access roads, Contractors Camp site and Dump site at (RD 427) could
trigger geophysical impacts i.e. accelerated soil erosion, physical scarring of landscape
and an increased risk of land sliding along the ROW of the pipeline. The soil compaction
will occur from the movements of heavy construction equipment (e.g. bulldozer,
backhoe, multi-purpose cranes, excavators, rollers, pipeline delivery trucks, stringing
equipment etc.) on the land within the ROW. This could result in reduced aeration and
permeability of soils and therefore reduces overall water holding capacity and plant
growth in the area. In such consequences, rehabilitation becomes difficult with an
increase in surface run off and subsequent soil erosion. Moreover, vegetation clearance
and grading activities within the ROW (34m) may also contribute to soil and sediment
erosion phenomenon as the majority of land in HNP is less vegetated and more
vulnerable to erosion.
The likelihood of impacts on soil during the construction of the pipeline is likely given the
sensitive nature of soil and rocks of this area. The consequence of such an impact could
be very high as wind erosion is also very common in the area and it could cause erosion
(exposed soil stockpiles) and land sliding (damage to the slopes) near the pipeline ROW.
The overall severity of this impact is therefore designated a high rating.
Soil Erosion (Excavation, Levelling, Trenching, Backfilling)

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Mitigation
It is suggested that the works strip should be further narrowed in this segment to
confine it to only the necessary space for trench excavation, placement of topsoil and
rest of excavated material separately, for displacement of construction machinery
Side booms required to install the pipeline in the trench and displacement of vehicles
and construction machinery at site;
It is suggested that the location of construction camp in this segment should be
reassessed once again before the start of construction and efforts should be made to
relocate it outside the HNP;
Construction activities including excavation, levelling and backfilling of land will be
conducted in a controlled manner with extra care to ensure it does not trigger soil
erosion in the hilly areas of Hingol;
Compacted gravel surfaces to be used as protective cover on access roads and
around ROW borrow areas;
Soil stockpiles will be either properly covered or efficiently disposed off site;
Stability of new slopes developed during project activities must be inspected regularly
by an expert on the subject;
Plastic sheeting and hay bales will likely be used to control wind or rainfall runoff
(Monsoon season) until all earthwork is completed;
Soil Erosion structures such as Rip Rap, Gabions etc. to be planned at appropriate
places; and
The Iran Pakistan gas pipeline project will produce effluent wastes from all the typical
categories used in the development of such a mega system. However, the various solid
and liquid effluents (chemical sludge, grey water and sewage) released during the
construction stage from Contractors camp (RD 427), the accompanying Dumping site
and any potential risks of leaks from transportation and storage of fuels and chemicals or
mismanagement of hazardous waste, if not properly contained or disposed, could end up
seeping and contaminating the local soil quality in this southern region of HNP
boundaries. The different sort of wastes from project activities, which may not be limited
to, consists of cleared vegetation, solid debris (non-construction waste), and remnants of
cables, metallic connections, solvents, lubricating oils, grease, food and bottled water
refuse. In case of solvents, oils or grease contamination, the existing soil composition
can be altered and impart high value consequences for the future land use.
The severity of the impact would depend on different factors such as nature of the
pollutants, discharge rate and duration of contact with the soil; assuming that such spills
are detected quickly the treatment or disposal for all such contaminated soils will be
done off site by excavating the damaged soil from the area of impact. The likelihood of
this activity is flagged a likely value. The consequences of impacts on soil quality
represent a high degree of significance, given the barren and arid nature of HNPs
physical characteristics. Considering the possible likelihood together with the above
factors, the overall severity of this impact is rated as moderate.

Degradation of the soil quality (waste water discharge,)

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Mitigation
No untreated waste will be released from the contractor camp to the environment
without properly tested against NEQS;
Both the domestic waste and hazardous wastes will be directed to the waste pits;
The waste pits must have extra capacity (110%) to avoid accidental overflow;
Instructions given in MSDS Sheets for chemical storage, handling, transportation to
be strictly followed;
Best management practices (BMP) should be enforced to prevent any leaks,
accidental spills within the HNP boundaries;
Spill kits, absorbents, safety equipment will be made available on site by EPC
contractor to avert any accidental spill;
Tanks and storage vessels should be regularly checked for compliance i.e. presence
of leaks, breach of equipment, recoating of protective layers etc,;
There will be no fuelling of construction equipment within the protected area of HNP
and no such storage of hazardous materials in the nearby proximity of wildlife
habitats; and
Strains on Transport Infrastructure (services/existing roads)
The pipeline has only a single major road available in this segment i.e. MCH (RD 432)
and old non-metalled MCH alignment. These roads may carry the potential of straining
due to the influx of traffic (causing delays) at the junctions. There may be a need to build
a diversion/detour for uninterrupted flow of local traffic at this bridge crossing; likewise
the heavy project vehicle inflows transporting pipeline equipment and materials to the
project site could also press the MCH road quality to certain deformities (NHA applicable
weight limit is 50 tonnes). There is also a small presence of hotels, shops, housing
boundary walls, a forest rest house (RD 429 - RD 431) and a privately owned
telecommunication tower (RD 471) near the course of pipeline COI (+/- 200m) through
this segment. Some of these amenities may need to be removed or relocated due to the
pipeline route, Contractors camp and Dump site (RD 427) construction. Any damage
caused to the local road network and probability of increased accidents due to
construction traffic may directly impact the local population and businesses. The
likelihood of this impact is possible; the magnitude or intensity of this impact is assigned
a moderate value. The overall risk assessment is calculated to be moderate unless
addressed properly.

Strains on transport infrastructure (existing roads, services)

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Mitigation
Traffic Management Plan to be prepared and followed by the SCs and EPC
contractor;
Caution signs (Stop/No Stop/Reduce Speed) posts to be erected at every road
crossing for identification of reference for gas pipeline;
Road diversions to be provided to ensure smooth flow of traffic on the coastal
highway;
Only agreed number of project vehicles should be allowed into the construction sites,
at any given time, that fall within the wildlife reserve. A vehicle quota should be kept
for in-coming and out-going vehicles;
Materials/Equipment to be delivered only during the off-peak hours to avoid extra
burden on the coastal highway;
Mineral gas safety regulations to be followed at all times while construction near third
party structures;
Contractor will obtain all the required permits from the concerned departments prior
to carrying out any construction on local services and road crossings; (refer Authority
Permit Plan Document No. B711-ILF-GEN-AE-PLN-0001)
Thickness and depth of the pipeline at such road crossings to be optimized for safety
and efficiency;
Load capacity of the roads to be illustrated along the highway;
To ensure safety of local roads/coastal highway by following the relevant regulations
of NHA;
maximum pressure acceptable in the road with the acceptable tires pressure to
ensure safe driving; and
Impact on Ground water
The active ground water resources form the most basic of life survival resources in this
waste barren area i.e. the project area of Balochistan. Groundwater level is very deep in
this segment. The groundwater sample was collected from Aghor town to assess the
groundwater quality of the area and results were compared with the relevant standard
(WHO). Various factors such as TDS, Total Coliform bacteria, Chloride and Boron were
found to be exceeding the safety limits of drinking water standards (Refer to Baseline
Chapter). Most of the groundwater sources are brackish in nature due to close proximity
of the park to the Arabian ocean. The use of groundwater in HNP and its buffer zone is
very limited, the population mainly relies on dug wells, and some of the dug wells are
making use of the perched ground water table in the area (Average depth 10.5m). In part
of the Coastal area, the dug well produce brackish water as there is a lack of any system
to tap the thin freshwater layers by skimming wells or to halt saltwater intrusion from tidal
waters. Meanwhile there are only two tube wells located in the park buffer zone in the
Phore valley while three tube wells (1 in Central Hingol and two in Northern Plains) were
put out of order and filled with mud during the extreme floods in February 2005. The
Government has taken no steps to harvest fresh groundwater flows before they mix into
the Arabian Sea, however, floodwater harvesting and spreading system exist in all the
village agricultural areas (Source: Management Plan HNP, Field Version- Balochistan
Forest and Wildlife Department). The Groundwater is mainly utilized for domestic and
agriculture purpose. These groundwater resources are only replenished by the seasonal
rainfall in this segment. During the construction of pipeline, Contractors camp and Dump
site at (RD 427) in HNPs boundary, use of well water for construction activities and
contractor camps workforce (workers strength, 500-600) daily demand, may prove to be
damaging for these fundamental life sustaining water resources of the National Park.
The extraction of groundwater by the EPC contractor exceeding the sustainable limits
may represent a decline in the quantity and quality of surrounding ground water wells on
temporary basis. This may create acute adverse effects for the local population and
wildlife in terms of shortage of already scarce ground water. The likelihood of this impact
is possible given the proposed contractor camp site in the park; consequence of this
impact will be very high as the locals livelihoods could be severely affected because of a
reduction in water table and quality. Based on the above factors, the overall impact
severity is assigned an extremely moderate rating.
Changes in ground water resources (Contractor camp demand)

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Mitigation
The local community must be compensated for the amount of water extracted from
the aquifers and well water will be extracted only from the confined aquifer of the
area;
All necessary measures will be taken to avoid any damage to the water resources
whether it is related to groundwater extraction or use of wells by the workforce;
The locals will be consulted prior to the construction stage of the pipeline in regards
to potential effects on water quality;
The water rights of locals must be respected and prioritized under any given
situation;
Extraction of groundwater wells will be done on a controlled basis so as not to
permanently damage the quantity and quality of water; and
Cleaning, gauging and hydrostatic testing of pipeline before operation stage will generate
a significant quantity of contaminated wastewater; this wastewater can damage the
ponds (RDs 423, 443, 445 and 467) and Hingol River water if discharged into them
without prior- treatment. Hence, the likelihood of such impacts is rather possible and the
consequence of this impact could be considerably high. The overall risk severity of this
impact is assigned a moderate rating.

Generation of hydrostatic waste etc.

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Mitigation
General Mitigation measures are same as for various previous segments on water
resources; and
Impacts on Surface Water (Hingol River, Water Ponds)
The Hingol River forms the largest surface water resource of the national park and is a
habitat to several types of sensitive species (marsh crocodiles, migratory birds). The
proposed pipeline crosses the River at different locations simultaneously at (RDs 423,
426, 428). The migratory visiting birds also find refuge on the green banks of this river
during their annual migration cycle. Any adverse environmental impacts caused while
crossing this natural water way during the construction of pipeline and different forms of
waste produced could disturb the wildlife which depends on the river water. There were
also few community surface water ponds and a creek (RD 414) identified along the route
alignment at (RDs 423, 443, 445, and 467) which are used by the local population to
meet their daily water demands. The impacts due to disposal of wastewater from
construction camp at RD 427 (Main Camp Area= 8.9 Hectares) and associated dump
site (Area= 6 Hectares) will seriously be negative and will damage the quality of Hingol
River and ponds (High BOD
5,
TDS, low DO, TSS, and other chemicals). Due to the highly
technically intensified project works likelihood of adverse impacts is likely that can be
caused on these surface water bodies during the construction period, the extent of which
can be countered only through employing best management practices by the EPC
contractor. If the construction camps water demands (workers strength, 500 - 600) are
met through the Hingol River the consequence of any negative effects on the Hingol
River water and the surrounding surface water ponds would implicate the livelihoods of
local population and the wildlife of the national park that thrives on this surface water
resource, thus a high ranking is assigned to it. Considering the likely relevance and
intensity of this impact on the surface water; the overall risk severity of this impact is
evaluated to be high.

Changes to water quality of surface water (ponds, rivers, streams)

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Mitigation
General mitigation measures of previous sections are applicable in this segment too;
these appropriate mitigation measures will be enforced during the construction phase
of the pipeline project to avoid any disturbance to the Hingol River;
Hingol River will be protected from any spills or contamination through good
housekeeping practices, special measures and effective monitoring (refer EMMP) by
SCs and HSE department of EPC contractor;
Alternative methods (Pipeline Tunnelling, HDD method) should be adopted to
formulate the river crossing as safely for the habitats as possible;
EPC Contractor will be bound to comply with the NEQS standards (for inland water);
A Waste Management Plan to be executed by the EPC Contractor;
The mangroves forest located in the estuary of Hingol River will be protected from
any contamination or illegal birds hunting by the workers;
Use of ponds by the workers will be prohibited to prevent them from depletion; and
Wildlife Impact
The construction of the pipeline, Contractors camp and Dump site (RD 427) in the
southern stretches of HNP can potentially pose threats to the indigenous wildlife and
the migratory birds which visit the park annually or live there as a commonly found
species. The heavy earth moving machinery, bulldozers, excavators, rollers, multi-
purpose cranes supporting large scale generators, employed for excavation, trenching,
levelling, blasting and compaction activities produce toxic gases, high levels of noise and
dust emissions (for example particulate matter, PM
2.5
, PM
10
) which can spark negative
effects on the ambient air quality of the park area within the pipeline (+/- 200m) COI.
Such impacts can disturb the natural habitats (hilly cliffs, ridges, steep slopes, and
grassy areas), breeding and resting places of the mammals namely Ibex, Urial and
Chinkara.
Few other existing endangered or vulnerable species worth mentioning here are Marsh
Crocodiles (11 identified in Hingol River), various species of birds including Houbara
bustard, Eagles and Falcons in the Park. The last endangered Sindh leopard of HNP
was shot in the 80s, whereas vulnerable spiny tail lizard can still be seen at places in
HNP. On the other hand, hunting, shooting and pouching of these animals by the
construction workers could also trigger a biodiversity decline. According to the recent
estimates (refer Ecological Environment Report Figures 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6), the total
population of these endangered species are; Urials, a few hundred, Ibex are about 3000
and Chinkara are found in small remnant numbers.
The possibility of this disturbance to this wildlife is certain as the pipeline crosses through
the hilly cliffs (Ibex habitat) in the south of the national park. The consequence of this
impact could prove very high as the protected wildlife could be forced to move away from
their habitats and breeding places, although for a less duration, as the wildlife tends to
return to their habitat after a while. The overall severity of this impact is calculated for a
catastrophic ranking.

Disturbances to the wildlife habitats

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Other general mitigation measures for wildlife safety as given in previous segments are
also valid for this segment. Although most of the species mentioned above form
important features of HNP, but Urial, Chinkara and Ibex are the most important ones with
a little detail as mentioned below:
Chinkara (Gazella bennettii):
The Proposed pipeline route crosses through the lower hilly end of HNP, which offers a
very good habitat for Chinkara. Construction of proposed pipeline in this segment of HNP
as shown in Figure 5.1 will affect the Chinkara population & cause the loss of habitat.
Chinkara prefers grasslands, desert areas, woodlands and shrub lands to live. Their diet
includes all types of vegetation. They feed on grass, leaves and wild fruits. They can live
without water for longer period of time.
Chinkara do not have specific time for breeding. However, autumn and spring season
are preferred as mating period for Gazelles. Five and a half months is usually the
gestation period for the species. After a period of six months, the female gazelles give
birth to one or two new born, which is kept hidden in the grasses for days and it may long
for weeks too and then it is taken care by its mother, until the breed get moved by its
own and able to get under its mother's herd. In Pakistan, the rut appears it occur in two
seasons, one lasting from the end of monsoon up to early October and again in the late
Spring from March to the end of April. The births occur mainly in April. The construction
activities in these months may affect the reproduction of Chinkara.
Hunting has been the most significant threat for Chinkara and that has declined their
population count by great numbers.
Mitigation
Chinkaras always seem to be active and rarely wanders in the places of human
presence and they always tend to keep a distance with the other species, however
hunting has been the most significant threat for Chinkara and that has reduced a
great number declining the population count to dangerously low. So there should be
clear cut instructions to the contractors staff and labour prohibiting hunting and
shooting of Chinkara;
Chinkara diet includes all types of vegetation. They feed on grass, leaves and wild
fruits so campsite should be located in area with minimum of vegetation cover.
Clearing of land, cutting of vegetation should be avoided as far as possible;
Chinkara can mate throughout the year. Gestation period lasts for 5 -6 months. There
are two birth peaks the major one in April and the minor one in autumn. So
construction activities should be scheduled in such a way to protect the breeding time
for Chinkara;
Normally, Chinkara kept their newly born babies into grasses for weeks after that
female Chinkara take care of that. So during construction activities, removal of
vegetation should be avoided and if not possible to avoid then special care should be
adopted during vegetation removal;
Chinkara normally emerge to start feeding before sunset, so construction activities
should be adjusted by keeping in mind the Chinkaras feeding time;
Food/organic wastes of the workers camp will be properly disposed of and should be
prevented from being eaten by Chinkaras, as it may be harmful to them;
Speed of the vehicle, involved in the project, should be controlled to avoid any
accidents and incidental killing of Chinkara;
Blasting will be avoided controlled or minimized to reduce impact on habitats of these
ungulates; and

Figure 5.1: Potential Chinkara Habitat in HNP

Sindh Ibex
The Proposed pipeline route crosses through the HNP, which offers a very good habitat
for Ibex. Construction of proposed pipeline in this segment of HNP as shown in Figure
5.2 will affect the Ibex population & cause the loss of habitat.
Ibex prefers to live in mountainous ranges. Ibex usually limit themselves to precipitous
rocks, cliffs, and steep ravines, and generally avoid grazing in open areas, to escape
predators and avoid human interference. They graze the leaves and bushes as well as
small shrubs.
Ibex is most active during the early morning and late afternoon, lying in the shade of
rocks during midday. Ibex are strong jumpers and sure-footed climbers, which allows
them to move with ease in their mountainous abode. During the winter, they are found at
medium elevations on steep faces usually facing south. As the warm weather
approaches, they follow the receding snowline up the mountains to the highest part of
their habitat. Here they spend late spring, summer, and autumn. The construction
activities may affect the Ibex habits especially during the winters.
The ibex feeds during the night in the highest woods that grow on the mountains; but as
soon as the sun rises it begins to climb, eating the grass or whatever it finds, till it has got
up where it is too high for trees to grow. They go in small companies of eight or ten, and
lie down in sunny places among the rocks while the sun is hot; but about three or four
o'clock in the afternoon they begin to go down again towards the woods. They can climb
up rather more easily than they can get down, because their front legs are shorter than
the rear.
According to their general ecological behaviour, the rutting season of ibex starts from
mid-August and ends before the first week of September. Young Ibex are born during
mid-January to the end of the March, exceptionally unto mid-April. The construction
activities may affect the rutting behaviour of Ibex.


Figure 5.2: Potential Ibex Habitat in HNP

Mitigation
Ibex diet includes leaves, bushes & small shrubs. So clearing of land, cutting of
vegetation should be avoided as far as possible;
The rutting season of ibex starts from mid-August and ends before the first week of
September. Young Ibex are born during mid-January to the end of the March,
exceptionally unto mid-April. So construction activities should be scheduled in such a
way to protect the breeding times of ibex, if possible;
Ibex is most active during the early morning and late afternoon, so construction
activities should tried to be avoided between these timings, if possible;
Ibex also emerge to start feeding during the night, so construction activities should be
carried out, keeping in mind the ibex feeding time, if possible;
Before entering the heavy equipment in the ROW, a team of expert ambienlists
supported by the construction team will ensure no small animals are present there
during construction (clearing) and will relocate any animals found in the ROW;
prevented from being eaten by ibex as it may be harmful to them;
accidents and incidental killing of ibex;
Noise control measures should be enforced during the construction phase such as
provision of silencer on the heavy construction vehicles and their proper tuning;
Blasting to be controlled to minimize impact on ibex habitat (steep cliffs, ridges); and
Urial (Ovis orientalis):
The Proposed pipeline route crosses through the HNP, providing some good habitats for
Urials. Construction of proposed pipeline in this segment of HNP as shown in Figure 5.3
will affect the Urial population & cause the loss of habitat.
Its habitat is on grassy slopes below the timberline. Urials inhabit the gentler slopes of
the mountains and often prefer areas that may be highly desirable for grazing domestic
livestock. This includes terrain that is gently to steeply rolling, but not overly precipitous.
The gentle slopes that Urials prefer are usually accessible to humans and the animals
are thus subject to persecution and high competition with livestock.
Urial feeds mainly on grass, it can eat leaves of trees and bushes if the necessity arises.
It is rarely seen in rocky mountain patches.
The mating season begins in September. They then pick 4 or 5 ewes, each of which
gives birth to a lamb after a gestation of five months.

Figure 5.3: Potential Urial Habitat in Hingol National Park
Mitigation
Urials mainly feeds on grass, bushes & small shrubs. So clearing of land, cutting of
vegetation should be avoided as far as possible;
The mating season begins in September. So construction activities should be
scheduled in such a way to protect the breeding time for Urial;
prevented from being eaten by Urial as it may be harmful to them;
accidents and incidental killing of Urial;
Blasting will be controlled to minimize impacts on Urial habitat (gentler hills, grassy
areas); and
Marsh Crocodile (Crocodylus Palustris)
The marsh crocodile (common names Mugger, broad snouted crocodile), is widely
distributed widely throughout Indo-Pakistan sub continent, though it is fast becoming
extinct in the southern coastal habitats of Balochistan (Jiwani-Dasht River and HNP).
The population in HNP has been declining because of habitat degradation and over-
hunting. Humans hunt persecute marsh crocodiles because they are a threat to their
domestic livestock.
Marsh Crocodiles prefer fresh water Rivers, lakes and marsh lands as habitat. They
prefer slow moving shallow areas. They are also known to dig burrows for Shelter and
travel considerable distance over land (several km) in search of suitable habitats.
Marsh Crocodiles are generally grey to brown in color with black cross-banding on body
and tail. They can be 4 to 5m in length. Total number of dentition varies from 60 to 68.
Juveniles eat insects and small fish whereas adults eat larger fish, amphibians, reptiles
(mainly snakes and turtles), birds and mammals (Ibex, Chinkara, squirrels). Larger adults
have been known to eat buffaloes and even humans on occasion.
Marsh Crocodiles breed and excavate nest holes to store their eggs (mostly during the
dry season of December to February). These nests can be commonly found on sloping
banks along the Rivers. The female lays 25 to 30 eggs. Eggs hatch within 55 to 75 days.
The female usually guards the nest and eggs.
Mortality factors affecting Marsh Crocodiles include persecution by humans, killing by
other Crocodiles, diseases, starvation, and injuries inflicted by prey in the wild.

Mitigation
Habitat degradation and over hunting has been the most significant threat for Marsh
Crocodiles and that has reduced their population significantly. So there should be
clear cut instructions to the contractors staff and labour prohibiting hunting and
shooting of Marsh Crocodiles or collection of their eggs;
Marsh Crocodiles breed and make nests during December to February (Dry Season).
So the construction activities should be scheduled accordingly;
Dry season is the best time for construction so it will be better to relocate the crocs
near the ROW and place some sort of protection to prevent them from enetering the
construction area;
Environmental team to visit the area prior to the construction stage and solve the
situation on a case by case basis;
accidents and incidental killing of Marsh Crocodiles; and
Impact on the Natural Habitats (trees, vegetation, shelters)
There are an estimated 2010 trees and plants in total to be cleared because of IP gas
pipeline project (refer Annex I- Inventory of Trees along pipeline route). During the
construction period, while preparing the pipeline ROW, Contractors camp and a Dump
site (RD 427) near the southern end of HNP, there may be a need to remove or clear the
native scattered vegetation (mostly sub-tropical forest thorns, bushes) and plants,
shrubs, trees) to execute the project activities. There are varying patches of scattered
and dense vegetation at RDs 392, 401, 404, 421, 424 (banks of Hingol River), 425-428,
431-432, 434 (Agricultural field), 436, 439-440, 443-445, 449, and 452. The removal of
this green cover can result in displacement of the natural habitats of various species of
wildlife in terms of shortage of forage, loss of shelter, damage to resting and breeding
places. This includes protected, migratory and common dwellers of the national park i.e.
Ibex, Urial, Chinkara, Houbara Bustard, Falcons and Marsh Crocodiles etc. The
possibility of such an impact in HNP is certain as they mostly lie within pipeline (+/-
200m) COI. The consequences of these activities carry a very high significance as this
vegetated area is the key to the survival of the wildlife in HNP. The overall risk severity of
this impact is calculated to cause catastrophic changes.
Clearance of Vegetation, Cutting of Trees, Shrubs

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Mitigation
Care will be taken to conduct the construction activities away from these sensitive
habitats;
The number of trees cut during clearance for ROW will be replaced with vigorous re-
vegetation and rehabilitation of ungulates habitat after construction phase;
Every tree cut will be replaced with a minimum of three trees;
Relocation (transplantation) of sensitive species of plants (trees with not much age
and girth) will be carried out at suitable locations;
Chainsaw cutting will be preferred over bulldozer clearance of trees/vegetation; and
5.5.8 Operational-Segment 380-475km
Land Use
The pipeline operation stage in HNP is not expected to cause any severe impacts on the
local land quality and its use within pipeline ROW, (only a few agricultural fields were
identified near RD 434, all of which are outside the COI) as the pipeline will be mostly
buried underground (3m depth) and there will be only the routine maintenance and
monitoring visits by the officials to the site location. Hence the likelihood of any negative
environmental impacts within this stretch is rare. The consequence of any adverse
impacts could be relatively moderate as most of the land is already barren. The overall
risk severity of the impact is calculated to be low significance.

Land Use Impacts

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Mitigation
The pipeline ROW will be regularly monitored for any leaks or breach of the ground
surface;
Effective monitoring to be conducted as given in the EMMP;
The movement of equipment and vehicles during operation and maintenance will be
limited to the access roads only; and
After applying the appropriate mitigation measures, the severity of this impact will be
limited to an very low value.
Soil Degradation (Leaks, Spills)
During the operational stage, any accidental leaks or spills of chemicals from pipe
repairing and operation or the pipeline leakage (corrosion) itself may degrade the soil
quality by seeping into the ground and affecting the sub surface conditions. The
likelihood of this impact is possible to some extent. The consequence of such impact will
be harmful to the wildlife population; hence a moderate value is assigned to it. The
overall risk severity is flagged as moderate.
Accidental Spills and Leaks

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Mitigation
Instruction on MSDS Sheets for storage, transportation etc. for chemicals to be
strictly followed;
Proper bunding area will be allowed at storage facility to contain any leaks or
chemicals spill;
BVs (26) to shut down the breached or leaking section of the pipeline instantly. Leak
detection system to monitor leakages on basis of flow and pressure;
Strict adherence to Waste Management Plan (prepared as a part of this project);
Contaminated soils will be removed from the project vicinity and disposed off at a
landfill or designated waste pits; and
Impacts on Hingol River
The operation period of the IP gas pipeline is unlikely to cause any significant damage to
the water quality of Hingol River. In case of oil pipeline the impact could be more severe
but in the case of IP gas pipeline, which crosses Hingol river during operations
essentially any occurrence of an accidental leak or spills from storage vehicles or the gas
pipeline rupture is very unlikely although it may adversely affect the water quality of this
natural habitat of various protected species (wild ungulates, marsh crocodiles and
turtles) and migratory birds. The likelihood of this impact is rare. However, the
consequence of such an incident could prove to be moderately damaging. The overall
significance of this impact is assessed to be low.
Damage to Hingol River Quality

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Mitigation
The ponds and Hingol River water will be prohibited to be used for washing vehicles,
building etc.;
The pipeline will be provided with proper coating, safety bunding to avoid any
accidental spills;
Strict adherence to instructions provided in the MSDS sheets provided by the
suppliers of the equipment at the time of delivery;
An environmental permit will be obtained from BEPA/SEPA for extraction and final
disposal of hydrostatic test discharge. It is recommended that either water should be
treated in evaporation ponds/lagoons or pass on to next section of pipeline after
primary treatment (settling ponds);
The pipeline will be regularly monitored and checked for any leaks;
The river water quality will also be tested at various points to ensure good quality for
the sustainability of wildlife and migratory birds; and
impact will be reduced to very low or insignificant value.
Disturbances to the wildlife habitats (Ambient Air/Noise quality)
According to the IUCN list there are about 19 species presently found in this region of
Hingol and Uthal. The pipeline operation phase may prompt some indirect adverse
impacts on the ambient air quality of the HNP. The operational motor vehicles roaming in
the southern parts of HNP for the purpose of periodic monitoring and maintenance can
contribute to dust emissions (PM
2.5
, PM
10
), carbon dioxide and increased noise levels (>
85dB). However, this impact would be mild because the pipeline route follows the
already disturbed belt along the MCH and most of the operational traffic flow will be
based on this highway. Nevertheless, the likelihood of this impact is possible; and the
consequence of this impact has been termed moderate. The overall risk is evaluated at a
moderate rank.
Noise and Air quality Impacts

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The ambient air quality and noise levels must be monitored according to monitoring
plan given in the EMMP;
The operations equipment, workforce and vehicles will be kept away from the
sensitive habitats of the native animals of HNP (refer figures given in
Construction phase impacts);
The noise levels and ambient air quality of the operation activity and vehicles will
be in compliance with the NEQS; and
this impact will be reduced to a low value.

Impact due to Pipeline Blast


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Mitigation
BVs (26) will be closed upstream and downstream of the section where a pressure
drop has been detected due to a rupture, as per field data continuously collected and
monitored by SCADA;
their use; and
Land Use
The pipeline runs through this segment in the north of a wetland named Miani Hor (RD
490 RD 519) which is also a RAMSAR Site, home to various indigenous species of
mangroves. There exists a buffer of 3-6 km between the pipeline route and the wetland.
Like Kalmat Khor, Sea water gushes into the Miani Hor wetland during high tides and
drains out during the low tides, transforming it in a brackish water resource. Numbers of
non-perennial streams also feed fresh water into the wetland including; Phor Nai, Chank
Dhora and Chharaar Dhora etc. and help to create a perfect environment for mangroves
forest growth. Water ponds were also identified along the pipeline in this segment and
the pipeline passes through the water ponds at RD 546.
Mostly the area is flat and barren and pipeline also crosses a desert in this section from
RD 468 to RD 479. There are also a few agricultural fields in this segment. The
vegetation density present in this area is approximately 20% to 35% with relatively more
density around RDs 486, 487, 515-520, 548 and 554. Most of this vegetation occurs
along the banks of streams, nullahs and moist places. This segment comprises of a few
hotels, shops, waiting rooms, filling station and a wind mill (RD 509). There is also a
proposed Contractors camp to be developed at (RD 525) with an associated dump site
(RD 525). A pigging station (PS5) has also been proposed at (RD 554). The construction
activities, traffic frequency and hydro testing of the pipeline may induce a few adverse
impacts on these vital land resources although the likelihood of these impacts is very
rare. The consequences of any negative impacts will be moderate. Thus the overall
significance is assessed to be of a low severity.

Land Impacts due to Construction Activities

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Barren and waste land will be preferred for establishing contractors facilities;
access to the site;
ROW should be reinstated post construction to fit as close as possible to the actual
landscaping;
Where necessary, and in consultation with the landowners/user, access points will be
provided to allow safe passage across the COI;
If any agricultural land is acquired as borrow area for ROW than the top soil will be
kept on site and reinstated back at the completion of the project activities; and
Soil Erosion
During construction activities in this segment soil erosion may occur at a few places due
to clearing of vegetation (RDs 485, 494, 500, and 509), earth works, excavation, and
trenching, levelling, movement of construction vehicles outside designated tracks and
inadequate drainage arrangements. Topsoil and stockpiling can lead to destruction of
soil structures, soil nutrients, vegetation and encourage wind and water erosion.
Stockpiles are prone to erosion especially during construction period which can also lead
to loss of available topsoil for reinstatement to the trench line. Sub-soil compaction can
impede root development growth, which can be of high importance in the agricultural
areas where gas pipeline corridor is used for crop cultivation. Soil erosion if uncontrolled
can pose various threats such as integrity of the pipeline, environmental impacts on the
surrounding land and negative impacts on agricultural productivity patterns. The
likelihood of this impact carries a possible value. The consequence of this impact has
been given a moderate value as the movement of heavy machinery would initiate the soil
degradation impact. The overall risk severity is assessed to be moderate value.

Soil Erosion (Excavation, Levelling, Clearing of Vegetation)

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To minimize erosion potential of stockpiled topsoil, stockpiles will be stabilized by
physical coverings, hydro mulching and stored for minimum possible period to
prevent any wind or water erosion being triggered;
Top-soils will be stored away from vegetation and sub-soil in order to maximize
recovery for re-spreading and minimize erosion;
Utilization of existing roads and access tracks where applicable, restricting vehicles
parking to designated parking areas, preventing parking under trees to avoid root soil
zone compaction and protection of stockpiles from construction traffic impacts;
Consider best management practice for rehabilitation of COI, protection of soil
structures (refer EMMP);
Use of Rip Rap, Gabions, sand bags etc. wherever necessary by the SCs;
Provision of proper drainage at water crossings to allow diversion of run-offs to
natural drains;
Proper contouring, application of slope breakers, where run-off may travel along the
pipeline route;
Minimize removal of vegetation and undertake new plantation to stabilize slopes;
Excavating and cutting slopes will be carefully designed so it does not trigger land
sliding; and
Strains on the Existing Transport Infrastructure
Whenever a project of high magnitude is planned to be developed through a terrain,
there are always consequences on the local road network and a burden on existing
traffic influx. In case of IP gas pipeline, while it travels through this segment, there are
various activities and proposed facilities which can impact the local road infrastructure.
To begin with, there is a proposed contractors camp (RD 525) and an associated dump
site to be developed at (RD 525). The construction activities for preparation of pipeline
ROW and Contractors camp will restrict the movement of local traffic flows, while
crossing MCH at (RD 546), Regional Cooperation Development Highway (RCD) at (RD
551), followed by Winder-Sandh road (RD 550) which can be affected under excessive
stress during the construction phase due to a high frequency of Project Trucks
transporting equipment and pipes to storage sites and contractor camp. This frequency
could range from 30 to 150 trucks in total to the project site from Gwadar and Karachi
Ports during construction stage. For example each truck will be carrying 3 pipes, with
load on each truck varying between 15 to 20 tons depending upon the wall thickness of
the pipes. The weight of truck load; if more than 50 tons (NHA Road safety guidelines)
may rupture or damage the structural integrity of RCD, existing roads or MCH
periodically. The likelihood of this impact carries a possible value. The consequence of
this impact has been given a moderate value as the excavation activities will interfere
with the local traffic flows within the (+/- 200m) corridor of interest. Therefore the overall
risk severity of this impact is flagged as moderate.

Access Issues for Local traffic due to ROW

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SCs and EPC Contractor should prepare and implement Traffic Management Plan
during construction phase;
NHA to accord approval for movement of heavy machinery and perform regular
checks on the weights of the trucks;
EPC contractor to coordinate with the concerned office of NHA before transportation
of material especially pipes;
Sign posts will be erected along the road crossings to guide the local and project
traffic towards diversions, project traffic timings, alternative routes, load restrictions
and speed limits;
Trucks and heavy vehicles to use regulatory tire pressure on roads as per NHA
instructions to ensure safe driving on MCH and existing roads;
This impact can also be minimized through attempting to deliver raw materials during
off-peak timings to avoid extra stress on the existing roads;
All the relevant measures to be adopted as prescribed in previous segments; and
Impacts on Surface water Resources
During construction work there are chances of negative impacts on Miani Hor water
quality (Chemical composition parameters, TDS, TSS, DO, Turbidity etc.) and other
surface water resources within this segment such as Phor Nai Nullah (RD 479), Titian
Nai (RD 539) and many other water streams and ponds at (RDs 515 (Chank Dhora), 521
(Chharaar Dhora), 527, 529, 531, 534-535 (Lasra Dhora stream), 542, 543, 544, 546,
548 and so on) by accidental spills, potential unauthorized dumping of solid and liquid
waste by the Contractors camp (RD 525)/ Dumping site (RD 525).
The Miani Hor wetland is a classified RAMSAR site, the pipeline crosses closest to this
wetland at RDs 490 - RD 519, which makes it vulnerable to any domestic waste
disposal, chemical leaks etc. Moreover, wastewater which will be generated during the
construction stage from the construction camp at RD 525 (Main Camp Area = 8.9
Hectares) (workers strength, 500-600), Dump site (RD 525) and Pigging station (RD
554) may contaminate the ponds and streams in this segment and subsequently end up
affecting the downstream eco-system and the aesthetics of this wetland which is home to
a protected mangroves forest aquatic life and active waterfowl visiting resource. The
likelihood of this impact carries a likely value. The consequence of this impact has been
given a high value. The overall risk significance for this impact is assessed to be of a
high rating.

Changes to Wetland water quality due to contamination (Illegal waste dumping,
Leaks)

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EPC Contractor should adopt a Waste Management Plan;
Chemicals and Oil based materials will be stored away from the wetland in a covered
impermeable area;
Spill kits/ absorbents/ safety tools will be available on site at all times to handle and
contain any accidental spills;
Heavy vehicles used for disposal of waste should be water tight and enclosed to
prevent potential leaks;
Good housekeeping practices will be applied for the handling of solid and liquid
waste within the project corridor of interest;
Miani Hor will be protected from any spills or contamination through good
SC and HSE department of EPC contractor;
The waste water will be released to natural water ways only after necessary
treatment;
Treated effluent will be tested on regular basis before discharge to water bodies to
ensure it meets relevant NEQS (inland waters) standards;
Illegal dumping of domestic waste will be prohibited around the wetland; and
Impact to Wildlife (Noise, Air, Construction Camps)
The biodiversity cycle can never be completed without different species of fauna thriving
within it. Miani Hor is a large shallow sea bay and estuarine system with low-lying islands
and extensive mangrove swamps and intertidal mud flats, separated from the adjacent
Sonmiani Bay in the Arabian Sea by a broad peninsula of sand dunes. It has an area of
55,000 ha and supports a wide range of biodiversity. More than 20,000 birds
representing 52 species usually visit Sonmiani/Miani Hor in winters. The commonly
found mammals in this region of Miani Hor (RD 490- RD 519) are Jackals, rats, squirrels,
rabbits and porcupines; most of which can be found near the shore and the protected
mangroves forests of Miani Hor. The migratory water birds highlighted who visit this area
include Grebes, Pelicans, Cormorants, Flamingos, Egrets, Storks, Cranes, Shore birds,
Gulls and Herons. The high magnitude movements of heavy machinery, motor vehicles
and waste effluents from Construction camp (RD 525) (Main Camp Area = 8.9 Hectares)
plus dumping site operational activities (RD 525) (Area = 6 Hectares) will significantly
contribute to the ambient gaseous, dust and noise emissions (>85 dB reference NEQS
2000) potentially disturbing the fauna in the region. Moreover, the workers (500-600) at
the construction site and contractors camp may get involved in hunting or pouching of
the animals, birds and collection of the protected turtles eggs near the sea-shore. Use of
Fuel-wood by the camp workers could also pose a threat to the habitats of various
animals and birds thriving in this segment. Although the impact on birds is largely
minimized by their ability to mobilize i.e. fly to a different location in case of a threat.
Meanwhile the diverse underwater aquatic life thriving within the wetland and eventually
the one in Arabian Sea could also be severely impacted in the event of uncontrolled
waste water discharge and site effluents during construction phase in this patch (490 -
519). The likelihood of this impact carries a likely value. The consequence of this impact
has been given a high value. Therefore the overall risk severity of this impact is flagged
as high.
Disturbance to Aquatic and wildlife

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Ambient air, noise and water quality levels will be monitored to comply with NEQS
(refer EMMP);
The construction equipment will be properly maintained;
Noise mufflers will be installed in the vehicles;
Wastewater should be treated before discharge to the water bodies;
The wetland and surrounding sea shore habitats will be declared off-limits for the
project vehicles and workforce. Trespassing into the wetland boundaries will be
prohibited and violators will be fined;
Hunting, shooting, trapping killing or capturing of any wild animal or bird will be
strictly prohibited;
Awareness campaigns to be carried out for all construction workers to protect and
avoid killing such animals/birds;
Anyone found removing the vegetation or fuel wood will be penalized;
All relevant measures to be adopted as given in segment (0-180); and
Soil Degradation
Soil contamination in this segment can be an issue during operation and maintenance
period. The main reasons for this soil degradation could be poor housekeeping,
insufficient drainage, non-compliance of HSE protocols or any uncontrolled accidental
leaks and spills from storage tanks, vessels, vehicles etc. Other than this soil
degradation will not be a significant issue along the pipeline route in this segment. The
likelihood of this impact is rare; the consequence of this impact has been assigned a
moderate value. The overall significance of this impact is evaluated as low.

Impacts on the Soil

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The pipeline will be regularly checked for any leaks or malfunctions;
Adequate bunds will be provided to the storage tanks and drip trays will be installed
under the operational heavy traffic transporting materials/equipment;
Instructions on MSDS Sheets must be followed for storage of Oil/Grease, Chemicals
etc.;
HSE Protocols to be practiced by the SC; and
impact will be reduced to a very low value or insignificant.
Impacts on Local Water Resources
The operation phase of the pipeline will not cause any significant adverse impacts on the
local water resources (surface) as it will be buried 3 m under the ground. The only risk to
the water quality of local water resources i.e. ponds, non-perennial streams and Miani
Hor, could be presented in the event of a pipeline spill or leaks especially at the
crossings of streams and BVS 17 located at RD 495, also the repairing activities may
deteriorate the water quality of streams and disposal of any resulting waste from BVS.
The likelihood of this impact is rare as best management practices will be enforced by
the EPC contractor; the consequence of this activity could be high but it will be on a
temporary basis. The overall risk severity of this impact is calculated to be low.

Changes in water quality (Contamination, Spills, leaks)

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Certain
Mitigation
Effective Project Management measures will be undertaken to properly manage the
waste/spills; (refer EMMP);
A Waste Management Plan will be implemented to reduce any adverse impacts on
water quality of local streams, ponds and the wetland;
Maintain good housekeeping to avoid any accidental spill or leaks;
Adequate coating of the pipeline to be done to avoid any leaks during operations;
Compliance with NEQS for any liquid discharge to inland water;
Continuous monitoring of the pipeline during operation to detect any unexpected
leaks or malfunctions;
Waste or spills will be captured prior to reaching the waterways, wetland water or the
Arabian ocean;
Protection of ponds and streams from any unnecessary contamination;
Provision of treatment of any kind of waste from BVS 17; and


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their use; and
Impacts on Wildlife, Mangroves and Waterfowl
The interlocking roots of mangroves plant stop river-borne sediments from coursing out
to the sea, and their trunks and branches serve as a post that diminishes the erosive
power of sea waves, two of the main reasons this protected forest of Miani Hor is highly
prone to extinction are a lack of fresh water and a growing population. The IP gas
pipeline operation phase is not expected to cause any adverse impacts to the wildlife,
mangroves and birds of the Miani Hor (RD 490- RD 519) wetland located at 3-6 km
away from the pipeline. Moreover the pipeline will be buried 3 m underground hence any
chance of negative impacts is negligible. However, In case of any spills or leakage of the
pipeline or accidents encountered during operations traffic, impact to the protected
species of mangroves, aquatic life, migratory and indigenous water fowls of this
RAMSAR wetland will be significant due to a decline in the water quality of their natural
habitat. Furthermore, the operational staff may get involved in hunting and pouching of
animals and birds. The likelihood of this impact remains rare; but the consequence of
such an impact is relatively high. Thus overall risk severity is assigned a low significance.
Disturbance to Wildlife and Waterfowl

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The safety bunding of hazardous waste storage tanks/vehicles will be provided to
avoid any accidental spills;
Regular monitoring of the wetland water quality will be conducted to prevent any
induced negative effects on the mangroves and waterfowl (refer to EMMP);
Illegal cutting of trees for fuel-wood must be prohibited;
Hunting and pouching of animals by the operational staff will be prohibited, any
offenders/violators will be fined;
All other general mitigation measures mentioned in the previous segments are also
valid for this section; and
Land Use
At 600 km, route enters into Kirthar mountain ranges, traverses along Dureji Game
Reserve (RD 615); then pipeline enters into Sindh Province, by-passing KNP from RD
650 - RD700 and reaches Amri forest (RD 722). The land in this segment is mainly
comprised of high cliffs, ridges and steep hills., Among others some of the locations of
these cliffs and hills are at (RDs 570, 626, 637, 656, and 672). A major perennial river in
this segment is Hub River. The pipeline crosses the river at (RDs 618, 621 and 628).
Other major streams of the area are Winder Nai (RD 583) and Bandni Nai (RD 690) both
of these streams are non-perennial. There are potential scattered settlements and
agricultural community areas situated between RD 632 to RD 679 on either side of
pipeline COI. There is also a government school located at RD 625 and possibly a rig at
RD 635. There are numerous Construction camps and Dump sites proposed along the
pipeline route in this segment of the project. The locations selected for four construction
camps are situated near north-west of Shah Noorani Darbar at (RD 583), Dureji (RD
631) and near amri village (RD 722). The locations of associated Dump sites are at
(RDs 583, 631 and 722). There would be about a thousand pipes transported to these
sites; each of the dump sites will cover an area of approximately 6 hectares. This
temporary yet land intensive activity is bound to cause a few negative impacts on the
available land in this segment. The likelihood of such adverse effects is given a possible
value; the consequence of this impact would be high as livelihoods may be directly
disrupted. The overall severity has thus been assigned a moderate rating.

Impact on Land Use (construction camps/dump sites activities)

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The land selected for EPC contractor facilities will be away from built up areas;
The land selected for Construction camps and dump sites will be preferably a waste
barren area;
ROW should be reinstated post construction to fit as close as possible to the actual
landscaping;
No agricultural land will be acquired for borrow areas and for establishment of EPC
contractors facilities;
The land will be acquired through proper consultation with local community;
Adequate compensation must be paid to the private and local land owners; and
Impacts on Soil
The ridges, steep hills (RD 570) and high cliffs of Dureji Game Reserve (RD 631) and
area north of KNP form the habitat, grazing and resting places of the protected and
endangered species like Sindh Ibex, Chinkara gazelle and Urial. The soils in this
segment are mainly comprised of Eocene Limestone and marine shales, Fossiliferous
Limestone (Nari Formation), Grey fossiliferous Limestone, Lakhi Limestone, Sandstone
with Shale and thin limestone, Cretaceous Rocks, Jurassic and Cretaceous Rocks. (All
of these require blasting for ROW preparation). The construction activities for preparation
of ROW and Construction camps at (RDs 583, 631 and 722) with associated Dump sites
at (RDs 583, 631 and 722) near these natural habitats including excavation, levelling,
trenching, blasting and backfilling of the surface, movement of heavy machinery/motor
vehicles, exposure of top soil stock piles to wind and moisture could trigger a damaging
impact to the soil (erosion). The activity of Blasting near ridges and cliffs, if not
controlled, can potentially destroy the habitats of Ibex, Urials and Chinkara gazelles. In
case of soil erosion, loss of nutrients, the rehabilitation (re-spreading) of ROW process
could also get hampered at a later stage (post-construction). The likelihood of such an
occurrence is certain; the consequence of this impact may prove to be moderate. The
overall severity of the risk is assigned a high value.

Soil Erosion (Excavation, Levelling, Blasting)

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The construction activities will be kept at a fair distance from these natural habitats;
Provision of fences and crossing points (in animals grazing areas) to minimize the
risk of Ibex Urials or Chinkaras getting trapped in the trench;
Daily inspection of trench for trapped animals to ensure their safe escape;
Excavating and cutting of slopes will be carefully done in order to minimize soil
erosion and land sliding;
Topsoil stockpiles to be stabilized by physically covering properly and hydro mulching
to prevent wind or water erosion, to be re-spread afterwards;
Undertake new plantation to stabilize the slopes in the area;
Blasting will be avoided wherever possible to minimize damage to these species or
controlled blasting should be done;
Drivers will be provided with maps and GPS positioning devices;
Any injury to a wildlife animal will be dealt with properly and urgently;
Consider Best Management Practices by SCs and EPC Contractor for rehabilitation
of COI and protection of soil structures (refer EMMP);
All other relevant mitigation measures as mentioned in previous segment are valid for
this segment too; and
Strains on Transport Infrastructure (existing roads, railway tracks)
Whenever a project of high magnitude is planned to be developed through a territory,
there are always a cost on the local road network and a burden on existing traffic influx.
In case of IP gas pipeline, while it travels through this section, there are various activities
and proposed services which can impact the local road infrastructure. To begin with,
there are three proposed Contractors camps to be developed at (RDs 583, 631 and
722). The construction activities for preparation of pipeline ROW and Contractors camp
will restrict the movement of local traffic flows, while crossing Sehwan-Badu Jabbal road,
Hub-Dureji road (RD 623 RD 663) and Bhit Plant airport road (RD 666 - RD 680)
(which would be affected under excessive stress during the construction phase due to a
high volume of Project Trucks transporting equipment and pipes to storage sites and
Contractor camp. This frequency could range from 30 to 150 trucks in total to the project
site from Karachi Port during construction stage. For example each truck will be carrying
3 pipes, with load on each truck varying between 15 to 20 tons depending upon the wall
thickness of the pipes. The weight of truck load; if more than 50 tons (NHA Road safety
guidelines) may rupture or damage the structural integrity of these roads. The likelihood
of this impact carries a possible value. The consequence of this impact has been given a
moderate value as the excavation activities will interfere with the local traffic flows within
the (+/- 200m) corridor of interest. Therefore the overall risk severity of this impact is
flagged as moderate.

Disruptions to Transport Infrastructure (Roads)

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All relevant measures given in segment 6 are also valid for this section; and
The construction activities may cause some adverse impacts on the native water
streams, small lake, springs and stagnant ponds in the Dureji Game Reserve. Impacts to
the water bodies may be caused by construction of river and streams crossings as well
as run-off from adjacent activities. During the construction phase the Hub River (RD
618), Winder Nullah, Naing Nai Nullah and Bandni Nai Nullah at (RDs 583, 688 and 690)
respectively and many others may be threatened by the risk of contamination by
construction activities, Contractor camps discharge (RD 583 mini, RD 631 mini, RD 722
main) (Mini Camp Area = 4 Hectares, Main Camp Area = 8.9 Hectares), hydrostatic
testing and associated dumping site (RDs 583, 631 and 722) (Area= 6 Hectares)
effluents. The degree of impact will depend on the volume of water in a watercourse,
construction methods employed and the stability of waterway beds and banks. Direct or
Indirect release of Suspended solids/sediments in a waste stream may also impact on
the function and integrity of a watercourse. The likelihood of these impacts is possible;
the consequence of these impacts would be moderate as these water resources are the
most precious resource for sustaining human and wildlife of the Game Reserve and rest
of the area. Thus overall risk severity is evaluated to be moderate.

Changes to water bodies/stagnant ponds/non-perennial streams

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Hub River and other streams will be protected from any spills or contamination
through good housekeeping practices, special measures and effective monitoring
(refer EMMP) by SCs and HSE department of EPC contractor;
Water crossings to be constructed during dry seasons to minimize impacts (erosion)
and safety of construction equipment;
Development of methods to maintain and control water flow during pipeline
construction;
Establishment of appropriate stabilization and scour prevention measures;
A Waste Management Plan to be implemented and executed by the EPC Contractor
to achieve compliance targets;
EPC Contractor to adjust the specified corridor (+/- 200m) to avoid damage to water
ponds and other water bodies;
Necessary measures need to be taken to ensure the discharge of effluents into these
precious resources is regularly tested, treated and in compliance with the NEQS;
Storage of stockpiles of Topsoil away from all the watercourses (rivers, streams);
Prohibition of fuel re-fuelling within 10m of a watercourse;
The waste streams resulting from the construction activities must be treated before
being discharged into the local water bodies;
All general mitigations measures of water resources from previous sections are also
valid for this segment; and
Impact on Ground Water Resources
Groundwater is available only at few places in this segment. Sweet groundwater source
is available at Dureji town near RD 630. Wells are the common source of groundwater
around Dureji and near Indus River. The groundwater is utilized for domestic and
agriculture purposes. Ground water is very deep along the pipeline in this segment
except in the area close to the banks of River Indus (Amri Town). The extraction of
ground water through newly drilled wells, tube well or hand pumps for the construction
activities of the pipeline construction, Contractors camp sites (RD 580 mini, RD 632
mini, RD 670 mini and RD 720 main) and to meet the subsequent daily demand of
workforce might pose a danger to the water quality of the local existing wells and the
native groundwater table overall. During the route survey, numerous groundwater well
resources were found out in this segment e.g. at (RDs 608, 637) which are used by the
local folk for their daily needs. Also the hydrostatic testing discharge, water supply for
hydro-testing process and release of hydrostatic wastewater, oil or chemical spills may
contribute to deterioration in the groundwater quality. Moreover, there can be a potential
reduction in the availability of water for riparian vegetation along the streams and rivers
due to excessive abstraction of groundwater. The likelihood of this impact is possible if it
goes without any monitoring or planning; the consequence of this impact is moderate as
water is the most precious life sustaining resource for the village community of the area.
The overall significance of this impact is tagged as moderate.

Changes to groundwater resources

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Locals will be given a priority on water rights;
Extraction of new wells will be conducted within or close to the confined area of the
camp site;
Disposal of hydrostatic testing wastewater must not cause damage to groundwater
resources quality;
Ground water resources will be protected from any spills or contamination through
good housekeeping practices, special measures and effective monitoring (refer
EMMP) by SCs and HSE department of EPC contractor;
All NOCs, approvals will be obtained prior to installation of new tube wells;
Water restrictions will be applied on the site workers;
All relevant mitigation measures for water resources as given in previous segments
are also valid here; and
Air and Noise Impacts
According to the WB a maximum noise level of 85dB (A) should be maintained, Noise
levels exceeding 80dB (A) should be clearly marked. The pipeline construction phase
may prompt some direct and indirect adverse impacts on the ambient air quality of the
Dureji Game Reserve (RD 615). The construction activities such as excavation,
trenching and blasting for ROW preparation along with Project motor vehicles and heavy
machinery roaming along the Game Reserve for the purpose of transporting equipment
to Contractors camps (RDs 583, 631 and 722) and earth works can contribute
significantly to dust emissions (PM
2.5
, PM
10
), carbon dioxide and increased noise levels (>
85dB) in the area, which may scare away the wildlife (Ibex, Urials and Chinkara
gazelles). However, this impact would be moderate as the pipeline route follows the
already disturbed belt along the Dureji road and most of the construction traffic flow will
be based on this track. Nevertheless, the likelihood of this impact is possible; and the
consequence of this impact has been termed moderate. The overall risk is evaluated at a
moderate rank.

Noise and Air quality Impacts

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The ambient air quality and noise levels must be monitored according to monitoring
plan given in the EMMP;
Speed limits and Sign posts (indicating wildlife presence) should be erected and
proper measures should be enforced to minimize dust and noise emissions;
The construction equipment, machinery, workforce and vehicles will be kept away
from the sensitive habitats of the native animals of DGR;
Workers should be provided with hearing protection and protective glasses;
Regular spray of water should be conducted by the EPC Contractor to suppress dust
emissions during construction activities;
The noise levels and ambient air quality of the operation activity will be kept in
compliance with the NEQS by the SCs and HSE of EPC Contractor;
All relevant measures for noise and air given in the previous segment are also
applicable in this segment; and
Impact on Dureji Game Reserve
Game Reserves are an important and integral part of the eco-system and refer to a place
that provides protection from hunting, predation or competition. Dureji is among one of
the important game reserves of Pakistan. It exhibits a very harsh climate with little rainfall
and poor soil conditions. The tract contains wildlife especially species like Sindh Ibex,
Urial and Chinkara gazella. Eagles and Houbara Bustard (migratory) are spotted in this
reserve. Other wildlife includes reptiles Marsh Crocodile, Foxes, Jackals, Ducks, felons,
vultures and Pelicans. The pipeline enters Dureji in this segment at (RD 615.5).
However, it is worth mentioning here that the pipeline will mostly follow Dureji road,
which is already a permanently disturbed area, hence the project will have far lesser
impacts on this Game reserve. Nevertheless, carrying out construction activities such as
excavation, levelling, trenching, blasting, subsequent Noise pollution, movement of
vehicles and resulting dust emissions within the Game reserve will cause considerable
negative impacts on the wildlife habitat in terms of forcing them away from their feeding
and breeding areas i.e. steep cliffs and vertical ridges. Moreover, the workforce residing
(workers strength, 300-500) at the Contractor camp (RD 631) and Dump site (RD 631)
may get involved in hunting and pouching of these endangered wildlife species. The
likelihood of this impact is likely; the consequence of this impact will be high. The overall
risk assessment of this impact is assigned a high value.
Disturbances to Wildlife

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Although most of the species mentioned above are important feature of Dureji Game
Reserve, but Urial, Chinkara and Ibex are the most important ones with some details as
mentioned below;
Chinkara (Gazella bennettii):
The Proposed pipeline route crosses through the lower hilly end of Dureji Game
Reserve, which offers a very good habitat for Chinkara.
Chinkara prefers grasslands, desert areas, woodlands and shrub lands to live. Their diet
includes all types of vegetation. They feed on grass, leaves and wild fruits. They can live
without water for longer period of time.
Chinkara do not have specific time for breeding. However, autumn and spring season
are preferred as mating period for Gazelles. Five and a half months is usually the
gestation period for the species. After a period of six months, the female gazelles give
birth to one or two new born, which is kept hidden in the grasses for days and it may long
for weeks too and then it is taken care by its mother, until the breed get moved by its
own and able to get under its mother's herd. In Pakistan, the rut appears it occur in two
seasons, one lasting from the end of monsoon up to early October and again in the late
Spring from March to the end of April. The births occur mainly in April. The construction
activities in these months may affect the reproduction of Chinkara.
Hunting has been the most significant threat for Chinkara and that has reduced a great
number declining the population count. Chinkara feed on grass, leaves and wild fruits so
clearing of land & cutting of vegetation may result in loss of food for Chinkara.
Mitigation
Same as given for HNP in segment 5; and
Sindh Ibex
The Proposed pipeline route crosses through the Dureji Game Reserve, which offers a
very good habitat for Ibex.
Ibex prefers to live in mountainous ranges. Ibexes usually limit themselves to precipitous
rocks, cliffs, and steep ravines, and generally avoid grazing in open areas, to escape
predators and avoid human interference. They graze the leaves and bushes as well as
small shrubs.
Ibex is most active during the early morning and late afternoon, lying in the shade of
rocks during midday. Ibex are strong jumpers and sure-footed climbers, which allows
them to move with ease in their mountainous abode. During the winter, they are found at
medium elevations on steep faces usually facing south. As the warm weather
approaches, they follow the receding snowline up the mountains to the highest part of
their habitat. Here they spend late spring, summer, and autumn. The construction
activities may affect the Ibex habits especially during the winters.
The ibex feeds during the night in the highest woods that grow on the mountains; but as
soon as the sun rises it begins to climb, eating the grass or whatever it finds, till it has got
up where it is too high for trees to grow. They go in small companies of eight or ten, and
lie down in sunny places among the rocks while the sun is hot; but about three or four
o'clock in the afternoon they begin to go down again towards the woods. They can climb
up rather more easily than they can get down, because their fore-legs are shorter than
the others.
According to their general ecological behaviour, the rutting season of ibex starts from
mid-August and ends before the first week of September. Young Ibex are born during
mid-January to the end of the March, exceptionally unto mid-April. The construction
activities may affect the rutting behaviour of Ibex.
As the pipeline route from RD 631 to RD 698, passes through an area which is an
attractive place for Ibex for feeding and dwelling purposes.
Mitigation
Same as those given for HNP in Segment 5; and
Urial (Ovis orientalis)
The Proposed pipeline route crosses through the Dureji Game Reserve, providing some
good habitats for Urials.
Its habitat is on grassy slopes below the timberline. Urials inhabit the gentler slopes of
the mountains and often prefer areas that may be highly desirable for grazing domestic
livestock. This includes terrain that is gently to steeply rolling, but not overly precipitous.
The gentle slopes that Urials prefer are usually accessible to humans and the animals
are thus subject to persecution and high competition with livestock.
Urial feeds mainly on grass, it can eat leaves of trees and bushes if the necessity arises.
It is rarely seen in rocky mountain patches.
The mating season begins in September. They then pick 4 or 5 ewes, each of which
gives birth to a lamb after a gestation of five months.
As the pipeline route from RD 631 to RD 698, passes through an area which is an
attractive place for Urials for feeding and dwelling purposes.
Mitigation
Same as for HNP in Segment 5; and
Impact on Kirthar National Park
KNP is the second largest national park of Pakistan with an area of 3087 km
2
located in
the Kirthar mountain ranges, north-west of Karachi district. The park has an outstanding
natural beauty and cultural resources, providing a rich habitat for a variety of mammals,
birds and reptiles. The proposed pipeline alignment passes outside the KNP near its
edge of north western boundary (RD 660) but does not cross it. The area immediately
south of the pipeline route is declared as a National Park. Interestingly, the biodiversity in
the north of the park is lower than the southern end. Construction activities i.e.
excavation, levelling, trenching, backfilling and blasting including project traffic influx
(Noise and Dust emissions) could adversely impact on forage and breeding habitat
(grasslands, ridges and cliffs) of wildlife including rare and vulnerable species like Sindh
Ibex, Chinkara Gazella and Urial along with other species such as Hog Deer, stripped
Hyenas, Wolf, Jungle Cat. These animals depend on these grasslands, ridges and cliffs
for their forage, breeding and nesting places. There is also a proposed Contractors
camp to be developed at (RD 631), the workforce (300-500) can also get involved in
killing, hunting or shooting of these animals. As the pipeline crosses outside the northern
boundary of KNP and though the biodiversity presence is lower in this region but the
likelihood of the construction activities impact is possible as these ungulates can roam
out of the Park boundaries at times; the consequence however if imparted by these
impacts due to construction of pipeline has been assigned a moderate rating as the
damage to vulnerable wildlife will be irreparable. However, the overall severity of the risk
for these species is evaluated to be moderate due to the bypass of KNP.
Noise and Dust Emissions, Disturbance to Wildlife

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EPC Contractor to carefully readjust the ROW within +/- 200m COI with the aim to
avoid damage to forage, agricultural area;
By-pass KNP from outside the northern boundry;
Construction activities will follow the st/rict project management protocols to minimize
any damage to the wildlife;
Construction will be avoided during the breeding/rutting seasons of the ungulates
(August to October- March to April);
Awareness campaigns to be carried out for all construction workers to protect and
avoid killing such animals unnecessarily;
Noise and dust levels will be constantly monitored and complied with NEQS
throughout construction phase (refer EMMP);
Movement of project vehicles, machinery and equipment will be strictly confined to
the access roads with a maximum speed of 30km/h;
All other measures to be adopted as given in segment 5; and
Impact on Vegetation
The construction of pipeline in Dureji Game Reserve (RD 615) is bound to cause
negative impacts on the local floral resources i.e. trees, vegetation, shrubs
(approximately 632 in numbers) and agricultural areas lying close to or within the
pipeline (+/- 200m) COI. The presence of scattered plus dense vegetation is identified at
(RDs 622, 628, 630, 634, 635, 689) whereas some agricultural fields were found at (RDs
628, 631, 632, 634, 652, 687 and 720). The clearance and removal of this native
vegetation and trees for the preparation of ROW and Contractors camp (RD 631 mini)
(Mini Camp Area = 4 Hectares) will be inevitable. The likelihood of this impact is given a
possible value as most of these green areas come under the pipeline ROW; the
consequence of this impact carries a moderate effect. Thus overall severity of this impact
is calculated to be moderate.

Cutting of Trees and Vegetation Clearance

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Mitigation
Every tree cut on site for preparation of pipeline ROW must be replaced with planting
minimum three trees;
Relocation of rare species of vegetation and plants will be carefully transferred to
suitable nearby areas;
Cutting of trees for fuel wood by the workers will be prohibited;
EPC Contractor to carefully re-adjust the ROW within +/-200m COI with the aim to
avoid damage to forage, trees, agricultural fields etc; and
Soil Degradation
Same as for Segment 1 (0-180km)
During the operational phase of the pipeline project there are very few impacts
anticipated on the water resources of Dureji Game reserve and this segment on a whole.
As the pipeline will be buried 3m underground, the potential for any negative impacts on
the water resources will be very little. However, in the possible event of a gas pipeline
leak or accidental spill disturbances to the small surface water ponds, Hub river (RDs
619, 621 and 628) and non-perennial streams like Naing Nai Nullah (RD 688), and
Bandni Nai Nullah (RD 690) may be caused due to operation and maintenance crew,
motor vehicles traffic reaching the damaged pipeline area for repair works. Also the
repairing activities at BVS 19-23 (RDs 583, 600, 633, 668 and 699) may deteriorate the
water quality of streams and Hub River due to disposal of waste from BVS. The
likelihood of this impact is possible; the consequence of any impacts could be tagged
very high. The overall risk assessment is assigned a moderate rating.

Disturbances to Water resources

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Mitigation
Same as given in the previous segment for water resources; and
Impact on Dureji and surrounding of KNP (Wildlife)
The operations period of the Iran Pakistan gas pipeline is not expected to cause any
significant impacts on the Dureji Game reserve or in the surroundings of KNP. However,
the noise and dust emissions coming out of the project operational vehicles could scare
away the wildlife from their habitats, however these animals have a tendency to return
and rehabilitate their original breeding and nesting places after peace is restored.
Hunting, Killing and Poaching could become an attractive hobby of the maintenance
staff, without any strict penalties in place. The likelihood of this impact has been given a
possible value; the consequence of this impact is estimated to be of moderate rating.
Hence, the overall risk severity is evaluated to be moderate.

Noise and Air Disturbance to Wildlife

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Mitigation
The operations vehicles must be directed to follow the designated access roads;
Speed limits (30km/h) will be enforced by the EPC contractor to avoid accidents with
the animals;
The noise and dust emissions from the operational vehicles will be monitored
regularly and minimized according to the NEQS 2000;
Prohibition of feeding, hunting, pouching, firearms and domestic pets from
conservation areas like Dureji Game Reserve and KNP;
All relevant mitigation measures given in the previous segments on wildlife protection
are also valid for this segment; and
Same as given in the Previous Segment 6.
Land use and Construction Safety
Indus is the longest and largest river in Pakistan and life line for countrys agriculture and
hydropower. Total length of the river is about 3,200 km, making it the 25
th
largest river in
the world. The mighty Indus River (RD 723) presents a colossal challenge of
construction activity at the core of its crossings where pipeline crosses the River
between Sukkur and Kotri Barrages near Amri Village (right bank), in this segment.
There is also a risk of construction phase colliding with the high flooding period of
monsoon season (July to September) which can cause significant delays and extra
costs. After due considerations, given the technical, economical and environmental
concerns of an underground (below river bed) structure, risk of delayed schedules and
exposure to flood seasons, an above ground level pipeline construction through open cut
and built on piles crossing has been proposed. The construction will be carried out
during the dry season. This activity will be conducted by a special team. There is also a
Main Construction camp (Area 8.9 Hectares) to be built in this segment near the Amri
forest (RD 722). Furthermore, Amri Town (RD 720) has a few agricultural fields and
houses, the Amri forest is barren and already in a degraded condition (due to excessive
tree cutting and damage by high floods); which may be affected due to the construction
of the pipeline in this segment. The likelihood of this impact is possible; the consequence
of the impact could amount to moderate. The overall risk severity is assessed to be
moderate.

Land Use and Construction Safety Impacts

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Mitigation
Barren and waste land should be preferred for establishing Contractors facilities such
as the Construction Camp;
To control soil erosion and loss of river bank materials, proper Pitching will be done;
No agricultural land should be acquired for burrow areas or contractor camps;
During construction, the topsoil stockpiles should be stored away from the River
water and reinstated back properly at the completion of construction activities;
Any protective work on the River banks will be evaluated for backwater effects,
increase velocity, redirection of flow, scour depth and effects;
Indus River crossing is one the most critical section of the pipeline and thus will be
planned with a high priority in consultations with the concerned technical teams; an
above ground level pipeline crossing based on piles on a bridge with an open cut
method has been proposed for minimal impacts to the environment;
Construction to be conducted in dry season to avoid clash with high floods timings;
and;
Whenever a project of high magnitude is planned to be developed through a territory,
there are always a cost on the local road network and a burden on existing traffic influx.
In case of IP gas pipeline, while it travels through this section, there are various activities
and proposed services which can impact the local road infrastructure. To begin with,
there is a proposed Contractors camp (main) to be developed at (RD 722). The
construction activities for preparation of pipeline ROW and Contractors camp will restrict
the movement of local traffic flows, while crossing Indus Highway (RD 722) (which will be
affected under excessive stress during the construction phase due to a high volume of
Project Trucks transporting equipment and pipes to storage sites and Contractor camp.
This frequency could range from 30 to 150 trucks in total to the project site from Karachi
Port during construction stage. For example each truck will be carrying 3 pipes, with load
on each truck varying between 15 to 20 tons depending upon the wall thickness of the
pipes. The weight of truck load; if more than 50 tons (NHA Road safety guidelines) may
rupture or damage the structural integrity of Indus Highway. There is also a Single Track
Railway crossing (RD 722) in this segment which may also disturb the routine railway
traffic during the course of construction stage. The likelihood of this impact carries a
possible value. The consequence of this impact has been given a moderate value as the
excavation activities can interfere with the local traffic flows within the (+/- 200m) corridor
of interest. Therefore the overall risk severity of this impact is flagged as moderate.

Disruptions to Indus Highway and railway traffic

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Mitigation
EPC Contractor to adopt a Traffic Management Plan;
Enforce speed limits (NHA guidelines) and erect sign posts for Project Traffic;
Permits need to be obtained from the relevant authorities (Pakistan Railways/NHA)
prior to construction activities;
Efficient and clear construction methods will be employed to reduce any accidents
risk;
Project traffic to deliver raw materials and equipment during off-peak timings;
Project vehicles to maintain regulatory tire pressures on the roads;
Alternate routes will be provided to ensure free flow of road and rail traffic without
causing any delays;
NHA to accord approval for movement of heavy machinery and check the exact
weights of the trucks;
EPC contractor to coordinate the timings, location and weight load with the
concerned office of NHA before transportation of material especially pipes.
Improve the existing drainage systems under roads to be used by Project Traffic and
carry out repair works for the ones which get damaged;
The project vehicles must be kept away from protected areas of high conservation
and watercourses;
All relevant measures given in segment 6 are also valid for this section; and;
Impacts on River Indus Quality
Impacts to the water bodies or River Indus may be caused by construction of River and
streams crossings as well as run-off from adjacent activities. During the construction
phase of the pipeline project through the Right Bank Outfall Drain (RD 722), and River
Indus (RD 723.6), any accidental spills, leaks or improper waste disposal into the river by
the construction activities or the Contractor camp (RD 722) (Main Camp Area = 8.9
Hectares) sanitary and sewage waste effluents can damage the water quality (Salinity,
COD, TSS, TDS, Turbidity etc.) of water ways and can also be dangerous to the human
communities depending on its water downstream as well as other aquatic life which
survives on it. The degree of impact will depend on the volume of water in a
watercourse, construction methods employed and the stability of waterway beds and
banks. Direct or Indirect release of Suspended solids/sediments in a waste stream may
also impact on the function and integrity of a watercourse i.e. River Indus or its
tributaries. The likelihood of this impact is given a likely value; the consequence of this
impact could be severe thus a high rating. The overall risk severity is calculated to be
high.

Changes to Indus River Water quality

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Mitigation
River Indus will be protected from any spills or contamination through good
SCs and HSE department of EPC contractor;
The effects monitoring will be performed downstream to identify and address any
adverse impacts on the river water quality;
A Waste Management Plan will be implemented and adhered to for compliance;
The EPC Contractor will be liable to follow the NEQS Standards for liquid discharge
to inland waters;
The water extracted for construction activities will be followed with the permission of
the concerned Sindh Irrigation Department and related Authorities;
The waste will be properly tested before being discharged into the river body;
All the oil based materials/chemicals will be stored in the designated bounded area,
away from the river banks to avoid contamination of the River water;
All relevant mitigation measures as given in previous segment for watercourses are
also valid for this segment; and;
Impact on the Wildlife (Noise and Air)
In any large scale project such as Iran Pakistan gas pipeline, neglecting the environment
and native biodiversity can create complications and leave serious implications on the
project area after construction. During the course of construction stage in this segment,
preparation of the work platform area by using excavators (excavation, levelling,
trenching, blasting), dumpers carrying large amounts of borrow materials, big noisy
bulldozers, high intensity generators supporting heavy machinery on site, may cause
some noise impacts; a case of dust emissions (PM
2.5
, PM
10
) from the movement of heavy
vehicles, trucks transporting equipment (pipes) and earth moving machinery to
Contractors camp (RD 722) may also arise near the River Indus (RD 723) crossing. This
can have a negative impact on the fauna of the River Indus and its surrounding areas.
The likelihood of this impact is given a possible value; the consequence of this impact is
moderate. The overall risk severity is estimated to be moderate.

Noise and Air Emissions causing disturbance to Fauna

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Mitigation
All work areas and access roads on site will be regularly watered by water sprinkler
in order to reduce dust levels;
The burning of any kinds of waste or construction materials will not be permitted;
All the project vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators will be kept in a good
working condition to avoid or minimize noise and dust pollution;
The noise and dust emissions levels will be monitored and kept under the limits of
NEQS;
Human activities i.e. bathing, washing etc will be banned in rivers and canals;
All other general mitigations given in the previous segments for wildlife are also valid
for this segment; and;
Impacts on Endangered Blind Dolphins, Birds and Aquatic life
The proposed pipeline passes through many aquatic ecosystem constituents which
include living organisms found in various water bodies i.e. rivers, lagoons, streams and
ponds, but essentially none more important, prominent and sensitive than River Indus, a
habitat of endangered Blind Dolphins (IUCN status). Extensive research has been done
for its protection and a stretch of 170 km between Sukkur and Guddu Barrages has been
declared as reserved for the existing 500 species (WWF). However, the main reasons
behind the decline in population of this indigenous creature range from water pollution,
habitat fragmentation due to barrages, being stranded in canals and hunting. During the
construction stage the obstruction to the movement of classified endangered species of
Indus Blind Dolphin may occur if the pipeline is constructed below the river and this is a
high magnitude impact also for various other aquatic life forms of the river. However, the
gas pipeline has been proposed to be built over the River bed to minimize impacts on the
Blind Dolphins and other fish. Moreover, this region features some of the most amazing
residential and migratory water fowl including Sparrows, Parrots, Pigeons, Partridge,
Quail, little egrets, Mallard and River tern, Tawny Eagle, Shikra, Ring dove, Purple heron
and Houbara bustard. These birds could also be adversely impacted from the extensive
movements and hazardous emissions of machinery and on-site Construction camp work
force (500-600) involving in shooting, killing, hunting, pouching or catching of birds and
fish. The likelihood of this impact is likely; the consequence of this activity will be very
high. The overall risk severity is evaluated to be high.

Potential risk to existence of Endangered Blind Dolphins

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Mitigation
The habitat of the rare Blind Dolphin will be protected at all costs;
Coordination with Sindh Wildlife Department and various NGOs e.g. WWF, IUCN will
be solemnized to stay aware of Dolphins movements in the River and to safeguard
their survival during construction period;
Safe procedures for storage/handling oil and oil products;
To depute contingency measures for accidental spills;
Hunting and pouching of animals, fish and birds will be strictly prohibited; and
Impact on Trees and Vegetation
The protected or reserved forests in this segment include Amri and Nasri forests. Amri
forest reserve has an area of 2833 hectares and is located approximately two km away
from Amri town in Jamshoro. As per field discussion with the Range officer, nearly one
fourth of this forest is on the right bank of Indus, while the remaining is under water or on
the left bank of River Indus. The area through which the pipeline passes through this
forest is (RD 722+400 to RD 723+200) at zero offset from the centreline and is almost
devoid of vegetation. Nasri reserved forest has an area of 2912 hectares and is located
at a distance of 7-8 km from N5 (Indus Hwy) on the left bank of River Indus. It falls on the
pipeline route at (RD 725 to RD 730). Out of its total area, about 60-70% has been
leased out for agriculture. Although these forests are generally already degraded,
however some clearance of vegetation and removal of trees/shrubs may be required for
the pipeline ROW during the construction phase. This could cause disturbance to the
common animals of the area such as Fox, Jackals, Rodents and Lizards. The likelihood
of this impact is likely; but the consequence of this activity is flagged low. Hence, the
overall risk severity is determined to be low significance.

Removal of Trees/Shrubs/Vegetation

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Mitigation
Every tree cut on site will be replaced by plantation of three trees;
The vegetated forest and trees will be avoided as much as possible;
Monitoring to be done according to EMMP;
All relevant measures to be implemented and given in previous segment are also
valid for this section; and
impact will be reduced to reasonably low value.
5.5.14 Operational-Segment 722-732 km
Soil Contamination
Along the pipeline route in this segment, soil contamination will not be a significant issue,
especially during the operational stage of the pipeline. If however, it does occur it will be
solely due to poor housekeeping and non-compliance of HSE Protocols by the operation
and maintenance staff and movement of inspection vehicles on periodic basis. There are
scattered patches of agricultural land in this segment, which is mainly performed on the
recovered area from River Indus. The occurrence of any negative impacts could take
place from a spill or a leak in the pipeline during its operational phase or repair work and
waste discharge at the BVS (RD 730) during maintenance. While the likelihood of such
an activity is rare; the consequence can amount to high as it can severely damage the
soil quality of the agricultural areas of this segment. Thus the overall risk significance has
been estimated to be of a low value.

Soil contamination by pipeline leaks or spills

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Mitigation
Measures are same as for segment 1; and;
impact will be reduced to very low or insiginificant value.
Pipeline Safety Impact
Same as given in Segment 6.
Impacts on River Indus Aquatic life
During the operations stage the operational staff can get involved in killing of Blind
Dolphins or recreational activity of catching other river fish which can negatively affect
the fish population in the River. Apart from this, any contamination (leaks, spills) from
pipeline operation can damage the water quality of Indus substantially. The likelihood of
any contamination, noise or dust pollution of River water (RD 723) and especially any
negative impacts on Indigenous Blind Dolphins during operational stage will be rare; as a
best management strategy will be in place to adhere to safety protocols to minimize any
negative impacts on Indus. Moreover, the pipeline will be constructed over the River bed
through state of the art methodology minimizing the potential for any adverse impacts;
the consequence of such an impact could be fairly moderate. Therefore the overall risk
severity is estimated to be of a low significance.

Habitat of Blind Dolphins

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Mitigation
Monitoring of pipeline to be done according to EMMP;
Project operational vehicles will comply with the noise and dust emissions standards
specified in the NEQS;
Hunting, Pouching, Killing and Catching of Dolphins and fish to be strictly prohibited
for the operational staff:
All relevant measures given in segment 6 for wildlife protection are also valid for this
segment; and
impact will be reduced to a relatively low value.
Impacts on Trees/Vegetation
During the pipeline operation stage the only impacts on Trees and vegetation will come
from a) movement of Inspection vehicles (monitoring purposes) or b) cutting of wood
trees by the locals/operational staff. Otherwise there will not be any significant impact on
Amri (RD 722- 723) and Nasri (RD 725- 730) forests as these are already in a very much
degraded condition (excessive tree cutting, damage by heavy flash floods) as per figured
out through discussions with the concerned forest officers. Moreover, the pipeline will be
buried 3m under the ground level and there are no CS or contractor camps to be built
within this segment. Thus the likelihood of any negative impacts is rare; the
consequence of any adverse impacts will be low. Therefore the overall risk severity of
this impact is assigned an insignificant value.
Disturbance to Flora resources

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Mitigation
General mitigation measures as in previous segments regarding impacts on
vegetation are also applicable for this segment; and
impact will be reduced to a further minimum value.
5.5.15 Construction- Segment 732-780 Km
Land Use
The pipeline passes through the highly fertile agricultural fields in this segment. The top
soil present is a river deposit and ideal for crop cultivation. Agriculture is the way of life of
local population in these parts of Sindh. A very small portion is barren and water logged
(RD 760). There are many houses, rooms, shops, a graveyard (RD 739) and a
government school (RD 771) in this segment. There is also a proposed CS3 to be built at
(RD 780) (No. of workers, 198). The construction of a Contractors camps (RD 740 and
RD 775) and dump site (RD 740) may also impact the surrounding land use. Moreover,
during the course of construction phase a strip of 35m width of land will be acquired for
construction purposes along the pipeline ROW and no crops will be cultivated in this
acquired land for at least two seasons. The likelihood of this impact is almost likely; the
consequence of this activity will be quite high. The overall risk severity is evaluated to be
high.

Impact on Land Use

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Mitigation
No Agricultural land should be acquired for construction camps or dump site.
Agricultural land acquired for the contractors facilities should be restored at the
completion of work by keeping the top soil and spread it back once the pipeline is
installed;
Immediate soil remediation will be carried out for any major oil or fuel spillages that
may occur by mopping up with an appropriate material and disposal off site by a
registered contractor in an approved manner;
All the access roads and any land for temporary access tracks should be reinstated
properly by EPC Contractor; and
Whenever a project of high magnitude is planned to be developed through a terrain,
there are always consequences on the local road network and a burden on existing
traffic influx. In case of IP gas pipeline, while it travels through this segment, there are
various activities and proposed facilities which can impact the local road infrastructure.
To begin with, there is a proposed dump site to be developed at (RD 740). The
construction activities for preparation of pipeline ROW and Contractors camp facilities
(RD 740 and RD 775) will restrict the movement of local traffic flows, while crossing
National Highway (RD 739), Mehran Highway (RD 762) and two single railway tracks
(RD 739, RD 765) in this segment. Local roads in this segment need strengthening
before they are suitable for access by any machinery which will be affected under
excessive stress during the construction phase due to a high frequency of Project Trucks
transporting equipment and pipes to storage sites and contractor camp. This frequency
could range from 30 to 150 trucks in total to the project site from Karachi Port during
construction stage. For example each truck will be carrying 3 pipes, with load on each
truck varying between 15 to 20 tons depending upon the wall thickness of the pipes. The
weight of truck load; if more than 50 tons (NHA Road safety guidelines) may rupture or
damage the structural integrity of National Highway and Mehran Highway. The
construction activities may cause an adverse impact on this existing transport
infrastructure and flow of traffic; the likelihood of this impact is likely and the
consequence could prove substantially moderate. The total risk severity is tagged with
high after-effects.
Impact on local roads and railway traffic

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Mitigation
Culverts shall be constructed to by-pass these road crossings and railway tracks;
Alternative route/access roads shall be provided to ensure unhampered flow of traffic
flow on these crossings;
Heavy traffic movement to be avoided during peak hours;
All relevant mitigation measures from Segment 1 & 6 are also valid for this segment;
and
Impacts on Soil (CS, Contractor camp)
There is a proposed CS3 site near the end of the pipeline in Shaheed Benazirabad at
(RD 780). There is also a dump site (RD 740) and a Contractors camps (RD 740 and
RD 775) in this segment. Various construction activities might have an adverse impact
on these highly fertile agricultural plains such as excavation, leveling, trenching, laying
the pipeline with gravel backfilling, discharge of hazardous and sewage effluents from
Contractor camps or construction of CS3 (CS Proposed Wastewater Treatment capacity
50000 Imperial Gallons per day), transportation of chemicals and fuels to CS3 or pipeline
ROW can trigger soil degradation in these fertile crop lands. All the topsoil stockpiles if
not properly stabilized or covered can add to the risk of erosion (wind or water), absence
of an effective drainage system can also contribute to soil degradation (erosion). The
likelihood of this impact is assigned a possible value; the consequence of this impact
would be quite high. Therefore the overall risk assessment is calculated to be of a
moderate significance.

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Mitigation
The top soil should be retained to be spread back after the construction activities on
these agricultural plains;
The construction traffic should be restricted to the allotted access roads and off-road
driving should be prohibited;
The pipeline ROW, adjoining area of CS site should be cleared, restored and
reinstated after the construction period is complete;
Loading and unloading of fuel and raw materials should be controlled by a competent
authority;
Bulk storage of lubricants and chemicals will be permitted only within the designated
areas;
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) should be strictly followed;
Fuel tanks must be properly marked by content and quantity figures;
Drip trays to be provided under stationary vehicles to avoid leaks;
Inspection of vehicles and soils to be carried out on a daily basis;
Sand bags, absorbing pads and shovels will be provided near the oil storage areas;
To avoid erosion adequate drainage and sprays of water on ROW stockpiles should
be carried out by the EPC Contractor;
Any soil contaminated at the site will be immediately removed and disposed at a
landfill, burn pit, waste pit, as appropriate;
Training programmes should be organized for the farmers on best practices of
Agriculture. They should be made aware about the new techniques, instruments etc.;
All other general measures mentioned in Segment 1 are also valid for this section;
and;
Impact on Water Channels and Canals
In this segment, pipeline crosses a number of irrigation channels canals and drains
including Mulwah Distributory (RD 737), Rohri Canal at RD 747, Jamal Shah Distributory
(RD 749), Canal Crossing (Sajwal minor) (RD 756), Dholo Canal (RD 765)(width of 50m)
and an Irrigation channel (RD 772)(width 20m). Sweet groundwater is available in this
segment which is being extracted with the help of tube-wells and hand pumps.
The main issue in this highly fertile land is patches of water logged areas. During the
construction stage, installation of the pipeline across the irrigation channels and canals
by open cut method may affect their water quality (environmental and chemical
parameters) and flow patterns slightly (structural integrity). They will also be exposed to
contamination by construction of the pipeline, Contractors Camps (RD 740 and RD 775),
CS3 (RD 780) and Contractors dump site (RD 740) in the unexpected events of any
spills or leakage. Also most of these canals and water channels are being used for
circulating water for agricultural practices so they will need to be cut-off (discontinued)
and given alternative drainage paths during construction stage to maintain the essential
supply of water for seasonal crops. The likelihood of this impact is possible; the
consequence of this impact will be high. The overall risk severity of this impact is
assigned a moderate value.

Impact on water channels quality and structural integrity of canals

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Mitigation
Irrigation channels/ Drainage canals will be protected from any spills or
contamination through good housekeeping practices, special measures and effective
monitoring (refer EMMP) by supervisory consultants and HSE department of EPC
contractor;
A Waste Management Plan will be enforced by the EPC Contractor to reduce
impacts on water resources in this segment;
Compliance will be ensured with the NEQS for any liquid discharge to inland waters;
Drip pans will be available on hand for the capture of any substance leaking from
machinery;
Coffer dams, Rip Rap and Gabions to be developed to protect the integrity of these
channels and canals;
Proper coating should be provided around the pipeline to limit any spills;
Drainage ditches should be restored to their original profile and conditions;
Protect surface water bodies including irrigation channels, drains and river creeks
from oil based materials and wastewater generated during construction phase;
Adequate drainage system to be developed for all the water channels/drains that will
be cut-off during construction; and
Impact on Waterfowl and Animals
The construction of the gas pipeline, a Contractors camps (RD 740 and RD 775),
associated Dump site (RD 740) and CS (RD 780) may cause some negative impacts on
the local and migratory fauna of this segment. This mainly exists in the waterlogged
swamps and lagoons, for example microorganisms, amphibians and small aquatic life.
Other animals surrounding these lagoons may include snakes, rats, squirrels among
birds such as ducks, sparrows, and egrets. The noise (clattering, clanking, clamour of
machinery and generators) and dust (PM
2.5
and PM
10
) emitting from earth moving
machinery and large scale motor vehicles movements during construction phase could
pose a threat for the waterfowl population and small aquatic life of these swamp areas.
The likelihood of this impact is given a likely value; the consequence of this activity would
be fairly high. The overall risk severity of this impact is flagged a high rating.

Disturbance to Wildlife (Noise and Air Emissions)

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Possible
Likely H
Certain

Mitigation
The noise and dust pollution levels should be regularly monitored to minimize
impacts on the local and migratory species by the SCs and HSE of EPC Contractor;
Standard of nuisance as per country rules (NEQS) and acts should be maintained all
the times at construction sites by SCs;
To minimize the noise silencers should be used and buffer should be created under
green belt development;
Project vehicles and machinery should be confined to the allotted access areas/road
tracks to avoid damage to these water logged lagoons; and
Impact on Aquatic Vegetation and Agricultural area
As mentioned earlier, this segment on the right bank of River Indus is comprised of
highly fertile agricultural plains. The rich sediments from River Indus have transformed
this land into an agricultural paradise. The major crops cultivated in this region are rice,
wheat, cotton and sugar cane. Moreover, there is presence of few lagoons and water
logged areas which support the small aquatic vegetation that is consumed by the
waterfowl such as ducks, pelicans as food, the water quality of these lagoons can be
affected by the construction workers activities from the construction camps (RD 740 and
RD 775) (Mini camp area, 8.9 Hectares). During the construction phase of IP gas
pipeline, some of these agricultural fields and water logged lagoons will inevitably be
affected, due to various construction related activities as well including the development
of dump site at (RD 740)(Area, , 6 Hectares), CS3 (RD 780) (Area, 8.7 Hectares) and
movement of heavy vehicles along these plains. There will also be a considerable
amount of vegetation (trees, shrubs, plants) which would need to be cleared for
preparation of pipeline ROW. The likelihood of this impact has been given a likely value;
the consequence of this impact on the local agriculture will be high. Therefore an overall
risk severity of high rating has been assigned to this activity.

Clearance of Vegetation/ Effects on Agriculture

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E

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Likely H
Certain

Mitigation
General Mitigation measures as given in previous segments for vegetation are also
applicable to this segment; and
5.5.16 Operation- Segment 732-780 Km
Land Use
The third CS3 (Area, 87 Hectares) is located within this segment (RD 780). Most of the
land in this segment along the pipeline is highly fertile and used for agricultural purposes.
A few of these agricultural fields lie within the (+/- 200m) COI. There are also some water
logged areas (RD 747-755), a fair number of houses and some shops, a government
school (RD 771) and a graveyard (RD 739) around the pipeline route. As the pipeline will
be buried underground hence during the operational phase there will not be any
significant negative impacts on the land use of this segment. However, these fertile
plains can be contaminated due to poor housekeeping and non-compliance of HSE
protocols during CS3 operations (Number of workers, 600-700). Thus, the quality of land
can be severely affected in the vicinity of CS3 at (RD 780) i.e. disposal of wastewater
and uncontrolled release of sanitary waste discharge. The likelihood of this impact is
possible; but the consequence will be high. Hence the overall risk factor is moderate.

Impacts on Land Use

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible M
Likely
Certain

Mitigation
Same as that for CS1 in segment 1 and CS2 in segment 3; and
Soil Degradation (CS Operations)
The proposed CS3 at (RD 780) is situated near the agricultural plains of this segment.
The rich sediments from River Indus have transformed this land into a highly fertile
agricultural zone. The major crops cultivated in this region are rice, wheat, cotton and
sugar cane. Any unchecked release of wastewater, solid waste or chemicals from
pipeline leak or accidental spills during maintenance at the BVS (RDs 740 and 771) or
pigging station (RD 780) discharge into the land during operational stage will
contaminate and degrade the soil quality of these highly fertile land plains. The likelihood
of this impact is a possible one; the consequence of this activity will be high. The overall
risk assessment is evaluated to be of a moderate ranking.

Soil Degradation

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible M
Likely
Certain

Mitigation
Waste Management Plan to be implemented and executed at CS3;
The different types of waste discharged from the CS3 must be monitored regularly to
minimize any damage to the soil (refer EMMP);
The effluents should be complied with the NEQS;
Proper waste management practices should be implemented;
All relevant mitigation measures for CS2 from Segment 3 are valid for this segment
too; and
Impact on Water Channels and Canals
The operation phase may not pose as serious threats to the water resources as those
faced during the construction phase, however, any accidental spills or unchecked leaks
from the 3m buried pipeline or wastewater and solid waste effluents from CS3 (RD 780)
could seep into the watercourses like channels and canals in this segment and
contaminate their water quality severely. The likelihood of this impact is possible; the
consequence of this impact will turn out to be quite high. Therefore, the total risk severity
in this case is assumed to be moderate.

Contamination of water channels and water canals

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
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l
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h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible M

Likely
Certain
Mitigation
Water Channels/ Irrigation drains will be protected from any spills or contamination
through good housekeeping practices, special measures and effective monitoring
(refer EMMP);
Safety bunding should be provided in the large containers and tanks on CS site with
impermeable base to avoid any spills rushing into the water ways;
Spills kit/absorbents/safety tools should be available on site to contain any accidental
spills;
A Waste Management Plan to be enforced and followed comprehensively;
NEQS for water quality of any discharge to inland waters will be strictly followed;
In case of contamination of a stream or water body, effects monitoring should be
done immediately to analyse the impacts downstream, appropriate measures should
be taken to minimize the negative impacts; and
Impact due to Pipeline Blast and Fire in CS3
be ruled out in case of such high scale gas transmission line operations. Moreover, in the
event of non-compliance with HSE protocols or accidents, huge fire can erupt at the
CS3, which can have grave consequences for the safety of personnel, local villagers as
well as on site equipment. Therefore the likelihood of such an impact is termed possible;
the consequence of this impact is considerably very high as it can lead to explosion, fire
or a huge blast. Thus overall risk severity of this impact is assigned a moderate tag.

Pipeline Blast, Explosion or Fire at CS3

R
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L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
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o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible M
Likely
Certain

Mitigation
their use; and
Impact on Waterfowl and animals (Noise and Air)
The operational phase of the pipeline apparently may not directly cause significant
impacts on the biodiversity of this segment. However, the operations of CS3 (RD 780),
on-site generators coupled with movement of projects heavy operational motor vehicles
may create high noise levels and increased dust emissions (PM
2.5
, PM
10
), which could be
disturbing for the waterfowl (ducks, sparrows, pelicans, egrets etc.) and small animals as
it can potentially scare them away. There may also be a visual impact on the surrounding
areas because of CS3 (Illumination at night). The likelihood of such impact is likely; the
consequence of this impact would be low. However, the total risk severity of this impact
is examined to be of a low significance.

Noise and Air Emissions

R
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L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
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l
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h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible
Likely L
Certain

Mitigation
The noise and dust levels should be regularly monitored;
The actual emissions levels from CS3 should be in compliance with the NEQS;
Applying noise insulation layers outside CS area, placing noise barriers (concrete or
earth wall, minimum height 7.5m) between CS and the residential areas;
Wearing of Personal Protected Equipments (PPEs) by all workers;
Project vehicles should be designated to the access roads only;
Speed limits should be enforced to avoid spread of dust emission during operations
and maintenance traffic flows;
Visual Impacts should be minimized by limiting the illumination at CS3; and
Impact on Vegetation/Crop land
This impact will be very low during the operation phase of the IP gas pipeline. There is
presence of few lagoons and water logged areas in this segment which support small
aquatic vegetation that is consumed by the waterfowl such as ducks, pelicans as food,
The only risk to this aquatic vegetation and other trees of the area could come from the
discharge of CS3 (RD 780) (Area, 87 Hectares). However, in view of strict housekeeping
and complete compliance with the NEQS for any discharge/effluents, the possibility of
this impact will be very rare; the consequence will be low as the CS3 is located away
from vegetated areas and will not release any waste water or solid waste effluents
directly to the agricultural fields. Hence, the overall risk severity will remain insignificant.
5.6 Social Impacts
5.6.1 Impact Analysis of Project during Construction stage
This section describes the potential impacts of the proposed project on the
socioeconomic, local communities and construction workers as well as on structure or
sites of cultural and religious significance.
5.6.1.1 Social and Cultural Conditions
During the construction phase of the pipeline and CSs the impacts on cultural and social
conditions may arise, the relevance of the social and cultural impact is assessed as likely
and intensity of this impact is high and overall impact severity is high.

Social and cultural conditions resulting from the influx of construction workers

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
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h
o
o
d
)
Rare
Possible
Likely H
Certain
The influx of non-local workers during the construction phase will potentially result a
negative impact on the social and cultural conditions of local people. In case of CSs, the
severity of impact will be less in CS1 and 2 as compared to CS3. Potential sources of
these impacts include:
Tensions related to the awarding of jobs with the pipeline construction project,
particularly non-skilled labour;
Potential conflicts between the social and cultural traditions of outside workers and
those of the local communities, resulting in disruption of the social and cultural
traditions of the communities;
Change in gender ratios in the local area;
Introduction of a class of workers with higher incomes;
Loss of labour availability for traditional work within local communities;
Increase in the incidence of illness and disease due to introduction of outside
workers; and
Potential increase in the incidence of crime and other negative activities.
It should be noted that the extent of some of the above impacts will be limited by the fact
that construction workers are expected to be recruited from nearby population centres
rather than brought in from entirely different regions.
Mitigation:
The negativity of the impact can be reduced by the fact that influx of workers will be
experienced by local communities only during working hours and commuting periods,
and only for the months required for the pipeline to be constructed through or passing
through each individual community;
Construction workers should be recruited from the nearby population centres rather
than brought in from entirely different regions;
The proximity of worker place of residence to the impacted communities means that
there may be common or similar economic and social characteristics shared by the
groups. As such, tensions relating to the awarding of jobs, potential conflicts between
the social and cultural traditions of outside workers and those of the local
communities, the incidence of illness and disease and the potential increase in crime
will be lessened;
Change in gender ratios is certain, however, strict monitoring on workers and
communities activities to check and address the gender issues if any arises;
Salaries of the unskilled local workers should be compatible with the outside workers
wages. and
5.6.1.2 Disturbance of Physical Cultural Resources
The project could potentially disturb physical cultural resources located within the
pipeline COI during different construction activities. In accordance with the field survey
conducted, 1 Zikrani (worship place of Zikriya tribe) and 1 graveyard and other potential
structure/infrastructure/community structure have been identified within the COI (+/-
200m). These physical cultural resources may be affected by pipeline construction work.
The relevance of this impact is possible and intensity is moderate. Therefore, overall
severity is moderate. The same overall severity is assessed for CSs and construction
camps in case of any chance find.

Physical Cultural Conditions

R
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V
A
N
C
E

(
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)

Rare
Possible M
Likely
Certain

Mitigation:
EPC contractor will employ mitigation measures in order to minimize impacts
associated with these resources by adjusting the ROW to avoid dismantling the
cultural structures;
Potential mitigation measures include: assistance in moving physical resources;
compensation for disturbance or loss of resources at market rates and according to
RPF (Document No B711-ILF-GEN-EN-REP-0002); or modifying construction
methods in order to minimize disturbance of these resources;
In addition there is also the potential for the presence of significant cultural resources
below the soil surface within the COI, CSs locations and contractor camps. Sub
surface resources would not have been identified during the field survey, although
desktop cultural and archaeological resource assessments and ground walks
indicate the likelihood is rare. However, if any subsurface structure is identified, EPC
contractor will inform the police and district government and cordon off the area; and
5.6.1.3 Construction Camps and Temporary On-site Facilities
Thirteen camps will be built to house around 300 workers in each camp for pipeline and
CS construction. The displacement of people and changes in current uses of land in
construction camps footprint poses the potential for impacts on social and cultural
conditions. The amount of land required for the construction camp is significantly less
than that required for the ROW, and it is possible that the potential acquisition of this
land will not result in any physical resettlement. Likelihood of this impact is possible with
a low consequence. Its overall severity is assessed as low value.

Construction of Camps on Land

R
E
L
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V
A
N
C
E

(
L
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h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible L
Likely
Certain

Mitigation:
The land for the camp area to be acquired temporarily by the EPC contractor and
compensation to be paid to the AP at market rates; and
Proposed site for the camps need further consideration before any activity. EPC
contractor may make changes in the layouts/boundaries to completely avoid the
resettlement of the people; and
impact will be reduced to a very low or insiginificant value.
Compressor Stations
Three CSs to be installed all along the pipeline route i.e. CS1 at RD 8, CS2 at RD 343
and CS3 at RD 780. The land will be permanently acquired. CS1 and 2 are planned to
be located on barren land except the CS3 where agriculture is in practice. Acquisition of
land and permanent crop removal will generate social and cultural negative impacts.
Livelihood and income sources of the locals will be affected. People will buy land at other
places and may start agricultural activities in other areas. This may lead to conflicts
between the AP and those where above activities start. The likelihood is likely and
intensity of impact may be moderate and overall severity is high

Social and Cultural Land Use

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
e
l
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h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible
Likely H
Certain

Mitigation:
Timely compensation to be paid to the affectees according to entitlement matrix and
proposal for valuation as given in RPF (Document No B711-ILF-GEN-EN-REP-
0002);
The AP must be given awareness by the proponent regarding the conflicts with other
community where these people make investment; and
Access to Goods and Services
The duration of this impact is moderate as the impact will continue throughout the
construction phase, and some effects could be long-term or permanent. The intensity of
this impact is assessed as moderate in view of the stated ameliorating factors, and the
likelihood is likely. Thus making the overall severity as high.

Access of Goods and Services

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V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
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h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible
Likely H
Certain
The influx of non-local workers to communities near the COI, and construction camps
(during the construction phase will affect the availability of goods and services to local
residents in these communities. Potential sources of this impact include:
Increased demand for food, clothing, and other essential goods and supplies,
potentially resulting in shortages of or price inflation for these goods; and
Increased demand for and consequent strains on existing infrastructure and service
facilities.
Mitigation:
The ability of community vendors and economies to respond to increasing demand,
and to source greater supplies to meet the increased demand;
Increased incomes to members of the communities benefiting from the increased
commerce (particularly vendors selling high-demand items);
Special supply systems established by the work crews and contractors to bring in
supplemental goods from outside of the local communities to meet worker needs;
and
Health
Importation of new strains of pathogens by construction workers, spreading of HIV/AIDs
and other communicable diseases are of great concerns and this will result in increased
strains on health of the workers and community. Any increased incidence of life-
threatening or incurable illnesses (e.g., HIV/AIDS) could have a long-term effect on the
demand for health services. Increased rates of crime could cause increased injury
among community members, and also result in increased stress on both health and
security services. Members of local communities could therefore experience reduced
access to important services. The intensity of impact is moderate with a possible
likelihood. The overall severity is moderate.

Effect on health due to Diseases

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible M
Likely
Certain

Mitigation:
Anti-malarial measures adopted to prevent diseases through extermination of larvae,
and vaccination to people;
Proper sanitation conditions to be provided;
Provision of basic medical facilities made;
Health education to workers and local people especially awareness of HIV/AIDs;
AIDS test (and TB) for all staff and workers, and provide anti-retroviral drugs to all
workers tested HIV+;
Establish and implement an HIV/AIDS prevention program; and
Strains on Services and Safety
The influx of construction workers (thirteen camps) may increase the pressure
significantly on existing infrastructures and services including transportation
infrastructure, water supply, waste disposal, communication infrastructure, health
facilities, and security services. Services and service facilities in the communities
adjacent to the pipeline COI currently have limited capacity or are providing a low level of
service. The additional stresses on these services and facilities associated with the influx
of construction workers could result in a further reduction in the ability of the services and
service facilities to meet demand.
Regarding safety, accidents such as fires, blasts in storage tanks, pipeline sabotage,
leakages of chemicals, leak ruptures possibilities, third party interference, land hazards,
attack on construction staff from terrorists etc. is a significant negative impact and is of
high severity. Also traffic at the project sites and existing road networks of the project
area is a safety risk for the locals.
Considering above, the intensity of impact is likely but the consequence is high. The
overall severity is high.

Increased accidents and burden on existing services

Mitigation
Limit the vehicles speed to 30km/h;
Use of sign boards and diversions for construction traffic;
Keep the project traffic movement to off peak timings;

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible
Likely H
Certain
Develop alternative routes for project transportation (equipment, raw material
supplies and personnel);
Reduce burden on existing services, this would require the EPC to develop, import
and maintain own resources; and
this impact will be reduced to a moderate value.
5.6.2 Impact Analysis of Project during Operation and Maintenance stage
Although no significant impacts on social and cultural conditions are envisaged during
the operation and maintenance phase, some may exist as given below:
Health
Interaction of operational staff residing within the CSs (CS1, CS2 and CS3) with the
locals (tribes and villages) may promote spreading of HIV/AIDs and other communicable
diseases, which is of great concerns and this will result in increased strains on health of
the staff and local community. Any increased incidence of life-threatening or incurable
illnesses (e.g., HIV/AIDS) could have a long-term effect on the demand for health
services. The likelihood of impact is rare but consequence is high. Therefore, overall
severity is estimated as low.

Effect on health due to Diseases

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
)

Rare L
Possible
Likely
Certain

Mitigation:
Anti-malarial measures adopted to prevent diseases through extermination of larvae,
and vaccination to people;
Maintenance of storm and sewage collection and disposal arrangements;
Provision of basic medical facilities made;
workers and community tested HIV+;
Establish and implement an HIV/AIDS prevention program; and
Accidents
Accidents such as fires, blasts in CS compounds, BVSs and pigging stations, pipeline
sabotage, leakages of chemicals, leak ruptures possibilities, third party interference, land
hazards, terrorists attack on operational staff etc. are the significant negative impacts.
The intensity of impact is very high with a very possible likelihood. The overall severity is
moderate.

Accidents and Injuries to operational staff and community

R
E
L
E
V
A
N
C
E

(
L
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
)

Rare
Possible M
Likely
Certain

Mitigation
Strict compliance of measures given in Security Study conducted as a part of this
project that covers the modalities for safety of CSs, staff and terrorists attack on
pipeline and CSs;
A study had been conducted to provide the systems of (Hazard and Operability Study
(HAZOP) and Hazard Identification Study (HAZID). The procedures of above studies
shall be adopted; and

Cultural Norms
Based on the baseline assessment, Balochistan tribes and Sindh villagers along the
pipeline route are very conservative and sensitive to their cultural norms especially the
gender customs. Any interference in their norms by a third party may trigger a serious
negative impact. The consequences could be the change in attitude of the local
communities towards the operational staff and which can negatively influence the staff.
This can affect the efficiency of the operational staff and personal security too. The
intensity of impact is high with a possible likelihood. The overall severity is moderate.

Interference in the local cultural values and gender customs

Low Moderate High Very high
R
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V
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N
C
E

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d
)

Rare
Possible M
Likely
Certain

Mitigation:
Awareness programs between the community and operational staff as and when
required;
Mobility of operational staff closely monitored to prevent clashes with the tribes man;
Provision of all benefits programs to the locals (given in EMMP);
Establishment of community liaison office;
Strict monitoring (social monitoring program given in EMMP);
Strict monitoring to check if any clash with the local women privacy; and
6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
6.1 General
Interstate Gas Systems Ltd. (ISGS) is developing and implementing the Iran-Pakistan
(IP) Gas Pipeline Project. ISGS was established in 1996 as a private limited company
incorporated under the Companies Ordinance 1984 considering the proposal for import
of gas from Iran.
The objective of the Project is to install all required facilities such as pipeline, CSs and
all other related equipment to transport 30MMcmd (1.0 bcfd) natural gas imported from
Iran to Pakistan. Figure: 6.1 shows and overview map of proposed pipeline route.
Figure 6.1: Overview Map of Proposed Pipeline Route
This Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) although have concern
with varies stakeholders but mostly related to Engineering, Procurement and
Construction (EPC) Contractors roles and responsibilities . At present EMMP is a part of
main Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) report, however, it will act as
a stand alone document during construction phase of project and EPC contractor shall
be bound to carry out all his construction activites in compliance with the proposed
measures given in the EMMP.
This chapter deals with the Environmental management and monitoring plan and is
thereby divided into two sections i.e. Management and Monitoring. The chapter provides
an overall approach for managing and monitoring of the physical, ecological and social
environment related issues triggered due to the proposed Project interventions during
construction and operations. Brief information on sensitive and critical habitats is given in
Annex O as a ready refererence for EPC Contractor to have defined understanding of
importance of these areas. Further this chapter also describes the institutional framework
and resource allocation for maintaining the ecological balance of the Project and Corridor
of Impact (COI). The main objectives of EMMP are as follow:
To allocate the responsibilities of the concerned parties i.e. ISGS, Consultants and
EPC Contractors; this would also help enhance management and better coordination
among the stakeholders;
To identify analyzed and recommend training and capacity building for the key
stakeholders;
To protect the physical, ecological and social diversity of the COI as much as
possible;
To minimize or eliminate the most significant negative impacts on the wildlife habitats
of the COI;
To reduce the adverse ecological impacts on environmentally sensitive areas i.e.
National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuary, Game Reserve;
To consider benefit programme for the local;
To mitigate the water contamination or pollution of rivers and open ponds by adopting
an effectively designed water quality monitoring program;
To develop and prioritize a program for monitoring the impacts of the project during
construction and operation phases of the IP-Project; and
To allocate monitoring cost.
6.2 Major Responsibilites and Uncertainities
6.2.1 EPC Contractor
The EPC Contractor becomes the backbone of a project once all the design stage
investigations and studies have been completed and tendering has been finalised. Under
the close supervision of Company, EPC Contractor has to act as the focal point of
various activities and works during the construction phase. The following Table 6.1
outlines responsibilities to be borne by the EPC Contractor.

Project Stage
Responsible
Authority
Responsibility
Construction EPC (HSE)
EPC Contractors must take serious steps to initiate
the establishment of Health, Safety and Environment
(HSE) department within their organizational
structures on top priority basis.
A Monitoring plan for construction phase will need to
be properly implemented by the EPC Contractor in
consultation with the Environmental Monitoring Cell
(EMC) and Supervisory Consultant (SC). The details
of the monitoring regime involving various monitoring
techniques, timings and specifications have been
given in the EMMP.
Compliance of all the measures and plans as given in
EMMP (mitigation management matrix, emergency
plan, water quality, waste management etc.
The absolute location of Contractor Camps (13 Nos) is
the core responsibility of the EPC contractor in
consultation with the EMC and SC.
The absolute location of Dumping Sites (10 Nos) is the
core responsibility of the EPC contractor in
consultation with the EMC and SC.
If the Contractors Camps or Dumping Sites at
different locations from the tentatively proposed ones
are selected, the contractor must adopt the
Contractors camps site selection criteria given in
Annex P (Checklist for Location and Construction
of Camps), develop baseline and also acquire
approval from the relevant authority.
Location and identification of Borrow Areas
(Aggregate, Cement, Sand etc.) is the core
responsibility of the EPC Contractor in Consultation
with the EMC and SC.
It is strongly recommended that no borrow areas
should be considered within 5km of the boundaries of
National Parks, Game Reserves and Protected Areas.
The EPC Contractor must also prepare a Borrow
Material and Quarry Restoration Plan and get the
relevant approval from the SC. However, this borrow
and quarry material must not be acquired from
Project Stage
Responsible
Authority
Responsibility
habitats of endangered mammals (Ibex, Urial,
Chinkara), National Parks, Marshy River Bank areas
(grazing spots of Wildlife), surroundings of Wetlands
boundaries (high tide-low tide vicinity) and residential
village areas (500m buffer at least).
EPC Contractor must have to identify the alternate
water resources for the workers and the site activities
before the commencement of the Project activities on
site in consultation with the EMC and SC.
Due to construction activities large amount of spoil will
be generated and the disposal of this spoil material is
the responsibility of the EPC contractor in consultation
with the SC.
For the disposal of the solid waste generated during
the construction phase EPC contractor will have to
arrange a landfill site in consultation with the EMC and
SC.
EPC contractor must consult with Balochistan and
Sindh wildlife departments while working near the
boundries of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuary,
Environmental sensitive areas and Forests.
Formalize works procedures and work breakdown
statements to help meet the project targets.
Land excavation and slopes cutting should be
carefully done by the EPC contractor in consultation
with the EMC and SC in order to prevent soil erosion
and land sliding problem.
Conduct and present safety findings on monthly basis.
Avoiding any accidental spill and maintain good house
keeping is the core responsibility of the EPC
Contractor in consultation with the EMC and SC.
All drainage cut-off work will commence immediately
after the Right of way (ROW) clearance and it is the
responsibility of the EPC Contractor in consultation
with the EMC and SC.

Project Stage
Responsible
Authority
Responsibility
EPC Contractor to coordinate with the concerned
office of the National Highway Authority (NHA) before
transportation of material especially pipes.
Update the HSE plan as required; Liaise with Owners
site construction team as needed on EPC contract
issues.
Liaison with SC and HSE department of ISGS.
During the construction of CSs/BVs and Pigging
Stations, EPC contractor should adopt and follow all
the Safeguards/Controls prepared as a part of Hazard
Identification Study (HAZID).
EPC contractor makes sure that blind dolphins are
away from the site and strict monitoring activities to be
adopted according to measures given in EMMP
matrix.
EPC contractor to ensure that excluding ROW no
other tree is to be cut; however, if necessary for
movement of machinery, he will plant three trees
against one tree of same specie.
Conduct regular site safety inspection and define
follow up actions.
Conduct regular safety trainings, awareness briefings
of the site workers.
Training programs have been provided in the EMMP.
These programs must be implemented by EPC
Contractors.
Implement risk assessment and controls measures on
site activities.
Assist in incident investigation process.
Strict compliance of social mitigation measures.
Effective liaison with locals and heads of tribes and
villages.
Ensure health & safety of site workers.
Manage completion, testing and handover of the
facility to ISGS.
Project Stage
Responsible
Authority
Responsibility
Controlled blasting shall be the responsibility of EPC
Contractor.
Commissioning
EPC
Commissioning Plan to be finalized by the EPC
Contractor.
Commissioning Scope Meetings to be held between
the Client, EPC Contractors and Suppliers.
Submitted O & M Manuals to be reviewed by the EPC
Contractor.
Site Observations to be scheduled, focusing on pre-
functional checklist.
Start-up request forms to be submitted by the EPC
Contractor.
Start-up Scheduled and to be witnessed by the EPC
Contractor and the Owner.
Functional/Pre-functional testing and verification as
systems (Electrical and Mechanical) become ready for
demo to ensure that the equipment and systems are
hooked up and operational. Also to ascertain that
functional performance testing may proceed without
unnecessary delays.
Systems performance monitoring to take place &
tracking of any deficiencies.
Execution of all the remaining functional tests.
Systems ready to be accepted by the Owner after
which the warranty period begins.
Turn over meeting to be held to transition the
responsibility of pipeline operation from construction
management to facilities management phase.
Final summary Report to be issued to the Owner and
other stakeholders.
Table 6.1: Roles and Responsibilities of EPC Contractor
6.2.2 Proponent-ISGS
The Client or Owner, ISGS is the driving force behind the IP gas pipeline project. Being
at the top of the management ladder, various responsibilities are befallen on ISGS, some
of the responsibilities are given below in the Table 6.2:
Project Stage
Responsible
Authority
Responsibility
Construction ISGS (HSE)
ISGS must take serious steps to initiate the
establishment of EMC and HSE departments within
their organizational structures on top priority basis.
Provide a copy of EMMP to the EPC contractor and
monitor contractors to ensure that they are fully aware
and will comply with the HSE plan and ISGS
instructions.
Draw up and enforce the environmental, safety plan,
including all aspects of welfare, well-being and
security.
Ensure EPC Contractor and subcontractor compliance
with quality control obligations under the associated
contracts.
Implement the HSE activities as provided in HSE plan.
Liaison with EPC contractors and SCs.
Act as the commercial leader of the project with overall
responsibility for delivery of the project from financial
close to commercial operation within budget and
schedule.
Primary liaison with project lenders and project
shareholders.
Manage all EPC contract variation orders and claims
with support from the Owners Construction Site
Manager and the site team.
Manage the execution of the EPC Contract; ensure
the Contractor is complying with its obligations while
limiting downside risks or monetary losses to the
company.
Contribute to the development of Owners detailed
project management plans, project reporting and
schedule follow-ups.
Project Stage
Responsible
Authority
Responsibility
Responsible for providing overall project management,
support and guidance to project team to drive project
to completion.
Ensure all EPC contractors and subcontractors
required insurance policies, under the related
contracts, are in effect.
Plan and facilitate the EPC contract monthly project
review meetings between Owner and EPC contractor.
Compliance of all the monitoring programmes as given
in EMMP.
Strict compliance of social mitigation measures.
Effective liaison with locals and heads of tribes and
villages.
Operation ISGS (HSE) A Monitoring plan for operational phase will need to be
properly implemented by the ISGS. The details of the
monitoring regime involving various monitoring
techniques, timings and specifications have been
given in the EMMP.
HSE department will also ensure the compliance of all
safety and health protocols during the operation stage.
ISGS to compliance with all the related measures
given in the mitigation matrix (EMMP).
Table 6.2: Roles and Responsibilities of ISGS
6.2.3 Uncertainities
In any project, whether small or large scale, there will always be a few unidentified
unknowns or uncertainties involved. These may be termed as Project Uncertainties.
The project uncertainties may last only up to the pre-construction, during the early time
of construction phase or till the very end of the post construction (in rare cases). All the
policy level decisions regarding project uncertainties at this point in time will later be
confirmed at the mobilization of EPC Contractor and during construction phase of the
project. All the project uncertainties that still exist will be subject to further investigation
during the construction phase of the project.

The project uncertainties are defined in the following matrix:
Sr. # Issues Uncertainty Measure Responsibility
1 Location of
Contractors
Camps (CCs)
The CCs are classified into the
three categories main, mini and
a camp each at the 3 CSs. In
total there are expected to be
13 CCs to be constructed along
the IP gas pipeline route (very
tentative location). The exact
number, location and size of
these CCs are still to be
determined, depending upon
factors of EPC Contractors
work strategy, number of locals
to be employed (lodging space
to be applicable), close
proximity or easy access to
ROW and cost feasibility.
This issue should be
resolved by EPC
contractor before the
construction of camps in
consultation with the SC
and EMC.
EPC Contractor
2 Location of
Dumping Sites
There will be about 10 dumping
sites to be developed along the
whole length of pipeline
(tentatively located). These
dump sites will be utilized for
storage of different construction
materials and various
equipment including pipes. At
the time of writing this report
the final location of dump sites
was not acknowledged so this
issue should be resolved by
EPC contractor before the
development of dump site.
The final location of these
sites will also be at the
discretion of the EPC
Contractors with the
agreement of SC and
EMC (ISGS).
EPC Contractor
3 Location and
Identification of
Borrow Areas
(Aggregate,
Cement, Sand
etc.)
There will be a considerable
amount of borrow materials
required for the construction of
pipeline, CCs, Dump sites, CSs
and all other relevant project
facilities during construction
phase.
At the time of this report
writing the locations for
borrow areas was not
available at all. The
supply of aggregate and
sand for concrete will
either be purchased from
local resources or
acquired from outside the
project area.
EPC Contractor/
EMC (ISGS) or
SC
4 Water Supply
Alternatives
(Construction)
This is one of the most crucial
features of the project
uncertainties. The constant
supply of fresh water for
workers daily demand as well
as water availability for
construction and operation
activities raises a big question
mark at this point of time.
For construction, EPC
contractor either has to
develop his own water
resources in the form of
tube wells or arrange
necessary approval from
the relevant authority for
the use of local water
resources.
EPC Contractor
5 Disposal of
Spoil
(Construction)
As during the construction a
large amount of Spoil will be
generated on-site from the
construction of pipeline and
CSs.
This spoil will be
disposed at an off-site
location or utilized for any
other purpose, this will be
finalized by the EPC
EPC Contractor
Sr. # Issues Uncertainty Measure Responsibility
Contractor, in
consultation with SC and
EMC.
6 Arrangement for
Landfill
(Construction
and Operation)
There exists an uncertainty
related to the disposal of waste
(solid) generated during the
phases of the IP pipeline
project.
The recommended
preference to discard
inorganic, non-
recyclables, non-
hazardous waste will be
to construct a landfill or
use an existing one near
the project area (if
available).
EPC Contractor/
EMC(ISGS) /SC
7 Physical
Marking of
Environmentally
Sensitive Areas
This uncertainty can raise many
complexities for the project
execution as there is an
absence of physical demarking
of boundaries of
environmentally sensitive areas
on site presently. Any
infringement or invasion of
these sensitive areas may lead
to disturbances to wildlife and
non- compliance of national
law.
The EPC Contractors in
agreement with SC and
EMC (ISGS) must get in
touch with the wildlife
departments of Sindh and
Balochistan for obtaining
the clear cut markings of
sensitive areas
boundaries, prior to
execution of project
activities on site.
EPC Contractor/
EMC (ISGS) or
SC
8 Pipeline
Security Issues
(Lapse or
Breach)
The IP gas pipeline route
passes through a region where
many tribes are present
especially in Balochistan.
These areas like rest of
Balochistan are largely
underprivileged in terms of
social and economic
development in comparison to
other parts of Pakistan. This
deprivation over the years has
contributed to a sense of
resentment and fury among the
average population of the
largest province of Pakistan.
This has lead to widespread
socio-political enmity and has
also allowed certain hostile
organizations to surface and
conduct miscreant activities
almost on daily basis in
different parts of the province.
In the IP projects perspective,
any sudden and unforeseeable
terrorism activity by a terrorist
organization on the IP gas
pipeline can undermine life and
property alike- an highly
uncertain issue.
For safe and secure
operation of the pipeline,
gas connections should
be provided to the locals
for their domestic and
commercial purposes and
locals should also be
involved in pipeline
seccurity. A community
benefit programme has
also been developed to
ensure the security of the
pipeline.
ISGS holds the
responsibility to take
necessary steps in this
regard to ensure the
sanctity of pipeline at all
times.
ISGS
Table 6.3: Project Uncertainities
6.3 Structure of EMMP
The EMMP consists of the following sections:
Management
Legal Framework and Policies;
Institutional Arrangements (roles and responsibilities); and
Environmental Mitigation and Management Matrix (EMMM).
Monitoring
Environmental Monitoring Program;
Communication and Documentation;
Change Record Register;
Training Program; and
Environmental Cost.
6.4 Management Plan
6.4.1 Policy, Administrative Framework and Guidelines
National administrative framework and policies along with international protocols (World
Bank (WB) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) are briefly discussed below
32
.
6.4.1.1 National Policies
There are many national policies with relation to environmental protection but National
Environmental Policy (NEP) and National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) are of
principal relevance. They provide an overarching framework for addressing the
environmental issues which Pakistan is facing, particularly pollution of fresh water bodies
and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation and
loss of biodiversity including cross sectoral issues. The other important policy is the
National Conservative Strategy (NCS). The NCS outlines the countrys primary approach,
encouraging sustainable development, concerning natural resources and improving
efficiency in the use and management of such resources.
The goal of NEP is to protect, conserve and restore Pakistan's environment in order to
improve the quality of life of the citizens through sustainable development.

32
Details on framework and policies are provided in chapter 2 of this report
Two organizations Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) and Pakistan
Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) are primarily responsible for administering the
provision of this act under the above policies. The PEPC oversees the function of Pak-
EPA as well.
6.4.1.2 Overview of Administrative Framework
Functions of Federal Agency
Implement and administer the PEPA 1997;
Adopt effective measures for implementation of national environmental policies;
Publish annual report on the status of national environment;
Enforcement of NEQS;
To promote research in science and technology which may contribute and lead to
the prevention of pollution and protection of environment;
Promote public awareness and education in the environment sector; and
The agency can inquire or investigate any environmental issue at its own expense
or upon complaint from any other person or community.
Functions of Provincial Agency
The agency can inquire or investigate any environmental issue on its own or upon
complaint from any other person or community within its jurisdiction;
The agency can advise the proponent for taking up environment studies according
to Schedule I and II of the PEPA 1997;
The agency can impose penalties to the law violators; and
Issuance of a No-Objection Certificate (NOC) for an Intial Environmental
Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
6.4.1.3 National Policies and Proclamations
Following are the main policies and proclamations that relates to the IP-Project
33
.
PEPA 1997;
Policies and procedure for review and approval of environmental assessments
(1997);
Guidelines for preparation and review of environmental report (1997);
Review of IEE and EIA (regulation,2000);

33
Details are provided in Chapter 2 of this report.
NEQS (2000/2010);
Draft National Resettlement Policy;
Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972;
Balochistan Wildlife Protection Act, 1974;
Antiquities act,1975;
The Sindh Cultural Heritage Act,1994;
Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001;
Regulation of Mines and Oil Fields and Mineral Development Act,1948;
Forest Act, 1927;
National Forest Policy, 2001;
Petroleum Act, 1934;
Mineral Gas Safety Rules 1960;
Mineral and Industrial Gases Safety Rules 2010;
Factories Act,1934;
Pakistan Penal Code, 1860;
Explosives Act,1884; and
Sectoral Guidelines-Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 1997.
6.4.1.4 International Protocols
The following international protocols and obligations are related with the proposed
project activities.
Rio Declaration, 1992
The Rio Declaration comprises twenty seven principles which address such issues as
sustainable development (integration of environmental protection into the development
process); common but differentiated responsibilities to conservation, protection and
restoration of the earth's ecosystems; public participation and information access at the
national level, reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and
consumption.
Wetland Convention (RAMSAR Convention) 1971
The broad aim of the Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR, Iran, 1971) is to halt the
worldwide loss of wetlands and to conserve those that remain through wise use and
technology transfer.
Basel Convention 1989
The aim of this convention is to reduce the movement of hazardous waste from
developed countries to under developed countries.
Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES)
1979
The principal obligation of contracting parties to the CITES are to safeguard the trade in
rare or endangered species and to restrict the import and export of listed species.
United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNLOS 1982)
This law defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the Worlds
Ocean, establishing guidelines for business, the environment and the management of
marines national resources.
6.4.1.5 EIA Review Procedure
After completion of the Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA), ten copies
of the report with 2 soft copies would be submitted to Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency (SEPA) and Balochistan EPA for review with an application form. These two
agencies will issue a conditional NOC for the IP-Project in consultation with Federal EPA
to ISGS.
6.4.1.6 Policies of International Financial Institutions
World Bank Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines
The environmental regulations and guidelines of the WB have been spelled out in the
WB Operational Manual comprising documents relating to Operational Policy (OP) and
Bank Procedures (BP). All such documents were consulted and following OPs
34
have
been triggered due to IP-Project interventions.
Environmental Assessment- OP 4.01;
Natural Habitats- OP 4.04;
Pest Management- OP 4.09;
Physical Cultural Resources- OP 4.11;
Involuntary Resettlement- OP 4.12;
Gender and Development OP 4.20; and
Forests- OP 4.36.

34
www.worldbank.org
ADB Safeguards
ADBs safeguard policy framework consists of three operational policies on the
environment (Annex 1), involuntary resettlement (Annex 2) and Indigenous People
(Annex 3). These are accompanied by Operations Manual sections on Environmental
Considerations in ADB Operations; Involuntary Resettlement; and Indigenous Peoples.
All such documents were consulted and following safeguards
35
have been triggered due
to IP-Project interventions.
Safeguard Requirements 1: Environment; and
Safeguard Requirements 2: Involuntary Resettlement.
The above mentioned OPs of WB and ADB are valid for IP- project; EPC to follow the
upfront procedures set out in the above guidelines. Therefore, EPC should keep a copy
of these guidelines handy during implementation and execution period.
6.4.2 Institutional Arrangements
The IP-Project will be implemented and administrated by ISGS (proponent) during the
implementation and operational stages. The existing organizational structure of ISGS for
the current project activities is shown in Figure: 6.2.

35
www.adb.org

Figure 6.2: Organizational Structure of ISGS

6.4.2.1 Proposed Setup
The proposed organizational setup for both phases of the IP-Project is shown in Figures
6.3-6.4. The implementation and operation of the Project is the core responsibility of
ISGS. The immediate requirement considering the existing institutional setup of ISGS is
the establishment of EMC under the direct supervision of General Manager (Technical).
The cell will have a competent Environment & Resettlement Team (E&RT) that will
render its duties in close coordination with the EPC contractors and SC. It is a pre-
requisite that all the resettlement and land acquisition issues and compensation to
Project Affected People (PAPs) need to be handled and covered before mobilization of
EPC Contractors (Resettlement Policy Framework).).
The overall responsibility for implementation of mitigation measures will be on Deputy
General Manager and his team. The E&RT will focus its activities as a monitor
specifically during the construction phase of pipeline, CSs and other allied facilities. This
E&RT will remain on-board throughout the construction time and will finally be merged
into proposed HSE department. This HSE department is highly recommended to be on-
board within the existing setup of ISGS. The department will primarily be responsible for
tackling all the HSE issues throughout the project cycle.
The proposed staff is listed below:
E&RT:
Senior Environmental Engineer (Masters in Environmental Engineering)-Exp: 5
years in oil and gas sector; and
Senior Sociologist (Master in Social Work/Sociology)Exp-5 years in resettlement
sector.
HSE:
Senior Safety Engineer (Masters in Mechanical Engineering)-Exp-5 years in
pipelines; and
HSE Engineer (Masters in Chemical Engineering)-Exp-5 years in oil and gas
sector.
All the EPC contractors must have an HSE department having qualified professional
staff. ISGS must consider this matter while selecting the EPC Contractors.
BWFD and SWD:
Balochistan Wildlife and Forest Department (BWFD), Sindh Wildlife Department
(SWD), Executive District Officer (EDO)-forest and wildlife and Park Manager
(Hingol National Park-Buzi Makol and Dureji Game Reserve) are responsible for
the management of the protected areas and will provide their assistance to EPC
Contractors. EMC will be responsible for wildlife safety and protect its habitat
during the pipeline laying process.
BEPA and SEPA:
BEPA and SEPA are the regulatory authorities for issuance of NOC for this
proposed project. As part of their mandate, protection of environment (water, air
and noise) is their responsibility. Therefore, these agencies will undertake an audit
(as and when required) of the activities of the project (both phases) with respect to
the protocols as defined in EMMP.

Inter State Gas Systems (Pvt.)
Limited
GM (Tech)
EPC
Contractors
Construction
Supervision
Consultants

DGM (TECH) &
Team
E&RT

EMC
HSE
Department
Govt.
(Balochistan and
Sindh)
Departments
SWD
BWFD (Chief
Conservative
of Forest)
Park Manager
(HNP/Buzi
Makola-Dureji
Game Reserve)
EDO
(Gwadar/Lasbela)
Forest and
Wildlife

HSE
Figure 6.3: Proposed Institutional Structure-Construction Phase

Inter State Gas Systems (Pvt.)
Limited
GM (Tech)
DGM (TECH) &
Team
EMC
Govt
(Balochistan
and Sindh)
Departments
SWD
BWFD (Chief
Conservative
of Forest)
Park Manager
(HNP/Buzi
Makola-Dureji
Game Reserve)
HSE
Figure 6.4: Proposed Institutional Structure-Operational Phase

6.4.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities
The foremost responsibilities of ISGS (Technical Department), EMC (E&RT/HSE), EPC
and SC are given in Table 6.4.
EPC Contractor is the main force behind meeting the project goals. Once the design
stage concludes, EPC Contractor is essentially deemed as the commercial leader of the
project, in close coordination with the client, he has to manage and ensure some of the
most important elements of the project including safety of the project workers, equipment
handling, HSE compliance, budget control, time allocation and remaining costs of the
project.
Organization Designation Responsibilities Operating Documents
ISGS DGM (Tech) Overall in-charge and supervision
of EMCs activities.
To ensure the projects
compliance with the PEPA 1997
and other national environmental
regulations and stakeholder
participations in the project
construction and operation stages.
Liaison with SC and EPC
contractors.
Contract with
construction
supervising
consultant and EPC.
Relevant documents
of WB, ADB and EPA
on environmental.
SEIA report prepared
for IP-Project.
EMC (E&RT)-
Construction
Phase
E&RT Monitor the activities of SC
activities and check the proper
implementation of all mitigation
measures for physical, ecological
and social sectors.
Liaison with HSE department of
ISGS.
Ensure compliance and
implementation of national rules
and regulations enforced by
Environment Protection Agencies
especially regarding social and
environmental aspects.
To obtain necessary approvals
from the concerned departments.
To document the social complaints
and prepare the social complaint
register.
Monitoring and evaluation of
environmental & social related
matters of the project.
Carry out consultation with the
locals with regards to any social
issue that needs to be settled
down.
EMMP-SEIA Report
RPF )
National and
International
environmental laws
(NEQS, WB and
ADB).
Public Consultation
and Disclosure Plan
(PCDP).
Reporting system
(EMMP).

ISGS (HSE) HSE

Oversee all the HSE activities
being carried out by EPC
contractors.
Implement the HSE activities as
provided in HSE plan ).
Liaison with EPC contractors and
SC.
HSE procedures of
EPC Contractors.
EMMP-SEIA.
Reporting
mechanism as
given in EMMP.
Comply with

Conduct site visits to ensure
compliance with HSE protocols ).
HSE department will also ensure
the compliance of all safety and
health protocols during the
operation stage.
National and
International Public
Health and Safety
(PHS) Acts.

Supervision
Consultant
Environment
Team
Ensure the implementation of the
mitigation measures suggested in
the EMMP.
Monitor construction activities and
ensure that they are carried out in
an environmentally and socially
sound and sustainable manner.
Liaison with EMC.
Supervise the EPC contractors
activities and make sure that all
the contractual obligations related
to the environmental and social
compliance are met.
Prepared periodic Environmental
Reports and distribute according
to the requirement of EMMP.
SEIA Report.
EMMP-SEIA
Report.
EPC HSE plan ).
PCDP )

EPC
Contractors
HSE Team Compliance of all the monitoring
programmes as given in EMMP
(Mitigation management matrix,
emergency plan, plantation plan,
waste management plan etc.).
Ensure health & safety of site
workers.
Liaison with SCs and HSE
department of ISGS.
Training of workers.
Strict compliance of social
mitigation measures.
Effective liaison with locals and
head of tribes and villages.

Agreement with the
ISGS.
EMMP-SEIA.
Comply with
national health and
safety laws.
SCs environmental
reports.
BWFD

Park
Manager
(HNP-Buzi
Makola-
Dureji Game
Reserve)
and his staff
(game
watchers,
depute
rangers).
Monitor the construction activities
(random checking) whether the
EPC contractor is adhering to
EMMP, national wildlife and other
laws as stipulated in the EMMP.
Monitoring to be conducted in Buzi
Makola, Dureji Game Reserve and
HNP and Northern part of KNP.
Liaison with the ISGS and EMC to
check the compliance of measures
as given in the EMMP for
operational stage.

SEIA Report.
EMMP.
SWD Field
Officers
(KNP)
Monitor EPC Contractors activities
especially in the Amri, Nasri forests
and Indus river pipeline crossing
section and make sure that the
contractors activities are away
from the boundary of KNP.
Do external audit to check whether
Pipeline route-
bypassing the KNP.
EMMP-SEIA.
contractors are adhering to
proposed measures or not.
register its complaints against the
non-compliance of measures
during the operation stage.
BEPA and
SEPA
Audit of the activities being
undertaken by EPC Contractors
and all other organizations as given
in the proposed institutional plan.
check compliance of measures as
given in the EMMP during
operation stage.
EMMP.
SEIA.
PEPA Act, 1997.

Table 6.4: Roles and Responsibilities
6.5 Environmental Management Matrix
The environmental protection and enhancement are achieved in various ways. These
approaches should begin as early as possible. Appropriate environmental management
measures are required to be exercised by ISGS (E&RT/HSE) at each phase of the
project i.e. construction and operation.
The key environmental and social issues, which have already been highlighted in
previous chapters, are as under:
Sensitive and critical habitats (Hingol, Buzi Makola and Dureji) biodiversity;
Community accessibility, resources and complaints;
Contamination of water resources (rivers, streams, natural ponds etc.);
Wildlife damage;
Gender issues; and
Public awareness and participation.
A Mitigation and Management Matrix (MMM) is provided in Table: 6.5, which establish
the linkage between the environmental and social impacts, mitigation strategy and the
agencies responsible for execution. Although the responsibility of monitoring activities
rests with the ISGS (EMC) as proposed in the MMP, some other key stakeholders
36
will
also play a key role as an external auditors to watch and observe whether the
compliance of measures are either being met or not. The upfront roles and
responsibilities of these stakeholders have already been spelled out in the start of this
chapter.

36
Stakeholders identified in institutional arrangements
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
(Actions to be taken or adopted)
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Pre-
Construction
Stage/Design
Stage
1. Physical Environment
Ambient Air Quality Due to the activities such as
topographic surveys,
reconnaissance survey and
geotechnical investigations,
impacted air quality may be
adversely, particularly in
protected areas including Hingol
National Park, Buzi Makola,
Dureji and surroundings of
KNP, Amri and Nasri Forests.
Dust from the earthwork
activities may deteriorate the air
quality.
Emissions of sulphur, nitrogen
and carbon oxide into the air due
to vehicle movements in the
area. (Geo-technical+Topo
survey Investigations)
Good engineering practices being
adopted.
Sprinkling of water where ever
required.
Maintain Plant and equipment to
minimize emission both air and
noise pollution.
Visual monitoring ambient air
quality was under taken.
Survey
Contractors.

Site survey team.
Survey team and
IP-JV Site Team.
Noise Noise pollution may scare away
the wildlife.
Nuisance value to locals residing
very near to the COI.
Contractors / geo-technicals
facilities may raise noise levels in
the area and affect the
environment.
Minor blasting was not in practice
during the geotechnical
investigation.
Use of ear protection.
Less use of horns.
Less traffic movement practices
adopted during the early morning
and evening timings when big
mammals move to ponds,
wetlands and rivers (Dasht, Basol,
Shadi kaur, Indus etc.) for drinking
water.
Contractors facilities including
small camp, has located away
from the possible receptor of noise
pollution i.e. sensitive habitat, built
up area. A sample checklist is
Survey
Contractor.
Contractors team
and IP-JV Site
Team.
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
included in Annex P for the
selection of contractors facilities.
Water Bodies Quality Maintain minimum 500m
distance from sensitive water
bodies of the area including
Jiwani, Miani Hor, Ormara
Turtles Beaches, Rivers, Water
Ponds, Kalmat Khor etc. from
the working areas and other
project ancillary works.

Rivers (Dasht, Hingol, Basol,
Hub, Shadi kaur, Rumaro kaur,
Branguli kaur and Indus etc.)
water quality to be affected due
to pipeline crossing.

The camp sites have been
selected away from water bodies
and all the water requirements
were met without using the local
villages water sources.
.

Preferably pipeline should pass
underneath the rivers and
streams, however if not possible
than open cut method to be the
second option. Indus river crossing
is an issue, both options
considering the technical as well
as financial matters to be
evaluated either above river
crossing or underneath.

IP-JV
Consultants

Survey
Contractor

IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS
Contractors team
and IP-JV Site
Team

IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS
Groundwater
Availability
There are some stretches where
groundwater management for
construction purposes is required
such as RD 10 to 16, RD 60-72,
RD 220-300, RD 470 to 550 and
RD 720 to 775.
A small level feasibility of
groundwater (quality and quantity)
has been conducted for operation
stage. Measures given in this
report to be adequately
implemented (refer chapter 5
IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS
IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Design Impacts.
Compressor Stations
/BV Stations Location
Damage to sensitive areas, flora,
fauna and resettlement issues.
Disposal of wastewater (surface
water contamination).
Fire hazards.
Drinking water quality.
Improper drainage system will
contaminate the soil, agri-areas
(CS-3), water ponding around
the CSs area.
Minimize or completely eliminate
the impacts. Sites have been
selected and there is no issue of
resettlement as none of the CS
sites are located within the
national parks, wildlife sanctuary
areas. However, CS-3 location will
trigger some land acquisition of
agri-areas.
Design includes the water
treatment plant for domestic
usages.
Fire fighting system has been
designed.
Proper drainage system will be
provided.
Treatment (onsite or offsite) of
wastewater before final disposal to
natural streams and rivers.
Installation of noise barriers,
supply of equipment that meets
the NEQS for exhaust of air and
noise.
IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS

IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS
Contractors Camps
Location
Damage to sensitive areas, flora,
fauna and resettlement issues.
Minimize or completely eradicate
the impacts. Sites have been
selected and there is no issue of
resettlement. However, two camps
have been proposed in HNP and
Dureji Game reserve as no other
technically feasible sites were
available.
IP-JV
Consultants

IP-JV Consultants
Logistic (roads) and
Pipeline Security
Accessibility for material
transportation will seriously
damage the sensitive areas
(parks, wildlife sanctuaries etc.)
Utilize existing metalled and dirt
tracks as much as possible. A
detailed logistic study was
prepared as a part of IP-Project
IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS

IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Transportation of pipelines from
Gwader port will affect the
coastal ecology directly or
indirectly (aquatic/mangroves,
green turtles, fish community-
Jiwani, Pasni, ormara) and
Astola island.
Movement of heavy machinery
will directly affect the structural
strength of the roads.
Securit is a serious threat to the
pipeline and other allied
structures.

and it has been planned to utilize
the existing infrastructure (RCD
highway, MCH, Winder Road,
Dureji Hub road, Indus Highway,
Bhit Airport Road etc.)
Transportation of pipelines should
be from Karachi port and then by
road to the pipeline route.
Locals should be involved in
security of pipelines by giving
them incentives such as gas
connections to villages, community
benefit programs including funds
for operations. Also provision of
SCADA monitoring system, video
surveillance to be made in the
design.
Faults There are seventeen fault zones
which either cross the pipeline
route or in close vicinity of the
pipelines C/L. These faults
include both thrust and wrench
faults having orientations ranging
from EW to NE-SW which are
congenial to the variations in the
regional organic framework.

Wherever possible fault zones
should be avoided by routing
away, but since the faults
generally have a considerable
aerial extent, optimized effort
should be made to limit the
number of fault crossings and
suitable locations should be
investigated where other
earthquake induced hazards are
not envisaged. Where fault zones
are to be crossed, to ensure
sufficient strength and ductility, the
pipe trench as well as the backfill /
reinstatement will receive a special
coated design, to withstand
dynamic loading intensity.
IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS

IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS
Construction in
Special Sections
Steep slopes.
Faults.
Preferable construction methods:
Use of cable cars.

Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
(difficult area) High water table area (Sindh
Province)
Narrow mountain corridors
If sustainable construction
methods are not adopted in
above areas, the overall impact
will be of high severity.
Use of sledges for placing the
pipes.
Installations of ditch breakers.
Single joint pipeline installations.
At faults, pipeline to be placed in a
special trench with flat trench
borders and non-cohesive backfill
coating.
Provision of longitudinal drains
below pipeline for high water table
areas.
Pipeline Construction
Plan
If construction philosophy is
unplanned (as per topography of
780 km pipeline length), damage
to environment may be of high
severity.
Pipeline should be constructed
according to the philosophy (Lots A,
B and C) given in the Construction
Methodology Report ).

Uncertainity Location of Contractors Camps:
In total there are expected to be
13 CCs to be constructed along
the IP gas pipeline route (very
tentative location). The exact
number, location and size of
these CCs are still to be
determined, depending upon
factors of EPC Contractors work
strategy, number of locals to be
employed (lodging space to be
applicable), close proximity or
easy access to ROW and cost
feasibility;
Location of Dumping Sites:
There will be 10 Dumping sites
to be developed along the whole
length of pipeline (tentatively
located). These Dump sites will
be utilized for storage of different
Suggestion given under anticipated
impacts.
EPC Contractor EMC

Supervision
Consultants
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
construction materials and
various equipment including
pipes. The final location of these
Dump sites will also be at the
discretion of the EPC
Contractors with the agreement
of Supervisory Consultant and
EMC (ISGS) and;
Location and Identification of
Borrow Areas (Aggregate,
Cement, Sand etc.): There will
be a considerable amount of
borrow materials required for the
construction of pipeline, CCs,
Dump sites, CSs and all other
relevant project facilities during
construction phase. At the time
of this report writing the locations
for borrow areas was not
available at all. The supply of
aggregate and sand for concrete
will either be purchased from
local resources or acquired from
outside the project area. The
final decision on these options
and location of sites will be
determined by the EPC
Contractors with the agreement
of SC and EMC (ISGS).
2. Ecological Environment
Wildlife Pipeline may cause hurdles of
animals movements in the area
and disturb their habitat
particularly in environmentally
sensitive areas e.g. HNP, Dureji
Game Reserve, Buzi Makola
Pipeline route to be planned
through less bio-diversity area of
parks and mainly crosses
disturbed areas of parks.
The workers/drivers should be well
trained and made aware to save
IP-JV Design
Consultants

Survey
Contractor

IP-JV Consultants

Contractors team
and IP-JV Site
Team

Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
wildlife sanctuary etc.
Vehicle movements and human
activities involving site survey,
geotechnical investigation and
environmental sampling process
may scare away the wildlife of
the area.
Wildlife may scare away due to
noise pollution in mainly in HNP,
Buzi Makola and Dureji Game
Reserve.
Movement / operation of
machinery e.g. drilling boreholes,
soil pit etc, in the Sensitive
Habitat areas may affect the
wildlife habitat particularly that of
Ibex, Urial and Chinkara.
Clearing vegetation / removal of
trees and shrubs etc. may
disturb the wildlife and cause
shortage of their food supply
the wildlife from any accidents or
killing/hunting.
Less use of horns, proper and
regular vehicle operation and
maintenance.
Prefer the alternative which
requires less noisy process e.g.
avoid any kind of blasting.
Survey is being planned and
sampling done with minimum work
activities and less damage to
environmentally sensitive area.
Illegal hunting of animals by the
workforce in the protected area is
prohibited and this is being
followed by all the workers.
Survey team is instructed not to
cut the trees during the geo-
technical and topo survey
activities.

Kirthar National Park
(KNP)

Hingol National Park
(HNP)
Crossing KNP will adversely
damage and affect the wildlife
esp. habitat of Chinkara, Ibex
and Urial. KNP is a very
sensitive and critical area and
many previous oil, gas amd
roads projects were shelved in
this area.
Crossing HNP will adversely
damage and affect the wildlife
esp. habitat of Chinkara, Ibex
and Urial. HNP is a very
sensitive and critical area.
Pipeline route should by pass the
KNP.

By pass the HNP is not a feasible
option due to security and
technical constraints. Pipeline
should traverse parallel to MCH
and should be away from
important features such as
princess of hopes.
IP-JV Design
Consultants/ISGS

IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS

Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
3.Social
Land acquisition and
resettlement issues (damage to
structures, houses, commercial
buildings, archaeological
structures, community structures
etc.).
Conflicts with Gwadar Master
Plan.

Route to be optimized with the
task to minimize the private land
acquisition and resettlement and
damage to archaeological sites.
This matter taken into
consideration during the
optimization of route.
All the compensation should be
paid according to the Entitlement
Matrix given in the RPF prepared
as a separate document )
Avoid pipeline passing through
Gwader Master Plan area.
Land Acquisition and
Compensation: ISGS (Company)
must prepare the following
documents related to land
acquisition according to the
agreements of the contract;
Property Documentation
Database, General Land
Acquisition Plan, Specification
ROW database (GDB), Property
Documentation, Proposal of
Compensation Rates, Land
Acquisition Special Manual,
Standard Agreement and
Dossiers. The ISGS (Company)
should prioritize its efforts to
prepare these documents on top-
priority basis so that the
compensation to the PAPs can be
provided according to the RPF and
above database.

IP-JV
Consultants
IP-JV Consultants
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Acquisition of Required Permits: It
is recommended that ISGS
(Company) and EPC Contractors
must obtain several permits and
approvals from concerned
authorities before the
commencement of construction
work. The details of all such
permits is provided in the Authority
Permit Plan );
Construction
Stage
Soil Erosion &
Contamination
Three types of areas are mostly /
highly prone to soil erosion i.e.
flat terrain, badland, hilly area
and rivers and streams. The
construction especially in highly
weathered rocks particularly in
the range of Buzi Pass and along
Makran coast may trigger land
sliding and cause soil erosion.
The route sections i.e. from 15 to
18 km, from 24 to 30 km, from 65
to 68 km, from 85 to 111 km,
from 146 to 149 km, from 395 to
420, and from 730 to 740 km are
prone to soil erosion.
There is a risk of contaminating
land due to inadequate disposal
of liquid waste or accidental spill
of chemical or oil especially in
the proposed thirteen
construction camps and three
CSs site.
The productivity of Agricultural
land may adversely be affected
Avoid unnecessary vegetation
clearance tense to prevent soil
erosion. Use manual methods
wherever possible (chain saw) for
cutting of trees and shrubs.
Land excavation and slopes
cutting should be carefully done by
the EPC contractors to avoid land
sliding and soil erosion.
Temporary and permanent erosion
protection shall be adequately
defined
Not removing top humus soil
stripping to a depth of 0.35 m.
Temporary ROW: Keep the top
soil on site and spread it back on
borrow area or ROW at the
completion of work.
Provide drainage arrangements
and erosion protection at
streams/river crossings, to avoid
soil erosion from rain water and
surface run off.
EPC Contractor EMC and
Supervision
Consultant
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
from earth work activities e.g.
utilizing agricultural land in Sindh
Province for generating borrow
material.
Natural Land Marks of the area
including Princes of Hope, may
be damaged from construction
activities.
Preparation of ROW, contractors
facilities, CSs and pigging
stations may adverse impact on
land use and contaminate soil.
Natural land marks should be
protected from construction
activities by keeping safe distance
i.e. minimum 500m of all project
related activities e.g. Contractors
facilities, access roads, dumping
site etc.
Contractors facilities should be
located away from the sensitive
wildlife habitat. A checklist
provided in Annex (P) needs to be
filled before establishing the sites
for contractors facilities.
If the contractor wishes to develop
the contractor facilities other than
the proposed site than he needs to
develop baseline and get approval
from the relevant authority from his
own expenses.
Loading & unloading of fuel and
various materials should be
properly handled and controlled.
Maintain good housekeeping to
avoid any accidental spill.
Bulk storage of lubricants and
fuels will be permitted only within
the designated places and fuel
tanks must be properly marked by
content and chemicals.
Drip trays will be required to
contain any leaks under stationary
vehicles, items of plant and large
vehicles carrying such fuels.
Provide spill kit near oil storage
area i.e. sand bags, absorbing
pad, shovels etc.
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Any soil contaminated at the site
will be removed and disposed off
at the landfill, burn pit, as
appropriate.
Following types of erosion control
should be provided: (which ever is
feasible)
- Rip Raps
- Stone walls
- Rock berms
- Gabbions
-
Drainage (Agricultural
Areas-Sindh Province)
Disturbance to existing drainage
system of agricultural areas
(RDs 730-780).
All drainage crossing the
ROW/pipe trench are to be cut and
closed off / connected to new drain
collectors, leading to next suitable
discharge location. All drainage cut-
off works will commence immediately
after the ROW clearance.
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultant
Air Quality and
37
Noise Toxic emissions generated from
the, heavy machinery equipment
etc.
Civil and mechanical works may
cause air and noise pollution.
Wildlife may be affected from air
and noise pollution.
The environment of the area is
arid in nature and dust pollution
is likely to occur during
construction phase.
Water sprinkling within COI Area,
borrow areas etc.
Control of vehicular speed and
strictly follow the specified speed
limit.
Plantation of trees/grass in
construction camps.
Compliance of vehicles with
national air emissions standards
(NEQS).
Ensure plant & equipment and
vehicles are properly tuned and
maintained in good working
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultant

37
For parameters to be monitored refer monitoring protocols given in next section
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
condition to minimize exhaust
emissions.
Noise producing works/ activities
should be carried out during day
time in allocated working time.
Contractor to define adequate
work method statements and
procedures to ensure adherence
to the requirements of noise
reduction and minimizing air
pollution (e.g. dust control)
Liquid and Solid Waste
from Contractor
Camps
Improper disposal of sewage,
generated from contractors
camp and site offices may
contaminate land, groundwater
and surface-water including the
sensitive water bodies e.g.
Dasht River, Water Ponds, Hub
River and Indus River, Shadi
kaur etc.
BOD
5
and nutrients are major
pollutants of domestic
wastewater and could adversely
impact the aquatic environment
of the area.
Improper disposal of solid waste
and liquid waste at the camps
and construction sites will be
aesthetically unpleasant and
may cause public health
problems, contaminate important
water sources and damage the
wildlife habitat.
Provision of proper on-site
sanitation systems such as septic
tanks and soakage pits.
Removal of settable solids from
wastewater prior to discharge in to
water bodies.
Prepare and implement Waste
Management Plan to ensure
adherence with SEIA
requirements.
The collected waste should be
disposed off at designated area
preferably away from wetlands,
water ponds and banks of the
Rivers or streams as they are the
important fresh water resource in
the area.
The waste should not be in any
case disposed off near the
boundaries of Hingol, KNP, Buzi
Makola, Miani Hor, Kalmat khor
etc.
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultant
Material Quarries and
Borrow Pits
Soil excavating activities will
cause dust pollution in the area.
Emission from batching plants
Contractor to prepare a borrow
material and quarry restoration
plan and get approval from SC.
EPC Contractor EMC

Supervision
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
and equipment will also
deteriorate the air quality.
Unplanned excavation may
cause soil erosion and land
sliding.
Excavated area may store rain
water and provide breeding
place for mosquitoes.
Borrowing soil from agricultural
land may adversely affect the
land productivity.
Breaking rock or developing
quarry mainly in the Kirthar
Range, HNP, Buzi Makola,
Dureji Game Reserve may
cause noise pollution and
adversely affect the habitat of
Ibex and other protected
mammals.

Air and noise monitoring to be
carried out on the sites.
Carry out regular sprinkling of
water in order to control dust
pollution.
All the plants and equipment
should be tuned and maintained
properly.
Selected borrow area shall be
clearly demarcated with
barricading fence before starting
any soil removal, no soil removal
to be undertaken outside the
demarcated area.
Level the area as far as possible
to avoid storage of rain water at
the completion of excavation.
For agricultural land remove
0.35m of topsoil and store on site
for its re-spread back on the
leveled borrow area.
No borrow area to be considered
within 5km from boundaries of
national parks, protected areas,
game reserves etc.
Consultant
Spoil Spoil to be stored adjacent to the
trench and backfilling of trench
will be from borrow material.
Disposal of this spoil will
generate a significant negative
impact (visual and physical).
For padding and bedding material,
preference should be given to
excavated material (to be crushed)
so that spoil quantity can be
minimized.
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Surface Water Quality Pollutants may flow into wetlands
(Kalmat Khor, Miani Hor etc.)
and Rivers through the creeks
and surface water flow (impact
more significant in wet season).
Construction activities to be
minimized during rainy season.
Wastewater quality should be
tested and confirm that it meets
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Increased Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS) and turbidity in the rivers
due to contaminated runoff from
the construction activities (soil
particles, oil, lubricants, coal tar
etc). This impact is significant in
hilly area e.g. working along
Hingol River, Hub River, Basol
River etc. and in plain area
(Indus River).
Use of surface water sources by
the site workers for cloth
washing, kitchen washing or
recreation activities will
adversely affect the water
quality, particularly in
Balochistan Province due to
scarcity of water sources.
Cleaning, gauging and
hydrostatic testing of pipeline
before operation will generate
contaminated water and if
disposed of in rivers, streams,
nullahs will generate a significant
negative impact.
the NEQS for inland water quality
before its discharged to river or
stream.
Good engineering practices and
good housekeeping to avoid
accidental spills.
Careful measures to be adopted
especially for construction of CS1
located near Dasht River and CS2
located between Prahandrak kaur
and Manaji kaur. No
effluent/oil/grease to be
allowed/permitted (entered) into
above water bodies. .
New water sources should be
developed at all thirteen contractor
camps and three CSs (CS1,CS2
and CS3) e.g. tube well
installation, lay down pipeline for
transporting water from available
water source etc.
An environmental permit to be
obtained from BEPA/SEPA for
extraction and final disposal of
hydrostatic test discharge. It is
recommended that either water
should be treated in evaporation
ponds/lagoons or pass on to next
section of pipeline after primary
treatment (settling ponds).
Strains on Transport
Infrastructure
The pipeline mainly traverses
along the Makran Coastal
Highway with various crossings
at (RD- 31, 69, 100, 176) and
others such as Jinnah Avenue
(RD 72) leading to Gwadar city,
NHA to accord approval for
movement of heavy machinery
and check the weights of the
trucks.
EPC contractor to coordinate with
the concerned office of NHA
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultant
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Ratodero-Gwadar Highway at
(RD 111) and Makran Coastal
Highway again at number of
places (from RD 176 to RD 433),
RCD at RD 551 and Indus
highway at RD 722 and Dureji
Hub road and other various dirt
tracks all along the pipeline
route. These existing roads
infrastructure could come under
high stress when utilized for the
material transportation especially
if more than 50 tonnes of weight
is transported (NHA).
before transportation of material
especially pipes.
EPC Contractor shall prepare a
comprehensive Transport and
Traffic Management Plan
Logistics (roads) Accessibility for material
transportation will seriously
damage the sensitive areas
(parks, wildlife sanctuaries etc.)
Transportation of pipelines from
Gwader port will affect the
coastal ecology directly or
indirectly (aquatic/mangroves,
green turtles, fish community-
Jiwani, Pasni, ormara) and
Astola island.
The existing roads may fracture
under sheer stress and load
intensity of heavy vehicles traffic.
Utilize existing mettaled and dirt
tracks as much as possible. A
detailed logistic study prepared as
a part of IP-Project and it has been
planned to utilize the existing
infrastructure (RCD highway,
Makran Coastal Road, Winder
Road, Dureji Hub road, Indus
Highway, Bhit Airport Road etc.)
Transportation of pipelines should
be from Karachi port and then by
road to the pipeline route.
EPC needs to prepare and
implement a comprehensive
Transport Management Plan.
IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS

IP-JV
Consultants/ISGS
Groundwater Groundwater for construction of
CSs, pipeline construction,
camps etc. if utilized from local
sources which are being used by
local community will trigger the
issue of conflict of interest.
There are some stretches where
EPC contractor should establish
its own groundwater sources
(tubewells etc.).
Detailed assessment of
groundwater to be done.
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultant
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
groundwater management for
construction purposes is required
such as RD 10 to 16, RD 60-72,
RD 220-300, RD 470 to 550 and
RD 720 to 775.
Construction in
Special Sections
(Difficult areas)
RDs 380-440
Steep slopes.
Faults.
High water table area (Sindh
Province)
Narrow mountain sections
If sustainable construction
methods are not adopted in
above areas, the overall impact
will be of high severity
This section is one of the most
difficult in the entire route. It
passes from famous Buzi Pass
Mountains and HNP area.
Some patches are not suitable
for pipeline routing due to some
critical features including
badlands, erosion, active faults,
mud volcano ridges, steep
gradient mountains and deep
gullies and cuts. If construction
not done properly and measure
not taken will be a high negative
impact.
Except above chainage, in other
hilly and semi hilly areas such as
Kirthar ranges, Dureji area, Miski
area etc. the same above
impacts will be generated.
Preferable construction methods:
Use of cable cars.
Use of sledges for placing the
pipes.
Installations of ditch breakers.
Single joint pipeline installations.
At faults, pipeline to be placed in a
special trench with flat trench
borders and non-cohesive backfill.
Number of special measures need
to be taken to avoid the severity of
the impact.
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultant
Compressor
Stations/BVs And
Pigging Stations
Construction of CSs, BV stations
and pigging stations will
generate hazards and accidents
During the construction of such
structures, EPC contractor should
adopt and follow all the Safeguards /
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
hazards on
Workers/Operational
staff
for the general environment and
workers. And if some hazard is
triggered, this will create a high
significant negative impact.
Controls prepared as a part of HAZID
study (Document No B711-ILF-GEN-
HS-REP-0001).
Detailed work procedures shall be
prepared, permit to work system,
adequate training, etc.

Uncertainity Physical Marking of
Environmentally Sensitive Areas:
This uncertainty can raise many
complexities for the project
execution as there is an absence
of physical demarking of
boundaries of environmentally
sensitive areas on site presently.
Any infringement or invasion of
these sensitive areas may lead
to disturbances to wildlife.
Therefore, the EPC Contractors
in agreement with SCs and EMC
(ISGS) must get in touch with the
wildlife departments of Sindh and
Balochistan for obtaining the
clear cut markings of sensitive
areas boundaries, prior to
execution of Project activities on
site.
Suggestion given is under anticipated
impacts.
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Wildlife and Avifauna The key wildlife habitats located
within the ROW of the route are
Buzi Makola Wildlife
Sanctuary, HNP, Dureji Game
Reserve. These provide habitats
for Ibex, Chinkara and Afghan
Urial and some other species.

Before commencement of
construction activities an
awareness program for workers of
EPC contractor to be done related
to matters for protection of wildlife
and EMMP strategies.
Construction machinery should
only move on the designated
EPC Contractor

EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Construction of pipeline will
significantly damage the habitats
and impact will be of high
severity.
The parks and sanctuaries are
home to many birds such as
Lammegier vulture, Bonnelli's
eagle, Imperial eagle, Tawny
eagle, Golden eagle, Eurasian
griffon vulture, Egyptian vulture,
Cinereous vulture, Lagger falcon,
Red-headed merlin, Kestrel,
Close-Barred sandgrouse,
Houbara bustard, Grey partridge,
See See partridge etc.
Construction may disrupt the
habitats of these species.
Few species of animals may be
affected in the river flood plain
area due to extraction of sand for
project activities.
Increase in rodents (mice, rats
etc.) and mosquitoes, bugs and
flies due to the kitchens, and
food storages at thirteen (13)
contractors camps.
Wildlife will be scared away from
the area due to human activities.
Blocking watering points along
the proposed pipeline for the
wildlife and affecting their
seasonal migration.
Illegal hunting or pouching will
reduce wildlife population.
The wildlife may also be prone to
accidents when they are
tracks.
EPC contractor to prepare work
procedures and work method
statements to enforce the
protection of the sensitive areas
and to perform the work to ensure
compliance with the environmental
targets and to properly reinstate
ROW to be compatible with the
environmental sensitivity.
This report shall be made
available to the EPC contractor.
The reports contain some
adequate methods with the
objective to minimize the damage.
Special care should be given to
the sensitive areas and
implementation of control
measures.
Effective monitoring to be carried
out as per the Ecological
Monitoring Plan given in next
section.
Enforce speed limits to maximum
of 20km/hr to avoid accidental
collision with animals/mammals in
the parks and sensitive
environmental sites.
Hunting and pouching of Ibex,
Chinkara and Urial and other
animals (Hyaena) and birds should
be strictly prohibited and if illegal
hunting is practiced by the
workers, heavy penalties should
be practiced according to the local
laws.
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
crossing the access roads or
ROW developed for project
activities as the heavy traffic
movements is anticipated in the
area.
Erosion threats and Landscape
changes in mountainous areas
such as HNP, Dureji Game
Reserve and Kirthar Ranges.
Contractors facilities should be
constituted outside the
environmentally sensitive sites as
far as possible.
Sign posts should be displayed in
wildlife sensitive areas and wildlife
corridors especially HNP (Hingol
River-RD 425) and all other rivers
such as Shadi Kaur (RD 190),
Basol River (RD 304), Hub River
(RDs 619, 622 and 628) and other
small and large natural streams in
parks and sanctuaries.
Night time construction activities
should be prohibited.
Lights used along the route in
parks and game reserve will be
kept to the minimum required
requirements. Low up scatter
lighting will be used as much as
possible.
Duration of construction time
should be minimized by adopting
good construction and managing
practices.
Blasting in semi-hilly and hilly train
in the Parks and Game Reserves
should be minimized and
Contractor to prepare adequate
work method statements and
procedures.
ROW and Access areas must be
restored and EPC contractor must
prepare a restoration plan before
carrying out any construction
activity.
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Feeding and harassment of wildlife
and birds should be prohibited and
heavy penalties should be
imposed on the violators.
Every one tree uprooted on site for
the preparation of ROW and other
contractors facilities should be
replaced with plantation of three
new trees at least.
Consider Best Management
Practices by SC and EPC
Contractor for rehabilitation of COI
and protection of soil structures
(EMMP);
It is suggested that the location of
construction camp in this segment
should be reassessed once again
before the start of construction and
efforts should be made to relocate
it outside the HNP;
Barren and waste land will be
preferred for establishing
contractors facilities;
It is suggested that the works strip
should be further narrowed in this
segment to confine it to only the
necessary space for trench
excavation, placement of topsoil
and rest of excavated material
separately, for displacement of
construction machinery Side
booms required to install the
pipeline in the trench and
displacement of vehicles and
construction machinery at site
In order to minimize soil erosion
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
and land sliding, Construction
activities including excavation,
levelling and backfilling of land will
be conducted during the dry
season in a controlled manner with
extra care to ensure it does not
trigger soil erosion in the hilly
areas of Hingol;
Compacted gravel surfaces to be
used as protective cover on
access roads and around ROW
borrow areas;
Topsoil stockpiles to be stabilized
by physically covering properly
and hydro mulching to prevent
wind or water erosion, to be re-
spread afterwards or disposed off
site properly;
Plastic sheeting and hay bales will
likely be used to control wind or
rainfall runoff (Monsoon season)
until all earthwork is completed;
Stability of new slopes developed
during project activities must be
inspected regularly by an expert
on the subject; Undertake new
plantation to stabilize the slopes in
the area;
Consider Best Management
Practices by SCs and EPC
Contractor for rehabilitation of COI
and protection of soil structures
(refer EMMP);
ROW should be reinstated post
construction to fit as close as
possible to the actual landscaping
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
at the start of the construction; It is
recommended that the trench
should be back-filled as quickly as
possible after each pipeline
section is installed;
Protection of steep slopes should
be stabilized by retaining walls,
gabions, addition of boulders at
the toe-hill, rock berms and
drainage sumps;
Restricting the movement of
construction traffic only to
designated access roads to
prevent excessive disturbance to
native soil;

Aquatic Ecology Working along Dasht River,
Shadi kaur, Basol river, Hingol
river and Indus River may
contaminate river water and
damage the unique aquatic
environment provided in the
rivers delta for mangroves
forest, protected species of
turtles and habitat of blind
dolphins.
Upstream of Dasht River and
Hingol River provide habitat of
Marsh Crocodile which may be
affected from human activities.
Indus River crossing provides
the habitat of blind dolphins.
Contaminating river from
construction activities may
adversely affect the habitat of
blind dolphin and impact will be
No disposal of construction waste
and material, sanitary and
chemical waste from camps into
River and wetlands.
Disposal of excess construction
material and waste to be
addreesed in detail in EPC
Contractors EMMP.
Maintain good housekeeping and
store the material away from the
river banks to minimize the risk of
accidental spills or leakages of
chemical or oil into the water body.
Installing pipeline underground will
reduce the adverse impact on
aquatic life significantly.
Surface water quality and fishing
activities monitoring to be carried
out on regular basis according to
the Monitoring Plans given in next
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
of high severity.
Fish species (in rivers, sea) may
be affected due to water pollution
which causes low DO level.
Increased siltation in the rivers
will reduce micro-invertebrate
population downstream of River
and the wetlands.
Kalmat Khor-RDs 245-285 and
Miani Hor-RDs 487-527 water
quality may be affected due to
un-controlled construction
activities north of these sites.
Birds and aquatic life of these
wetlands may be affected due to
killing, feeding and harassment.
section.
Hunting, pouching, killing, feeding
of migratory birds, fish
communities in Kalmat Khor and
Miani Hor and rivers should be
prohibited and if not adhered to
this instruction heavy penalties to
be imposed.
Killing and catching of blind
dolphins should be prohibited and
if not practiced, heavy penalties
should be imposed. Before starting
any activity along the Indus River,
EPC contractor makes sure that
blind dolphins are away from the
site and strict monitoring activities
to be adopted according to
Ecological Monitoring Plan given
in next section. World Wide Fund
(WWF) should be consulted by the
ISGS and EPC contractor for
construction activities.

Vegetation All along the pipeline route (0-
780 km) various species of flora
exists. Generally, the trees are
scattered and vegetation is
sparse. The trees includes such
as Musca, Wild Kikar and Jand
Kahur. Shrubs found in the tract
are Kash Shez and AK.
Orchards of Date Palm are
present near the settlements and
water bodies. Some sections of
tract have deciduous xero-phytic
trees and shrubs form open
Within ROW, no mitigation
measure can be proposed as the
impact is of residual nature.
However, it is required to plant
three trees (at least) against the
cutting of one tree as
compensation.
EPC contractor to ensure that
excluding ROW no other tree is to
be cut, however, if necessary for
movement of machinery, he will
plant three trees against one tree
of same specie.

Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
communities, related to soil
texture, depth and physiographic
factors. The principal vegetation
of the area comprises Acacia
senegal, Acacia nilotica,
Prosopis cineraria, Tecomella
undulata, Zizyphus nummularia,
Commiphora and stocksiana,
Commiphora wighgtii, Capparis
decidua.
The crops of the tract include
wheat, barley, mutter, pulse of
melons, citrus, chikoo, coconut,
tomatoes, jowar and mash.
Amri Forest: Half of this reserve
forest is under river bed and the
remaining forest has a sparse
growth of Kikar and Kandi
(Prosopis cineraria), which is 6 to
10 years old. Area through which
the proposed alignment passes
is almost devoid of trees.
Nasri Forest: Approximately
1/3rd of its area is under river
bed. Trees found here are
scattered and consist of Babul
(Acacia nilotica) and Kandi. The
undergrowth or the shrubs
consists of Lai, Ak, Chhota Lana,
Grasses include, Kana
(Saccharum munja),Typha
(Typha angustatus).

During the construction working
area and ROW will be totally
cleared and all the vegetation
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
and trees will be removed
permanently. So impact is of
high severighty.
3. Social Environment
Culture Induction of unskilled and skilled
workers from other parts of
country may cause conflicts.
Issues may arise from shared
use by site workers of resources
(water, fuel wood, crops).
Privacy of tribal and rural women
may be affected especially in
Balochistan area.
There could be an interruption to
the access road leading to the
culturally important sites e.g.
Nani Mander, Chandara kup,
Cultural site Hinglaj etc.
All the compensation matters
related to land acquisition and
resettlement should be dealt
before the mobilization of EPC
contractor.
Damage to any kind of
structures/water ponds/bunds,
agri-area/orchards owned by the
community located outside the
working strip and ROW should
be avoided.
In Balochistan, traditionally
people live in close proximity and
are not heavily influenced by
external culture, whereas in
Sindh people live in villages and
to some extent are more
culturally connected. Disturbance
Discourage interaction of outsiders
with locals, however if any issue
arises, EPC contractor should
communicate with the elders/head
of village and settle down the
issue.
All the workers should respect the
local norms of communities
especially in the Balochistan area.
Monitoring and control of activities
of work force that may affect
women in the villages.
Local employment (unskilled)
should be provided in a manner,
giving fair representation to all
tribes in Balochistan and villages
in Sindh province.
Where ever local skilled labour is
available, should be preferred to
be hired for the respective job.
No interruption to culturally
important sites especially in HNP.
Contractor should not utilize the
local villages drinking water
resources and must not damage
the existing infrastructure of the
tribes.
Community complaint registers
must be placed at all construction
sites (pipeline route, camps, and
CSs sites) and all complaints to
be documented and strict
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
to local noms and culture will
have a significant negative
impact if it is triggered by the
outside camp workers.

compliance to be undertaken.
Consultations with locals (tribes)
must be done by the contractor
before making access roads.
Skilled Training Courses: These
courses will improve the capacity
of the unskilled locals in terms of
acquiring better employment
opportunities onshore and
overseas. These skilled training
courses will include Crane
operators, Riggers- who off load
and discharge (training in rigging
and slinging courses), Side Boom
Crane operator, Operation of
trenching machine, Bevelling
machine, Welding operations, Pipe
joint coating (if performed with
foam), Pipe line cleaning
(brush/foam pigs), Training
schools for chefs and stewards
(Catering);
The recommended studies for
DGR and HNP involve capacity
building programs to empower
local women and poor
communities with income
generation opportunities from
alternate means in these remote
villages and a favourable growing
appreciation for the values of Park
and Game Reserve. ISGS
(Company) should devise a
workable strategy by working
closely with relevant departments
(IUCN, WWF, BWFD) at provincial
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
and district levels along with the
local tribes for the Parks and
Game Reserves operational staff
(Park Manager, Divisional Forest
Officer, Wildlife Rangers and
Game Watchers), added improved
facilities (vehicles, sign posts,
equipment, and boundary
markers) and Habitat conservation
strategy in Core Zone areas. The
total cost of the above mentioned
studies need to be evaluated by
the ISGS (Company) in
consultation with the IUCN, WWF
and BWFD;
Health and Safety Traffic at the project sites and
existing road network of the
project area is a safety risk for
the locals, workers and wildlife.
Handling construction material
e.g. cement, steel members etc.
may cause injuries or health
issues.
Diseases such as Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)/Acquired Immune
deficiency Syndrome (AIDs)
transmission between locals and
outsiders is a concern. Other
communicable diseases are also
of concern e.g. Cholera, Malaria,
and Tuberculosis etc.
Emission from batching plants
could cause the skin and
respiratory diseases among the
locals.
Protective Personal Equipment
(PPE) should be provided and
ensured is properly worn by all site
workers.
Limiting vehicular speed in
accordance with sensitivity of the
area and safety for the
construction staff.
Anti-malarial measures adopted to
prevent diseases through
extermination of larvae, and
vaccination to people.
Proper sanitation conditions to be
provided.
Provision of basic medical facilities
to be made available.
Health education to workers and
local people especially awareness
of HIV/AIDs.
AIDS test (and TB) for all staff and
workers, and provide anti-retroviral
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Accidents such as fires, blasts in
storage tanks, pipeline sabotage,
leakages of chemicals, leak
ruptures possibilities, third part
interference, land hazards, attack
on construction staff from
terrorists etc. is a significant
negative impact and is of high
severity.
Illness of workers, food
contamination, water
contamination, diseases generate
due to bad housekeeping etc. is
also a high severity impact.

drugs to all workers tested HIV+.
Establish and implement an
HIV/AIDS prevention program.
Strict adherence to HSE plan,
emergency plan (given in next
sections) by the contractor. Details
of above plans will be reported in a
separate report. Similarly all the
security issues to be handled with
respect to Security Study
(conducted as a separate study) ).
Contractor to prepare his own
HSE plan and detailed procedures

Aesthetics Construction activities including
excavating, leveling or clearing
the vegetation will adversely
affect the aesthetic value of the
area. Illegal waste dumping also
deteriorates landscape of the
area etc.
Unique natural land marks e.g.
Princes of Hope, naturally
made sphinx, Buzi Pass etc.
are located along the pipeline
and can be damaged.

Strict compliance to Waste
Management Plan (EMMP) to be
prepared by Contractor.
Plant three new trees (at least) for
each tree cut on site for execution
of the project.
Contractors camp should be
constructed away from sensitive
habitats.
Maintain minimum distance i.e.
500m from the natural land marks
in the area.
EPC Contractor EMC
Supervision
Consultants
Archaeological sites Caves of ancient civilizations
Princess of Hope
Graveyard of Muhammad Bin
Qasims Companions
Shah Noorani Shrine/Darbar
Immediately cordon off the area in
case of new discovery of
archaeological sites. Contact local
district administration, police and
cultural and archaeological
departments and handover the site
to these departments.
EPC Contractor ISGS
(EMC)/Supervisory
Consultants
Operational 1. Physical Environment
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Stage
Air Quality and Noise Emissions from CSs (CS1, CS2
& CS3) may deteriorate ambient
air quality and cause skin or
respiratory problems for the
operational staff and residents of
the CS compound.
Vehicles movement at CSs and
along the pipeline for periodic
inspection and maintenance may
cause noise and dust pollution.

Compliance monitoring of vehicles
and emissions (NEQS).
Generators to be placed in
confined and covered areas.
Equipments Stack height should
be calculated and constructed
according to the specification in all
three CSs.
Filter bags, scrubbers etc. to be
maintained in the stacks of
generators and other equipment (if
applicable) for control of high
concentrations of gaseous
emissions.
Control of vehicular movement.
(20 to 30 km/hr speed limit).
Un-tuned vehicles should be
disallowed for operation.
Implementation of tree plantation
program within the CS
compounds.(See Tree plantation
programme EMMP)
Heavy vehicles must have special
air filters and centrifugal fuel filters
to reduce toxic air emissions.
ISGS ISGS (EMC)

Natural Drainage Operational drainage problems
near streams / river crossings
(Dasht River, Indus River,
Shadi Kaur, Hub River, Basol
River etc.)

Examine cross drainage structures
periodically and maintain them in
good working conditions.
Follow Operation & Maintenance
manual (if any).
ISGS ISGS (EMC)

Soil Quality Improper disposal of chemical or
oil based material at three CSs
could contaminate land.
Chemicals and oil based material
should be stored in prepared
bonded area.
-

ISGS (EMC)
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Illegal dumping of solid waste
may also deteriorate the soil
quality and land productivity.
Damage to soil (contamination
and corrosion) due to pipeline
gas leakages etc.

Strict adherence to Waste
Management Plan (A draft has
been prepared by the Consultants
but actual document to be
produced by the Contractor). This
plan provides details of waste
storage, transportation and final
disposal arrangements.
Land use Patterns Change in land use pattern of
ROW.
Residual Impact. However, no
further damage to land.
ISGS ISGS (EMC)
Groundwater Rigorous pumping of
groundwater at CSs may
adversely impact on groundwater
table.
Leakage in underground oil or
chemical storage tanks could
deteriorate groundwater quality
and eventually the river water
quality as river water re-charges
the groundwater of the area.
Inappropriate disposal of
wastewater generated at CSs,
pigging stations and staff colony
may deteriorate groundwater.

Unnecessary pumping of
groundwater should be avoided.
Underground tanks or containers
should be inspected and repaired
on regular basis and regular
inspection of structural integrity of
concrete plant forms within the
compound of CSs.
Wastewater should be disposed
off according to Waste
Management Plan.
Wastewater effluent should be
tested on regular basis before
discharged to natural water body.
Strict adherence of monitoring
program provided in next section.
ISGS ISGS (EMC)
Surface Water Leakage or accidental /
intentional spills of chemicals or
oil could contaminate sensitive
water bodies near the CSs
including Dasht River,
Prahandrak kaur and Manaji
kaur or canal water near CS3.
Improper disposal of wastewater
from CSs and pigging stations
Liquid waste must be disposed off
according to Waste Management
Plan.
Waste water effluent should be
tested in regular intervals.
Strict adherence to monitoring
program (given in next section).
Strict adherence to instructions
provided in the MSDS sheets
ISGS/EPC
Contractor
ISGS (EMC)
BEPA/SEPA
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
may contaminate the rivers or
other sensitive water bodies of
the area e.g. Dasht River, Shadi
Kaur, Hub river, Basol river,
Canals etc.
Cleaning, gauging and
hydrostatic testing of pipeline
before operation will generate
contaminated water and if
disposed off in rivers, streams,
nullahs will generate a significant
negative impact.

provided by the suppliers of the
equipments.

Solid Waste Improper handling of the solid
waste (generated from the CSs
and domestic sources) will affect
land and aesthetic value of the
Project.

Vehicles used for disposal of
waste should be covered and
enclosed to prevent leaks.
Waste from the dispensary/first aid
facilities should be incinerated.
Waste collection system should be
developed and disposed off
according to the Waste
Management Plan.
ISGS ISGS (EMC)

Compressor
Stations/BV
Stations/Pigging
Stations
Operations of CSs, BV stations
and pigging stations will
generate hazards and accidents
for the general environment and
workers and operational staff.
And if some hazard is triggered,
this will create a high
significance negative impact.
All the systems should be run,
operated and maintains according
to the Safeguards / Controls
prepared as a part of HAZID
study).

ISGS ISGS (EMC)
Uncertainity Pipeline Security Issues (Lapse
or Breach): The IP gas pipeline
route passes through a region
where many tribes are present
especially in Balochistan. These
areas like rest of Balochistan are
For safe and secure operation of
the pipeline, gas connections
should be provided to the locals
for their domestic and commercial
purposes. And community benefit
programme has also been
ISGS ISGS (EMC)
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
largely underprivileged in terms
of social and economic
development in comparison to
other parts of Pakistan. This
deprivation over the years has
contributed to a sense of
resentment and fury among the
average population of the largest
province of Pakistan. This has
lead to widespread socio-political
enmity and has also allowed
certain hostile organizations to
surface and conduct miscreant
activities almost on daily basis in
different parts of the province. In
the IP projects perspective, any
sudden and unforeseeable
terrorism activity by a terrorist
organization on the IP gas
pipeline can undermine life and
property alike-an uncertain issue.
developed to ensure the security
of the pipeline
Vegetation Using of wood as a fuel at CSs
may adversely impact on
vegetation of the area.
Heavy operation vehicles
movement may damage crops or
agricultural land.
Off road vehicle movement near
CSs and during routine
inspection of pipeline may
damage the existing vegetation
especially the trees (refer
species mentioned in
construction stage impacts
above-Vegetation).
Proponent to prepare a Forest
Plantation Plan and implement it.
Gas to be utilized in the CSs for
domestic as well as other usages.
The staff movements should be
restricted in environmentally
sensitive or forest reserve areas.
Display sign posts and implement
traffic management plan during
project operational phase.
Lighting outdoor fire should be
strictly prohibited.
No tree to be cut for fire purposes.
ISGS ISGS (EMC)
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
Wildlife Operational activities of CSs
could cause noise and dust
pollution and adversely affect the
routine life of wildlife.
Heavy machinery and vehicle
movements in the area may
scare away the wildlife.
Impact on existing water sources
e.g. water pond, rivers etc. will
affect the health of wildlife of the
area.
Hunting and pouching of wildlife
in national parks/game
reserve/wildlife sanctuary (Ibex,
Chinkara and Urial) and
migratory birds (Kalmat
khor/Miani Hor) by operational
staff.
Strict adherence on Monitoring
Program (given in next section).
Deliveries should be arranged
during day timings.
Movements of wildlife to water
points should not be hurdled from
operational activities.
Illegal hunting or pouching of
animals should be monitored and
heavy fines to be imposed if
hunting or killing done by
operational staff.
ISGS BEPA
SEPA
Aquatic Life Discharge of wastewater into the
rivers may adversely impact
finally on aquatic life particularly
Jiwani and Ormara Turtles and
Marsh Crocodiles (Dasht and
Hub rivers).
Human activities e.g. bathing,
cloth washing at rivers and
wetlands may adversely affect the
aquatic life of the area.

Wastewater effluent should be
tested before discharge into the
river to ensure it meets the
relevant NEQS level.
Human activities i.e. bathing,
washing etc should be banned in
rivers and wetlands.
ISGS BEPA
SEPA
3. Social Environment
Safety and Health Interaction of tribal people with
the operational staff of CSs and
repair workers may expose to
diseases such as HIV/AIDS.
Workers susceptible to attack
Establishment of HSE department
within the existing organization
structure of ISGS.
Provision of HSE staff at all three
CSs.
ISGS ISGS (EMC)
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
from big mammals and Marsh
Crocodiles.
Emissions from CSs (CS1, CS2
and CS-3) and dust pollution may
affect human health and create
respiratory problems, lung
diseases, heart diseases etc.
Accidents such as fires, blasts in
storage tanks, pipeline sabotage,
leakages of chemicals, leak
rupture possibilities, third party
interference, land hazards, attack
on operational staff from terrorists
etc. is a significant negative
impact and is of high severity.
Illness of operational staff, food
contamination, water
contamination, diseases
generation due to bad
housekeeping etc. is also a high
severity impact.

The workers should be trained in
occupational health and safety and
be equipped with PPEs.
Limit vehicular speed to 20-
30km/hr inside the facilities to
avoid accidents and development
of bumps.
Anti-malarial measures to be
adopted for preventing the spread
of malaria amongst the workers by
elimination of the larvae or giving
proper vaccination to the workers.
Bi-annual medical inspection of
workers should be done for the
diseases.
Residential sanitation and drinking
water system should be inspected
regularly.
Strengthen local services and
infrastructure.
Basic medical facilities should be
developed within the CSs
compounds.
Establish and implement an
HIV/AIDS awareness and
prevention program.
Refer Security Study conducted as
a part of this project that covers the
modalities for safety of compressor
stations and staff plus any terrorists
attack on pipeline and compressor
stations. Strict adherence to all
recommendations of this study.
ISGS to establish organisation and
procedures to ensure
implementation of HAZOP and
Project Stage
Environmental
Parameter
Anticipated Impacts
Mitigations
Executing
Agency
Monitoring
Agency
HAZID items for operation phase.
Cultural Disputes Outside worked may cause
conflicts with locals especially the
tribes due to gender
unawareness, use of community
resources etc.
Rural women privacy may also be
affected.
Conflicts due to lack of interest
and aggressive behavior of
operational staff.
Non-implementation of
community benefits programs.
Interference in local cultural
norms by the operational staff.
Awareness programs between the
community and operational staff as
and when required.
Mobility of workers closely
monitored to prevent clashes with
the tribes men.
Provision of all benefits programs
to the locals (given in EMMP).
Establishment of community liaison
office.
Strict monitoring (social monitoring
program given in next section).
Strict monitoring to check if any
clash arises with the local women
privacy.
ISGS ISGS (EMC)
Table 6.5: Mitigation Management Matrix
6.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan
6.6.1 General
Importance of monitoring cannot be over-emphasized since it provides timely and
useful information to the project management, implementation agencies and the policy
decision makers. Conceptually, monitoring means to check and balance, on a regular
basis, the status of the project activities and realization of various developmental targets
during construction, operation and maintenance. It helps in timely identification/analysis
and removal of the bottlenecks and expediting actions. In fact, project monitoring is a tool
to serve the interests of the project planners, executors and operation managers, as they
share common concern for timely corrective measures.
6.6.2 Monitoring Strategy
Under the proposed monitoring strategy, it is recommended that EMC will play a key role
for compliance of all the monitoring activities during construction phase. All the findings
and results in the form of a monitoring report will be finally passed on to GM (Tech) for
further actions. The monitoring program has been designed carefully considering the
identified impacts (chapter-5) and some additions or deletions may be taken up in this
program after learning lessons from one year operation of the project through Change
Record Register. Proposed environmental monitoring points during construction and
operation phase of the project are shown in the Annex T. The proposed environmental
monitoring program for construction and operational phase of the project is provided in
Table 6.6.

CP= Construction Phase
OP= Operation Phase
EPC= Engineering, Procurement and Construction
SC= Supervision Consultants
BEPA= Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency (External Auditor)
SEPA= Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (External Auditor)
BWFD= Balochistan Wildlife and Forest Department (External Auditor)
SWD= Sindh Wildlife Department (External Auditor)

Sr.
No.
Receptor or Item Location Monitoring Mechanism No. Frequency and Parameters
Monitoring
Agency
1 Surface Water
Resources/Water
Quality

Segment 1 (0-180 KM)

Dasht River
12 km from Iran Border

Akra Kaur

Akra Dam ( north of pipeline)

Man made wetland

Sawar Kaur - East of Pasni


Shadi Kaur
Rumaro Kaur

Segment 3 (240-300KM)

Kalmat Khor Lake

Discrete grab sampling
and laboratory testing
of water samples by
approved laboratory
from authorities and
regulators.

Quarterly (CP) - 16 points
Annually (OP) - 16 points

Parameters:
Color
Odor
pH
Turbidity
Electrical Conductivity
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Suspended Solids
(TSS)
Calcium Hardness
Magnesium Hardness
Magnesium
Oil & Grease
Chloride (Cl)
Sulfate (SO
4
)
Nitrates (NO
3
)
Flouride (F)
(SAR)
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

BEPA
(External
Audit-upto
Segment 6
and further
onwards by
SEPA)
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency

Down Stream of Prahandrak
Kaur


Upstream of Hingol River


Miani Hor Lake


Winder Nai Nullah
Hub River


Indus River Near Amri Village


Canal Water Near CS3
Residual Sodium Carbonate
(RSC)
Ammonia
Chromium (Cr)
Copper (Cu)
Lead (Pb)
Mercury (Hg)
Selenium (Se)
Nickel (Ni)
Silver (Ag)
Zinc (Zn)
Iron (Fe)
Barium (Ba)
Manganese (Mn)
Chlorine
Boron (B)
Cadmium (Cd)
Arsenic (As)
Biological Oxygen Demand
(BOD
5
)
Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD)
Total Colony Count
Total Coli forms
Faecal Coli forms (E. Coli)
Faecal Streptococci/
Enterococci
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency
2 Ground Water
Resources/Water
Quality
From nearest settlement at
116 RD

Water Supply Tube well for
Pasni

Near Coast Guard Post on
Makran Highway


RD 287- Nearest settlement
of Kalmat Khor Wetland


Collect from Ormara Town


Hingol Town


Nearest well of Miani Hor
Lake


From Dureji Town
from the existing
groundwater source
e.g. handpump, open
well, tube well etc. and
laboratory testing of
water samples by the
approved laboratory
from authorities and
regulators.

Quarterly (CP) 11 points
Once a year (OP) 4 points

Refer above parameters
except BOD
5
and COD

EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

BEPA
(External
Audit-upto
Segment 6
and further
onwards by
SEPA)

Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency


Near Amri Village


At National Highway N-5
settlement of Qazi Ahmed

Near Compression Station at
Shaheed Benazirabad
3 Rivers and natural
streams near the
compressor
stations,
contractors camp
and dumping sites
(Dasht River,
Hingol River,
Basol River, Hub
River, Indus River
Akara Kaur, Paleri
Kaur, Sawar Kaur,
Shadi Kaur,
Branguli Kaur,
Rumaro Kaur,
Rachi Kaur,
Prahandrak Kaur,
Manaji Kaur, Phor
Nai, Chank Dhora,
Chharari Dhora
etc.)
Selected effluent discharge points at:
CSs.
Pigging Stations.
Residential areas.
Contractors camps.
Dumping sites.
Batching Plants (for CS
construction).
Fuel (Petrol, Oil and Grease)
products storage.
Vehicles and machine repairing
and servicing yards.
of wastewater effluents
by the authorized
laboratory by
authorities & regulators.

Quarterly (CP) 13 points
(13 contractors camp)

Bi-annually - during OP 5
points (3 CSs, residential
colonies and pigging stations
and two additional pigging
stations).

For parameters refer Sr.
No. 1

EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

BEPA/SEPA
(External
Audit)

Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency

4 Soil Erosion,
contamination,
Agricultural land,
developed or
builtup area,
infrastructure
(roads, utility
services etc).
Equipment washing yards (near
contractor camps and dumping
sites).
Spillage points of fuel, chemicals
and lubricants.
Borrow and quarry areas.
ROW strip.
Storage pond areas.
Effluent treatment ponds areas.

Visual observations.
by the approved
Laboratory from
regulator & authorities.

Bi-annually (CP)
Approximately 11 points.
Quarterly (OP) and in
addition after heavy rainfalls
Parameters: Oil and grease,
chlorides, and metals.
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
6 Dust Emissions
(Settlements,
wildlife, workers,
road traffic etc.)
Construction site (ROW).
Contractor camp and dumping
sites.
Borrow areas.
Blasting activities.
Traffic influx along pipeline
site/access roads.
At RD 9, 70, 103, 283, 327, 431,
542, 635, 723 and 775 (Ambient
air quality monitoring done for
baseline conditions).
Visual observations.
Traffic speed
monitoring.
PM
10
monitoring by the
approved laboratory
from regulator and
authorities.
As and when required.
Ambient Air monitoring
Quarterly (CP)
approximately 15 points.
Ambient Air monitoring
biannually (OP)
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
7 Noise Pollution
(Settlements,
wildlife, workers
etc.)
Construction site (ROW).
Contractor camp and dumping
sites.
Borrow areas.
Blasting activities.
Traffic influx along pipeline
site/access roads.
At RD 8, 66, 103, 187, 283, 377,
Instrumental noise level
monitoring.
Quarterly (CP)
Bi-annually (OP)
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency
431, 468, 504, 550, 568, 635,
700, 723 and 775 (Noise
monitoring done for baseline
conditions).

8 Fumes and gases
(Settlements,
wildlife, workers
etc.)
Emissions from silencers of
heavy machinery, generators,
trucks and other motor vehicles.
Batching plants.
CS generators stacks).
At RD 9, 70, 103, 283, 327, 431,
542, 635, 723 and 775 (Ambient
air quality monitoring done for
baseline conditions).
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring by the
approved laboratory
from regulator and
authorities.
Quarterly (CP)
Bi-annually (OP)
Approximately 5 points (at CSs
and Piging Stations).
Monitoring of air pollution
parameters including NO
x
, SO
x
,
CO
x
, PM
2.5
, Lead,
Hydrocarbons.
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
9 Land Agricultural area in Sindh.
Strip along both sides of ROW.
Areas near the elaborate-traffic
flow/jang etc., construction
camps, CSs, etc.

Visual checks. Land use change.
(as and when required during
CP and OP).
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
10 Solid Wastes
(Land, Rivers and
natural streams)
CSs.
Contractors camps.
Dumping sites.
Construction activities near water
bodies/Rivers.
Visual checks.

Quarterly (CP)
Quarterly (OP)

EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
11 Dasht River/Jiwani
Wetland Forests
(habitat of Marsh
Crocodiles, Green
Dasht River 12 km from Iran
Border/ Jiwani Coastal Wetlands.
Visual checks. Random
counting of Crocodiles
Quarterly (CP) and as and
when required during the OP.
Crocodiles.
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency
Turtles,
Mangrooves)

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
BWFD/BEPA
12 Kalmat Khor-
Wetlands
(WaterFowl/
Mangrooves/Aquat
ic Life)
East of Pasni (RD 240) Visual checks Quarterly (CP).
As and when required (OP).
Illegal hunting.
Poaching .

EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
BWFD/BEPA
13 Buzi Makola
Wildlife Sanctuary
(Ibex, Urial,
Chinkaras and
other animals)
North of Kalmat Khor (RD 250) Visual checks and
Lines/Transects
method/Counting.
Quarterly (CP).
Annually (OP).
Illegal hunting/poaching.
Counting.

EPC
Contractor
(CP) and third
party

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
BWFD/BEPA/
HNP Park
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency
Manager

14 Ormara Beaches
(Turtles, Marine
life)
Ormara (RD 340). Visual checks.

Quarterly (CP).
Annually (OP).
Illegal hunting or stealing
eggs etc.

EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
BWFD/BEPA
15 Hingol National
Park (Marsh
Crocodiles, Ibex,
Urial, Chinkara
Gazelle, Migratory
birds etc.)
Southern part of HNP. Visual checks and
Lines/Transects
method/Counting.
Weekly (CP).
Annually (OP).
Illegal hunting, poaching,
killing of mammals and
reptiles (river) and water
birds.
Fires (especially during the
dry season).
Vegetation clearing.

EPC
Contractor
(CP) and third
party

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
BWFD/BEPA/
HNP Park
Manager

16 Miani Hor
Wetlands
Miani Hor area (whole) Visual checks. Quarterly (CP).
Annually (OP).
EPC
Contractor
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency
(Water fowl,
Migratory birds,
Fish population,
Mangroves forest)
Illegal hunting or poaching of
birds.

(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
BWFD/BEPA

17 Dureji Game
Reserve-
(Ibex, Urial,
Chinkara Gazelle)

West of KNP boundary (RD 630-
660)
Visual checks
especially on the Ibex,
urial and chinkaras and
Lines/Transects
method/Counting.

Weekly (CP).
Annually (OP).
Illegal hunting, poaching,
killing of mammals.
dry season).

EPC
Contractor
(CP) and third
party

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
BWFD/BEPA/
HNP Park
Manager
18 KNP
(Ibex, Urial,
Chinkara Gazelle)
Pipeline route (by-passing
through the northern boundary of
KNP)
Visual checks.
Transects.
Weekly (CP).
Annually (OP).
dry season).
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency

EPC and
ISGS report
to
SWD/SEPA
19 Amri and Nasri
Riparian Forests

On the left and right and bank of
River Indus (RD 722)
Trees count Weekly (CP).
Annually (OP).
Clearance of vegetation.
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
SWD/SEPA
20 Indus River
(Blind Dolphins,
Aquatic life)
Indus River (RD 721-RD 725) Visual damage checks
Counting (blind
dolphins)

Weekly (CP).
Bi-annually (OP).
Illegal hunting/ Pouching of
blind dolphins.
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/Third
party

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to
SWD/SEPA/
WWF
21 Local Residents Villages (around 61 Nos) along
the Pipeline route (refer baseline
Consultations
according to
Quarterly (CP).
EPC
Contractor
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency
-SEIA) PCDP
38
Problems to be faced by the
residents due to the project
activities such as
accessibility, movement
hindrance, noise and air
emissions conflicts, culture
etc.
Identification of important
concerns.
Community participation.
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS to make
close liaison
with village
heads and
elders
22 Selected
workers/Labor/Op
er-ational staff
13 Construction Camps
3 CSs
Medical checkups
(health issues)
-HIV/AIDS and other
diseases
Bi-annually (CP).
Once in a year (OP).

EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
23 Women residents Villages along the Pipeline route
(refer baseline-SEIA)
Consultations
according to
PCDP.
Quarterly (CP).
Cultural conflicts.
Security.
Livelihood.
Privacy
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
24 Community
Benefit Programs
Identified villages (EMMP) Legal documentation
regarding transfer of
assets.

ISGS-EMC
(OP)

25 Community
Concerns
Villages along the route Social Complaint
registers.
As and when complaint is
registered.
EPC
Contractor

38
Prepared as a separate document )
Sr.
No.
Monitoring
Agency
List of concerns and its
redressal.

(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
26 Archaeological
Sites
Hingol Park;
Near Amri and Nasri areas;
Caves of pre-historic Civilization;
Graveyard of Muhammad Bin
Qasim Companions;
Princess of Hope; and
Shah Noorani Shrine.
Visual checkups As and when required
(CP/OP).
EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-EMC
(OP)

EPC and
ISGS report
to cultural and
archaeologica
l departments
of Balochistan
and Sindh
provinces
27 Safety and
Security
Construction sites
CSs
Follow up of protocols
of HAZOP/HAZID
reports.
Routine monitoring (CP/OP).

EPC
Contractor
(CP)/SC to
supervise

ISGS-HSE
(OP)
Table 6.6: Recommended Monitoring Protocol

6.6.3 On-Site Monitoring
The detail plan for monitoring is provided in Table 6.7. The plan has proposed testing of
parameters to be done by a third party; however, there are some basic parameters that
need to be measured onsite by the ISGS (EMC) during the operation stage for water and
noise as and when required. Measurement of concentration of these parameters will
initially provide a snap shot of pollution. Therefore, ISGS should procure the equipments.
Costing and other information is provided in Table 6.7.
No. Item
Quantity/
Number
Estimated Price (USD)
1 BOD
5
Kit 1 $3500
2 pH, DO, EC & TDS meter 1 $2,200
5 Glass Apparatus-Volumetric A grade Lump sum $ 500
6
Chemicals A.R. grade and special
suiting the above item No. 1.
Lump sum
$ 150 (BOD microbe
capsules)
$450 (BOD bottles)
7 Noise level meter 13 $ 4550
9 Miscellaneous items Lump sum $ 1000
Total Cost (Rs) 116,9421 ($ 12,350)
Conversion Rate 1 US$ = 94.69 Pak Rs as on Augest 2012
Table 6.7: Equipment for Water and Air Quality Monitoring
6.7 Waste Management Plan
6.7.1 Introduction
It has been envisaged that various types of waste (solid and liquid) are to be generated
during the course of the construction of the pipeline and future normal operational
business activities.
This Waste Management Plan (WMP) describes the framework of waste management
program and provides general procedures or guidance on routine waste management
issues. Furthermore, it contributes to ensuring that the capacity and the nature of
collection and treatment systems are inline with the waste to be managed. This plan also
addresses how potentially hazardous and non-hazardous waste will be managed by
EPC contractor during construction and ISGS during operational phase of the project.

The Plan is intended to serve as:
A primary waste management reference document;
A basis for the EPC Contractor to develop the detailed WMP for construction and
then further for operation by ISGS;
A training tool and;
Compliance bench mark.
The framework of plan may be revised. All revision should be documented and additional
training provide to personnel that may handle or manage waste.
6.7.2 Waste Management Policy
The waste management policy focuses on reducing waste volumes and handling any
solid or liquid waste that is generated in an environmentally sound manner. The overall
waste management policy consists of following points:
Follow processes that inherently generate less waste streams;
Look for modification in the processes with the aim to minimize waste quantities
generated from sources;
Maximize recycle or re-use of waste streams;
Provide safe storage and handling procedures for waste streams;
Effective monitoring of 3
rd
Party, disposal units; and
Inventory control, audit and post project evaluation of regulatory trends to ensure
continued compliance.
Waste must be managed in accordance with the waste management procedures and
systems as given in this Plan and in compliance with National and international
regulations. All hazardous waste must be managed in containers or other approved
waste storage mechanisms, non-hazardous waste must be managed with appropriate
operating practice.
6.7.3 National and World Bank Waste Management Regulations
6.7.3.1 National Rules & Regulations
Environmental Protection Act 1997
Section 11 of the PEPA prohibits discharge of liquid waste in an amount of concentration
that violates the NEQS. Unfortunately, presently National laws are silent about the NEQS
of solid waste.

Hazardous Substances Rules, 2003
The rule describes the procedure of handling, transportation and disposal of hazardous
substances and hazardous waste. The level of safety precautions are provided in this
regulation.
Hospital Waste Management Rules, 2005
In these rules, handling, transportation and disposal of hospital or clinical waste is
described.
Guidelines for Solid Waste Management
A draft guideline for solid waste management was provided by Pakistan Environment
Protection Agency in 2005. The guideline defines different types of waste and their
handling and disposal procedure. Data regarding the waste generation and collection in
big cities of Pakistan is included in the guideline. Suggestions were also made in the
guideline to improve the waste management system of Pakistan.
6.7.3.2 Institutions and Responsibilities
Public Health Engineering Department
The provincial Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) has the main responsibility
for the development and maintenance of water and sanitation services including solid
waste management, particularly for rural area and large scale projects. In addition
Development Authorities (DAs) and Water and Sanitation Authorities (WASA) are
providing similar services in large urban centers.
Town/Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMAs)
Under the devolved local government system, the TMAs are responsible for the solid
waste collection, transportation and disposal. This system is applicable in two districts of
Sindh Province i.e. Hyderabad and Karachi. Water and sanitation services are also
assigned to TMAs at Tehsil and/or town level. WASA is responsible and manages water
and sanitation facilities in case of city district.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) has been established under section
(5) of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. Basic functions of Pak-EPA are to
prepare or revise and establish the NEQS with approval of the council.
Under the Act, EPA drafted and notified the following rules and carried out studies
relevant to waste management in Pakistan.
NEQS for Wastewater Effluents;
Hospital Waste Management Rules, 2005;
Draft Hazardous Substances Rules, 2003;
Draft Guideline for Solid Waste Management, 2005;
Final Report for Domestic Solid Waste Management in Pakistan, 2002;
Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Islamabad;
Waste Amount Survey in Multan, 2004;
Waste Amount Survey in Islamabad, 2004; and
Karachi Investigation on Industrial Water Quality, 2001.
Pak-EPA dedicates power to provincial EPA to manage the environmental concerns of
their respective province, which in case of Iran-Pakistan Pipeline project are Sindh-EPA
and Balochistan-EPA.
6.7.3.3 World Bank Rules & Regulation
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook
This book was prepared by a team from WB and the IFC. The Handbook is specifically
designed to be used in the context of the WB Groups environmental policies, as set out
in Opertional Policy (OP) 4.01, Environmental Assessment and related documentation.
The book provides basic principles for waste minimization in industrial processes, where
minimization is taken to include avoidance of the generation of waste, when practical and
the productive utilization of any wastes that are generated. Managing hazardous waste is
discussed in depth and outlines the key elements of management of hazardous waste
system i.e. (a) policies, institution and effective regulations and (b) adequate and
acceptable disposal facilities, either public or private.
Guideline is provided in the handbook for managing the waste generated from different
industries e.g. oil and gas developments, breweries, coal mining and production, cement
industries, coke manufacturing etc. The guideline includes characteristics of the waste,
preferred method of treating and the target level of contaminants in solid and wastewater
effluent for safe disposal of the waste.
WB can assist governments in designing and implementing hazardous waste
management system and in the provision of appropriate treatment and disposal facilities
often with the involvement of the private sector.
Strategic Planning Guide for Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM)
This guideline is published by WB. The guide aims to provide information, supporting
methodologies and tools to assist development of Strategic MSWM Plans at the local
and regional level. The primary target audience is local and regional authorities in
developing countries and economies in transition, but much of the material in the
Planning Guide will be relevant and of use to all countries.
6.7.4 Definitions of Different Types of Waste
Waste can be defined as any substance or object that you discard, intend to discard, or
are required to discard is waste and as such is subject to a number of regulatory
requirements. Even if material is sent for recycling or undergoes treatment in-house, it
can still be waste. IP Pipeline project is a civil engineering construction project and the
type of wastes potentially arising during construction and operational phase of the project
are briefly described below:
6.7.4.1 Inert Waste
Such waste includes only non-biodegradable and non putrescible solid waste e.g.
concrete, bricks, cement, sand, debris etc.
6.7.4.2 Domestic Waste
Waste that is generated from human activities, including solid (e.g. leftover food, food
containers, office waste etc.), liquid (e.g. used cooking oils etc), sanitary waste (waste
from toilets, bathrooms, laundary and kitchen drains not treated in a septic or sewage
treatment facility). Normally these are the waste which exceeds the national relevant
NEQS.
6.7.4.3 Industrial Waste
Solid, semi solid and unwanted or residual material (not including hazardous or
biodegradable material) usually generated from an industrial operation.
6.7.4.4 Liquid Industrial Waste
Waste from industrial sources that are non-hazardous but liquid.
6.7.4.5 Hazardous Waste
Waste that has physical or chemical properties exceeding legal disposal limits. Wastes
under this category have the characteristics as defined in governmental regulations such
as Ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic, medical as defines below:
Ignitable: describes liquid waste with a flash point of or less than 60
o
C; solid or semi-
solid wastes capable of causing fire through friction, absorbing moisture or spontaneous
chemical change, which burn vigorously and persistently when ignited; or waste
oxidizers; or compressed gasses that can ignite.

Reactive waste: Describes substances that are likely to cause an explosion, can
normally and readily undergo violent change without detonating, can react violently, are
potentially explosive or generate dangerous quantities of toxic or explosive gases,
vapors or fumes when mixed with water.
Toxic waste: Describes any material which could cause acute or chronic adverse health
effects in person was exposed to low doses.
Medical waste: This waste is generated during medical procedured and includes
bandages, dressings, surgical waste, and tissues.
Hazardous substances are prescribed in Schedule I of the act substances in section 2 of
clause (xviii) of sub-clause (b) of Hazardous Rules 2003.
6.7.5 Waste Stream Volume
The estimated volume of major chunks of waste (Expenses from other projects)
produces during construction and operational phase of the project are described below:
6.7.5.1 Estimated Waste Stream during Construction Phase
An estimate of major chunks of the waste volumes likely to be generated during
construction phase is given in Table 6.8:
IRAN-PAKISTAN PIPELINE
SOLID & EFFLUENT WASTE CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY
Location/
Equipment
Waste
Types
Quantity Frequency Waste
Classification
Contractors
Camp
Domestic
Waste
300kg at main contractor
camps and 75kg at mini
contractors camp
Daily Non-Hazardous
Auto Vehicles Filters Approximately 1000
(assuming 70 vehicles of
contractor at each lot
changing filters at
quarterly basis. Total 3
lots)
Annually Hazardous
Minor Spills
Clean ups;
Maintenance
Activities
Oily Rags 13m
3
(assuming 1m
3
at
each Contractors camp)
Annually Hazardous
Clinical Waste Medical
treatment
materials
such
bandages,
swipes etc
8m
3
(Assuming 0.5m
3
at
each contractors Camp)
weekly Hazardous
Site Clearance Vegetation,
wooden
Debris
10,000m
3
(using the
survey data indicates
2010 number of trees
uprooted for the
clearance of ROW)
Whole
length of the
pipeline
Non-Hazardous
SOLID & EFFLUENT WASTE CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY
Location/
Equipment
Waste
Types
Quantity Frequency Waste
Classification
Contractor
Camps:
Sanitary
Collection
System - toilets
Black water 72m
3
at main
Contractors Camp and
18m
3
at mini
Contractors Camp
Daily Non-Hazardous
Pipeline Tie-
ins, waste
lengths etc.
Steel 32 tonnes For Whole
Project
Non-Hazardous
Clear abundant
structure
Concrete Unknown (EPC to work
out)
For Whole
Project
Non-Hazardous
Kitchen Waste Food,
Organic
Waste
250 kg (assuming 20 kg
at each contractors
camp)
Daily Non-Hazardous
Office Waste Paper,
Plastics,
Rubbish
250 kg (assuming 20kg
at each contractors
camp)
Daily Non-Hazardous
Hydro test
during
operational
phase of
pipeline
Wastewater 234,000 m
3

(assuming 50km length
tested at a time for three
consecutive lengths)
For Whole
Project
Non-Hazardous
Waste Oil At oil change
facilities
(workshop)
Approximately 10 m
3

(assuming 70 vehicles at
each lot changing oil at
quarterly basis)
Annually Hazardous
Table 6.8: Waste Stream During Construction Phase
6.7.5.2 Estimated Waste Stream during Operational Phase
An estimate of waste generated during operational phase is given in Table 6.9:
SOLID, LIQUID & HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONAL SUMMARY
Location/
Equipment
Waste Types Quantity Frequency Waste
Classification
CSs Domestic
Waste
About 350kg at each
CS
Daily Non-Hazardous
Auto Vehicles Filters 180 (assuming 15
vehicles at each CS
changing filter at
quarterly basis)
Annually Hazardous
Minor Spills
Clean ups;
Maintenance
Activities
Oily Rags 0.75m
3
(assuming
0.25m
3
produced at
each CS)
Monthly Hazardous
Clinical Waste Medical
treatment
materials
such as
bandages,
swipes etc

3 m
3
(assuming 1m
3
at
each CS )
Weekly Hazardous
SOLID, LIQUID & HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONAL SUMMARY
Location/
Equipment
Waste Types Quantity Frequency Waste
Classification
CSs:
Sanitary
Collection
System -
toilets
Black water 216 m
3
(72 m
3
at each
CS)
Daily Non-Hazardous
Waste Oil Plant &
Equipment
yard and at
oil change
facility
1 m
3
(assuming 15
number of vehicles at
each CS carry out oil
change on quarterly
basis)
Annually Hazardous
Kitchen Waste Food,
Organic
Waste
produced at each CS)
Daily Non-Hazardous
Office Waste Paper,
Plastics,
Rubbish
produced at each CS)
Daily Non-Hazardous
Table 6.9: Waste Stream During Operational Phase
6.7.6 Staff Training
For the given WMP, it has been envisaged that the waste management and handling is
more crucial during the construction phase of the project and therefore it requires training
of relevant staff. The training areas and the associated cost have been provided in the
EMMP under Training Plan.
6.7.7 Waste Disposal Plan
Unfortunately, none of the cities in Pakistan has proper solid waste management system
right from collection of solid waste up to its proper disposal. Solid waste collection by
government owned and operated services in Pakistans cities currently averages only
50% of waste quantities generated; however, for cities to be relatively clean, at least
75% of these quantities should be collected
39
. It has been reported during the site survey
and stakeholder consultations that much of the collected waste along the pipeline area
finds its way dumping in uncontrolled dumpsites, open pits, ponds, rivers and agricultural
land. Similarly, it has been found that effluent from the villages and towns is being
disposed of in three ways a) collected in ponds (located in the periphery of the
settlements), b) disposed of in the open lands through individual house pipes/open
drains and c) direct disposal into streams, nullahs.
Domestic waste and construction wastes will be the two major types of waste produces
during construction phase of the project, whereas during operational phase clinical,
routine maintenance waste, filters, oily bags etc. will be generated. Domestic waste
includes kitchen waste, waste paper, domestic sewage etc. while the construction waste

39
Draft Guideline for Solid Waste Management; 2005
include waste concrete, waste material, excavated spoil, packaging waste etc. The
different types of waste likely to be generated and their management procedures are
given in Section 6.7.7.3.
6.7.7.1 Construction Phase
Construction phase of the project consists of approximately 13 months. About 13 number
of contractors camps (4 main camps, 6 mini camps and 3 CSs camps) located at RDs
8, 72, 186, 286, 308, 343, 427, 525, 583, 631, 722, 740 and 775 will be developed along
the pipeline and run simultaneously. Estimated domestic waste produced at each main
contractors camp/CSs camp accommodating about 600 persons is 300 kg/day and at
mini contractors camp accommodating about 150 persons is 75 kg/day. Around 72m
3

wastewater will be produced at the main contractor camps/CSs camp and about 18m
3
at
the mini camps during construction phase of the project. Waste will also be produced
during the laying of pipeline all along the route of 780km, mainly including plastic bottles,
drink canes, plastic bags etc. The waste should be collected recycled or disposed of with
other domestic waste generated at the contractors camps.
Some of the construction waste/waste material to be generated at the construction site
may be hazardous to the environment or to personnel. It is always important to read the
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the materials or products that are located on-site;
they may contain warning information that will indicate a potential problem. Likely
Hazardous Construction waste to be generated on-site includes clinical waste, used
batteries, empty drums, processed or wastewater etc. Any products in the categories
listed below are also considered to be hazardous:
Paints;
Acids for cleaning surfaces;
Cleaning solvents;
Chemical additives used for soil stabilization (e.g. palliative such as calcium
chloride); and
Concrete curing compounds and additives, etc.
6.7.7.2 Operational Phase
Three CSs with staff colonies are recommended to be constructed along the pipeline i.e.
CS1 (RD 8), CS2 (RD 343) and CS3 (RD 780). Total number of persons living at each
CS is estimated to be 700 persons and so the daily domestic waste that will be
generated at the staff colony is approximately 350kg/day and effluent generation would
be around 84m
3
/day. The major chunk of the waste consists of domestic waste in
addition there will be some quantity of hazardous waste including clinical waste,
chemical waste, used batteries etc.
6.7.7.3 Construction and Operation Waste Disposal Methods
All the anticipated wastes should be collected, handled and stored through a properly
designed Waste Management System. EPC Contractors and Proponent will develop this
system for construction and operational phases respectively. General guidelines are
given below.
Solid Waste Construction Phase:
Colour coded waste buckets should be provided within the Contractors Camp. The
buckets will facilitate the component separation of various type of waste at source;
Classification will be based on organic waste, recyclable waste, reusable waste (for
resource and recovery) and waste for sanitary land fill;
Bags should be provided to the occupants and resident of the camps for collecting
their waste;
Implement resource conservation and recover recyclable waste e.g. paper, steel
cans, glass bottles etc. from the collected waste and arrange collection with local
recycling unit;
Divert the filtered waste to the nearest available landfill site. If the landfill site is not
available then the EPC Contractor needs to develop a landfill at the area mutually
agreed with the Supervision Consultants, Local Community and District
government;
Based on the conditions of the region, organic waste should be frequently collected
to avoid odour problems;
It is the responsibility of EPC Contractor to arrange the waste collection from the
camps and pipeline ROW and transfer to a designated place;
The temporary waste storage area should be prepared, maintained and visually
inspected and recorded on regular basis by the HSE department of EPC
Contractor;
The waste storage area should be fenced to stop animals direct contact with the
waste. The site must be decontaminated to keep the building free from foul smells,
spread of diseases and maintain healthy working environment on regular basis;
Collect and segregate different types of waste i.e. recyclable waste, inert waste,
hazardous waste etc.;
Correctly categorized the segregated waste i.e. inert waste, hazardous waste etc.;
Construction waste could be reused as a fill material or construction material.
However the detail testing should be undertaken to confirm the suitability of the
waste, if it is used as a construction material;
If the construction waste is disposed of on-site in the form of landfill then the
location and construction of landfill site will be carried out by the EPC Contractors
and agreed with local community, District Governments (Gwadar, Lasbela, Dadu
Jamshoro, Shaheed Benazirabad), ISGS (company), and Supervision Consultants.
The contractor will keep accurate records that track the amount of waste generated
and the disposal method used. All waste generated will be tracked on the Waste
Tracking Log, a sample sheet attached as Table 6.10.
EPC and other sub-contractors will be responsible for the lawful transportation and
disposal of the collected waste in approved facilities, a sample sheet of
Transportation and Disposal Records is included in Table 6.11.
Name of Station:
Transportation Mode:

Destination of Waste: Date:

Sr.# Waste Type
Hazardous
Yes
Non-
Hazardous
Yes
Quality and
Quantity of
waste
Disposal

This is to certify that the above named materials are
properly packed for transport to disposal site.

This is to certify that above
materials are received at the
specified disposal site
Supervisor Facility
Date
Signature
Date
Copy
- CONTRACTOR
- COMPANY
- Truck Driver

Table 6.10: Waste Handling Procedure


Sr. #. Date
Type of
Waste
Quantity
of Waste
Vehicle
Disposal
Way
Disposal
Point/Place
Signature/Name
1
2
3
4
5
Table 6.11: Transportation & Disposal Records
Effluent Disposal Construction Phase:
Wastewater generated at each contractors camp will be disposed of in the soaking pit.
Soaking pit will be located away from the builtup area and preferably in barren land. The
final location of the pits will be mutually agreed on-site with SC, EMC of ISGS and EPC
contractor. The processed water utilizes in hydraulic testing of the pipeline will be
disposed of in evaporation ponds/lagoons or river depending on water quality and
chemical composition or it can be utilized for next test section of the pipeline.
Solid Waste Operational Phase:
It is the responsibility of ISGS to manage and dispose of the solid waste produced at
CSs during operational phase of the project. Waste collection, handling and
classification should be the same as described under section 7.3.1. ISGS will arrange
the disposal of non-recyclable waste at purposed built engineered landfill site near the
CS. Hazardous waste should be disposed of at incinerator or other appropriate waste
disposal site.
Effluent Disposal Operational Phase:
A wastewater treatment plant is proposed at each CS. The wastewater will be treated up
to secondary or tertiary level (if required). The wastewater can be utilized for plantation
purpose locally provided it meets the FAO standards for irrigation. The roughly estimated
capacity of each wastewater treatment plant for CS1and CS2 is 45000 gallons/day and
for CS3 is around 50,000 gallons/day.
Summary of Waste Disposal
The following tables provide summary of the disposal methods of various types of
wastes to be generated during the construction and operation phases of the project and
Tables 6.12 to 6.22 give characterization and disposal methods of some of the major
wastes as a ready reference.
Types of waste Description Project
Phase
Disposal methods
Spills such as
fuel, oil,
chemicals.

Soil
contaminated
with oil based
material or
chemical.
Construction
and
Operational
Phase
Soil contaminated by minor spills /
leakages defined as leaks from the
vehicles, machinery, equipment, or
storage containers such that the areas
and depth of soil contaminated (less
Phase
Disposal methods
than 6cm) will be scraped and sent to
the burn pit where it will be burned
along with other combustible wastes.
Moderate spills defined as spills of
volume less than or equal to 200 litres
will be contained and controlled using
shovels, sand, and native soil. These
materials and equipment will be made
available at construction and contractor
camp site. The contaminated soil will be
excavated and stored in a bonded area
lined with impermeable base.
Depending on the volume of the
contaminated soil, the disposal may
involve sending then over to burn pit or
by specialized treatment such as
bioremediation or
solidification/stabilization (s/s)
Major spills of volume exceeding 200
litres will require the initiation of
Proponents emergency response
procedures. These spills will be handled
and controlled according to the
specialized measures and special
treatment as suggested by the spills
removal experts. The contaminated
water should be collected in separate
container and send them to the suitable
treatment site after the mutual
agreement with EPC contractor, SC and
EMC of ISGS.
Sewage and
gray wastewater.

Domestic
Sewage and
Wastewater
from kitchen
and washing
areas.
Construction
and Operation
Phase
Wastewater from kitchen and washing
areas and sewage to be disposed of in
soak pits, located away from the living
area. If wastewater effluent is
discharged to river or other controlled
water body than it must fulfill the
relevant NEQS.
Wastewater treatment plant will be
constructed at each CS to treat the
wastewater generated during
operational phase of the project. The
treated wastewater will be utilized for
planting purpose locally provided it
meets the FAO standards for irrigation.
Site clearance
waste

Vegetation,
wooden
debris.
Construction
Phase
Auction the mature trees which need to
be up rooted for project implementation.
Bushes and shrubs would be chopped
in small pieces and send to
(compositing) unit or allow the local
community to collect as fuel material for
their domestic (kitchen) uses.
Phase
Disposal methods
Medical waste.

Syringes,
glass bottles,
soiled
bandages,
expired drugs,
dressing.
Construction
/Operation
Phase.
To be incinerated at nearest existing
available facility or construct a new
incinerator plant, needs study by ISGS.
Demolition
Waste or
Excavated Soil
Concrete,
bricks, other
building
materials and
soil
Construction. Reusable material to be given away for
use. Remaining waste to be dispose of
at low laying area provided it does not
cause any drainage problem or trigger
surface water ponding and provide
mosquitoes breeding place. The
disposal sites should be selected with
the agreement of EMC, SC and EPC
Contractor
Packing waste. Paper, plastic,
textiles,
cardboard,
rubber, wood,
glass, tin,
cans,
aluminum
cans.
Construction /
Operation
Phase
Recyclable waste to be handed over to
recycling contractors. Other waste
should be disposed off at engineered
landfill site.
Table 6.12: Characterization and Disposal of Major Wastes
Phase Construction.
Waste Generating or
Source
ROW clearance, construction site at CS and contractors camp
sites.
Classification and
Analysis
Non-Hazardous, inert waste.
Restrictions or Cautions Waste should not disposed of without prior approval of Supervisor
Consultants and contractor personnel are prohibited from
scavenging scraps, surplus or waste material.
Waste Minimization Reuse material when possible.
Temporary Storage No special arrangements are required.
Transportation &
labeling
No special labeling required.
Responsibilities EPC Contractor.
Required records Record waste quantity and destination on waste tracking log.
Table 6.13: Concrete Waste
Phase Construction and Operation.
Waste Generating
Source
Residential colonies and office buildings.
Camps.
CSs/BV Stations/Pigging Stations.
Classification and
Analysis
Non-Hazardous and Inert.
Restrictions or Cautions No pre-requisite precautionary measures are required.
Waste Minimization Segregate batteries from domestic trash, segregate recyclable
materials from trash and segregate food waste.
Temporary Storage Waste should be kept in closed or covered bins.
Transportation &
labeling
Responsibilities EPC Contractor; ISGS-HSE department.
Table 6.14: Domestic Waste
HDD Drilling Mud Waste
Phase Construction.
Waste Generating
Process or Source
HDD Operations.
Classification and
Analysis
Non-Hazardous assuming the use of non-hazardous drilling muds.
Restrictions or Cautions None identified at this time.
Waste Minimization
opportunities
No special minimization yet proposed.
Waste Management
Practices
Recycle free Liquids for land farming, future drilling use
Abandon dried solids in place at HDD mud pit

Temporary Storage No special requirements
Transportation &
labeling
No special Labeling required
Responsibilities EPC Contractor HSE department
Table 6.15: HDD Drilling Mud Waste (if applicable)
Waste-Lube Oils
Phase Construction and Operational.
Waste Generating
Source
Automobiles, Equipment, Gear Box Crankcase Fluid, lubrications.

Classification and
Analysis
Hazardous, Ignitable.
Restrictions or Cautions No open flames.
Special PPE when handling this lube oil includes gloves,
goggles, face shield and protective clothing

Waste Minimization Measures should be taken to fully use the material before
generating as a waste. Purchase products with high efficiency.
Waste Management Construction will segregate and collect in liquids tank holder with
secondary containment in material yard for final recycling, treatment,
and/or disposal (e.g. incineration).
Operations in each CSs will segregate and collect in liquid tank
holder (e.g. drum) with secondary containment for final recycling,
treatment, and/or disposal (e.g. incineration)
Temporary Storage Lube oil will be stored prior to disposal in labeled oily waste tanks or
drums. Ensure tank/drum is not filled to the brim or secondary
containment is provided. Ensure waste tank/drum is not close to any
ignition source or sensitive water body and place portable
extinguisher and spill kit within 10meters.
Transportation &
labeling
Clearly mark all containers with Used Lube oil and source of waste
before transporting to handling or disposal site.
Responsibilities EPC Contractor and ISGS-HSE department.
Required records Information on waste transportation or disposal is not required.
Record Waste Quantity and Destination on Waste Tracking Log.
Table 6.16: Lube Oils Waste

Oily Rags
Phase Construction
Waste Generating
Source
Oil spill clean-up.
Plant & Vehicle Maintenance.
Classification and
Analysis
Hazardous.
Restrictions or Cautions The waste should be segregated from other wastes and properly to
be stored in sealed drums.
Waste Minimization Good housekeeping to reduce spills/leaks.
Waste Management
Practices
Construction: Collect, Segregate into individual drum labeled Oily
Rags Only and store at material yard for final landfill disposal,
incineration, or recycle.
Operations: Collect, segregate into individual drums labeled Oily
Rags only and store at central location for final landfill disposal,
incineration, or recycle.
Temporary Storage Lube oil will be stored prior to disposal in labeled oily waste tanks or
drums. Ensure tank/drum is not filled to the brim or secondary
containment is provided. Ensure waste tank/drum is not close to any
ignition source and place portable extinguisher within 10 m.
Transportation &
labeling
All containers to be marked as Oily Rags and source of waste
before transporting to handling or disposal site.
Responsibilities EPC Contractor.
Table 6.17: Oily Rags
Phase Construction and Operation
Waste Generating
Source
Domestic sanitation.
Classification and
Analysis
Waste is Non-Hazardous.
Restrictions or Cautions PPEs to be provided to workers.
Waste Minimization N.A.
Waste Management
Practices
Construction and Operation Phase: Treatment use septic tanks to
collect semi solids and transfer to facility for land farming.
Temporary Storage Store sewage solids in containers only at the sewage treatment
plant area.
Transportation &
labeling
Waste to be transported through trucks (covered).
Responsibilities EPC Contractor and ISGS HSE department.
Table 6.18: Sewage Solid Waste

Waste Generating Source Pipeline cuts, caps; equipment repair activities; construction
activities.
Classification and
Analysis
Non-Hazardous and Inert Waste.
Restrictions or Cautions Scrap should be separated and not mixed with garbage.
Waste Minimization
opportunities
Recycle pipe ends or return with shipper/Recycle other reduce
quantities through salvage efforts and reuse scrap metal for other
projects where feasible.
Waste Management
Practices
Collect in skip and segregate to transport to material yard to recycle
or disposal to landfill.
Temporary Storage Store in labeled segregated skip for transport.
Transportation & labeling Label Skip Steel and Metal Scrap Only; Transport skip.
Responsibilities EPC Contractor; ISGS-HSE Department.
Table 6.19: Steel & Metal Waste

Waste Generating
Source
Pressure test of new pipeline commissioning at pigging stations.
Classification and
Analysis
Ecological toxicity testing to be conducted on chemical used to treat
water will determine classification.
Restrictions or Cautions Signage must prevent access to area of discharge in open water.
Waste Minimization
opportunities
Minimization not yet possible.
Waste Management
Practices
Water should be filtered. No free oil should be discharged; monitor
by visual seen as follow: a) within 30 mins after commencement of
discharge; b) at the estimated middle of discharge; and c) within 15
minutes before or after the discharge has ceased. The concentration
of treatment chemicals should not exceed the relevant laws.
Temporary Storage N/A
Transportation & labeling N/A
Responsibilities EPC Contractor; ISGS-HSE Department.
Required records Testing of chemical treatment and monitoring of discharge hydro
test waters according to environmental monitoring procedures must
be conducted and reported.
Table 6.20: Water Waste (Hydrotest fluids)
Waste Generating
Source
ROW clearance, Open Cut Trenching or dredging for pipeline
placement in upland, wetland, or open water areas and
reinstatement, construction site at CS foundation site.
Classification and
Analysis
Non-hazardous.

Restrictions or Cautions Do not place excess soil in water logged areas, sensitive habitats.
Do not significantly alter sheet flow along pipeline ROW.

Contractor personnel are prohibited from scavenging scraps,
surplus or waste material written approval from ISGS.
Waste Minimization Ensure maximum amount of soil is reinstated into trench.
Waste Management Place and spread evenly excess soils is upland areas of pipeline
Practices ROW; recycle during upland ROW reinstatement; utilize in other
construction areas as a fill material.
Segregate and properly arranged along right of way
Temporary Storage Store soils along ROW in separate piles no longer than 50 m.
Transportation &
labeling
Transportation through trucks.
Responsibilities EPC Contractor and ISGS-HSE Department.
Table 6.21: Excess Excavation Soil Solid Waste
Waste Generating
Source
Packaging, and store items office equipment.
Classification and
Analysis
Non-hazardous and Inert Waste.
Restrictions or Cautions Contractor personnel are prohibited from scavenging scraps,
surplus or waste material without written approval from ISGS.
Waste Minimization
opportunities
Reuse material when possible.
Waste Management
Practices
Recycle reuse by local communities.
Temporary Storage No special requirements segregate lumber and wood scraps from
regular trash.
Transportation &
labeling
Responsibilities EPC Contractor and ISGS-HSE Department.
Record waste quantity and destination on waste tracking log.
Table 6.22: Packing Material Waste
6.8 Health and Safety Plan
As a part of the project, detailed emergency and HSE plans have been developed ).
Therefore, these documents are the road map for talking these health and safety issues.
The purpose of project HSE plan is to define the project organisation of HSE, systems
and objectives applicable to Consultants activities during the FEED Phase of IP-Gas
Pipeline project and Contractors obligations for adopting the HSE matters. During
operation, ISGS will be responsible for all HSE issue according to National laws and its
own Health, Safety and Environmental policy and international standards.
Whilst the minimum standard that will be accepted is to comply with all applicable laws
and regulations, as well as contractual requirements, the ultimate goal of the HSE Plan is
to aim for HSE standards that eliminate injury to humans and damage to facilities,
materials and the environment. While recognising that implementation of this plan is a
client responsibility, it requires active participation from all persons involved throughout
the organisation.
The following objectives are identified in order to create a positive approach to health,
safety, and environment protection during all activities of the project to minimise risk of
accidents, which could endanger the life of personnel, cause damage to properties and
environment.
a) To avoid all injuries during the execution of the project, target will be Zero Lost
Time Injuries (Zero LTI) and to keep all recordable injuries below the average
prevalent in Oil and Gas Sector.
b) To ensure that all personnel on the project are competent to carry out their
designated tasks safely.
c) To harness positive health, safety and environment attitudes and perceptions at
all levels of the project organization and to raise health safety and environmental
awareness in general.
d) To complete the project without incurring any significant property damage to
permanent equipment, or temporary facilities.
e) To complete the project with minimum possible impact upon the surrounding
environment.
Also, an Emergency Preparedness & Response Plan and a security study have been
developed to identify, organize and allocate resources in cases of emergencies and
threats.
The priorities in an emergency are:
Protect personnel on and off site;
Minimise effects on the environment; and
Minimise the impact to assets belonging to the company and others.
Therefore, the objectives of the emergency preparedness & response system are:
Notify personnel that an emergency is occurring so that they can move to a safe
area;
Mobilise a tactical response (i.e. fire team, security team);
Mobilise a strategic response (i.e. management team); and
Respond to changes of emergency status (i.e. escalation, de-escalation or
cessation).
The basic principles of an Emergency Preparedness & Response Plan are:
Emergency procedures for facility;
Initiating the emergency response system;
Notifying personnel of an emergency;
Evacuation on vigilant basis;
Mobilisation of response;
Mobilation of strategic response;
Casualty reception and handling;
Personal injury accidents; and
Security incidents.
Summary of Emergency Response Requirements are:
Premises requirement (e.g. Muster point for personnel evacuation, Room for
storing emergency response equipment, Room for administering medical
treatment);
Equipment requirements (e.g. emergency response equipment, etc.); and
Procedure requirements (e.g. definition of what event constitutes an emergency,
method of tracking people, etc.).
This plan includes a) specific threats against gas pipelines / assets b) road accidents c)
injuries d) fire fighting e) CS area security f) fire system g) natural disasters etc.
A Facilities Emergency Response Plan has also been developed. The document defines
management responsibilities and actions needed for an organized response to an
emergency arising out in the facilities. It requires the clear and timely identification of an
emergency situation, a structured response to its demands and a factually correct
process of communication both within, and external to the Company. This document also
provides necessary guidelines for Contractors and Sub-Contractors.
HSE plan includes the proposal of (HAZID), (HAZOP), (RA), (QRA), Trainings and other
HSE Studies. The HAZID study will be conducted as a workshop study. The HAZID
study will be performed at the early stages of the design and updates will be performed.
The HAZOP study will be carried out during the FEED phase after the P&IDs are frozen.
The RA study has been carried out as a separate study and include the following:
Identification of pre- and post-commissioning project risks;
Identification of technical, commercial, political and force majeure risks in
consultation with legal and financial advisor;
Assessment of consequential losses against technical risks to the stakeholders in
the gas value chain; and
Mitigation measures and development of project technical risk framework.

Similarly, separate QRA study has been done that consider all elements of pipelines and
failures. This will include quantification of leak rupture possibilities and probabilities
considering third party interference, corrosion, and land hazards. The consequences
modeling, using industry recognized risk assessment software should cover:
Fire modeling;
Dispersion modeling; and
Explosion modeling.
Regarding trainings, following trainings as a minimum should be given to the Project
Team during the course of the project:
HSE awareness training;
Preventive Medical Treatment, Checkups and Pre-examination; and
Emergency response trainings.
Snake Bite
Snakes are common in the areas, through which the pipeline passes. In coastal areas of
Baluchistan, sea snakes are common. Majority of these snakes are poisonous. In the
hills of Kirthar and plains of Sindh Cobra and Kraits are of frequent sight.
Snake bite case is more frequent in rural and barren areas and as our camps are to be
set up in such areas, along the proposed alignment, there are enhanced chances of
snake bites in the camps. Snakes are likely to approach camp areas when attracted by
prey, such as rodents. So practicing regular pest control can reduce the threat of snakes
considerably. Snakes are most likely to bite when they feel threatened, are startled, are
provoked, or have no means of escape when cornered. In the camp areas, treading
heavily creates ground vibrations and noise, which will often cause snakes to flee from
the area. The use of a flashlight when engaged in camping activities, such as gathering
firewood at night, can be helpful. Snakes may also be unusually active especially during
warm nights when ambient temperatures exceed 30 to 40 C.
Treatment and First Aid Guidelines
Following are the first aid guidelines required to be followed.
1. Keep the person calm, reassuring them that bites can be effectively treated in an
emergency room. Restrict movement, and keep the affected area below heart level
to reduce the flow of venom.
2. Keep a pump suction device (available in the market) in the camp, follow the
manufacturer's directions and apply to the victim.
3. Remove any rings or constricting items because the affected area may swell.
Create a loose splint to help restrict movement of the area.
4. If the area of the bite begins to swell and change color, the snake was probably
poisonous.
5. Monitor the person's vital signs -- temperature, pulse, rate of breathing, and blood
pressure -- if possible. If there are signs of shock (such as paleness), lay the
person flat, raise the feet about 1/3rd of a meter and cover the person with a
blanket.
6. Reassure the patient. 70% of all snakebites are from non- venomous species. Only
50% of bites by venomous species actually envenomate the patient
7. Get medical help right away.
Measures for Avoiding Malaria in the Camps
Disease spreading insect vectors like Mosquito, Flies, Ticks, etc. are also common in the
project area and all along the proposed sites for camps and can become important
reason for spread of infectious diseases in the camp such as malaria. Following
measures are to be adopted for avoiding Malaria in the camps.
Preventive Measures
a) Use of spray
A good quality insecticide spray should be regularly made in the camp to keep the
mosquitoes away. This spray should be done daily and especially in the evening to
prevent the mosquitoes from biting during the night.
b) Use of Lotion
An effective mosquito repellant lotion shall be supplied to all the inmates of the
camps, so that they can rub the same on their open body parts.
c) Use of Mosquito Bed Nets
These nets are designed for use with cots and are a protective measure with a
long history of use in this area and are an effective preventive measure.
d) Use of anti-malarial drugs
Anti-malaria drugs such as quinine, etc. are to be kept in the camp in good quantity
to be supplied to all the inmates of the camp. In the market, large number of
branded drugs is available for the cure of malaria. Specialist Doctors should be
consulted for use of drugs for camps in coastal areas, hilly areas and plains.
Chance Find
Planning
Consultations should be carried out with all the relevant parties including Sindh &
Balochistan Cultural & Heritage Departments and Local villagers in order to agree
on the set chance find protocol;
Suitable arrangements for Laboratory support should be made alongwith
associated facilities in cooperation with Sindh & Balochistan Cultural & Heritage
departments; and
A cultural Training and awareness program should be developed and
implemented by the Consultants and issued to the Contractors. This should include
basic training in identification, salvage and recording of archaeological materials
plus any human remains. This program should be circulated among all the relevant
personnel prior to construction activities.

Implementation
Monitoring should be conducted by an Archaeologist or an appropriately trained
person to determine the significance of a cultural heritage site;
In case of identification of a potentially significant cultural heritage site, the work
must be paused until Contractors archaeologist or an appropriately trained person
undertakes an initial inspection to classify the site according to significance;
If Skeletal remains are found the work must be stopped at once;
Archaeologist to determine whether the remains are of a human, if not, work
resumes;
If however, human skeletal remains are identified, the area must be cordoned off
(5m). Contractors Archaeologist to undertake evaluation and inspection of site
using a chance find report form. Meanwhile Contractor must notify the company
about the details of chance find; and
If Archaeologist evaluates the death to be non-suspicious, the company will do the
following:
- Notify the Cultural & Heritage Departments.
- Photograph and document the find.
- Excavate the human remains.
- Transfer custody of remains to the Cultural & heritage departments.
- Work Resumes following company approval.
If however, the death is determined to be suspicious by the Archaeologist, the
company should do the following:
- Notify the district Coroner for the issue of warrant to the company for the retrieval
of human remains.
- Ensure that work will remain stopped near the remains until the coroner provides a
warrant and additional instructions.
Management
Whenever Contractors Archaeologist determines a culturally or heritage wise significant
site (without any human skeletal remains), appropriate action must be taken.
The following management options are to be considered as per Archaeological experts
obligation:
Avoidance;
Salvage Excavation;
In-situ Management;
Surface Collection; and
Destruction (after proper documentation).
6.9 Restoration of Affected Sites
6.9.1 General
During the construction phase of the project the contractor will acquire the land mainly
for set up of contractors camp, dumping site and borrow areas. Similarly, ISGS will
acquire land for ROW and will hand over to contractor for lying of pipeline. There are 13
sites proposed for contractors camp along the pipeline to accommodate labour force
(600 to 700) at each camp and set up offices for contractor and consultants. The
approximate area for each camp site is approximately 6 ha. Ten (10) dumping sites have
been proposed to keep machinery, plant, material, pipeline sections etc. for the
contractors. Other areas which the contractor will acquire on temporary basis include
borrowing sites for acquiring the earth material and access roads or tracks required for
plant and vehicles movement.
All the above sites including ROW should be restored at the completion of work. Initially,
following needs to be considered before restoration plan.
Identification of affected areas including construction area, camp sites, tracks,
dump sites agricultural land used etc.; and
The contractor has to clearly demarcate the limits of acquired land for above
purposes. No soil should be excavated outside the demarcated area.
Contractor shall develop a restoration team. A restoration plan should be prepared by
the restoration team to get it approved from the Supervision Consultants.
6.9.2 Major Restoration Activities
Restoration may include but not limited to the following activities:
All temporary construction built for the pipeline construction will be removed;
All the toxic and hazardous chemicals/materials will be completely removed from
the site;
Efforts will be made to completely remove any spills during the construction phase;
All fencing and gates will be removed and pits will be backfilled;
Whole site will be covered with the original soil as much as possible and re-
vegetation will be done, wherever required;
The contouring of land to match adjacent undisturbed areas;
The reinstatement of top soil;
The reconstruction of property boundaries and fences;
The reconstruction of interrupted drainage channels and pipes;
The reconstruction of structures, such as stone walls, pavements, graveled areas
and other structures that have been identified for reconstruction on the land entry
agreements;
Bio-restoration comprises of the reinstatement of the green cover to the condition
encountered prior to commencement of the construction activities, this includes
planting grasses in grazing areas or on highly erodible landscapes, such as those
belonging to moderately steep and steeper slopes;
All temporary materials, trench supports including piles, surplus excavations,
rubbish etc. will be systematically removed from the construction easement area
and then the sub soil to be levelled to its original contour or as determined by
operational requirements;
Suitable surplus pipes should be delivered to Companys (ISGS) storage yards
upon request for use as spare parts; and
New roads in ecologically sensitive areas (National park, Game reserve and
wildlife sanctuary) will be removed.
At the completion of excavation of borrowing site the contractor should ensure giving flat
slopes to the edges of pits, leveling of the surface should be done as far as possible and
replace the top-soil which was kept separately. Avoid any pits being left unusable in a
condition that can create health and safety issues for the workers or locals i.e. breeding
mosquitoes, spread of diseases. The land used for borrow materials can be converted
into any kind of economic activity. Agricultural land should be restored to the original
condition (grades, slopes and top soil). Land for camp should be restored to its original
conditions such as grades, slopes, top soil etc.
Annex Q provides a template for documentation of site restoration plan.
6.10 Measures for HIV and AIDS
During the construction and operation stage of the project several hundred workers will
be involved in activities for long duration and it is expected that boom towns may be
developed near the camps sites and this could lead to a business of prostitution.
Therefore, spreading of AIDS will be likely to occur.
Following are some measures which need to be considered to prevent the diseases:
workers testing HIV+;
Compulsory HIV/AIDS and STD awareness and prevention training for all workers
including truck drivers delivering supplies to the site (information, education,
communication), and including free access to condoms (this is a standard WB
requirement);
An "alleviation program for site staff and labour and their families with respect to
STDs and HIV/AIDS (this is a standard WB requirement); and
Establish and implement an HIV/AIDS prevention program specifically related to
the project's construction phase. The program should include, at a minimum, (i) the
identification of specific risk groups (e.g. workers of restaurant, cafeteria and truck
drivers) and (ii) specific AIDS awareness campaigns for these risk groups.
6.11 External Inspection
Internal environmental inspection, monitoring and its compliance have already been
planned to be conducted by EMC and SC. External random inspection (as and when
required) will be carried out by SEPA, BEPA, SWD and BWFD within their jurisdiction
according to their roles and responsibilities.
For guidance, following objectives need to be considered:
Review of annual air, noise and water quality monitoring reports;
Review of annual ecological monitoring reports;
Random visits to the site during the construction phase and check the compliance
of measures given in the EMMP; and
Report on non-compliances and issue orders for remedial measures and if required
penalties to be imposed according to the national law.
6.12 National Parks Management Plans
The optimized pipeline route passes through some sensitive and critical habitats i.e.
south of Buzi Makola wildlife sanctuary, HNP and Dureji Game Reserve. As the areas
are critical, it was necessary to have a detailed desktop review of available data and
work out a strategy for compensation against the pipeline crossing. Consultations with
the BWFD and other available data revealed that except HNP, no management plan is
available for other two critical habitats. BWFD has reported that for Buzi Makola
investigations regarding the landscape, status of animals, habitat assessment were not
yet done. A study (2006) was undertaken by United States Fish and Wildlife Service for
assessing the status of Urial and Ibex in Dureji Game Reserve.
A brief on above studies is given below:
6.12.1 Hingol National Park

A detailed HNP Management Plan has already been prepared by BWFD in collaboration
with Global Environmental Facility (WB Funded). The plan has proposed a strategic
framework within which all proposals will be implemented. The park is divided into zones,
covering the management requirements and simultaneously, ensuring sustainable
livelihoods of the people and include:
Core Zone;
Wilderness Zone;
Traditional Use Zone;
Eco-tourism Development Zone; and
Community Game Reserve.
The plan specifically focuses on various thematic areas such as the custodial
communities, wildlife habitat conservation, cultural heritage, tourism, park management
capacities etc. besides the plan also emphasized certain suggestions related to
management prescriptions a few of them are listed below:
Establishment of zones;
Regularization of staff to meet the technical and managerial needs of the park;
Trainings to the communities;
Restore the degraded park habitats; and
Promote research on relevant aspects of the park.
The above prescriptions will be supported through various interventions such as
enhance the role of communities as custodians of their areas and wildlife, restore and
safeguard the unique landscapes and wildlife habitats, conserve and enhance the
population of endangered, vulnerable and rare species, build and strengthen the
capacity of park management etc.
6.12.2 Dureji Game Reserve
The Unites States Fish and Wildlife service funded study conducted in the Dureji Game
Reserve and identified the habitats of Ibex and Urial location wise and worked out the
density whether low or high. The study also gave the figures of population abundance,
population density, population structure, diseases and population viable for sustainable
harvesting.
Based on the above information and review of the documents, the Table 6.23 provides a
list of activities to be funded by the ISGS as a compensation program for traversing the
pipeline through the critical areas. However, the proposed list must be consulted with
BWFD.

Sensitive and Critical
Habitat Area
Activities Remarks
Hingol National Park Capacity building programs for local
community to generate income from
alternate resources and appreciate
the values of the park.
Capacity building program for parks
operational staff (Park Manager,
Divisional Forest Officer, Wildlife
rangers, Game watchers).
Park facilities (vehicles and
equipment, boundary markers).
Habitat conservation in Core Zone
area.
The programs must
be consulted with
BWFD, WWF and
IUCN.
Dureji Game Reserve Capacity building programs for local
community to generate income from
alternate resources and appreciate
the values of the Game Reserve.
Game reserve facilities (vehicles and
equipment)
The programs must
be consulted with
BWFD, Bhootani
Tribe, WWF and
IUCN.

Table 6.23: Recommended Studies
6.13 Participatory Consultation Framework
6.13.1 Introduction
Community involvement is a process through which action is stimulated by a community
itself, or by others, that is planned, carried out, and evaluated by the communitys
individuals, groups, and organizations on a participatory
40
and sustained basis to
improve the health, hygiene and education levels, in short human capital, so as to
enhance the overall standard of living in the community.
A group of people can transcend their differences to meet on equal terms in order to
facilitate a participatory decision-making process. In other words it can be viewed as a
process which begins a dialogue among members of the community to determine who,
what, and how issues are decided, and also to provide an avenue for everyone to
participate in decisions that affect their lives. This community involvement program
should be implemented by consulting PCDP (plan developed as a part of this study).

40
: Participation is a process through which stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives, and
the decisions and resources which affect them. (World Bank)
6.13.2 Project Background
The Project route alignment passes through the provinces of Balochistan and Sindh,
total 61 villages, were found within the width of COI of +500m. These villages consisted
of 3,336 houses, which comprised 22,779 individuals (family members). In-fact it can be
indicated that these houses would be the primary project beneficiaries, which can
directly be benefitted from the project activities such as project related jobs (skilled and
unskilled), establishing their small business enterprise along the project alignment like
shops, auto-workshops, general stores and others. This way, the income generation
activities for the locals can be enhanced significantly that would have a positive
contribution towards the livelihood and standard of living especially during the
construction phase of the project.
On the other hand, these locals will also be the affectees due to the loss of land/assets
and livelihood as well. For which, the payment of compensation for the loss of
land/assets and other structures and vegetations will be provided based on the
replacement value of structures and current market rates in case of loss of other
assets/land, crops, trees etc.
6.13.3 Need for Community Involvement Program
There is always a need to involve community to support and value the community in a
positive way, to encourage collaboration between individuals and organizations. It
provides a focus for prevention, planning and implementation efforts. It also creates
public presence and pressure to change laws, polices, and practices progress that
could not be made by just one individual or organization. Increase access to funding
opportunities for organizations and promote long-term, organizational commitment to
social issues. People gain confidence and self-esteem through taking part in the
process, and perceptions are expanded by meeting and exchanging views with people
who have different values and ideas.
6.13.4 Objectives
The community involvement program is proposed for the benefit of the community
members with the following objectives:
To provide an opportunity for those otherwise unrepresented to present their views
and values, therefore allowing more sensitive consideration of mitigation measures
and trade-offs;
To help address an issue impacting the community to save valuable resources, by
getting involved, community- and faith-based organizations, professionals, and
policy makers;
To learn about peoples' perceptions and knowledge about the project;
To educate the public about possible alternatives and to clarify options; i.e. people
need to know where their opinions will be wanted and be of value to the planners
and decision-makers;
To obtain responses to possible alternatives and to assess positive solutions;
To measure changing levels of awareness and acceptance;
To identify elements that will make a project more acceptable to the public in order
to promote these elements through various media;
To reduce conflict through the early identification of contentious issues, and
working through these to find acceptable solutions; and
To create a sense of ownership of the proposal in the minds of the stakeholders.
6.13.5 Hierarchy of Community Involvement Program
Involvement of community requires a workable strategy with the objective to take on-
board the locals at each phase of the project. Figure 6.5 depicts hierarchy of the
community involvement program.
6.13.5.1 Informing
The very first step in involving the community is to inform them about the project and
project related benefits for the social betterment of the community as well as for the
development of the country.
During various field surveys (baseline footprint), community along the pipeline route were
briefed about the proposed project interventions. The community was also informed
about the alternative route alignments, their affected structures, how they will get better
opportunities for employment, and provision of compensation for their affected assets.
6.13.5.2 Consulting
Consultative meetings were held in three different stages in order to get their feedback,
issues and concerns.
Stage-1: Consultative meetings with the general public (Preliminary Survey)
Stage-2: Consultative meetings with officials (District Level)
Stage-3: Consultative meetings with general public (Detailed Survey)

Key Concerns and Feedback of the officials
In general, the concerns/ feedback recorded during the consultations with officials were
more or less similar both in Balochistan and Sindh, but in case of Balochistan, more
issues relating to the security were pointed out by the officials, which could have an
impact during the implementation as well as operation phases of the IP-Project.
More concerns/suggestions were highlighted with respect to the acquisition of land and
accordingly an appropriate amount of compensation will need to be made to minimize
the social issues and proper care to maintain the existing conditions including,
biodiversity, aquatic habitat, forest, valued ecosystem. Following need to be considered
during the various phases of the IP-Project.
According to the officials efforts need to be made to minimize the destruction of
infrastructure;
An appropriate amount of compensation in case of land, wood/timber and fruit
trees should be made to avoid social conflicts/issues;
The project management needs to allocate some funds for carrying out some
protection activities for parks.
In case of pipeline passing through HNP, some change in the design/adjustment
needs to be made to protect the wildlife and other biodiversity of the area;
Involve local people and carry out extensive community consultations especially
with local elders/influential people, which can help to minimize the security issues
during the construction phase of the project; and
Air and noise pollution will also occur during construction phase of the project
which would have temporarily negative impact on terrestrial habitat and people
residing along project corridor. In this context, air and noise monitoring needs to be
carried out.
Key Concerns and Feedback of the locals
In general, the concerns/feedback recorded, was more or less similar both in Balochistan
and Sindh. But in case of Balochistan, more issues related to security, water resources,
and basic facilities were pointed out. Most of the concerns/suggestions were highlighted
regarding land acquisition, compensation, relocation, livelihood, women privacy,
protection of water resources, and protection of valued ecosystem.
The Key concerns/feedback from the locals of the Project Area after consultation are
given below:
Route alignment should be selected in such a way that no or a minimum number of
structures, trees, historical sites and other assets will be affected;
Resettlement issues should be discussed in the presence of whole local
community/local population;
Compensation should be assessed based on the weight of trees, while in case of
fruit trees, compensation will be according to the value of fruit harvesting.
Furthermore, the forest/tree cutting should also be compensated by re-plantation of
appropriate number of new trees;
In some areas people have no income resources other than their livestock. Trees
provide fuel and fodder to livestock. People are not willing for tree cutting even if
they are compensated properly. Compensation assessment for wood/timber & fuel
trees should be based on weight of trees. Price assessment mechanism for
structures should consider per unit construction cost in the area.
Employment opportunities should be provided to locals during construction phase
of the project;
Air and noise pollution will also occur during construction phase of the project
which will temporarily have a negative impact on terrestrial habitat and people
residing along project corridor. Some animals may leave the area due to noise/
blasting and vehicles and machinery movement. So the route alignment should be
adequately away from the breeding areas of animals;
The gas pipeline should be leakage proof and safety aspects should be addressed
properly. The month of June and July are the breeding months of fish, so the
pipeline should not be installed in water bodies during theses months;
Privacy of working Women will be affected because a large number of outsiders
will come to the area;
Drinking water sources must be protected because livestock feed on them and
people have no other income resources except livestock raising in many areas
along project corridor. During operational phase, any explosion/leakage of gas in
the water body will be a disaster and drinking water sources might be
destroyed/polluted so it must be compensated/mitigated;
Provision of fuel gas to the villages is the best mitigation and compensation
strategy as it will reduce the conflicts/social issues regarding land acquisition and
other compensation matters; and
People have shown willingness for providing security by themselves during operational
phase of the project, thus local people can be hired for security of pipeline.

Figure 6.5: Hierarchy of Community Involvement Programme
6.13.5.3 Programme
Community involvement begins with a sincere desire to communicate and interact with
the public and to better understand perceptions and attitudes relating to a particular
project. People tend to respond positively when they are given accurate information and
the parameters that affect decisions to be made; in other words, when they understand
where their opinions will make a difference. It is important to explain from the beginning
of a project which issues are set and where public opinion can influence the outcome.
Women participation is mandatory during the construction and operation phases of the
project in order to deal with the cultural as well as social concerns of the women.
Interlinked communities need to be developed for locals in order to address their
concerns in a positive manner. The following sessions and committees have been
proposed:
Orientation Sessions;
Information/ Dissemination Committee;
Training and Capacity Building;
Provision of Employment Opportunities;
Implementation Committee;
Assessment Committee;
Grievance Redressal Committee; and
Monitoring and Evaluation Committee.
Orientation Sessions
The Orientation sessions to be conducted at planning and route alignment stage to
provide awareness related to the project. Another reason for holding orientation session
is to build a good rapport between proponent, locals and the consultant. Various
sessions were held and people/locals were informed about the IP-Project interventions.
Further information is provided in PCDP.).
Information / Dissemination Committee
Information or awareness campaign will be held at field level and due weight-age would
be provided to the information and dissemination aspect of the project related programs.
All the programs regarding resettlement, relocation, payment disbursement process,
benefit programs etc. need to be disseminated using print as well as electronic media.
This needs to be made in order to provide equal opportunity for all the locals to respond
and raise their voices.
The information of meetings can be passed on to the locals through village elders, village
heads, school teachers and Imam Masjid by announcing through the loud speakers
about the meeting time and venue.
Training
Training of communities and workers/staff encourages the participation in the project.
This would give a chance to community to involve themselves and create a sense of
ownership in the process of development and community will also realize the
complications of the project and it is expected that only valid issues/concerns will be put
forth by the community.
In general, training course should target a representative number of local staff involved in
the construction of the project and local communities (PAPs). This process should thus
be an on-going activity. Participants should include data collectors, supervisors,
labourers, managers, other decision-makers, helpers, users and communities.
In line with its commitment to help develop local work force, Project proponent has
planned to support more initiatives that aim to provide basic skills for potential
candidates for non-skilled labour (local communities) positions to address the anticipated
mismatch between labour supply and demand during the construction phase. Skills
development will commence prior to the start of construction.
Provision of Employment Opportunities
Project Management would be committed to encourage local employment and economic
development opportunities to the communities of the Balochistan as well as for Sindh
Province. Local people from surrounding areas possessing the skills need to be trained
for a particular job.
Wide range of opportunities and roles are likely to emerge for the locals in the following
areas: security staff; excavation labour, trenching labour, guards for dumping and
storage areas, drivers, cooks, cloth washing for labour camps, gate keepers, community
mobilizes etc. Following a policy of merit based and transparent hiring process,
recruitment campaigns will be launched to attract the best talent available in Balochistan
and Sindh.
Implementation Committee
This committee will be formed with the objective to facilitate PAPs as well as the
management committee. The following matters are to be dealt:
Processing of documents required in case of resettlement issues;
Assistance in account opening;
Ownership entitlements as well as for its transfer process;
Entitlements of benefits;
Resolving ID card issues; and
Completion of other required documents, etc.
The above matters will also be subject to the policies as given in RPF (Document No.
B711-ILF-GEN-EN-REP-0002).
Grievance Redress committee
The above is already discussed in RPF.).

Monitoring and Evaluation Committee
As discussed earlier all of the committees are interlinked and this committee will be the
monitoring committee who aims at quality as well as quantity assurance and timely
accomplishments of targets. Its working will be started before the construction phase to
evaluate and monitor the disbursement of the payments to the PAPs and benefit
programs during the construction and operation phases. All issues and concerns will be
reported to the Project Management.
6.14 Communication and Documentation (Monitoring Period)
6.14.1 Kick-off Meeting
A kick off meeting with the agenda to have an understanding of the proposed activities of
monitoring will take place each time the EMC and SCs start monitoring activities
according to the programmes/protocols given in Tables 6.6. The meeting may be
attended by the EPC Contractor.
6.14.2 Progress Meetings
Once a month, a meeting will be held between the EMC, HSE and SCs to discuss the
conduct of the operations, results of monitoring, identification of gaps and problems etc.
6.14.3 Environmental Report
EPC Contractors and SC should produce periodic reports as well as inspection notes
based upon the site visits. The copies of these reports should be distributed to all the
concerned parties of the project. The details of types and responsibilities of the person
for preparing the report is summarized in Table 6.24.
Report Prepared by Distribution for Review
Daily EPC Contractors
HSE officer
Supervisory Consultant Resident
Engineer
Quarterly Report

Environmental Team-
Supervision Consultant
ISGS (EMC)
Annually ISGS (EMC) SEPA, BEPA, SWD, BWFD
Table 6.24: Periodic Reports
6.14.3.1 Daily Report
Daily reports to be prepared by EPC Contractor, which will define and reveal the
activities and measures undertaken for safeguard of environment and social matters.
6.14.3.2 Quarterly Environmental Report
A Quarterly Environmental Report (QER) will be prepared by SC. The QER as a
minimum will include the following:
Summary of monitoring results;
Statistical record of non-compliances observed during the monitoring period;
Record of mitigation measures taken or pending;
Record of social complaints; and
Record of Change Management.
6.14.3.3 Annual Reports
EMC will review the QER reports and will document its observations on non-compliances
and will recommend its advice for necessary measures. The report may be submitted to
SEPA, BEPA, SWD and BWFD (if required).
6.14.4 Records
Records (environment) will be maintained at site by EPC Contractors, E&RT/HSE (ISGS)
and SC to assist the preparation of reports as given before.
Data base of persons involves in monitoring (compliance and effects);
Non-compliance database such as identification number, serial number,
observation date, location (GPS coordinates), activity for non-compliance,
photographic record of non-compliance, action taken, person or agency
responsible for non-compliance; status of non-compliance;
Employment database (locals): name of person, village, age/sex and tribe;
Mitigation database: actions taken, type of measures taken, compliance with
EMMP;
Accidental database: type of accident, location and who is responsible?
HSE database: compliance and non-compliance record according to HSE Plan;
Change Record database: type of change, need of change, action taken; and
Social complaints: maintain social complaint register, name of complainant, type of
complaint, valid or not, action proposed.
6.14.5 Change Record Register
All changes to the EMMP or the project will be documented in Change Record Register
(CRR). As a minimum this CRR will include:
Parameters not identified in the EMMP which have been observed during the field
activities;
Any delays in the operation activities which affect the monitoring strategy; and
Any change in the monitoring point location due to some valid reason.
6.14.6 Photographic Record
EPC Contractors will maintain a photographic record of all the monitoring activities. As a
minimum, the photographic record will include the photographs of field monitoring,
consultations with the communities, meetings, area under the use of contractor facilities
before and after rehabilitation etc. Each photograph should be numbered, dated and
labeled with the features highlighted in the photograph.
6.15 Plantation Plan for Compressor Stations
6.15.1 Compressor Station
Three CSs are proposed, along the entire 780km long route of the pipeline. CS1 is
proposed at RD-8 (segment RD 0-180), CS2 at RD-343 (segment RD 300-380) and CS3
at RD-780 (segment RD 732-780).
Plantation Plan
The plantation plan for one compressor has been developed and is applicable to other
two stations also.
Plantation, along the outer side of the main boundary should not be carried out, on
account of security reasons and to keep the area clear and visible to the security guards.
However, inner side of the main boundary line should be planted with large sized, trees
at a distance of 3m from the boundary wall. Tree to tree distance should also be kept as
3m. As length of main boundary line is 5300m, approximately 1770 plants should be
raised here.
Length of roads along the main entrance is around 600 m. It has been proposed to
implant two rows of trees on either side of the road. The outer row will consists of
medium sized ornamental trees and the inner row of ornamental shrubs. The distance
from row to row and plant to plant will be around 3m. Therefore, a total of 800 trees will
be implanted.
Similarly, approximate length of road along the main CS is about 1850m and two rows of
plants have been proposed, one of medium sized ornamental trees and the other of
ornamental shrubs. The plant to plant and row to row distance should be the same as
mentioned above. Approximately 1240 plants to be grown.

In the residential area, along the roads, paths, green areas, same approach has been
adopted as given above. Two rows of plants will be raised on each side, one row of
ornamental medium sized trees on the outer side and another row of ornamental shrubs,
along the inner side. The total plantation length would be nearly 3000m. Around 4000
plants are expected to be raised.
So a total of nearly 7800 plants mainly consisting of large size, medium size and shrubs
are to be grown within the CS area.
6.15.2 Recommended Trees and Shrubs
Large trees to be planted along the inner side of main boundary are given in Table 6.25.
1. Neem Azadirachta indica
2. Arjan Terminalia arjuna
3 Pipal Ficus religiosa
4. Simal Bombar cilba
5. Lasura Cordia myra
6. Mulberry Morus alba
7. Gule-Nishtar Erythorina suberosa
Table 6.25: List of Large Trees
Medium sized trees to be planted along the inner roads are given in Table 6.26.
1. Sirris Albizzia lebbek
2. Amaltas Cassia fistula
3. Gul Mohar Poinciana regia
4. Jacarnda Jacaranda moniosifolia
5. Robinia Robinia pseudo acacia
6. Ailanthus Ailanthus species
7. Silver Oak Grevillea robusta
8. Bottle Brush Collistemon lanceolatos
9. Sukhchain Pongamia glabra
10. Kachnar Bauhinia variegate
Table 6.26: List of Medium Sized Trees
Shrubs
Golden Duranta;
Setcreasea Purpurea;
Bougainvillea;
Bougainvillea Variegated;
Tecoma Stans;
Jasminum Humile;
Classia Glauca;
Hibiscus;
Erythrina Blakel;
Murraya Exotica;
Lagerstroemia Alba;
Lagerstroemia Rosa; and
Lagerstroemia Purpurea.
6.15.3 Cost
Tables 6.27 to 6.30 below show the cost break-up of planting and maintenance for a
period of four (04) years taking the labour rate in the project area as Rs. 400 per day.
The cost of raising 200 plants or say over a length of 600m plantation has been
estimated as Rs. 1,56,000/- including price of plants, earthworks, procurement of
manures, continued supply of water to young plants throughout the year and its
maintenance for four (4) years.
Total cost for raising 7800 plants is estimated as Rs. 11.076 millions
Break-up of Expenditure for 200 plants @ Rs. 400/- per day:
First Year
Sr. No. Item Quantity Rate Amount (Rs.)
1. Layout 600 meters
Length
2 MD/600
meters
800.00
2. Digging of Pits 2.5 ft. each 2.5x200
= 1250 cft.
1250 cft. 5 MD/Av.km 2,000.00
3. Cost of Plants including 25%
Restocking
250 No. Rs.30/- plant 7,500.00
4. Cost of planting of plants 250 No. Rs. 10/- plant 2,500.00
5. Carriage of plants from private
nursery to site including
loading/unloading
600 No. Rs. 5/- plant 3,000.00
6. Cost of Manure and Bhall (silt)
including carriage
For 200
pits
Lump Sum 5000.00
7. H/watering 200 times 100x200 with
water hose pipe
20,000 No. 10 MD/per
Thousand
80,000
8. Weeding twice 200x2 400 No. 5 MD/per % 8000.00
9. Reopening of Pits twice
(200x4)/cft/pit
800 cft. 5 MD/per % 16,000.00
10. Unforeseen 200.00
Total: 1,25000.00
Table 6.27: Planting and Maintenance Cost for 1st Year

Second Year
1. Cost of Plants 25% Restocking 50 No. Rs.30/- plant 1500.00
2. Cost of planting 50 No. Rs. 10/- plant 500.00
3. Carriage of plants 50No. Rs. 5/- plant 250.00
4. H/watering 75 times with water
hose pipe
15,000 No. 10 MD/per
Thousand
60,000.00
5. Reopening of Pits twice
(200x4)
800 cft. 5 MD/per % 16000.00
6. Weeding twice 200x2 400 No. 5 MD/per % 8000.00
Total: 86,500.00
Table 6.28: Planting and Maintenance Cost for 2nd Year
Third Year
1. Cost of Plants 25% Restocking 50
No.
50 No. Rs.30/- plant 1500.00
2. Cost of planting 50 No. Rs. 10/- plant 500.00
3. Carriage of plants 50 No. Rs. 5/- plant 250.00
4. H/watering 50 times 10,000 no. 10 MD/per
Thousand
40,000.00
5. Reopening of Pits twice (200x4) 800 5 MD/per % 1,600.00
Total: 44,000.00
Table 6.29: Planting and Maintenance Cost for 3rd Year
Fourth Year
1. H/watering 30 times 6,000 No. 10MD/per
Thousand
24000.00
5. Pruning and cleaning of plants 200 No. 5 MD/per % 4000.00
Total: 28,500.00
Table 6.30: Planting and Maintenance Cost for 4th Year
Total cost for raising 200 plants and their maintenance for 4 years: Rs. 2, 84,000.00
Total cost for raising 7800 plants and their maintenance for 4 years: Rs. 11.076 million
6.16 Environmental Training Program
6.16.1 Training Strategy
An environmental training program needs to be conducted in order to build the different
key staff and the communitys capacity to effectively implement the project-specific
EMMP. Initially, the training program will be imparted to the key staff directly associated
with the project and subsequently, a separate program will be run for the community and
the labour force. Past experience has shown that the exclusion of the community from
the indirect benefits due to the project interventions has largely backfired and producing
socio-political issues that hinder the success of the project; therefore, this training aims
to be a beneficial program for the community.
For the training activities, EMC, EPC Contractors HSE department and SC are to
manage the program. However, if necessary, services of a third party (Consultants) can
be obtained for training.
In addition to the above training, additional training will be imparted as and when
required. The criterion to assess the need for additional training is based on the
following:
When a specified percentage of staff is newly inducted in the project;
When any non-compliance is repeatedly reported refresher training will be
provided;
When any incident/accident of minor or major nature occurs;
Arrival of new contractors/sub contractors; and
Start of any new process/activity.
6.16.2 Training Objectives
The overall objective of the training program is to create awareness and to train the
concerned stakeholders (refer above) to conserve and protect the ecological balance of
the COI (especially National Parks, Game Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuary) as much as
possible and to educate the community for future. Furthermore it sets out to ensure that
the requirements of EMMP are clearly understood and implemented throughout the
project life. The main objectives (but not limited to it) are as follows:
To train the project staff on how to interact and involve the concerned communities;
To train the managers for the protection of the health and safety of the
workers/labor;
To implement the mitigation measures how and when as given in the EMMP;
To define the roles and responsibilities of the concerned stakeholders according to
the EMMP;
To train the stakeholders for the reporting mechanism;
To train the concerned communities for protection of bio-diversity and their
participation in pipeline construction and operation activities; and
To raise awareness among the staff about HIV/AIDs prevention.

6.16.3 Training Material
EMC and EPC Contractors will prepare and produce training materials according to the
training program, one for the key staff and the rest for the community and labor.
6.16.4 Training Program
The detailed training program is given in Table 6.31. A training log will be maintained by
Contractor. The training log will include:
Topic;
Date, time and location;
Trainer; and
Participants.
Trainee Trainer Contents Schedule
Selected field staff of
EPC Contractors
and SC
EMC(ISGS) , HSE
(Contractor) and
Environmentalist
of SC
Environmental and social
aspects, particularly sensitive
areas (Dureji, Hingol Park, Buzi
Makola) along the pipeline
route.

Introduction to the triggered
national environmental laws
(PEPA Act 1997) and WB/ADB
OPs and safeguard policies.

Roles and Responsibilities of
various stakeholders.

Information on major baseline
(physical, ecological and social
sectors) of COI.

Social and cultural values of
the area.
Before
construction
activities

(one time)
SC

EMC (ISGS) Monitoring of wildlife and
vegetation (sensitive and
critical areas).

Procedures for monitoring of
air, noise and water samplings.

Key findings of the ESIA;
- Impact identification
- Mitigation measures
- Community issues
- Social and cultural values of
the area
Before and
during
construction
phase

(two times)
Construction crew EMC (ISGS), HSE
(EPC contractors)
and
Implementation of EMMP.

Waste disposal plan particularly
Before and
during
construction
Environmentalist
of SC
handling hazardous waste.

Fire Fighting system (HSE)).

Emergency Handling.

HSE plan ).

Good Construction Practices.

Safe handling of material and
waste.
phase

(4 sessions)
Drivers EPC Contractors
(HSE).
Road safety.
Wildlife safety.
Road restrictions.
Vehicle restrictions.
Defensive driving.
Waste disposal.
Social and cultural values of
the area.
Before and
during the
construction

(2 sessions)
Camp Staff/Support
Staff (in-charge of
workers/labor,
workshop force,
kitchen staff etc.).
EMC and
Environmentalist
of SC.
HSE plan.

Waste disposal.

Good housekeeping.

Safe handling of material and
waste.

An "alleviation programme" with
respect to STDs and HIV/AIDS
(this is a standard WB
requirement).

Compulsory HIV/AIDS and
STD awareness and prevention
training (IEC: information,
education, communication),
and including free access to
condoms (this is a standard
WB requirement).
Before and
during the
construction

(4 sessions)
Locals unskilled
labour
EPC contractors

Crane operators.

Riggers-who off load and
discharge (training in rigging
and slinging courses).

Training to side Boom crane
operator.

Training to locals for operation
of trenching machine.

Beveling machine.

During
construction
phase
(various
session)
Training for welding operations.

Pipe joint coating (if with foam).

Pipe line cleaning with brush/
foam pigs.

Training school for chefs and
stewards (Catering).

Restoration team EMC and
Environmentalist
of SC

Waste disposal.

Site restoration.

Leveling and restoration of
Construction camp site,
dumping sites and borrow area.
Before the start
of the
restoration
activity

(1 session)
Community EMC Introduction to the project
features and operations.

Interaction mechanism with the
project owner and project key
staff.

Introduction of significant
negative impacts on wildlife,
vegetation, water etc. due to
project interventions.

Benefits to the community by
the owner (proponent).

Mechanism of community
participation in the project
activities.

RPF awareness.

Complaints procedures.
Before, during
construction and
after
construction

(5 sessions)
Table 6.31: Training Program
6.17 Accessibility Proposal
Transportation of pipeline equipment, materials and other related services for carrying
out the mechanical and civil works at the project site may require a workable
Accessability Plan with the objective to avoid traffic congestion on the adjacent roads
and bridges, especially during the construction stage. Therefore, a traffic management
plan would need to be in place throughout this time period. Two transportation
companies Crescent services and National Logistic Corporation (NLC) have agreed to
supply the logistics requirements along the pipeline route.
EPC contractors are responsible to prepare a Traffic Management Plan (TMP), acquire
its approval from local traffic police and execute on site.
Following roads in Table 6.32 provide accessibility to construction camps and dumping
sites and COI for logistics of pipes.
Serial Section Access
1 Zero Point Gwadar Section

MCH is the nearest one; therefore it is to be
adopted.
2 Gwadar Pasni Section

adopted.
3 Pasni Ormara Section

adopted.
4 Aghor Uthal Section

adopted.
5 Uthal Sandh Section

Winder-Sandh road is the nearest one;
therefore it is to be adopted.
6 Sandh Dureji Section

Hub-Dureji road is the nearest one; therefore it
is to be adopted.
7 Dureji Amri Section

Sehwan-Baddu Jabbal road is the nearest one;
8 Amri Shaheed Benazirabad
Section

Karachi-Peshawar (N-5) is the nearest one;
9 Baddu Jabal Line Pipe Dump Site

Sehwan-Baddu Jabal road is the nearest one;
10 Near Dam Line Pipe Dump Site
(10 km away from Noorani Darbar)

Hub-Dureji & Hub More-Shah Noorani Darbar
roads are the nearest one; therefore they are
to be adopted.
Table 6.32: Summary of Main Access Roads for Transportation of Material
Reference: Logistic Study Report prepared as a part of this project.
6.17.1 Description of Roads along the Pipeline
Gwadar Section (Km 0 72 Km)
MCH will be used for the transportation of equipment. Existing pavement is in very good
condition. This section consists of plain area, design speed allowed in plain area is 100
km/hr and minimum curve radius is 470m. In this section, one bridge is on Dasht River
and six others are on natural streams. Wheel loading and local limitation as per
(Highway ordinance, 2000) for all highways is provided in Logistic Study report.
Gwadar Pasni section (Km 72 184 Km)
MCH is the access road. This section consists of plain to rolling terrain and design speed
allowed is 80km/hr and minimum curve radius is 260m. Bridges coming on 14 rain water
nullahs.
Pasni Ormara section (Km 184 304 Km)
MCH is the access road. Existing pavement is in good working condition. Design speed
in rolling/hilly area is 50km/hr and minimum curve radius is 17m. Bridges are on Shadi
kaur and Basol River and thirteen other bridges are on natural rain water streams.

Ormara Aghor Section (Km 308 431 Km)
MCH is the access road. This section falls in hilly area. Design speed in hilly areas is 50
km/hr and minimum curve radius is 100m. Bridges on Hingol River and natural rain water
streams are in good working condition.
Aghor Uthal Section (Km 435 550 Km)
MCH is the access road. Design speed in rolling/hilly area is 50km/hr and minimum
curve radius is 100m. Bridges are on Phor Nai and other rain water streams.
Uthal - Sandh Section (Km 550 583 Km)
It is a hilly section and no road close to pipeline is available. Only possible route to reach
Sanda is Winder Sanda road which is 65km long. Terrain along this road is plain to
rolling. Good speed can be maintained along this road. Minimum curve radius along this
road is 17m. Causeways on this road have been provided on rain water streams.
Sandh Dureji Section (Km 583 631 Km)
Possible route close to Dureji is Hub - Dureji road which is 120km long. Terrain along
this road is plain to rolling. Good speed can be achieved along this road and minimum
turning radius along this road is 17m. Causeway has been provided on rain water
streams. Other possible route is Hub Shah Noorani road which is 60km in length.
Dureji Amri Section (Km 631 722 Km)
This section lies in the mountain range. The roads along this section are Hub-Dureji
road which is also known as M7, 80km/h to 10 km/h speed can be achieved along this
road. From RDs 666-680 Bhit Plant Airport road should be used to access the pipeline.
Other roads are Sehwan Baddu Jabbal road, this road can serve about the area of
50km. From Sehwan upto Jhankara 30 km/h speed is required after which good speed
can be maintained. Another route to reach Amri is Indus Highway N5, which runs from
Peshawar to kotri. Military are located in this area and movement needs to be restricted.
Amri Shaheed Benazirabad (Km 722 780 Km)
Only possible route to reach Shaheed Benazirabad is existing Karachi Peshawar (N-5)
road. Good speed can be maintained.
6.18 Community Benefit Program
6.18.1 Introduction
This Community Benefit Program is being proposed in order to make the community
better-off, self sustaining and to support the community in such a way that their right of
getting basic necessities will be fulfilled. It is designed to reduce poverty and generate
income resources for the poor people (tribes and villages) along the pipeline route. The
project provides access to much-needed micro-credit loans and grants for infrastructure
and capacity building.
6.18.2 Objectives
The basic objectives of Community Benefit Program are discussed as under:
Reduce poverty through skills enhancement;
Meet or close the gap between desired and actual performance of available
facilities;
Strengthen target groups to become economically strong and promote self help
concept by providing the facility of micro financing;
Involve and increase locals participation in the labour force;
Expand locals' access to quality basic education, by opening primary schools for
boys and girls;
Improve maternal and child health by providing fully equipped dispensaries and to
accommodate the existing dispensaries;
Promote income generating opportunities for women, through providing different
grants and by providing stitching as well as knitting machines; and.
Upgrade better facilities of drinking water by providing nullkas, water coolers,
tubewells, hand pumps, water purification plants to improve the status of the
community.
6.18.3 Need Assessment
After field surveys and detailed consultative meetings with the locals of the project area it
has been assessed that the availability of the basic infrastructure and social amenities
measures the development of the area and living standard of the population. The survey
results have been derived based on the village profile which shows that on the whole,
one-half to three-fourth of the villages found within the COI of +500m m along the project
alignment has access to roads, electricity and schools especially for boys, while the
other facilities like health and drinking water, are found at equal to or less than 11%
villages.
The local population has to travel to distant places to get such life saving facilities
especially health facilities. Drinking water supply schemes are also not available at most
of the villages. In most of the villages, the ponds water is being used for drinking
purpose, however, in some cases; the pond water is being used as a drinking water
source both for human-beings and animals.

It can be concluded that the villages located in the jurisdiction of Sindh have relatively
better access to basic infrastructure especially roads, electricity and education as
compared to the villages located along the project alignment falling in the jurisdiction of
Balochistan province.
Village level assessment has been made and one-third (19 Nos.) of the total villages
have been selected, keeping in view that they will cover or may give better access to the
basic facilities as they were before. 53 percent of the villages have been selected from
the project area of Balochistan while 47 percent of the villages are from the project area
of Sindh.
Criteria for selecting the vulnerable villages for the provision of facilities are;
Non - existence of the facility (majorly health, education, and water);
Unreasonable access to the facility;
Larger population having minimal access;
Pressing needs of the respective villages; and
Providing better access to nearby areas.
The detail of selected villages along with their access and distance of access of the
facilities has been presented in Annex R.
One of the major issues of the locals in the project area is of the unavailability of health
units, education centres, water supply along with the problem of lack of electricity, road
and appropriate sewerage system (pipes, septic tanks and manholes).
Considering the above mentioned objectives and need assessment location wise
requirements are indicated in the Table 6.33 below. Although various facilities are
required in the villages, the most urgent needs are discussed below and planned to be
considered in the IP project.
Sr.
No.
Chainage Village Tehsil District Province
Basic Requirements
Electricity Road
Health Centre Primary Schools Drinking/Water Supply
Sewerage/
Drainage
Sewing/
Knitting
machines
Dispensary
Medicines
availability in
health Centre
Girls Boys
Desalination
Plant
Filter
Plant
Hand
Pump
Tube
wells
1 38+000 Paleri Gwadar Gwadar Balochistan
1 - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 1 10
2 70+000 Chib Kalmati Gwadar Gwadar Balochistan
- 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1 - - 7
3 83+000
Shere Muhammad
Bazar Gwadar Gwadar Balochistan
- 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 9
4 144+000 Shtangi Pasni Gwadar Balochistan
1 1 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 1 6
5 241+3 Koi Goth Pasni Gwadar Balochistan
1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 10
6 283+4 Koari Pormara Gwadar Balochistan
1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 12
7 426+000 Jaolo Goth Lehari Lasbela Balochistan
1 - 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 8
8 552+000 Jaffar Goth Uthal Lasbela Balochistan
1 - 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 7
9 641+000 Jaando Khan Dureji Lesbela Balochistan
1 1 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 11
10 655+200 Shakir Goth Dureji Lesbela Balochistan
1 1 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1 8
11 688+000 Hyder Gabol Sewhan Jamshoro Sindh
1 1 1 - 1 1 - - - 1 9
12 698+200 Mehmood Khan Sewhan Jamshoro Sindh
1 1 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 8
13 733+000 Raees Aftab Sakrand
Shaheed
Benazirabad Sindh
- - 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 10
14 739+720
Village Chaudhary
Akhtar Qazi Ahmed
Shaheed
Benazirabad Sindh
- - 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 12
15 743+100 Qasim Mehar Qazi Ahmed
Shaheed
Benazirabad Sindh
- - 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1 1 11
16 747+320
Ghulam Hussain
Warrar
Shaheed
Benazirabad
Shaheed
Benazirabad
Sindh
- - 1 - - - - - - 1 1 13
17 752+100
Khan Mohammad
Lund
Shaheed
Benazirabad
Shaheed
Benazirabad
Sindh
- - 1 - - - - - - 1 1 9
18 755+500 Jhanghi Khosa
Shaheed
Benazirabad
Shaheed
Benazirabad Sindh
- - 1 - - - - - - 1 1 10
19 763+500 Booa Sakrand
Shaheed
Benazirabad Sindh
- 1 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1 1 10
Total
10 9 18 1 12 8 7 4 11 8 18 180
Table 6.33: Location Wise Requirements of the Selected Villages
6.18.3.1 Provision of Primary Schools
According to Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey 2004, about two thirds of population
(68%) was aged 10 years and over have never been to school. (77%) of the population
was 10 years and over, have not completed primary school or higher. Gross enrolment is
much higher in urban compared to rural population (74% vs. 40%) and boys enrolment
compared with girls is (56% vs. 35%).
These abysmal statistics underline the
importance of education interventions in
the provinces. Education is a pre-requisite
for combating poverty, empowering
women, protection of children and
exploitative labor, promoting human
rights, protecting the environment and
influencing population growth.
The literacy rate on the whole in the project area has been computed to be 27.2 percent
which is very low, so in order to give them basic education, primary schools to be
proposed in the project area on the basis of need assessment. 12 primary girls schools
and 8 primary schools for boys have been proposed in the selected villages. The details
are given in Table 6.34.
(No. of Villages)
41

Province
Provision of Primary Schools
Boys Girls Overall
Balochistan 4 6 10
Sindh 4 6 10
Overall 8 12 20
Table 6.34: Provision of Primary Schools in the Project Area
6.18.3.2 Provision of Health Units
Deprivation, vulnerability and insecurity
define poverty in Pakistan and it is
estimated that at present 16 million
Pakistanis are living in absolute
poverty. The cycle of poverty is
exacerbated by ill health. This is
perpetuated by a lack of awareness of
the importance of rights associated with
health, in particular to women and
adolescents.

41
Single item in every village
The low levels of knowledge about health issues and availability of health services are
illustrated in the high Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR), 350-400 deaths per 100,000 live
births nationally.
Health facilities are abysmally low in the project area either there are no health units or
there are no medical facilities i.e. doctors and medicines. The objective of this program is
to provide awareness as well dispensaries in such a way that timely initial medical aid
will be provided to them. Eighteen dispensaries to be provided in both the provinces of
Balochistan and Sindh, details are provided in Table 6.35.
(No. of Villages)
42

Province
Provision of Health Facilities
Dispensaries Medical assistance only
43

Balochistan
9 1
Sindh
9 -
Overall
18 1
Table 6.35: Provision of Health Facilities in the Project Area
Organizing awareness programs can also be incorporated through these dispensaries
specially awareness about contagious and dangerous diseases like AIDs, hepatitis,
polio, family planning and awareness regarding maternal problems should also be
provided through lady health workers.
6.18.3.3 Provision of Water Supply
Water is an essential element for the survival of all forms of life. Unfortunately, while
Pakistan is blessed with natural surface
and groundwater resources, with the
passage of time rapid population
growth, urbanization and unsustainable
water consumption practices in the
agricultural and industrial sectors have
placed immense stress on the quality as
well as quantity of water resources in
the country. The urban area poor
population spends a disproportionately
large part of their income in buying
water from vendors while in rural areas
fetching water from long distances is the responsibility of women and children.

42
Including provision of doctors and medicines in the already existing dispensaries.

Access to safe water is the most basic of human rights. It is an essential component of
primary health care and is important for poverty alleviation. Provision of safe water
supply is an effective health intervention that reduces the mortality caused by water-
borne diseases by an average of 65% and the related morbidity by 26%. Inadequate
water supply results not only in more sickness and death, but also in higher health costs,
lower worker productivity and lower school enrolment.
The access to water supply is almost negligible in the areas of Balochistan; they are very
much in need of the hand pumps or nullkas (local name) to fulfill their requirement of
water. Keeping in view the need assessment and their pressing needs, 90 percent of the
hand pumps will be installed in Balochistan and only single hand pump has been
proposed for the Sindh area. Through need assessment and consultations it can be
concluded that in Sindh part of the route problem is more of purified water as compared
to the access of water so four filtration plants have been proposed to be installed.
Further, a total of 8 tube-wells are to be installed along the pipeline route to enhance the
water supply as well as for better irrigation facilities. Details are given in Table 6.36.
No. of Villages
Province Hand pumps Filtration plant
Balochistan 10 -
Sindh 1 4
Overall 11 4
Table 6.36: Provision of Water Supply in the Project Area
6.18.3.4 Provision of Women Development Program
It can be assessed that the women have the potential, capacity and willingness to
participate and contribute towards the development if requisite training/ capacity building
and financial support is provided. Accordingly, during the field survey, efforts were made
to explore the potential opportunities and income generating activities for the women
development. In this context, the following suggestions are forwarded to be considered
under project design for women development of the area.
Educate the women to make best use of available resources and enhance
household savings by proposing girls
primary schools;
Installation of small income generation
activities like cottage industries under
the project through micro-financing; and
Provide small credit to buy the livestock
(animals & poultry) to start their
business at domestic scale/ self
employment based on the women need
assessment.
Overall about 44.6 percent of the total population is women. It can be concluded that in
the vicinity of the project, women are significantly involved in domestic work. Women of
the project area are not mainly indulged in income generating activities. In case of
Balochistan trivial numbers of women are taking part in income generation through
teaching and medical profession indicating lack of social approval in the confinement of
Balochistan. In case of Sindh although the number is very few but women are involved in
teaching, medical and even in cottage industry.
It is proposed on the basis of households residing along the project route alignment
about 1500 stitching machines will be distributed, keeping in view the interest of the
women to participate actively for the betterment of their livelihood, as depicted in Table
6.37.
The stitching machines will be provided on the basis of poverty, the more poor the
household the more eligible the household will be for the machines. The distribution has
been made proportionate to the total number of households residing in the project area.
Provinces Households Stitching Machines
Balochistan 1508 675
Sindh 1828 825
Overall 3336 1500
Table 6.37: Provision of Women Development Schemes
6.18.3.5 Provision of Micro financing
Small loans have to be provided to poor members of the community so that they may
initiate small businesses. Micro credit program is vital for income generation and
economic empowerment of rural poor communities. It is the thrust of Community Benefit
Program to mitigate poverty through income generation initiatives i.e. disbursement of
small loans to poor communities through social mobilization.
Credit facilities to be provided to all vulnerable households to contribute towards
development by investing the amount in different business activities like;
Basket making;
Street hawking ;
Livestock rearing (Poultry, dairy products etc.);
Pot/ toys making;
Opening small shops of stationary goods and other household accessories;
Carpet weaving; and
Plastic bags.


Qarz-e- Husna, interest free loan on easy installment basis can also be provided to the
willing households, to support them to move ahead in the community which not only
helps their sole livelihood but will also contribute in the countrys development. At least
25% of the households located along the project route alignment as presented in Table
6.38 hould be provided with the micro financing/ Qarz-e-Husna ranging from PAK
Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 1,00,000.
(No. of Villages)
41

Provinces Households
Provision of Micro Credit/ Qarz-e-
Husna
Balochistan 1508 377
Sindh 1828 457
Overall 3336
834
Table 6.38: Provision of Micro Financing in the Project Area
6.18.4 Cost of Community Benefit Program
The cost for the Community Benefit Program is estimated to be Rs. 75,453,542 and the
item-wise detail of the unit cost as well as total cost is presented in the Table 6.39 below:
Sr.
No.
Basic Requirements Unit Nos.
Built up
Area
Unit Rate
(Rs.)
Total Cost
(Rs.)
Remarks
1
Dispensary Rooms Sq. m
18
662 10656 7,054,272 Two rooms
along with
Boundary
walls Boundary Walls
rm 540 820 442800
Internal Electrification Sq. m - 1615 1,069,200
Internal Water supply
and sanitation
- - 3014

2
Medicines availability
in health Center
- 1 - - 50,000

3
Girls School Rooms Sq. m
12
441 10226 4,509,666 Two rooms
along with
Boundary
walls Boundary walls
rm 360 820 295,200
Internal Electrification Sq. m - 3014 1,330,560
and sanitation
- - - 283,200

4
Boys School Rooms Sq. m
8
294 10226 3,006,444 Two rooms
along with
Boundary
walls Boundary walls
rm 240 820 1,96,800
Internal Electrification Sq. m - 3229 950,400
and sanitation
- - -

Sr.
No.
Basic Requirements Unit Nos.
Built up
Area
Unit Rate
(Rs.)
Total Cost
(Rs.)
Remarks
5 Filter Plant Per unit 4 1,500,000 6,000,000
6 Hand Pump Per unit 11 - 15,000 165,000
7
Sewing/ Knitting
machines
Per unit 1500 - 5,600 8,400,000

8
Micro Financing/
Qarz-e- Husna
Per Unit 834 50,000 41,700,000

Total: 2388 1937 - 75,453,542
Table 6.39: Details of Estimated Cost for Community Benefit Program
6.19 Selection of Construction Camps and Dumping Site Location
During the field study and reconnaissance survey tentative locations of 13 Construction
Camps (Main and Mini) and 10 Dumping sites have been worked out and given in the
Annex S. However exact location of the construction camps and dumping sites will be
marked by EPC contractors considering the criterion given in the Annex P. EPC
contractor will have the margin to shift the location between + 1-2 Km margin.
6.20 Environmental Cost
The monitoring, training and establishment cost including contingencies are given in
Table 6.40. It should be noted that these costs are preliminary indicative costs based on
the field surveys and interviews with the locals and in some cases the costs are
assumed, which need to be verified by the implementing agency.
Environmental management cost related to the implementation of the mitigation
measures of the environmental parameters pertaining to the construction activities,
borrow materials, etc. will be built into the Project cost. Costs for pre-construction
activities are already being borne by the ISGS.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING COST
Sr. No Parameter
No. of
Items/Points
Frequency
Total Items
/year
Unit Cost
(Rs)
Total Cost/
Annum
(Rs Million)
Remarks
1 Environmental Monitoring Cost
I. Construction Phase
A Physical Environment
a Surface Water 16 Quarterly 64 30,000 1.92 Water samples for 37 parameters
b Groundwater 11 Quarterly 44 25,000 1.1 Water samples for 35 parameters
c Wastewater 13 Quarterly 52 30,000 1.56
Testing of 37 parameters of
wastewater effluent from 13
contractors camp
d Soil Pollution 11 Bi-annually 22 20,000 0.44
From 10 dumping sites, Parameters
i.e. oil and grease, chlorides and
metals etc.
e Fumes and gases 15 Quarterly 60 35,000 2.1
Ambient Air monitoring at selected
contractors camp and 10 additional
selected points.
f Solid Waste 13 monthly 108 - -
Solid waste collected from thirteen
contractors camp should be
disposed off by contractor, visual
check by EMC.
Sub Total (A) 7.12
B Ecological Environment
a
Wildlife (Ibex, Chinkara, Urial
etc.)
Various places
(especially in
protected areas)
Quarterly 30 300,000 9.0
Lump sum (transect method is used
according to Monitoring Protocol for
Ecological Environment)
b Aquatic plants Various places Bi-annually 2 - - To be visually checked by EMC
c BWFD/SWD
Various places
(especially in
protected areas)
- - - 0.2
Lump sum 2, 00,000 will be paid to
the BWFD and SWD.
Sub Total (B) 9.2
C Social Environment
a Tribes / Villages Consultations 57 Quarterly 114 50,000 5.70 57 villages identified out of which
50% to be consulted randomly.
b Health Issues 600 Bi- Annually 1200 4,000 4.8 Lump sum unit rate
1800 staff based in 13 contractor
camps, however 30% to be checked

Sr. No Parameter
No. of
Items/Points
Frequency
Total Items
/year
Unit Cost
(Rs)
Total Cost/
Annum
(Rs Million)
Remarks
c
Women Residents
Consultations
57 Quarterly 57 50,000 2.85
57 villages identified from which 25%
will be randomly picked for
consultation.
793 1758 Sub Total (C) 13.35
Total (I)= (A+B+C) 29.67
Cost to be borne by EPC
Contractor
II. Operational Stage
A Physical Environment
a Surface Water 16 Annually 16 30,000 0.48 Water samples for 37 parameters.
b Wastewater 5 Bi-annually 10 30,000 0.3 At CSs and pigging stations.
c Groundwater 4 Annually 4 25,000 0.1 Near CSs and pigging stations.
d Soil Pollution 5 Annually 5 20,000 0.1
At five locations near CSs and
pigging stations parameters i.e. oil
and grease, chlorides and metals
etc.).
e Soil Erosion 5 Annually 5 . . To be visually checked by EMC.
f Fumes and gases 5 Bi-annually 10 40,000 0.4
Ambient Air quality monitoring at
CSs and pigging stations.
Sub Total (A) 1.38
B Ecological Environment
a
Wildlife (Chinkara, Ibex, Urial
etc.)
Various protected
places
Annually 5 300,000 1.5
Lump sum (transect method is used
according to monitoring Protocol for
Ecological Environment)
Sub Total (B) 1.5
C Social Environment
a Tribes / Villages Consultations 57
As and when
required
57 0.3
Lump sum (consultation covering 57
villages near the pipeline)
b
Women Residents
Consultations
29
As and when
required
29 0.2
Lump sum (gender consultation
covering 50% of the villages near the
pipeline
c
Health Issues including tests
for HIV/AIDs
180 Annually 180 4,000 0.72
Lump sum 100 persons working per
CS making a total of 300; however it
is arranged 60% to be checked.
306 321 Sub Total (C) 1.22
D Contingencies 2.5
Total (II)= (A+B+C+D) 6.6 Cost to be borne by ISGS
Total (1)= (I+II) 36.27
Sr. No Parameter
No. of
Items/Points
Frequency
Total Items
/year
Unit Cost
(Rs)
Total Cost/
Annum
(Rs Million)
Remarks
2 Training Cost
A
Selected field staff of EPC
Contractors and Supervision
Consultant
.
One time (before
construction)
. 50,000 0.05 For one year ( EPC Staff)
B Supervisory Consultant .
One time (construction
phase)
. 50,000 0.05 For one year
C Construction Crew .
4 session (one before
construction + 3 during
construction phase)
. 50,000 0.2 For one year
D Drivers .
construction one during
construction)
. 50,000 0.1 For one year
E Camp Staff / Support Staff ..
construction and 3 during
construction phase)
.. 50,000 0.2
For one year of construction and first
year of operation
F Restoration Team ..
One session (before
restoration activity)
50,000 0.05 One year of construction phase
G Community .
construction, 2 during
construction and 2 during
first year of operation
50,000 0.25
H Misc (Training) 2.0
Total (2) 2.9
3 EMC Establishment Cost
A EMC Staff (4 Nos) . 4 3.0 (million) 12.0 Cost to be borne by ISGS
Grand Total (1+2+3) 51.17
Table 6.40: Environmental Management and Monitoring Cost
6.21 Summary of Cost
Following Table 6.41 provides the summary of various costs as given before.

Sr.
#
Item
Total Cost (Rs
million)
Remarks
A: Plantation: 11.10

To be borne by ISGS
(including plantation and 4
years maintenance cost)
B: Community Benefits: 75.50 To be borne by ISGS
(total capital cost)
C: Monitoring (Construction
Phase):
29.67 To be borne by EPC
Contractor
(one year cost)
D: Monitoring (Operation
Phase)
6.6 To be borne by ISGS
(one year cost)
E: Training:
a) ISGS
b) EPC

2.10
0.90

F: EMC Establishment 12.00 To be borne by ISGS
(hiring and one year operation
cost)
G: On-site purchase of
instrument
1.00 To be borne by ISGS
Total: 138.87
Table 6.41: Summary of Cost
7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Conclusions
Following are the major conclusions drawn from SEIA study.
The proposed project requires EIA in accordance with the Schedule II of
PEPA1997 and other international financing agencies;
To facilitate acceptance of the SEIA on international level the important Word
Banks Operational Policies (OP) 4.01, OP 4.04 and 4.12 have been used as a
guideline for key elements of the SEIA, however, other project relevant Ops have
also been considered;
Under Section 12 (with subsequent amendment) of the PEPA 1997, any project
falling under any category specified in Schedule II - Sector Environmentally
Sensitive Areas (critical and sensitive areas) requires the proponent to file an EIA
with the federal agency (EPA) or provincial agency (BEPA/SEPA). As the pipeline
route passes through or close to a few sensitive areas (National Parks, Wildlife
Sanctuaries and Game Reserves), a special approval will be required;
Impact assessment for construction and operation phases reveals that most of the
adverse environmental impacts are associated with the construction phase of the
IP-Project. The impacts can be minimized and controlled to a maximum value by
adopting mitigation measures as suggested in the SEIA and EMMP;
An overview assessment of the entire route clearly reveals that the most sensitive
stretches of the corridor are HNP, Dureji Game Reserve, Kirthar ranges, Indus
crossing and agricultural areas (Sindh Province);
Sensitive areas include National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Game Reserves,
Reserved Forests, Water Crossings and Protected Wetlands. Various efforts have
been made to by-pass the sensitive and critical areas during the route optimization
process but considering the issues of constructability, security and accessibility,
the options were reduced to a limited number. Therefore, pipeline crosses HNP,
Dureji Game Reserve, Amri and Nasri Forest;
The crossing of HNP is considered severe, but due to security reasons alternatives
which bypass the National Park area in the north are not seen feasible. A bypass
around the National Park is not feasible due to security concerns and cost. Pipeline
route follows the existing highway corridor through the National Park to reduce the
additional impacts to a minimum wherever possible. Also there were patches which
were not suitable for pipeline routing due to some critical features including
badlands, erosion, active faults, mud volcano ridges, steep gradient mountains and
deep gullies and cuts. Therefore, the selected route was finalized that is close to
the southern boundary of HNP and follows the existing MCH corridor through the
National Park which is already a disturbed area; hence minimizing the possibility of
negative impacts on the rich and sensitive wildlife habitats of HNP;
The optimized route is crossing Dureji Game Reserve and follows the existing
Dureji road. However, the route passes through less sensitive area of this game
reserve in terms of habitats of Ibex and Afghan Urial. A northern by-pass of the
Dureji Game Reserve with a reasonable additional pipeline length is not feasible
due to impassable terrain for pipeline construction. A southern by-pass is not
feasible since the eastern boundary of the Game Reserve coincides with the
western boundary of KNP;
The proposed route by-pass the KNP. Further, the route has been optimized to
avoid disturbance to Miani Hor, Ormara Beeches (RAMSAR-wetlands), Kalmat
Khor and Jiwani;
Field observations and telephonic discussions with the District Forest Officers
(Dadu and Shaheed Benazirabad) revealed that the forests-Amri and Nasri-are
already degraded due to the reasons: a) inundation of the area during the flood
seasons and b) clearing of vegetation/trees/bushes every year before the flood
season by the forest department;
The IP-Project area is also home to various unique species of wildlife i.e. birds,
mammals and aquatic life, some of which have been declared vulnerable,
endangered, threatened or protected by international organizations such as IUCN
and WWF. A few important protected wildlife members of the project area involve;
Marsh Crocodile, Green Turtle, Ibex, Urial, Chinkara (gazelle) and Indus Blind
Dolphin. There are also a few migratory birds which travel across the southern
coastal areas of Balochistan and Sindh annually during late September to February
and could be affected due to the construction activities. However, IP gas pipeline
project gives special consideration to the habitats of these protected species
throughout the lifecycle of the project by implementing control measures and
mitigation plans to minimize the possibility of any negative impacts on the wildlife;
The region through which the pipeline crosses is located at the collision zone of
three tectonic plates namely Chagai-Makran Convergence Zone, Lut-Afghan Block
and Indian Plate making it highly vulnerable to earthquakes. IP gas pipeline route
encounters about 17 active Faults in total. The pipeline is crossing the faults in
trenches with special shape and backfill, allowing movement during earthquake
events avoiding pipe rupture.
Pipeline crossing within the Indus River (Sindh province) comes across the
movement of Blind Dolphin (Endangered Species-IUCN). This issue was identified
by WWF-Pakistan during stakeholders consultation sessions. To avoid the
potential disturbance to ecological features and endangered Blind Dolphins of
River Indus, the pipeline has been proposed to be built on piles by constructing it
along the existing bridge structure at Amri town. This also decreases the likelihood
of any damage to the river water quality and annihilation of aquatic life;
The IP gas pipeline project journeys through the flat desolate and hilly terrains of
Balochistan and winds up in the agricultural plains of Sindh. These two provinces
are vastly diverse in their ethnicity, culture, traditions; tribal set ups, standard of
living and everyday pattern of life. Especially Balochistan is still remains extremely
underprivileged even in terms of the most basic human facilities e.g. shortage of
clean drinking water, lack of education system, deficiency of employment
opportunities and absence of latest infrastructure. Therefore, it is imperative to
implement the Community Benefit Program as provided in the EMMP;
The most critical environmental permits include land acquisition that may require a
considerable time span for acquiring land within ROW in accordance with LAA-
1894 and de-notification of ROW located within the National Park and Game
Reserve;
Local community has shown various concerns (documented in PCDP) that in any
case need to be addressed under the portfolio of IP-Project: a) job opportunities for
the locals during the construction phase of the project b) skilled trainings c) gas
supply via tap off from the main pipe to the villages and d) plans for community
benefits;
Various other documents have been prepared along with this SEIA such as
Authority Permit Plan, PCDP, and Resettlement Policy Framework;
EMMP provides a detailed mitigation matrix that covers impacts, measures, roles
and responsibility and timings. Monitoring plan for both the phases has also been
separately given in the EMMP;
Based on the SEIA findings within the COI of +/- 500m from C/L of pipeline on
either side around 146 structures, 32 community structures, 23 public structures,
293 fruit trees, 1784 wood trees may be affected due to proposed project activities,
however, for ROW there would be marked decrease in above numbers; and
SEIA investigations have always a cut-off date and it contains information of the
project within this cut-off date (deadline). Various design activities including minor
changes in the route may be expected in future or after the cut-off date. Those
changes should be handled under the policy of Change Management and Record
Register provided in the EMMP.
Geotecnical investigations have proved poor groundwater conditions exist in and
around the CS1 site. Two options have been investigated for supply of water to
CS1 and it is recommended that concerned authority of Akra Kaur water scheme
may be asked to arrange the required water demand of 37000 gpd at Pirhin village.
From Pirhain village water may be pumped to the project site by laying out properly
designed new pipeline.
Surface and groundwater is not available in and around the project site (CS2),
except sea at a distance of about 25km in south. Nearest drinkable water source
for construction and utilities purpose is Bisol Nullah, located at distance of 30km
from the zero points of Ormara and around 55 km from project site on coastal high
way towards Gwadar. Since, the water requirement for the CS2 has been
estimated as 37000 gpd, therefore, some arrangements have to be made with
concerned authority of PHED or local administration of Ormara to share water of
public water supply scheme points by constructing a surface reservoir of suitable
capacity at zero point. From zero point, water has to be pumped by laying a pipe
line of about 25km up to project site.
Resistivity survey reports that groundwater quality has improved in form of fresh
groundwater lens up to depth 45m over saline groundwater along the Nursat canal
due to canal water seepage. Therefore, it is recommended that two shallow
tubewells of 30m depth and capacity 25m
3
each may be installed for water
requirement of CS3. Tubewells should be installed along the right bank instead of
left bank.
7.2 Recommendations-Next Steps
The next steps are given as below:
EPC Contractors Facilities
If the Contractors Camps or Dumping Sites at different locations from the
tentatively proposed ones are selected, the contractor must adopt the Contractors
camps site selection criteria given in Annex P (Checklist for Location and
Construction of Camps);
Pipeline Security and Community Benefits
Safety and security of the pipeline remains a debatable issue, despite provision of
various measures as provided in the detailed security study. SEIA magnifies this
issue from a socio-political perspective and strongly recommends that in order to
ensure the complete security of the pipeline, those (tribes) residing along the route
must be involved in/for the safety of the pipeline. The involvement of locals is a
difficult task and requires a process of social mobilization by providing them with
incentives (community benefit programs-EMMP) and an allocated operation and
maintenance expense amount. For this ISGS (Company), through its HSE
department, will prepare a mobilization plan in light of a socio-economic survey of
SEIA and develop an assortment of community security groups along the route.
The communities will be responsible for security of their own fragment of the
pipeline; however, their security involvement will be calibrated in collaboration with
the government and security agencies;
Socio-Political Aspects
The need of the hour is to compensate all the potentially affected people (in terms
of property, assets and livelihoods) due to the IP Project prior to its
commencement. This compensation should be made in accordance with the RPF
developed as part of the SEIA report. This will reduce the occurrence of social
impacts and political tensions in the project area and pipeline development process
thereof;
Bidding or Tender Documents
EMMP shall be made a compulsory part of all the Bidding or Tender documents of
EPC and similarly will be pertinent for the sub-contractors, provided if EPC decides
to outsource a few of the construction works;
National Parks Boundaries
Prior to the course of construction work, the ISGS (Company) and EPC Contractor
must take a leading role to effectively coordinate among SWD, BWFD, EDO (forest
and wildlife) and Park Manager (HNP, Buzi Makola and Dureji Game Reserve) for
clarification and reconfirmation of exact boundary line markings near the proposed
construction site, for all the National Parks/Game Reserves/Wildlife Sanctuaries, to
avoid any unexpected environmental issues during construction phase;
DGR & HNP Studies
The recommended studies for DGR and HNP involve capacity building programs to
empower local women and poor communities with income generation opportunities
from alternate means in these remote villages and a favourable growing
appreciation for the values of Park and Game Reserve. ISGS (Company) should
devise a workable strategy by working closely with relevant departments (IUCN,
WWF, BWFD) at provincial and district levels along with the local tribes for the
Parks and Game Reserves operational staff (Park Manager, Divisional Forest
Officer, Wildlife Rangers and Game Watchers), added improved facilities (vehicles,
sign posts, equipment, and boundary markers) and habitat conservation strategy in
Core Zone areas. The total cost of the above mentioned studies need to be
evaluated by the ISGS (Company) in consultation with the IUCN, WWF and
BWFD;
Borrow Materials and Quarry Locations
It is strongly recommended that no borrow areas should be considered within 5km
of the boundaries of National Parks, Game Reserves and Protected Areas. The
EPC Contractor must also prepare a Borrow Material and Quarry Restoration Plan
and get the approval from the Supervisory Consultants. However, this borrow and
quarry material must not be acquired from habitats of mammals (Ibex, Urial,
Chinkara), National Parks, Marshy River Bank areas (grazing spots of Wildlife),
surroundings of Wetlands boundaries (high tide-low tide vicinity) and residential
village areas (500m buffer at least);

Management Organizational Setup
ISGS (Company) and EPC Contractors must take serious steps to initiate the
establishment of EMC and HSE departments within their organizational structures
respectively, on top priority basis;
Training Programs
Various training programs have been provided in the EMMP. These programs must
be implemented by ISGS (Company) and EPC Contractors;
Skilled Training Courses
These courses will improve the capacity of the unskilled locals in terms of acquiring
better employment opportunities onshore and overseas. These skilled training
courses will include crane operators, riggers- who off load and discharge (training
in rigging and slinging courses), Side Boom Crane operator, Operation of trenching
machine, Bevelling machine, Welding operations, Pipe joint coating (if performed
with foam), Pipe line cleaning (brush/foam pigs), Training schools for chefs and
stewards (Catering);
Project Monitoring
A Monitoring plan for construction and operation phases will need to be properly
implemented by the EPC Contractors and ISGS (Company). The details of the
monitoring regime involving various monitoring techniques, timings and
specifications have been given in the EMMP;
HIV/AIDS Awareness Program
An awareness campaign must be launched amongst the project workers plus the
general public in the project area on the whole to minimize the likelihood of
transmission of this deadly disease in the area. Efforts should be made to create
awareness amongst worker camps, CS residential areas and grass root of
communities, especially farmers and women to make them aware of the
seriousness of HIV/AIDS spreading issue. It can include information lectures,
posters and pamphlets to be distributed amongst the participants. This program will
be implemented by the ISGS (Company) under its EMC;
Acquisition of Required Permits
It is recommended that ISGS (Company) and EPC Contractors must obtain several
permits and approvals from concerned authorities before the commencement of
construction work. The details of all such permits is provided in the Authority Permit
Plan); and

Land Acquisition and Compensation
ISGS (Company) must prepare the following documents related to land acquisition
according to the agreements of the contract; Property Documentation Database,
General Land Acquisition Plan, Specification ROW database (GDB), Property
Documentation, Proposal of Compensation Rates, Land Acquisition Special
Manual, Standard Agreement and Dossiers. The ISGS (Company) should prioritize
its efforts to prepare these documents on top-priority basis so that the
compensation to the PAPs can be provided according to the RPF and above
database.
Gas Connections
The project must provide connections in the main pipeline for supply of gas to the
local towns and villages (refer clause 5.3.1).

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