Web Technologies

Lecture Plan
MBA IV Semester -Web Technologies

Lecture 1-9
Definitions
1. A eb broser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact
with text, images, videos, music and other information typically located on a Web page at
a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. Text and images on a Web
page can contain hyperlinks to other Web pages at the same or different website. Web
browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access information provided on many Web
pages at many websites by traversing these links. Web browsers format T!"
information for display, so the appearance of a Web page may differ between browsers.
#ome of the Web browsers available for personal computers include $nternet %xplorer,
!o&illa 'irefox, #afari, (pera, and )etscape
*. A Web !age or eb!age is a resource of information that is suitable for the World
Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser. This information is usually in
T!" or +T!" format, and may provide navigation to other web pages via hypertext
links.
Web pages may be retrieved from a local computer or from a remote web server. The
web server may restrict access only to a private network, e.g. a corporate intranet, or it
may publish pages on the World Wide Web. Web pages are requested and served from
web servers using ypertext Transfer ,rotocol -TT,..
Web pages may consist of files of static text stored within the web server/s file system
-static web pages., or the web server may construct the -+.T!" for each web page
when it is requested by a browser -dynamic web pages.. 0lient1side scripting can make
web pages more responsive to user input once in the client browser.
A web page is a type of web document.
"# Web site -alternatively, ebsite or eb site. is a collection of Web pages, images,
videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server-s., usually
accessible via the $nternet, cell phone or a "A).
A Web page is a document, typically written in T!", that is almost always accessible
via TT,, a protocol that transfers information from the Web server to display in the
user/s Web browser.
All publicly accessible websites are seen collectively as constituting the 2World Wide
Web2.
The pages of websites can usually be accessed from a common root 34" called the
homepage, and usually reside on the same physical server. The 34"s of the pages
organi&e them into a hierarchy, although the hyperlinks between them control how the
reader perceives the overall structure and how the traffic flows between the different
parts of the sites.
#ome websites require a subscription to access some or all of their content. %xamples of
subscription sites include many business sites, parts of many news sites, academic 5ournal
sites, gaming sites, message boards, Web1based e1mail, services, social networking
website, and sites providing real1time stock market data.
6. $n computing, a !rotocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the
connection, communication, and data transfer between two computing endpoints. $n its
simplest form, a protocol can be defined as the rules go$erning the syntax, semantics,
and synchroni&ation of communication. ,rotocols may be implemented by hardware,
software, or a combination of the two. At the lowest level, a protocol defines the behavior
of a hardware connection.
7. A computer system that is accessed by a user working at a remote location. Typically,
the term is used when there are two computer systems connected by modems and
telephone lines. The system that contains the data is called the host, while the computer at
which the user sits is called the remote terminal.
(*. A computer that is connected to a T0,8$, network, including the $nternet. %ach host
has a unique $, address.
-9. To provide the infrastructure for a computer service. 'or example, there are many
companies that host files, programs, applications or even a Web server for companies and
individuals. $n the case of a Web server, it means that they provide the hardware,
software, and communications lines required by the server, but the content on the server
may be controlled by someone else.
:. An IP a%%ress -Internet Protocol a%%ress. is a unique address that certain electronic
devices currently use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a computer
network utili&ing the $nternet ,rotocol standard -IP.;in simpler terms, a computer
address. Any participating network device;including routers, switches, computers,
infrastructure servers -e.g., )T,, <)#, <0,, #)!,, etc.., printers, $nternet fax
machines, and some telephones;can have its own address that is unique within the scope
of the specific network. #ome $, addresses are intended to be unique within the scope of
the global $nternet, while others need to be unique only within the scope of an enterprise
=. The Worl% Wi%e Web -commonly shortened to the Web. is a system of interlinked,
hypertext documents accessed via the $nternet. With a web browser, a user views web
pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigates between
them using hyperlinks.
W&B S&'V&'
The term web server can mean one of two things:
1. A computer program that is responsible for accepting TT, requests from clients,
which are known as web browsers, and serving them TT, responses along with
optional data contents, which usually are web pages such as T!" documents
and linked ob5ects -images, etc...
*. A computer that runs a computer program which provides the functionality
described in the first sense of the term.
Although web server programs differ in detail, they all share some
basic common features.
1. (TTP > every web server program operates by accepting TT, requests from the
client, and providing an TT, response to the client. The TT, response usually
consists of an T!" document, but can also be a raw file, an image, or some
other type of document -defined by !$!%1types.? if some error is found in client
request or while trying to serve the request, a web server has to send an error
response which may include some custom T!" or text messages to better
explain the problem to end users.
*. Logging > usually web servers have also the capability of logging some detailed
information, about client requests and server responses, to log files? this allows
the webmaster to collect statistics by running log analy&ers on log files.
In practice many web servers implement the following features also:
1. Authentication , optional authori&ation request -request of user name and
password. before allowing access to some or all kind of resources.
*. andling of not only static content -file content recorded in server/s
filesystem-s.. but of %)namic content too by supporting one or more related
interfaces -##$, 0@$, #0@$, 'ast0@$, A#,, ,,, A#,, A#, .)%T, #erver A,$
such as )#A,$, $#A,$, etc...
9. (TTPS support -by ##" or T"#. to allow secure -encrypted. connections to the
server on the standard port 669 instead of usual port BC.
6. *ontent com!ression -i.e. by g&ip encoding. to reduce the si&e of the responses
-to lower bandwidth usage, etc...
7. Virtual hosting to serve many web sites using one $, address.
:. Large file su!!ort to be able to serve files whose si&e is greater than * @D on 9*
bit (#.
Ban%i%th throttling to limit the speed of responses in order to not saturate the
network and to be able to serve more clients.
(TTP 'e+uest T)!es
'e+uest Metho%s
HTTP defines eight methods (sometimes referred to as verbs!
indicating the desired action to be performed on the identified
resource.
%A<
Asks for the response identical to the one that would correspond to a @%T
request, but without the response body. This is useful for retrieving meta1
information written in response headers, without having to transport the entire
content.
@%T
4equests a representation of the specified resource. Dy far the most common
method used on the Web today. #hould not be used for operations that cause side1
effects -using it for actions in web applications is a common misuse.. #ee /safe
methods/ below.
,(#T
#ubmits data to be processed -e.g. from an T!" form. to the identified
resource. The data is included in the body of the request. This may result in the
creation of a new resource or the updates of existing resources or both.
,3T
3ploads a representation of the specified resource.
<%"%T%
<eletes the specified resource.
T4A0%
%choes back the received request, so that a client can see what intermediate
servers are adding or changing in the request.
(,T$()#
4eturns the TT, methods that the server supports. This can be used to check the
functionality of a web server.
0())%0T
0onverts the request connection to a transparent T0,8$, tunnel, usually to
facilitate ##"1encrypted communication -TT,#. through an unencrypted TT,
proxy.
E1F

Introduction to Microsoft IIS
$$# :.C includes new features designed to help businesses, $T professionals, and Web
administrators achieve their goals of performance, reliability, scalability, and security for
potentially thousands of Web sites either on a single $$# server or on multiple servers.
This section describes new and notable features in $$# :.C.
4eliability 'eatures> <escribes new modes of operation and World Wide Web
,ublishing #ervice -WWW service. processes.
#ecurity 'eatures> <escribes new features designed to secure your Web sites, data, and
your $$# server.
,erformance 'eatures> <escribes performance and scalability features.
Web Application Technologies> <escribes the $$# :.C implementation of !icrosoftG
A#,.)%T, A#,, and the A<#$ provider.
Administrative Tools and 'eatures> <escribes metabase changes and new administrative
tools.
$nternet #tandards> <escribes support for Web and $nternet standard protocols.
$nternet ,rotocol Hersion : 'eatures> <escribes the $$# :.C functionality that supports
$nternet ,rotocol Hersion : -$pv:..
*reating Virtual Directories in IIS ,#- .IIS ,#-/
Virtual Directories
A sub"directory of a web"site in II# can be either a physical sub"directory, or it can be a $irtual %irectory
that is logically mapped to that location. It really should not matter whether the directory is a physical
sub"directory or a $irtual %irectory, &ust li'e the location of the web"root isn(t e)posed. In most production
cases, especially with shared web"hosts, you will only be able to create physical sub"directories, probably
using *TP or similar tools.
If you open up the Internet #ervices +anager in your Administrative Tools, also called II# +anager, and
drill down you will see the logical structures. Physical directories are shown with a folder icon, while $irtual
%irectories are shown with a special folder icon that has a globe as part of the icon. ,ou may also see
another icon, either a bo) around a globe icon (-in ./01P! or a gear icon (-.223!, which indicates the
directory is an II# Application.
IIS Applications
An II# Application is a directory, physical or virtual, that has been setup in a manner that ma'es it
logically independent from the rest of the web"site. Its purpose is basically to ma'e sub"directories act
&ust li'e real web"sites, which is very useful on -in ./01P Pro, but not really necessary on a #erver. Its
important to understand that you cannot create an II# Application simply using *TP or similar tools "" and
this is the cause of many A#P.45T problems.
#o how do you create an II# Application6 *irst, $#.45T automatically ma'es all new web pro&ects into II#
Applications, whether you want it to be or not. 7therwise, you need to use II# +anager to create or setup
an II# Application, or get your web"host to do it for you (WebHost4Life.com has a tool for this!. The
easiest techni8ue is to use II# +anager to create a new $irtual %irectory "" it will also be an II#
Application by default, which adds to the confusion.
$n most cases, the content you publish to your Web or 'T, site is located in a root or
home directory on your computer, such as 0>I$netpubIWwwrootI. owever, there might
be instances when the content is located somewhere else, or even on a remote computer.
To publish from any directory not contained within your home or root directory, you can
create a virtual directory. A virtual directory is a directory that is not contained in the
home directory but appears to client browsers as though it were.
Jou can create a virtual directory through $$# !anager or by using Windows %xplorer.
To create a $irtual %irector) b) using IIS Manager
1. $n $$# !anager, expand the local computer, expand the Web Sites or 0TP Sites folder,
right1click the site or folder within which you want to create the virtual directory, point
to 1e, and then click Virtual Director). The Virtual Director) *reation Wi2ar%
appears.
*. 0lick 1e3t.
9. $n the Alias box, type a name for the virtual directory. -0hoose a short name that is
easy to type because the user types this name..
6. 0lick 1e3t.
7. $n the Path box, type or browse to the physical directory in which the virtual directory
resides, and then click 1e3t.
:. 3nder Allo the folloing !ermissions, select the check boxes for the access
permissions you want to assign to your users, and then click 1e3t#
To start IIS Manager
1. 'rom the Start menu, point to A%ministrati$e Tools, and then click Internet
Information Ser$ices .IIS/ Manager.
To start IIS Manager from the 'un %ialog bo3
1. 'rom the Start menu, click 'un.
*. $n the 4!en box, type inetmgr, and click 45.
Jou can also access $$# from the 0omputer !anagement window. Accessing $$# in this
way does not give you the range of administration options offered by $$# !anager?
however, it does offer quick access and limited management options for your Web sites.
To start IIS Manager from the *om!uter Management in%o
1. 'rom the Start menu, right1click M) *om!uter, and click Manage.
*. $n the console tree, expand the Ser$ices an% A!!lications node.
9. 0lick Internet Information Ser$ices. The names and states of your Web sites appear
in the details pane.
6. $n the console tree, expand the Internet Information Ser$ices node and any
subsequent Web site nodes to see a list of directories and virtual directories for that
Web site.
D(TML Technologies
With <T!" a Web developer can control how to display and position T!" elements
in a browser window.
(TML 6#-
With T!" 6.C all formatting can be moved out of the T!" document and into a
separate st)le sheet. Decause T!" 6.C separates the presentation of the document from
its structure, we have total control of presentation layout without messing up the
document content.
*asca%ing St)le Sheets .*SS/
With 0## we have a style and layout model for T!" documents.
0## was a breakthrough in Web design because it allowed developers to control the style
and layout of multiple Web pages all at once. As a Web developer you can define a style
for each T!" element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want. To make a
global change, simply change the style, and all elements in the Web are updated
automatically.
The Document 4b7ect Mo%el .D4M/
D4M stands for the Document 4b5ect Model.
The T!" <(! is the <ocument (b5ect !odel for T!".
The T!" <(! defines a standard set of ob5ects for T!", and a standard way to
access and manipulate T!" ob5ects.
"The W3C Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform and language neutral interface
that allows programs and scripts to dnamicall access and update the content!
structure! and stle of a document".
8a$aScri!t
Allows you to write code to control all T!" elements.
8a$aScri!t 0orm Vali%ation
8a$aScri!t can be use% to $ali%ate in!ut %ata in (TML forms before sen%ing off the
content to a ser$er#
8a$aScri!t 0orm Vali%ation
Aava#cript can be used to validate input data in T!" forms before sending off the
content to a server.
'orm data that typically are checked by a Aava#cript could be>
has the user left required fields emptyK
has the user entered a valid e1mail addressK
has the user entered a valid dateK
has the user entered text in a numeric fieldK
'e+uire% 0iel%s
The function below checks if a required field has been left empty. $f the required field is
blank, an alert box alerts a message and the function returns false. $f a value is entered,
the function returns true -means that data is (L.>
function validateMrequired-field,alerttxt.
N
with -field.
N
if -valueOOnullPPvalueOO22.
Nalert-alerttxt.?return falseQ
else Nreturn trueQ
Q
Q
The entire script, with the T!" form could look something like this>
RhtmlS
RheadS
Rscript typeO2text85avascript2S
function validateMrequired-field,alerttxt.
N
with -field.
N
if -valueOOnullPPvalueOO22.
else Nreturn trueQ
Q
Q
function validateMform-thisform.
N
with -thisform.
N
if -validateMrequired-email,2%mail must be filled outT2.OOfalse.
Nemail.focus-.?return falseQ
Q
Q
R8scriptS
R8headS
RbodyS
Rform actionO2submitpage.htm2
onsubmitO2return validateMform-this.2
methodO2post2S
%mail> Rinput typeO2text2 nameO2email2 si&eO29C2S
Rinput typeO2submit2 valueO2#ubmit2S
R8formS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
&-mail Vali%ation
The function below checks if the content has the general syntax of an email.
This means that the input data must contain at least an U sign and a dot -... Also, the U
must not be the first character of the email address, and the last dot must at least be one
character after the U sign>
function validateMemail-field,alerttxt.
N
with -field.
N
aposOvalue.index(f-2U2.
dotposOvalue.last$ndex(f-2.2.
if -aposR1PPdotpos1aposR*.
else Nreturn trueQ
Q
Q
The entire script, with the T!" form could look something like this>
RhtmlS
RheadS
Rscript typeO2text85avascript2S
function validateMemail-field,alerttxt.
N
with -field.
N
aposOvalue.index(f-2U2.
dotposOvalue.last$ndex(f-2.2.
if -aposR1PPdotpos1aposR*.
else Nreturn trueQ
Q
Q
function validateMform-thisform.
N
with -thisform.
N
if -validateMemail-email,2)ot a valid e1mail addressT2.OOfalse.
Nemail.focus-.?return falseQ
Q
Q
R8scriptS
R8headS
RbodyS
Rform actionO2submitpage.htm2
onsubmitO2return validateMform-this.?2
methodO2post2S
%mail> Rinput typeO2text2 nameO2email2 si&eO29C2S
Rinput typeO2submit2 valueO2#ubmit2S
R8formS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
What is *SS9
*SS stands for *ascading Style Sheets
#tyles define ho to %is!la) T!" elements
#tyles are normally stored in St)le Sheets
#tyles were added to T!" 6.C to sol$e a !roblem
&3ternal St)le Sheets can save you a lot of work
%xternal #tyle #heets are stored in *SS files
*SS S)nta3
S)nta3
The 0## syntax is made up of three parts> a selector, a property and a value>
selector Nproperty> valueQ
The selector is normally the T!" element8tag you wish to define, the property is the
attribute you wish to change, and each property can take a value. The property and value
are separated by a colon, and surrounded by curly braces>
body Ncolor> blackQ
1ote: $f the value is multiple words, put quotes around the value>
p Nfont1family> 2sans serif2Q
1ote: $f you wish to specify more than one property, you must separate each property
with a semicolon. The example below shows how to define a center aligned paragraph,
with a red text color>
p Ntext1align>center?color>redQ
To make the style definitions more readable, you can describe one property on each line,
like this>
p
N
text1align> center?
color> black?
font1family> arial
Q
;rou!ing
Jou can group selectors. #eparate each selector with a comma. $n the example below we
have grouped all the header elements. All header elements will be displayed in green text
color>
h1,h*,h9,h6,h7,h:
N
color> green
Q
The class Selector
With the class selector you can define different styles for the same type of T!"
element.
#ay that you would like to have two types of paragraphs in your document> one right1
aligned paragraph, and one center1aligned paragraph. ere is how you can do it with
styles>
p.right Ntext1align> rightQ
p.center Ntext1align> centerQ
Jou have to use the class attribute in your T!" document>
Rp classO2right2S
This paragraph will be right1aligned.
R8pS
Rp classO2center2S
This paragraph will be center1aligned.
R8pS
1ote: To apply more than one class per given element, the syntax is>
Rp classO2center bold2S
This is a paragraph.
R8pS
The paragraph above will be styled by the class 2center2 A)< the class 2bold2.
Jou can also omit the tag name in the selector to define a style that will be used by all
T!" elements that have a certain class. $n the example below, all T!" elements with
classO2center2 will be center1aligned>
.center Ntext1align> centerQ
$n the code below both the h1 element and the p element have classO2center2. This means
that both elements will follow the rules in the 2.center2 selector>
Rh1 classO2center2S
This heading will be center1aligned
R8h1S
Rp classO2center2S
This paragraph will also be center1aligned.
R8pS
A%% St)les to &lements ith Particular Attributes
Jou can also apply styles to T!" elements with particular attributes.
The style rule below will match all input elements that has a type attribute with a value of
2text2>
$nputEtypeO2text2F Nbackground1color> blueQ
The i% Selector
Jou can also define styles for T!" elements with the id selector. The id selector is
defined as a V.
The style rule below will match the element that has an id attribute with a value of
2green2>
Vgreen Ncolor> greenQ
The style rule below will match the p element that has an id with a value of 2para12>
pVpara1
N
text1align> center?
color> red
Q
*SS *omments
0omments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source
code at a later date. Drowsers will ignore a comment. A 0## comment begins with 28W2,
and ends with 2W82, like this>
8W This is a comment W8
p
N
text1align> center?
8W This is another comment W8
color> black?
font1family> arial
Q
(o to Insert a St)le Sheet
When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it. There are
three ways of inserting a style sheet>
&3ternal St)le Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external
style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. %ach
page must link to the style sheet using the RlinkS tag. The RlinkS tag goes inside the head
section>
RheadS
Rlink relO2stylesheet2 typeO2text8css2
hrefO2mystyle.css2 8S
R8headS
The browser will read the style definitions from the file mystyle.css, and format the
document according to it.
An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any
html tags. Jour style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. An example of a style
sheet file is shown below>
hr Ncolor> siennaQ
p Nmargin1left> *CpxQ
body Nbackground1image> url-2images8back6C.gif2.Q
Internal St)le Sheet
An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. Jou
define internal styles in the head section by using the RstyleS tag, like this>
RheadS
Rstyle typeO2text8css2S
hr Ncolor> siennaQ
p Nmargin1left> *CpxQ
body Nbackground1image> url-2images8back6C.gif2.Q
R8styleS
R8headS
The browser will now read the style definitions, and format the document according to it.
Inline St)les
An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with
presentation. 3se this method sparingly, such as when a style is to be applied to a single
occurrence of an element.
To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can
contain any 0## property. The example shows how to change the color and the left
margin of a paragraph>
Rp styleO2color> sienna? margin1left> *Cpx2S
This is a paragraph
R8pS
Multi!le St)le Sheets
$f some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values
will be inherited from the more specific style sheet.
'or example, an external style sheet has these properties for the h9 selector>
h9
N
color> red?
text1align> left?
font1si&e> Bpt
Q
And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h9 selector>
h9
N
text1align> right?
font1si&e> *Cpt
Q
$f the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the properties
for h9 will be>
color> red?
text1align> right?
font1si&e> *Cpt
The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text1alignment and the font1
si&e is replaced by the internal style sheet.
Lecture 1--<=
Acti$e Ser$er Pages> Working with A#, ,ages, A#, (b5ects, 'ile #ystem (b5ects,
#ession Tracking and 0ookies, Active+ <ata (b5ects, Accessing a <atabase from Active
#erver ,age.
Wor>ing ith ASP Pages
An A#, file can contain text, T!" tags and scripts. #cripts in an A#, file are executed
on the server.
What is ASP9
A#, stands for Active Server Pages
A#, is a program that runs inside IIS
$$# stands for Internet Information Services
$$# comes as a free component with Win%os <---
$$# is also a part of the Win%os 1T 6#- 4!tion Pac>
The (ption ,ack can be %onloa%e% from !icrosoft
PWS is a smaller 1 but fully functional 1 version of $$#
,W# can be found on your Win%os 9?@9A *D
What is an ASP 0ile9
An A#, file is 5ust the same as an T!" file
An A#, file can contain text, T!", +!", and scripts
#cripts in an A#, file are executed on the server
An A#, file has the file extension 2.asp2
What can ASP %o for )ou9
<ynamically edit, change or add any content of a Web page
4espond to user queries or data submitted from T!" forms
Access any data or databases and return the results to a browser
0ustomi&e a Web page to make it more useful for individual users
The advantages of using A#, instead of 0@$ and ,erl, are those of simplicity and
speed
,rovide security since your A#, code can not be viewed from the browser
0lever A#, programming can minimi&e the network traffic
(o to rite some te3t ith ASP#
A#, #ource>
BhtmlC
Bbo%)C
BD
res!onse#rite.E(ello Worl%FE/
DC
B@bo%)C
B@htmlC
(utput 4esult
(ello Worl%F
ow to format the text with T!" tags.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
response.write-2Rh*SJou can use T!" tags to format the textTR8h*S2.
XS
RX
response.write-2Rp styleO/color>VCCCCff/SThis text is styled with the style attributeT
R8pS2.
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
Gou can use (TML tags to format the te3tF
This text is styled with the style attributeT
The Dasic #yntax 4ule
An A#, file normally contains T!" tags, 5ust like an T!" file. owever, an A#,
file can also contain ser$er scri!ts, surrounded by the delimiters BD and DC. #erver
scripts are e3ecute% on the ser$erH and can contain any expressions, statements,
procedures, or operators valid for the scripting language you prefer to use.
Write 4ut!ut to a Broser
The response.write command is used to write output to a browser. The following example
sends the text 2ello World2 to the browser>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
response.write-2ello WorldT2.
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
There is also a shorthand method for the response.write command. The following
example also sends the text 2ello World2 to the browser>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RXO2ello WorldT2XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
VBScri!t
Jou can use several scripting languages in A#,. owever, the default scripting language
is HD#cript>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
response.write-2ello WorldT2.
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
The example above writes 2ello WorldT2 into the body of the document.
8a$aScri!t
To set Aava#cript as the default scripting language for a particular page you must insert a
language specification at the top of the page>
RXU languageO25avascript2XS
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
4esponse.Write-2ello WorldT2.
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
A#, Hariables
A $ariable is use% to store information#
If the $ariable is %eclare% outsi%e a !roce%ure it can be change% b) an) scri!t in the
ASP file# If the $ariable is %eclare% insi%e a !roce%ureH it is create% an% %estro)e%
e$er) time the !roce%ure is e3ecute%#
<eclare a variable
Hariables are used to store information. This example demonstrates how to declare a
variable, assign a value to it, and use the value in a text.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
dim name
nameO2<onald <uck2
response.write-2!y name is> 2 Y name.
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
!y name is> <onald <uck
Lifetime of Variables
A variable declared outside a procedure can be accessed and changed by any script in the
A#, file.
A variable declared inside a procedure is created and destroyed every time the procedure
is executed. )o scripts outside the procedure can access or change the variable.
To declare variables accessible to more than one A#, file, declare them as session
variables or application variables.
Session Variables
#ession variables are used to store information about ()% single user, and are available
to all pages in one application. Typically information stored in session variables are
name, id, and preferences.
A!!lication Variables
Application variables are also available to all pages in one application. Application
variables are used to store information about A"" users in a specific application.
<eclare an array
Arrays are used to store a series of related data items. This example demonstrates how to
declare an array that stores names.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
<im famname-:.,i
famname-1. O 2Aan %gil2
famname-*. O 2Tove2
famname-9. O 2ege2
famname-6. O 2#tale2
famname-7. O 2Lai Aim2
famname-:. O 2Dorge2
'or i O 1 to :
response.write-famname-i. Y 2Rbr 8S2.
)ext
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
Aan %gil
Tove
ege
#tale
Lai Aim
Dorge
Loo! through the (TML hea%ers
ow to loop through the six headers in T!".
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
dim i
for iO1 to :
response.write-2Rh2 Y i Y 2Seader 2 Y i Y 2R8h2 Y i Y 2S2.
next
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
(ea%er 1
(ea%er <
(ea%er "
(ea%er 6
(ea%er ?
(ea%er ,
&3am!les
0all a procedure using HD#cript
ow to call a HD#cript procedure from A#,.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RheadS
RX
sub vbproc-num1,num*.
response.write-num1Wnum*.
end sub
XS
R8headS
RbodyS
RpS
Jou can call a procedure like this>
R8pS
RpS
4esult> RXcall vbproc-9,6.XS
R8pS
RpS
(r, like this>
R8pS
RpS
4esult> RXvbproc 9,6XS
R8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
Jou can call a procedure like this>
4esult> 1*
(r, like this>
4esult> 1*
*all a !roce%ure using 8a$aScri!t
ow to call a Aava#cript procedure from A#,.
ASP Source:
RXU languageO25avascript2 XS
RhtmlS
RheadS
RX
function 5sproc-num1,num*.
N
4esponse.Write-num1Wnum*.
Q
XS
R8headS
RbodyS
RpS
4esult> RX5sproc-9,6.XS
R8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
4esult> 1*
*all !roce%ures using VBScri!t
ow to call both a Aava#cript procedure and a HD#cript procedure in an A#, file.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RheadS
RX
end sub
XS
Rscript languageO25avascript2 runatO2server2S
N
Q
R8scriptS
R8headS
RbodyS
RpS4esult> RXcall vbproc-9,6.XSR8pS
RpS4esult> RXcall 5sproc-9,6.XSR8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
4esult> 1*
4esult> 1*
Proce%ures
The A#, source code can contain procedures and functions>
RhtmlS
RheadS
RX
response.write-num1Wnum*.
end sub
XS
R8headS
RbodyS
RpS4esult> RXcall vbproc-9,6.XSR8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
$nsert the RXU languageO2language2 XS line above the RhtmlS tag to write procedures
or functions in another scripting language than default>
RXU languageO25avascript2 XS
RhtmlS
RheadS
RX
N
Q
XS
R8headS
RbodyS
RpS4esult> RX5sproc-9,6.XSR8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
ASP 0orms an% Iser In!ut
The 'e+uest#Juer)String an% 'e+uest#0orm comman%s ma) be use% to retrie$e
information from formsH li>e user in!ut#
&3am!les
A form with methodO2get2
ow to interact with the user, with the 4equest.Zuery#tring command.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RbodyS
Rform actionO2demoMreqquery.asp2 methodO2get2S
Jour name> Rinput typeO2text2 nameO2fname2 si&eO2*C2 8S
Rinput typeO2submit2 valueO2#ubmit2 8S
R8formS
RX
dim fname
fnameO4equest.Zuery#tring-2fname2.
$f fnameRS22 Then
4esponse.Write-2ello 2 Y fname Y 2TRbr 8S2.
4esponse.Write-2ow are you todayK2.
%nd $f
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
Jour name>
Submit
A form with methodO2post2
ow to interact with the user, with the 4equest.'orm command.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RbodyS
Rform actionO2demoMsimpleform.asp2 methodO2post2S
Jour name> Rinput typeO2text2 nameO2fname2 si&eO2*C2 8S
R8formS
RX
dim fname
fnameO4equest.'orm-2fname2.
$f fnameRS22 Then
4esponse.Write-2ello 2 Y fname Y 2TRbr 8S2.
4esponse.Write-2ow are you todayK2.
%nd $f
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
Jour name>
Submit
A form ith ra%io buttons
ow to interact with the user, through radio buttons, with the 4equest.'orm command.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RX
dim cars
carsO4equest.'orm-2cars2.
XS
RbodyS
Rform actionO2demoMradiob.asp2 methodO2post2S
RpS,lease select your favorite car>R8pS
Rinput typeO2radio2 nameO2cars2
RXif carsO2Holvo2 then 4esponse.Write-2checked2.XS
valueO2Holvo2SHolvoR8inputS
Rbr 8S
RXif carsO2#aab2 then 4esponse.Write-2checked2.XS
valueO2#aab2S#aabR8inputS
Rbr 8S
RXif carsO2D!W2 then 4esponse.Write-2checked2.XS
valueO2D!W2SD!WR8inputS
Rbr 8SRbr 8S
R8formS
RX
if carsRS22 then
4esponse.Write-2RpSJour favorite car is> 2 Y cars Y 2R8pS2.
end if
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
,lease select your favorite car>
Holvo
#aab
D!W
Submit
Iser In!ut
The 4equest ob5ect may be used to retrieve user information from forms.
0orm e3am!le:
Rform methodO2get2 actionO2simpleform.asp2S
'irst )ame> Rinput typeO2text2 nameO2fname2 8S
Rbr 8S
"ast )ame> Rinput typeO2text2 nameO2lname2 8S
Rbr 8SRbr 8S
R8formS
3ser input can be retrieved in two ways> With 4equest.Zuery#tring or 4equest.'orm.
'e+uest#Juer)String
The 4equest.Zuery#tring command is used to collect values in a form with
methodO2get2. $nformation sent from a form with the @%T method is visible to everyone
-it will be displayed in the browser/s address bar. and has limits on the amount of
information to send.
$f a user typed 2Dill2 and 2@ates2 in the form example above, the 34" sent to the server
would look like this>
http>88www.w9schools.com8simpleform.aspKfnameODillYlnameO@ates
Assume that the A#, file 2simpleform.asp2 contains the following script>
RbodyS
Welcome
RX
response.write-request.querystring-2fname2..
response.write-2 2 Y request.querystring-2lname2..
XS
R8bodyS
The browser will display the following in the body of the document>
Welcome Dill @ates
'e+uest#0orm
The 4equest.'orm command is used to collect values in a form with methodO2post2.
$nformation sent from a form with the ,(#T method is invisible to others and has no
limits on the amount of information to send.
$f a user typed 2Dill2 and 2@ates2 in the form example above, the 34" sent to the server
would look like this>
http>88www.w9schools.com8simpleform.asp
Assume that the A#, file 2simpleform.asp2 contains the following script>
RbodyS
Welcome
RX
response.write-request.form-2fname2..
response.write-2 2 Y request.form-2lname2..
XS
R8bodyS
The browser will display the following in the body of the document>
Welcome Dill @ates
ASP 4b7ectsH 0ile S)stem 4b7ectsH Session Trac>ing an% *oo>ies
ASP *oo>ies
A coo>ie is often use% to i%entif) a user#
&3am!les
Welcome cookie
ow to create a Welcome cookie.
ASP Source:
RX
dim numvisits
response.cookies-2)umHisits2..%xpiresOdate[9:7
numvisitsOrequest.cookies-2)umHisits2.
if numvisitsO22 then
response.cookies-2)umHisits2.O1
response.write-2WelcomeT This is the first time you are visiting this Web page.2.
else
response.cookies-2)umHisits2.Onumvisits[1
response.write-2Jou have visited this 2.
response.write-2Web page 2 Y numvisits.
if numvisitsO1 then
response.write 2 time beforeT2
else
response.write 2 times beforeT2
end if
end if
XS
RhtmlS
RbodyS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
WelcomeT This is the first time you are visiting this Web page.
What is a *oo>ie9
A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the server embeds
on the user/s computer. %ach time the same computer requests a page with a browser, it
will send the cookie too. With A#,, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.
(o to *reate a *oo>ie9
The 24esponse.0ookies2 command is used to create cookies.
1ote: The 4esponse.0ookies command must appear D%'(4% the RhtmlS tag.
$n the example below, we will create a cookie named 2firstname2 and assign the value
2Alex2 to it>
RX
4esponse.0ookies-2firstname2.O2Alex2
XS
$t is also possible to assign properties to a cookie, like setting a date when the cookie
should expire>
RX
4esponse.0ookies-2firstname2..%xpiresOV!ay 1C,*CC*V
XS
(o to 'etrie$e a *oo>ie Value9
The 24equest.0ookies2 command is used to retrieve a cookie value.
$n the example below, we retrieve the value of the cookie named 2firstname2 and display
it on a page>
RX
fnameO4equest.0ookies-2firstname2.
response.write-2'irstnameO2 Y fname.
XS
4ut!ut:
'irstnameOAlex
A *oo>ie ith 5e)s
$f a cookie contains a collection of multiple values, we say that the cookie has Leys.
$n the example below, we will create a cookie collection named 2user2. The 2user2 cookie
has Leys that contains information about a user>
RX
4esponse.0ookies-2user2.-2firstname2.O2Aohn2
4esponse.0ookies-2user2.-2lastname2.O2#mith2
4esponse.0ookies-2user2.-2country2.O2)orway2
4esponse.0ookies-2user2.-2age2.O2*72
XS
'ea% all *oo>ies
"ook at the following code>
RX
4esponse.0ookies-2user2.-2firstname2.O2Aohn2
4esponse.0ookies-2user2.-2lastname2.O2#mith2
4esponse.0ookies-2user2.-2country2.O2)orway2
4esponse.0ookies-2user2.-2age2.O2*72
XS
Assume that your server has sent all the cookies above to a user.
)ow we want to read all the cookies sent to a user. The example below shows how to do
it -note that the code below checks if a cookie has Leys with the asLeys property.>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
dim x,y
for each x in 4equest.0ookies
response.write-2RpS2.
if 4equest.0ookies-x..asLeys then
for each y in 4equest.0ookies-x.
response.write-x Y 2>2 Y y Y 2O2 Y 4equest.0ookies-x.-y..
response.write-2Rbr 8S2.
next
else
4esponse.Write-x Y 2O2 Y 4equest.0ookies-x. Y 2Rbr 8S2.
end if
response.write 2R8pS2
next
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut:
firstnameOAlex
user>firstnameOAohn
user>lastnameO#mith
user>countryO)orway
user>ageO*7
ASP Session 4b7ect
The Session ob7ect is use% to store information aboutH or change settings for a user
session# Variables store% in the Session ob7ect hol% information about one single
userH an% are a$ailable to all !ages in one a!!lication#
The #ession ob5ect
When you are working with an application, you open it, do some changes and then you
close it. This is much like a #ession. The computer knows who you are. $t knows when
you start the application and when you end. Dut on the internet there is one problem> the
web server does not know who you are and what you do because the TT, address
doesn/t maintain state.
A#, solves this problem by creating a unique cookie for each user. The cookie is sent to
the client and it contains information that identifies the user. This interface is called the
#ession ob5ect.
The #ession ob5ect is used to store information about, or change settings for a user
session. Hariables stored in the #ession ob5ect hold information about one single user,
and are available to all pages in one application. 0ommon information stored in session
variables are name, id, and preferences. The server creates a new #ession ob5ect for each
new user, and destroys the #ession ob5ect when the session expires.
When %oes a Session Start9
A session starts when>
A new user requests an A#, file, and the @lobal.asa file includes a
#essionM(n#tart procedure
A value is stored in a #ession variable
A user requests an A#, file, and the @lobal.asa file uses the Rob5ectS tag to
instantiate an ob5ect with session scope
When %oes a Session &n%9
A session ends if a user has not requested or refreshed a page in the application for a
specified period. Dy default, this is *C minutes.
$f you want to set a timeout interval that is shorter or longer than the default, you can set
the Timeout property.
The example below sets a timeout interval of 7 minutes>
RX
#ession.TimeoutO7
XS
To end a session immediately, you may use the Aban%on method>
RX
#ession.Abandon
XS
1ote: The main problem with sessions is W%) they should end. We do not know if the
user/s last request was the final one or not. #o we do not know how long we should keep
the session 2alive2. Waiting too long for an idle session uses up resources on the server,
but if the session is deleted too soon the user has to start all over again because the server
has deleted all the information. 'inding the right timeout interval can be difficultT
Ti!: $f you are using session variables, store #!A"" amounts of data in them.
Store an% 'etrie$e Session Variables
The most important thing about the #ession ob5ect is that you can store variables in it.
The example below will set the #ession variable username to 2<onald <uck2 and the
#ession variable age to 27C2>
RX
#ession-2username2.O2<onald <uck2
#ession-2age2.O7C
XS
When the value is stored in a session variable it can be reached from A)J page in the
A#, application>
Welcome RX4esponse.Write-#ession-2username2..XS
The line above returns> 2Welcome <onald <uck2.
Jou can also store user preferences in the #ession ob5ect, and then access that preference
to choose what page to return to the user.
The example below specifies a text1only version of the page if the user has a low screen
resolution>
RX$f #ession-2screenres2.O2low2 ThenXS
This is the text version of the page
RX%lseXS
This is the multimedia version of the page
RX%nd $fXS
'emo$e Session Variables
The 0ontents collection contains all session variables.
$t is possible to remove a session variable with the 4emove method.
The example below removes the session variable 2sale2 if the value of the session
variable 2age2 is lower than 1B>
RX
$f #ession.0ontents-2age2.R1B then
#ession.0ontents.4emove-2sale2.
%nd $f
XS
To remove all variables in a session, use the 4emoveAll method>
RX
#ession.0ontents.4emoveAll-.
XS
Loo! Through the *ontents *ollection
The 0ontents collection contains all session variables. Jou can loop through the 0ontents
collection, to see what/s stored in it>
RX
#ession-2username2.O2<onald <uck2
#ession-2age2.O7C
dim i
'or %ach i in #ession.0ontents
4esponse.Write-i Y 2Rbr 8S2.
)ext
XS
4esult>
username
age
$f you do not know the number of items in the 0ontents collection, you can use the 0ount
property>
RX
dim i
dim 5
5O#ession.0ontents.0ount
4esponse.Write-2#ession variables> 2 Y 5.
'or iO1 to 5
4esponse.Write-#ession.0ontents-i. Y 2Rbr 8S2.
)ext
XS
4esult>
#ession variables> *
<onald <uck
7C
Loo! Through the Static4b7ects *ollection
Jou can loop through the #tatic(b5ects collection, to see the values of all ob5ects stored
in the #ession ob5ect>
RX
dim i
'or %ach i in #ession.#tatic(b5ects
4esponse.Write-i Y 2Rbr 8S2.
)ext
XS
ASP A!!lication 4b7ect
A grou! of ASP files that or> together to !erform some !ur!ose is calle% an
a!!lication# The A!!lication ob7ect in ASP is use% to tie these files together#
A!!lication 4b7ect
An application on the Web may be a group of A#, files. The A#, files work together to
perform some purpose. The Application ob5ect in A#, is used to tie these files together.
The Application ob5ect is used to store and access variables from any page, 5ust like the
#ession ob5ect. The difference is that A"" users share one Application ob5ect, while with
#essions there is one #ession ob5ect for %A0 user.
The Application ob5ect should hold information that will be used by many pages in the
application -like database connection information.. This means that you can access the
information from any page. $t also means that you can change the information in one
place and the changes will automatically be reflected on all pages.
Store an% 'etrie$e A!!lication Variables
Application variables can be accessed and changed by any page in the application.
Jou can create Application variables in 2@lobal.asa2 like this>
Rscript languageO2vbscript2 runatO2server2S
#ub ApplicationM(n#tart
application-2vartime2.O22
application-2users2.O1
%nd #ub
R8scriptS
$n the example above we have created two Application variables> 2vartime2 and 2users2.
Jou can access the value of an Application variable like this>
There are
RX
4esponse.Write-Application-2users2..
XS
active connections.
A#, 4esponse (b5ect
The ASP 'es!onse ob7ect is use% to sen% out!ut to the user from the ser$er#
The A#, 4esponse ob5ect is used to send output to the user from the server. $t has
collections, properties, and methods.
!ethods like
Metho% Descri!tion
4edirect 4edirects the user to a different 34"
Write Writes a specified string to the output
ASP 'e+uest 4b7ect
The ASP 'e+uest ob7ect is use% to get information from the user#
When a browser asks for a page from a server, it is called a request. The A#, 4equest
ob5ect is used to get information from the user. $ts collections, properties, and methods
are described below>
Juer)String *ollection &3am!les
A#, #ource>
BhtmlC
Bbo%)C
Bform actionKE%emoLre++uer)#as!E metho%KEgetEC
Gour name: Bin!ut t)!eKEte3tE nameKEfnameE si2eKE<-E @C
Bin!ut t)!eKEsubmitE $alueKESubmitE @C
B@formC
BD
%im fname
fnameK'e+uest#Juer)String.EfnameE/
If fnameBCEE Then
'es!onse#Write.E(ello E M fname M EFBbr @CE/
'es!onse#Write.E(o are )ou to%a)9E/
&n% If
DC
B@bo%)C
B@htmlC
(utput 4esult>
Jour name>
Submit
A#, #ource
BhtmlC
Bbo%)C
Bform actionKE%emoLsim!lere++uer)#as!E metho%KEgetEC
0irst name: Bin!ut t)!eKEte3tE nameKEfnameECBbrC
Last name: Bin!ut t)!eKEte3tE nameKElnameECBbrC
Bin!ut t)!eKEsubmitE $alueKESubmitEC
B@formC
BD
'es!onse#Write.'e+uest#Juer)String/
DC
B@bo%)C
B@htmlC
(utput 4esult>
'irst name>
"ast name>
Submit
0orm *ollection &3am!les
This e3am!le %emonstrates ho the 'orm collection retrie$es the $alues from a
form# The form uses the P4ST metho%H hich means that the information sent is
in$isible to othersH an% it has no limits .)ou can sen% a large amount of information/#
BhtmlC
Bbo%)C
Bform actionKE%emoLsim!leform1#as!E metho%KE!ostEC
0irst name:
Bin!ut t)!eKEte3tE nameKEfnameE $alueKEDonal%E @C
Bbr @C
Last name:
Bin!ut t)!eKEte3tE nameKElnameE $alueKEDuc>E @C
Bbr @C
B@formC
BD
'es!onse#Write.'e+uest#0orm/
DC
B@bo%)C
B@htmlC
(utput 4esult>
'irst name>
"ast name>
Submit
fnameKDonal%MlnameKDuc>
This e3am!le %emonstrates ho to use the $alues retrie$e% from a form# We use
the 'orm collection# The form uses the !ost metho%#
A#, #ource>
BhtmlC
Bbo%)C
Bform actionKE%emoLsim!leform#as!E metho%KE!ostEC
Gour name: Bin!ut t)!eKEte3tE nameKEfnameE si2eKE<-E @C
B@formC
BD
%im fname
fnameK'e+uest#0orm.EfnameE/
If fnameBCEE Then
'es!onse#Write.E(ello E M fname M EFBbr @CE/
'es!onse#Write.E(o are )ou to%a)9E/
&n% If
DC
B@bo%)C
B@htmlC
(utput 4esult>
Jour name>
Submit
*ollections
*ollection Descri!tion
0ontents 0ontains all the items appended to the application through a
script command
#tatic(b5ects 0ontains all the ob5ects appended to the application with the
T!" Rob5ectS tag
Metho%s
Metho% Descri!tion
0ontents.4emove <eletes an item from the 0ontents collection
0ontents.4emoveAll-. <eletes all items from the 0ontents collection
"ock ,revents other users from modifying the variables in the
Application ob5ect
3nlock %nables other users to modify the variables in the Application
ob5ect -after it has been locked using the "ock method.
&$ents
&$ent Descri!tion
ApplicationM(n%nd (ccurs when all user sessions are over, and the application
ends
ApplicationM(n#tart (ccurs before the first new session is created -when the
Application ob5ect is first referenced.
ASP A!!licationL4nStart an% A!!licationL4n&n% &$ents
A!!licationL4nStart &$ent
The ApplicationM(n#tart event occurs before the first new session is created -when the
Application ob5ect is first referenced..
This event is placed in the @lobal.asa file.
1ote: 4eferencing to a #ession, 4equest, or 4esponse ob5ects in the ApplicationM(n#tart
event script will cause an error.
A!!licationL4n&n% &$ent
The ApplicationM(n%nd event occurs when the application ends -when the web server
stops..
1ote: The !ap,ath method cannot be used in the ApplicationM(n%nd code.
S)nta3
. . .
%nd #ub
#ub ApplicationM(n%nd
. . .
%nd #ub
R8scriptS
&3am!les
@lobal.asa>
#ub ApplicationM(n%nd-.
Application-2totvisitors2.OApplication-2visitors2.
%nd #ub
Application-2visitors2.OC
%nd #ub
#ub #essionM(n#tart
Application."ock
Application-2visitors2.OApplication-2visitors2.[1
Application.3n"ock
%nd #ub
#ub #essionM(n%nd
Application."ock
Application-2visitors2.OApplication-2visitors2.11
Application.3n"ock
%nd #ub
R8scriptS
To display the number of current visitors in an A#, file>
RhtmlS
RheadS
R8headS
RbodyS
RpS
There are RXresponse.write-Application-2visitors2..XS
online nowT
R8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
ASP Session 4b7ect
The Session ob7ect is use% to store information aboutH or change settings for a user
session# Variables store% in the Session ob7ect hol% information about one single
userH an% are a$ailable to all !ages in one a!!lication#
Session 4b7ect
When you are working with an application, you open it, do some changes and then you
close it. This is much like a #ession. The computer knows who you are. $t knows when
you start the application and when you end. Dut on the internet there is one problem> the
web server does not know who you are and what you do because the TT, address
doesn/t maintain state.
A#, solves this problem by creating a unique cookie for each user. The cookie is sent to
the client and it contains information that identifies the user. This interface is called the
#ession ob5ect.
The #ession ob5ect is used to store information about, or change settings for a user
session. Hariables stored in the #ession ob5ect hold information about one single user,
and are available to all pages in one application. 0ommon information stored in session
variables are name, id, and preferences. The server creates a new #ession ob5ect for each
new user, and destroys the #ession ob5ect when the session expires.
The #ession ob5ect/s collections, properties, methods, and events are described below>
*ollections
*ollection Descri!tion
0ontents 0ontains all the items appended to the session through a
script command
#tatic(b5ects 0ontains all the ob5ects appended to the session with the
T!" Rob5ectS tag
Pro!erties
Pro!ert) Descri!tion
0ode,age #pecifies the character set that will be used when displaying
dynamic content
"0$< #ets or returns an integer that specifies a location or region.
0ontents like date, time, and currency will be displayed
according to that location or region
#ession$< 4eturns a unique id for each user. The unique id is generated
by the server
Timeout #ets or returns the timeout period -in minutes. for the #ession
ob5ect in this application
Metho%s
Metho% Descri!tion
Abandon <estroys a user session
0ontents.4emove <eletes an item from the 0ontents collection
0ontents.4emoveAll-. <eletes all items from the 0ontents collection
&$ents
&$ent Descri!tion
#essionM(n%nd (ccurs when a session ends
#essionM(n#tart (ccurs when a session starts
ASP SessionL4nStart an% SessionL4n&n% &$ents
SessionL4nStart &$ent
The #essionM(n#tart event occurs when the server creates a session.
SessionL4n&n% &$ent
The #essionM(n%nd event occurs when the session ends -abandoned or times out..
1ote: The !ap,ath method cannot be used in the #essionM(n%nd code.
S)nta3
#ub #essionM(n#tart
. . .
%nd #ub
#ub #essionM(n%nd
. . .
%nd #ub
R8scriptS
&3am!les
@lobal.asa>
#ub ApplicationM(n%nd-.
Application-2totvisitors2.OApplication-2visitors2.
%nd #ub
Application-2visitors2.OC
%nd #ub
#ub #essionM(n#tart
Application."ock
Application-2visitors2.OApplication-2visitors2.[1
Application.3n"ock
%nd #ub
#ub #essionM(n%nd
Application."ock
Application-2visitors2.OApplication-2visitors2.11
Application.3n"ock
%nd #ub
R8scriptS
To display the number of current visitors in an A#, file>
RhtmlS
RheadS
R8headS
RbodyS
RpS
There are RXresponse.write-Application-2visitors2..XS
online nowT
R8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
ASP Ser$er 4b7ect
The ASP Ser$er ob7ect is use% to access !ro!erties an% metho%s on the ser$er#
Ser$er 4b7ect
The A#, #erver ob5ect is used to access properties and methods on the server. $ts
properties and methods are described below>
Pro!erties
Pro!ert) Descri!tion
#criptTimeout #ets or returns the maximum number of seconds a script can run
before it is terminated
Metho%s
Metho% Descri!tion
0reate(b5ect 0reates an instance of an ob5ect
%xecute %xecutes an A#, file from inside another A#, file
@et"ast%rror-. 4eturns an A#,%rror ob5ect that describes the error condition that
occurred
ASP ASP&rror 4b7ect
The A#,%rror ob5ect is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs in
scripts in an A#, page.
The ASP&rror 4b7ect
The A#,%rror ob5ect was implemented in A#, 9.C and is available in $$#7 and later.
The A#,%rror ob5ect is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs in
scripts in an A#, page. The A#,%rror ob5ect is created when #erver.@et"ast%rror is
called, so the error information can only be accessed by using the #erver.@et"ast%rror
method.
ASP 0ileS)stem4b7ect 4b7ect
The 0ileS)stem4b7ect ob7ect is use% to access the file s)stem on the ser$er#
The 0ileS)stem4b7ect 4b7ect
The 'ile#ystem(b5ect ob5ect is used to access the file system on the server. This ob5ect
can manipulate files, folders, and directory paths. $t is also possible to retrieve file system
information with this ob5ect.
The following code creates a text file -c>Itest.txt. and then writes some text to the file>
RX
dim fs,fname
set fsO#erver.0reate(b5ect-2#cripting.'ile#ystem(b5ect2.
set fnameOfs.0reateText'ile-2c>Itest.txt2,true.
fname.Write"ine-2ello WorldT2.
fname.0lose
set fnameOnothing
set fsOnothing
XS
Acti$eN Data 4b7ectsH Accessing a Database from Acti$e Ser$er Page#
AD4 can be use% to access %atabases from )our eb !ages#
Accessing a Database from an ASP Page
The common way to access a database from inside an A#, page is to>
1. 0reate an A<( connection to a database
*. (pen the database connection
9. 0reate an A<( recordset
6. (pen the recordset
7. %xtract the data you need from the recordset
:. 0lose the recordset
=. 0lose the connection
What is AD49
A<( is a !icrosoft technology
A<( stands for Active+ Data 4b5ects
A<( is a !icrosoft Active1+ component
A<( is automatically installed with !icrosoft $$#
A<( is a programming interface to access data in a database
AD4 Database *onnection
Before a %atabase can be accesse% from a eb !ageH a %atabase connection has to be
establishe%#
*reate a DS1-less Database *onnection
The easiest way to connect to a database is to use a <#)1less connection. A <#)1less
connection can be used against any !icrosoft Access database on your web site.
$f you have a database called 2northwind.mdb2 located in a web directory like
2c>8webdata82, you can connect to the database with the following A#, code>
RX
set connO#erver.0reate(b5ect-2A<(<D.0onnection2.
conn.,roviderO2!icrosoft.Aet.("%<D.6.C2
conn.(pen 2c>8webdata8northwind.mdb2
XS
)ote, from the example above, that you have to specify the !icrosoft Access database
driver -,rovider. and the physical path to the database on your computer.
*reate an 4DB* Database *onnection
$f you have an (<D0 database called 2northwind2 you can connect to the database with
the following A#, code>
RX
conn.(pen 2northwind2
XS
With an (<D0 connection, you can connect to any database, on any computer in your
network, as long as an (<D0 connection is available.
An 4DB* *onnection to an MS Access Database
ere is how to create a connection to a !# Access <atabase>
1. (pen the 4DB* icon in your 0ontrol ,anel.
*. 0hoose the S)stem DS1 tab.
9. 0lick on A%% in the #ystem <#) tab.
6. Select the !icrosoft Access <river. 0lick 0inish#
7. $n the next screen, click Select to locate the database.
:. @ive the database a Data Source 1ame -<#)..
=. 0lick 45.
)ote that this configuration has to be done on the computer where your web site is
located. $f you are running ,ersonal Web #erver -,W#. or $nternet $nformation #erver
-$$#. on your own computer, the instructions above will work, but if your web site is
located on a remote server, you have to have physical access to that server, or ask your
web host to do this for you.
The AD4 *onnection 4b7ect
The A<( 0onnection ob5ect is used to create an open connection to a data
source. Through this connection, you can access and manipulate a database.
*onnection 4b7ect
The A<( 0onnection (b5ect is used to create an open connection to a data
source. Through this connection, you can access and manipulate a database.
$f you want to access a database multiple times, you should establish a connection using
the 0onnection ob5ect. Jou can also make a connection to a database by passing a
connection string via a 0ommand or 4ecordset ob5ect. owever, this type of connection
is only good for one specific, single query.
ProgID
set ob50onnectionO#erver.0reate(b5ect-2A<(<D.connection2.
AD4 'ecor%set
To be able to rea% %atabase %ataH the %ata must first be loa%e% into a recor%set#
*reate an AD4 Table 'ecor%set
After an A<( <atabase 0onnection has been created, as demonstrated in the previous
chapter, it is possible to create an A<( 4ecordset.
#uppose we have a database named 2)orthwind2, we can get access to the 20ustomers2
table inside the database with the following lines>
RX
set rsO#erver.0reate(b5ect-2A<(<D.recordset2.
rs.(pen 20ustomers2, conn
XS
*reate an AD4 SJL 'ecor%set
We can also get access to the data in the 20ustomers2 table using #Z">
RX
rs.(pen 2#elect W from 0ustomers2, conn
XS
&3tract Data from the 'ecor%set
After a recordset is opened, we can extract data from recordset.
#uppose we have a database named 2)orthwind2, we can get access to the 20ustomers2
table inside the database with the following lines>
RX
rs.(pen 2#elect W from 0ustomers2, conn
for each x in rs.fields
response.write-x.name.
response.write-2 O 2.
response.write-x.value.
next
XS
The AD4 'ecor%set 4b7ect
The A<( 4ecordset ob5ect is used to hold a set of records from a database table.
AD4 Dis!la)
The most common a) to %is!la) %ata from a recor%setH is to %is!la) the %ata in an
(TML table#
Dis!la) the 0iel% 1ames an% 0iel% Values
We have a database named 2)orthwind2 and we want to display the data from the
20ustomers2 table -remember to save the file with an .asp extension.>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
set rs O #erver.0reate(b5ect-2A<(<D.recordset2.
rs.(pen 2#%"%0T W '4(! 0ustomers2, conn
do until rs.%('
for each x in rs.'ields
4esponse.Write-x.name.
4esponse.Write-2 O 2.
4esponse.Write-x.value Y 2Rbr 8S2.
next
4esponse.Write-2Rbr 8S2.
rs.!ove)ext
loop
rs.close
conn.close
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
ere is the result>
0ustomer$< O A"'L$
0ompany)ame O Alfreds 'utterkiste
0ontact)ame O !aria Anders
0ontactTitle O #ales 4epresentative
Address O (bere #tr. 7=
0ity O Derlin
,ostal0ode O 1**C\
0ountry O @ermany
0ustomer$< O D%4@#
0ompany)ame O Derglunds snabbk]p
0ontact)ame O 0hristina Derglund
0ontactTitle O (rder Administrator
Address O Derguvsv^gen B
0ity O "ule_
,ostal0ode O #1\7B **
0ountry O #weden
0ustomer$< O 0%)T0
0ompany)ame O 0entro comercial !octe&uma
0ontact)ame O 'rancisco 0hang
0ontactTitle O !arketing !anager
Address O #ierras de @ranada \\\9
0ity O !`xico <.'.
,ostal0ode O C7C**
0ountry O !exico
....
....
....
Dis!la) the 0iel% 1ames an% 0iel% Values in an (TML Table
We can also display the data from the 20ustomers2 table inside an T!" table with the
following lines -remember to save the file with an .asp extension.>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
rs.(pen 2#%"%0T 0ompanyname, 0ontactname '4(! 0ustomers2, conn
XS
Rtable borderO212 widthO21CCX2S
RXdo until rs.%('XS
RtrS
RXfor each x in rs.'ieldsXS
RtdSRX4esponse.Write-x.value.XSR8tdS
RXnext
rs.!ove)extXS
R8trS
RXloop
rs.close
conn.close
XS
R8tableS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
ere is the result>
Alfreds 'utterkiste !aria Anders
Derglunds snabbk]p 0hristina Derglund
0entro comercial !octe&uma 'rancisco 0hang
A%% (ea%ers to the (TML Table
We want to add headers to the T!" table to make it more readable -remember to save
the file with an .asp extension.>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
sqlO2#%"%0T 0ompanyname, 0ontactname '4(! 0ustomers2
rs.(pen sql, conn
XS
RtrS
RXfor each x in rs.'ields
response.write-2RthS2 Y x.name Y 2R8thS2.
nextXS
R8trS
RXdo until rs.%('XS
RtrS
RXnext
rs.!ove)extXS
R8trS
RXloop
rs.close
conn.close
XS
R8tableS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
ere is the result>
*om!an)name *ontactname
Derglunds snabbk]p 0hristina Derglund
0entro comercial !octe&uma 'rancisco 0hang
AD4 Jueries
We ma) use SJL to create +ueries to s!ecif) onl) a selecte% set of recor%s an% fiel%s
to $ie#
Dis!la) Selecte% Data
We want to display only the records from the 20ustomers2 table that have a
20ompanyname2 that starts with an A -remember to save the file with an .asp extension.>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
sqlO2#%"%0T 0ompanyname, 0ontactname '4(! 0ustomers
W%4% 0ompany)ame "$L% /AX/2
rs.(pen sql, conn
XS
RtrS
nextXS
R8trS
RXdo until rs.%('XS
RtrS
RXnext
rs.!ove)extXS
R8trS
RXloop
rs.close
conn.closeXS
R8tableS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
ere is the result>
<isplay records where 20ompanyname2 starts with an A
ow to display only the records from the 20ustomers2 table that have a 20ompanyname2
that starts with an A.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
conn.(pen-#erver.!appath-28db8northwind.mdb2..
sqlO2#%"%0T 0ompanyname, 0ontactname '4(! 0ustomers W%4% 0ompany)ame
"$L% /AX/2
rs.(pen sql, conn
XS
RtrS
nextXS
R8trS
RXdo until rs.%('XS
RtrS
RXnext
rs.!ove)extXS
R8trS
RXloop
rs.close
conn.close
XS
R8tableS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
"et the user choose filter
"et the user choose which country to show customers from.
ASP Source:
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
conn.(pen-#erver.!appath-28db8northwind.mdb2..
sqlO2#%"%0T <$#T$)0T 0ountry '4(! 0ustomers (4<%4 DJ 0ountry2
rs.(pen sql,conn
countryOrequest.form-2country2.
XS
Rform methodO2post2S
0hoose 0ountry Rselect nameO2country2S
RX do until rs.%('
response.write-2Roption2.
if rs.fields-2country2.Ocountry then
response.write-2 selected2.
end if
response.write-2S2.
response.write-rs.fields-20ountry2..
rs.!ove)ext
loop
rs.0lose
set rsO)othing XS
R8selectS
Rinput typeO2submit2 valueO2#how customers2S
R8formS
RX
if countryRS22 then
sqlO2#%"%0T 0ompanyname,0ontactname,0ountry '4(! 0ustomers W%4%
countryO/2 Y country Y 2/2
set rsO#erver.0reate(b5ect-2A<(<D.4ecordset2.
rs.(pen sql,conn
XS
Rtable widthO21CCX2 cellspacingO2C2 cellpaddingO2*2 borderO212S
RtrS
RthS0ompanynameR8thS
RthS0ontactnameR8thS
RthS0ountryR8thS
R8trS
RX
do until rs.%('
response.write-2RtrS2.
response.write-2RtdS2 Y rs.fields-2companyname2. Y 2R8tdS2.
response.write-2RtdS2 Y rs.fields-2contactname2. Y 2R8tdS2.
response.write-2RtdS2 Y rs.fields-2country2. Y 2R8tdS2.
response.write-2R8trS2.
rs.!ove)ext
loop
rs.close
conn.0lose
set rsO)othing
set connO)othingXS
R8tableS
RX end if XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
4ut!ut 'esult:
0hoose 0ountry
Show customers
D4 A%% 'ecor%s
We ma) use the SJL I1S&'T I1T4 comman% to a%% a recor% to a table in a
%atabase#
A%% a 'ecor% to a Table in a Database
We want to add a new record to the 0ustomers table in the )orthwind database. We first
create a form that contains the fields we want to collect data from>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
Rform methodO2post2 actionO2demoMadd.asp2S
RtableS
RtrS
RtdS0ustomer$<>R8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2custid2SR8tdS
R8trSRtrS
RtdS0ompany )ame>R8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2compname2SR8tdS
R8trSRtrS
RtdS0ontact )ame>R8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2contname2SR8tdS
R8trSRtrS
RtdSAddress>R8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2address2SR8tdS
R8trSRtrS
RtdS0ity>R8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2city2SR8tdS
R8trSRtrS
RtdS,ostal 0ode>R8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2postcode2SR8tdS
R8trSRtrS
RtdS0ountry>R8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2country2SR8tdS
R8trS
R8tableS
Rbr 8SRbr 8S
Rinput typeO2submit2 valueO2Add )ew2S
Rinput typeO2reset2 valueO20ancel2S
R8formS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
When the user presses the submit button the form is sent to a file called 2demoMadd.asp2.
The 2demoMadd.asp2 file contains the code that will add a new record to the 0ustomers
table>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
sqlO2$)#%4T $)T( customers -customer$<,companyname,2
sqlOsql Y 2contactname,address,city,postalcode,country.2
sqlOsql Y 2 HA"3%# 2
sqlOsql Y 2-/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2custid2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2compname2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2contname2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2address2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2city2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2postcode2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2country2. Y 2/.2
on error resume next
conn.%xecute sql,recaffected
if errRSC then
4esponse.Write-2)o update permissionsT2.
else
4esponse.Write-2Rh9S2 Y recaffected Y 2 record addedR8h9S2.
end if
conn.close
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
Im!ortant
$f you use the #Z" $)#%4T command be aware of the following>
$f the table contains a primary key, make sure to append a unique, non1)ull value
to the primary key field -if not, the provider may not append the record, or an
error occurs.
$f the table contains an Auto)umber field, do not include this field in the #Z"
$)#%4T command -the value of this field will be taken care of automatically by
the provider.
What about 0iel%s With no Data9
$n a !# Access database, you can enter &ero1length strings -22. in Text, yperlink, and
!emo fields $' you set the Allowaero"ength property to Jes.
1ote: )ot all databases support &ero1length strings and may cause an error when a record
with blank fields is added. $t is important to check what data types your database
supports.
AD4 I!%ate 'ecor%s
We ma) use the SJL IPDAT& comman% to u!%ate a recor% in a table in a
%atabase#
I!%ate a 'ecor% in a Table
We want to update a record in the 0ustomers table in the )orthwind database. We first
create a table that lists all records in the 0ustomers table>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
rs.open 2#%"%0T W '4(! customers2,conn
XS
Rh*S"ist <atabaseR8h*S
RtrS
RX
response.write-2RthS2 Y ucase-x.name. Y 2R8thS2.
next
XS
R8trS
RX do until rs.%(' XS
RtrS
Rform methodO2post2 actionO2demoMupdate.asp2S
RX
if lcase-x.name.O2customerid2 thenXS
RtdS
Rinput typeO2submit2 nameO2customer$<2 valueO2RXOx.valueXS2S
R8tdS
RXelseXS
RXend if
next
XS
R8formS
RXrs.!ove)extXS
R8trS
RX
loop
conn.close
XS
R8tableS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
$f the user clicks on the button in the 2customer$<2 column he or she will be taken to a
new file called 2demoMupdate.asp2. The 2demoMupdate.asp2 file contains the source code
on how to create input fields based on the fields from one record in the database table. $t
also contains a 23pdate record2 button that will save your changes>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
Rh*S3pdate 4ecordR8h*S
RX
cidO4equest.'orm-2customer$<2.
if 4equest.form-2companyname2.O22 then
rs.open 2#%"%0T W '4(! customers W%4% customer$<O/2 Y cid Y 2/2,conn
XS
Rform methodO2post2 actionO2demoMupdate.asp2S
RtableS
RtrS
RtdSRXOx.nameXSR8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2RXOx.nameXS2 valueO2RXOx.valueXS2SR8tdS
RXnextXS
R8trS
R8tableS
Rbr 8SRbr 8S
Rinput typeO2submit2 valueO23pdate record2S
R8formS
RX
else
sqlO23,<AT% customers #%T 2
sqlOsql Y 2companynameO/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2companyname2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2contactnameO/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2contactname2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2addressO/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2address2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2cityO/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2city2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2postalcodeO/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2postalcode2. Y 2/,2
sqlOsql Y 2countryO/2 Y 4equest.'orm-2country2. Y 2/2
sqlOsql Y 2 W%4% customer$<O/2 Y cid Y 2/2
conn.%xecute sql
if errRSC then
response.write-2)o update permissionsT2.
else
response.write-24ecord 2 Y cid Y 2 was updatedT2.
end if
end if
conn.close
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
AD4 Delete 'ecor%s
We ma) use the SJL D&L&T& comman% to %elete a recor% in a table in a
%atabase#
Delete a 'ecor% in a Table
We want to delete a record in the 0ustomers table in the )orthwind database. We first
create a table that lists all records in the 0ustomers table>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
RX
rs.open 2#%"%0T W '4(! customers2,conn
XS
Rh*S"ist <atabaseR8h*S
RtrS
RX
next
XS
R8trS
RX do until rs.%(' XS
RtrS
Rform methodO2post2 actionO2demoMdelete.asp2S
RX
if x.nameO2customer$<2 thenXS
RtdS
Rinput typeO2submit2 nameO2customer$<2 valueO2RXOx.valueXS2S
R8tdS
RXelseXS
RXend if
next
XS
R8formS
RXrs.!ove)extXS
R8trS
RX
loop
conn.close
XS
R8tableS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
$f the user clicks on the button in the 2customer$<2 column he or she will be taken to a
new file called 2demoMdelete.asp2. The 2demoMdelete.asp2 file contains the source code
on how to create input fields based on the fields from one record in the database table. $t
also contains a 2<elete record2 button that will delete the current record>
RhtmlS
RbodyS
Rh*S<elete 4ecordR8h*S
RX
cidO4equest.'orm-2customer$<2.
if 4equest.form-2companyname2.O22 then
rs.open 2#%"%0T W '4(! customers W%4% customer$<O/2 Y cid Y 2/2,conn
XS
Rform methodO2post2 actionO2demoMdelete.asp2S
RtableS
RtrS
RtdSRinput nameO2RXOx.nameXS2 valueO2RXOx.valueXS2SR8tdS
RXnextXS
R8trS
R8tableS
Rbr 8SRbr 8S
Rinput typeO2submit2 valueO2<elete record2S
R8formS
RX
else
sqlO2<%"%T% '4(! customers2
sqlOsql Y 2 W%4% customer$<O/2 Y cid Y 2/2
conn.%xecute sql
if errRSC then
response.write-2)o update permissionsT2.
else
response.write-24ecord 2 Y cid Y 2 was deletedT2.
end if
end if
conn.close
XS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
ListH &%itH I!%ateH an% Delete Database 'ecor%s
"ist, edit, update, and delete database records
List Database Table
0lick on a button to modify a record.
14 01AM& L1AM& P(41& &MAIL (4M&PA;& DAT&ADD&D
16
Ter5e Deck
77 :: ==
\\
tert5eUsomewere.com www.ama&on.com
181B8*CC1
=>67>6= A!
17
Aan 4efsnes :: == BB 5aniUw9schools.com http>8www.w9schools.com
=8118*CCC
1>C1>7: ,!
39
Torleif 4asmussen == BB \\ )8A )8A
68*:8*CCC
9>6:>61 A!
46
anton chek B9B99 apaUkabar.com www.yahoo.com
68*78*CCC
=>1=>67 A!
48
stale refsnes
7771
1**96
refsnesUhotmail.com http>88www.w9schools.com
78918*CCC
11>16>99 A!
52
hari prawin
\B61C1
\7B\=
hariUhari.com www.hari.com
181B8*CC1
=>6=>7B A!
53
ege 4efsnes )8A hegeUsomewhere.com )8A
98**8*CC1
1>97>C1 ,!
Hiew source on how to list a database table in an T!" table
RXoption explicitXS
RhtmlS
RheadSRtitleSA<( 1 "ist <atabase 4ecordsR8titleSR8headS
RbodyS
RX
dim conn,rs,x
conn.providerO2!icrosoft.Aet.("%<D.6.C2
conn.open-server.mappath-28db8database.mdb2..
rs.open 2#%"%0T W '4(! tbl@uestDook2,conn
XS
Rh*S"ist <atabase TableR8h*S
RpS0lick on a button to modify a record.R8pS
Rtr bgcolorO2VbCc6de2S
RX
next
XS
R8trS
RXdo until rs.%('XS
Rtr bgcolorO2VfCfCfC2S
Rform methodO2post2 actionO2demoMdbMedit.asp2 targetO2Mblank2S
RX
if x.nameO2no2 thenXS
RtdSRinput typeO2submit2 nameO2no2 valueO2RXOx.valueXS2SR8tdS
RXelseXS
RtdSRX4esponse.Write-x.value.XS R8tdS
RXend if
next
XS
R8formS
RXrs.!ove)extXS
R8trS
RX
loop
rs.close
set rsOnothing
conn.close
set connOnothing
XS
R8tableS
RpSRa hrefO2showcode.aspKsourceOdemoMdbMlist.asp2SHiew source on how to list a
database table in an T!" tableR8aSR8pS
RpSRbS)ote>R8bS $f you click on a button in the 2no2 column a new page will open. (n
the new page you may look at the source on how to create input fields based on the fields
from one record in the database table.R8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
&%it Database Table
fname
lname
phone
email
homepage
Save Delete
Hiew source on how to create input fields based on the fields from one record in the
database table.
1ote: $f you click on 2#ave2 or 2<elete2 a new page will open. (n the new page you may
look at the source on how to submit changes to, or delete from a database table.
RX
noO4equest.'orm-2no2.
if noO22 then response.end
conn.providerO2!icrosoft.Aet.("%<D.6.C2
conn.open-server.mappath-28db8database.mdb2..
set rs O #erver.0reate(b5ect-2A<(<D.4ecordset2.
rs.(pen 2#elect W from tbl@uestDook where tbl@uestDook.EnoFO2 Y no , conn
XS
RhtmlS
RheadS
RtitleSA<( 1 %dit <ataDase 4ecordR8titleS
R8headS
RbodyS
Rh*S%dit <atabase TableR8h*S
Rform methodO2post2 actionO2demoMdbMsubmit.asp2 targetO2Mblank2S
Rinput nameO2no2 typeO2hidden2 valueORXOnoXSS
Rtable bgcolorO2VbCc6de2S
RX
if x.name RS 2no2 and x.name RS 2dateadded2 thenXS
RtrS
RtdSRXOx.nameXS R8tdS
RtdSRinput nameO2RXOx.nameXS2 valueO2RXOx.valueXS2 si&eO2*C2SR8tdS
RXend if
next
rs.close
conn.close
XS
R8trS
R8tableS
Rbr 8S
Rinput typeO2submit2 nameO2action2 valueO2#ave2S
Rinput typeO2submit2 nameO2action2 valueO2<elete2S
R8formS
RpSRa hrefO2showcode.aspKsourceOdemoMdbMedit.asp2SHiew source on how to create
input fields based on the fields from one record in the database tableR8aS.R8pS
RpSRbS)ote>R8bS $f you click on 2#ave2 or 2<elete2 a new page will open. (n the new
page you may look at the source on how to submit changes to, or delete from a database
table.R8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
A%% a 1e 'ecor% to a Database
Adding a 9ecord
'name
"name
,hone
%mail
homepage
Add Record
Hiew source on how to create input fields based on the fields in the database table.
1ote: $f you click on 2Add 4ecord2 a new page will open. (n the new page you may
look at the source on how to add a record to a database table. RhtmlS
RheadS
RtitleSA<( 1 Add <ataDase 4ecordR8titleS
R8headS
RbodyS
RX
conn.(pen-#erver.mappath-28db8database.mdb2..
set rs O #erver.0reate(b5ect-2A<(<D.4ecordset2.
rs.(pen 2select W from tbl@uestDook2, conn
XS
Rh*SAdding a 4ecordR8h*S
Rform methodO2post2 actionO2demoMdbMnew.asp2 targetO2Mblank2S
Rtable bgcolorO2VbCc6de2S
RX
if x.name RS 2no2 and x.name RS 2dateadded2 thenXS
RtrS
RtdSRinput nameO2RXOx.nameXS2 valueO2)8A2 si&eO2*C2SR8tdS
RX
end if
next
rs.close
conn.close
XS
R8trSR8tableS
Rbr 8S
Rinput typeO2submit2 nameO2action2 valueO2Add 4ecord2S
R8formS
RpSRa hrefO2showcode.aspKsourceOdemoMdbMadd.asp2SHiew source on how to create
input fields based on the fields in the database tableR8aS.R8pS
RpSRbS)ote>R8bS $f you click on 2Add 4ecord2 a new page will open. (n the new page
you may look at the source on how to add a record to a database table.R8pS
R8bodyS
R8htmlS
Lecture <A-"?
Introducing Visual InterDev and te World Wide Web
$isual Inter%ev, the long"awaited -eb application development tool
from +icrosoft, is finally here. +any developers are applauding its
features and the application development needs that it addresses.
%evelopers now have a tool similar to other application development
tools li'e $isual :asic and $isual ;<< that they can use to create their
-eb applications. 4o more downloading the latest beta copy of a
single"focused tool from the -eb. ,ou now have a tool that integrates
many of the popular components and technologies.
%uring the first day, the conte)t for $isual Inter%ev will be set, and
you(ll be introduce to some of the latest developments concerning the
Internet and the ---. ,ou will learn about the importance of the
Internet. ,ou also will learn about the rising number of intranets, or
private internets, that are growing within many companies. ,ou will
see how the --- has become ubi8uitous and the implications that it
has for individuals and businesses. In discussing the ---, you will
discover the differences between static and dynamic web pages and
what you should focus on for the future. ,ou will then be introduced to
the reasons for having an application development tool for the -eb.
*inally, you will get a glimpse of $isual Inter%ev.
The Im!ortance of the Internet
,ou obviously reali=e the importance of the Internet or you wouldn(t
be reading this boo'. The Internet and the -orld -ide -eb are
everywhere. ,ou can(t read the newspaper or watch television without
seeing some 'ind of reference to the Internet. ;yberspace and the
Information #uperhighway have become common vocabulary for a
whole new audience. $irtually every television commercial and print ad
contains a reference li'e the following:
*or more information, visit us at our -eb site at www.whatever.com.
The Internet has come a long way since the old A9PA45T days.
7riginally designed for research use by the %epartment of %efense,
the Internet has become a haven for millions of people who have
e)perienced the value of communicating with people around the world.
Internet users have instant access to a plethora of 'nowledge
supported by this networ' of networ's.
+ost people point to >??> as the beginning of the Internet e)plosion.
In the late >?@2s, the academic community began to see the Internet
as a valuable tool. Professors and students at universities around the
world began using the Internet as a way to gain valuable research and
'nowledge about myriad sub&ects. #ervices such as electronic mail (e"
mail!, file transfer capability (ftp!, and newsgroup discussions all
contributed to the growth of the Internet audience. Then, in >??>, the
4ational #cience *oundation (4#*!, which was the ma&or funding
group for the Internet, dropped most of its financial support and
allowed commercial traffic onto the Internet. The door was now open
for all types of individuals and businesses to ta'e advantage of this
vital communication networ'.
-e are truly living in the Information Age, and the Internet has
become the primary means for e)panding our hori=ons. The Internet
has opened up any number of possibilities for applications by providing
a ready"made networ' for businesses to use. Arowth in the Internet
has also forced us to rethin' the way we approach life. A student in
;alifornia can communicate with his parents in *lorida via e"mail
instead of building up a hefty, long distance telephone bill. In fact, now
most families can conduct conversations over the Internet, thereby
s'irting the phone companies.
-ith the growth of the ---, businesses have been scrambling to
gain a presence on the Internet. In >??B, corporate spending on
Internet0intranet systems was C>. billion. This figure is e)pected to
grow to C.2@ billion by the year .222. %evelopers will play a huge role
in helping organi=ations and businesses understand the importance of
using the Internet from an application and communication standpoint.
The 'ise in Intranets
+any companies are reali=ing the benefits of the Internet from within
their companies. These organi=ations are creating intranets, which are
private, or internal, internets. These intranets have been established
initially as an internal communication tool. 5mployees can send e"mail
to other employees within the company. Intranets enable private and
sensitive corporate information to be distributed and shared within the
organi=ation. This new medium of communication has become a very
cost"effective solution, especially for geographically dispersed
businesses that have employees all over the world. The time to
communicate new policies, procedures, and information is immediately
reduced along with postage and paper costs.
An intranet also can be used for software distribution and for providing
access to vital applications. ;ompanies are now starting to put
applications li'e survey forms and employee benefit registration forms
on their intranets to simplify basic processes. :usinesses also are
starting to consider replacing or enhancing their mission"critical
applications (li'e accounting, sales order entry, oil and gas trading,
and so on! with applications that are secured within an intranet.
Intranets are usually protected and secured by means of a firewall that
prevents outside intruders from accessing the internal networ'. To the
user, there is no difference between accessing the Internet and the
company(s intranet. *igure >.> depicts a typical configuration for an
intranet.
!igure ".".
A high level view of an intranet.
#un +icrosystems is a perfect e)ample of how a company can save
real money in terms of printing, processing, and mailing costs through
the use of an intranet. #un has used the Internet to communicate
basic corporate information, such as organi=ation charts and
geographic office locations. 5mployees can access monthly updates
from their ;57 #cott +c4ealy which are presented in audio and video
formats. #un also provides information about its products by providing
an online product catalog and updates on new products. 5mployee
information regarding training, travel, and human resource policies is
placed on the intranet. #un even provides an Applications ;hest that
gives employees access to a variety of tools that enhance their
productivity.
Internet performance has become a huge topic of conversation. #ome
individuals have even discussed totally redesigning the Internet
infrastructure to support the growing number of users. -ithout
entering this debate, I would li'e to point out that intranets provide a
way to use the Internet while ta'ing more control over performance of
your applications. -ith an intranet, a company can use the Internet
architecture model while providing the internal infrastructure to
guarantee response time and security.
Intranet applications also are cost effective from an administration and
deployment standpoint. The browser serves as the universal client for
all des'tops. The server ma'es the des'top come alive by providing
information and database access. %eployment and administration costs
are reduced, because you don(t have to reinstall an updated
application on everyone(s des'tops as you do when creating
proprietary client"server applications. 5lectronic commerce is going to
drastically grow in the ne)t few years and with it will come a continued
rise in the use of intranets.
This section has described intranets as being internal to an
organi=ation or business. Private intranets that focus on providing a
reliable and secure infrastructure for groups of businesses also are
emerging. Technology companies are beginning to prepare for this
occurrence. +icrosoft formed an alliance with :ritish
Telecommunications and +;I to provide private data networ's for
global companies and their customers.
Private intranets offer the same reliability, security, and guaranteed
response time that a company(s internal intranet provides. The
difference between them is that a company(s reach e)tends beyond
the internal organi=ation to e)ternal entities. The use of private
intranets will continue to rise as application re8uirements e)ceed the
current capabilities of the Internet infrastructure.
The Ibi+uitous Web
The second e)plosion that propelled the Internet into national
prominence was the creation of the -orld -ide -eb. The -eb has
many origins, but most people point to the time period between >?@?"
>??> when the ;onseil 5uropean pour la 9echerche 4ucleaire (;594!
5uropean Daboratory for Particle Physics in Aeneva, #wit=erland,
developed its first specifications. Tim :erners"Dee, a researcher for
;594, developed the basic concepts of sharing information through
the use of a consistent, universal interface. +ar' Andreessen is
credited with developing the first browser (+osaic! for the -eb in
>??3. The use of a browser to view the Internet turned attention away
from the information stored on the server, focusing more on the user
e)perience through the client machine. The browser provided a
graphical, point"and"clic' interface for viewing -eb content that made
the Internet easier to access.
The -eb is the primary service responsible for bringing the Internet
into the homes of millions. The -eb is the most popular and useable
service. The hyperte)t lin's to a plethora of information allow the user
to e)perience a web of 'nowledge. The user can choose the learning
path instead of following a se8uential or linear pattern.
The most recent numbers estimate that more than EB million people
have visited the -eb at least once. -hen sports figures, music
celebrities, and news anchors are touting the -eb, you 'now it has
become ubi8uitous. The -eb provides an alternate delivery channel for
all types of information as well as graphically robust applications.
+a&or software vendors are totally revamping their products to ma'e
them Internet"enabled. :an's are having to rethin' their strategy of
targeting and servicing their customers by providing online ban'ing.
:usinesses are establishing a presence on the -eb to offer products
and services electronically. The -eb is everywhere, and we must learn
how to properly and constructively use its capabilities.
The first wave of -eb development involved information publishing.
9udimentary tools were provided to convert documents created with
common word processors to the HT+D format of the -eb. HT+D
editors also have provided a way to create original documents as well
as -eb pages and deploy them on the -eb. As stated, the Internet
and the -eb have saved a lot of money for companies in terms of
printing, processing, and mailing costs. The -eb has e)tended the
notion of te)tual documentation to provide graphical information as
well. Araphics, 3% images, audio, and video can truly enhance the
user(s e)perience on the -eb. ;ompanies li'e +acromedia and
9ealAudio have contributed to the multimedia e)perience by providing
enhanced and animated graphics and audio capability. The 5#P45T
#portsFone is one of the most popular sites on the -eb largely due to
the way the site employs multimedia. ,ou can download 5#P4
commercials both in audio and video format as well as listen to press
conferences and other sporting events. This site does owe some credit
to the popularity of 5#P4, but the people would not be visiting the site
if it didn(t provide a rich and rewarding e)perience.
The second wave of -eb development has been the creation of
functional applications. These applications e)tend the simple
registration forms commonly seen on -eb sites to become true
interactive applications that include database accessibility. These
applications can be classified as &ust another phase of client"server.
In ta'ing a loo' at the architecture of the -eb, many of the principles
have been carried over from client"server architectures. *igure >..
illustrates a typical client"server architecture.
!igure ".#.
A typical client-server architecture.
;lient"server is a style of computing where the client machine ma'es a
re8uest of a server machine. The re8uest is usually a re8uest for
information, as in a database re8uest, or for processing, such as
updating a database or running a batch process. The client machine
ma'es the re8uest, and the server machine fulfills this re8uest. The
benefit of client"server systems is that they ta'e advantage of the
strengths of each machine or platform. In a typical scenario, the client
handles some application logic and the presentation to the user while
the server provides the bac'"end processing and database functions.
In a typical -eb application, the browser serves as the universal client
that sends a re8uest for a web page, interprets the HT+D document,
and displays it to the user. The web server receives the re8uest
through the HyperTe)t Transport Protocol (HTTP! and returns the
re8uired information in HT+D format that the client can understand.
#imilar to client"server, you can distribute the application processing
and database management portions to varying degrees between the
client and the server machine. *igure >.3 depicts a typical -eb"based
architecture.
!igure ".$.
A typical Web-based architecture.
The main benefit to -eb"based applications over client"server is found
in the deployment. In a -eb"based scenario, you don(t have to deploy
a new e)ecutable on each person(s des'top with each new application
feature or update. The browser serves as the universal client,
providing access to the most current information on the server.
$ersion control, software distribution, and systems management costs
are significantly reduced for -eb"based applications.
A more in"depth discussion concerning how the web client and server
interact is warranted here. Historically, -eb applications have been
based on HT+D and common gateway interface (;AI! programs on the
server. The -eb browser interprets the HT+D tags and appropriately
formats the page for the user. A web page can be a combination of
formatted te)t, images and graphics, audio, and video. HT+D also
allows for the creation of basic forms that contain te)t fields, radio
buttons, chec'bo)es, push buttons, and listbo)es. These ob&ects are
discussed in more detail on %ay >., Gsing :asic and Advanced HT+D
*orm ;ontrols.
;AI programs have typically been used for processing re8uests on the
server and distributing information to the client machine. ;AI
programs, or scripts, are e)ecutable files that can be built using
languages such as G4I1 shell script, Perl, ;, and so on. As information
is updated on your database, the ;AI script can handle accessing the
data and passing the information bac' down to the client browser. The
advantage is that you don(t have to write new HT+D code for every
new document or database update. The ;AI server program provides
a reusable component that saves development time.
I mentioned the HTTP protocol earlier in this chapter. HTTP is the
protocol that allows the browser to connect to a web server. HTTP is a
stateless protocolH that is, the client and server don(t maintain a
persistent connection. The client ma'es a connection to the server and
sends a re8uest. The server receives the re8uest, processes it, then
terminates the connection. This process is repeated many times during
a user session. This 'ind of communication would be li'e having a
telephone conversation with a friend where you would say something,
hang up the telephone, then dial again to say something else. This
dialogue is very tedious. Interactive applications must have some way
to maintain state with the user machine in order to provide for the
needs of applications li'e sales order processing.
+icrosoft and 4etscape have led the charge to develop an effective
server process that supports a more interactive state with the client
machine. The creation of application programming interfaces, or APIs,
has opened up all 'inds of possibilities over the traditional use of ;AI
programs. There are several specific benefits to using APIs. *irst, APIs
are more efficient than ;AI programs. A ;AI program opens up a
process in memory for each client re8uest. APIs e)ecute processes in
the same memory address space, eliminating the overhead of separate
e)ecuting processes on one machine. :y using this model, APIs use
less memory for e)ecuting a process. Also, initiali=ation with the client
machine is performed once for all re8uests. Another benefit of APIs is
their ability to maintain state. API programs permit a persistent
connection between the client and server, which can be a huge benefit
when developing an application with moderate to intensive database
connectivity. Also, separate re8uests can share information about the
client, because the programs remain resident in memory.
The main disadvantage to APIs is that they(re proprietary in nature.
-hereas ;AI programs are server"independent, APIs are confined to
their respective web server platforms. Table >.> presents the most
common APIs and their supported server platforms.
Table 1#1# The most !o!ular APIsH their res!ecti$e $en%orsH an% su!!orte% ser$er
!latforms#
API Ven%or Ser$er Platform Su!!orte%
$#A,$ !icrosoft
!icrosoft $nternet $nformation #erver, ,rocess #oftware
,urveyor Web#erver
)#A,$ )etscape )etscape 0ommerce80ommunication #erver
W#A,$
(/4eilly Y
Associates
(/4eilly Y Associates Web#ite
To summari=e, the -eb has become popular for a variety of reasons.
The -eb provides graphically rich content on a variety of topics to
many users. The -eb also supports transaction"based services that
enable businesses and consumers to come together in an electronic
mar'et. 5)amples include ordering boo's, ma'ing airline reservations,
and trading stoc's. Dearning is also significantly enhanced by having
access to all 'inds of documents, white papers, and training materials.
4ame the sub&ect, and you can become an e)pert on it in no time at
all by accessing the -eb.
The Difference Beteen Static an% D)namic Web Pages
-eb"based applications have made the transition from solely
publishing information to creating an interactive session with the user.
#tatic web pages represent those pages that provide information that
is nicely formatted in standard HT+D. *or e)ample, a person might be
able to re8uest an employee benefit handboo' to become familiar with
the latest updates in benefits. #tatic pages are nice, but users want
something more.
%ynamic web pages are those pages that provide true user interaction.
In this model, users interact through the use of server"side programs
that provide for an enhanced e)perience. Instead of &ust reading about
the latest human resource benefits, employees can register and
update their benefits. %ynamic web pages support the building of true
interactive applications. 7nce you have read the published flight
schedules, you can ma'e airline reservations electronically over the
Internet. #toc' bro'erage houses can publish the hottest stoc' tips
and then enable you to capitali=e on the investment through online
stoc' trading. %ynamic web pages provide a world of new possibilities
over static pages.
I briefly discussed the use of ;AI and API programs in providing a
gateway between your client and server machine in a -eb"based
application. Here, I will focus on the ability to use client" and server"
side scripts to create dynamic HT+D web pages.
;lient"side script is usually associated with ob&ects on the HT+D page.
These ob&ects could be standard HT+D controls or Active1 controls.
;lient"side script is usually included to ma'e up for the limited
functionality of HT+D. The script is included in the HT+D page when it
is downloaded from the server to the client machine. The script code
e)ecutes on the client machine in response to user interaction and
program events. :y 'eeping the script in the HT+D page on the server,
a developer only has to ma'e changes to centrali=ed code located on
the server. The browser downloads the revised web page simplifying
the software distribution process. The goal in this model is to 'eep the
code resident on the server leaving little or no code on the client
machine. #ome e)amples for using client"side script include user
interface functions, entry verification, and standard programming
functions.
Two of the most popular scripting languages are 4etscape(s Iava#cript
and +icrosoft(s $:#cript. $isual Inter%ev supports both of these
scripting engines, although +icrosoft has implemented its own version
of 4etscape(s Iava#cript called I#cript. There are no significant
differences between the I#cript and Iava#cript implementation.
Another way to create a dynamic e)perience is through the use of
Active1 controls and Iava applets. $isual Inter%ev includes and
supports the use of both Active1 controls and Iava applets within your
application. These controls provide many additional functions from
multimedia to database connectivity. :oth Iava#cript and $:#cript are
used to interact with these controls e)tending the reach of the
interface. #imilar to the use of $isual :asic code with $isual :asic
controls, $:#cript and Iava#cript serve as the glue between the
browser and the particular control. The process is essentially the same
as using a traditional client"server tool li'e $isual :asic. ,ou add a
control to your page, setting its methods and properties. 7nce you
have established the basic properties, you add scripting code to handle
the application logic. $isual Inter%ev incorporates a visual tool for
creating client"side script for your Active1 controls. The #cript -i=ard,
first included in the Active1 ;ontrol Pad from +icrosoft, provides a
visual interface that builds both $:#cript and Iava#cript.
$isual Inter%ev also supports the use of Active #erver Pages. Active
#erver Pages are a new feature included with Internet Information
#erver 3.2H they provide a framewor' for creating dynamic -eb
pages.
Active #erver Pages are based on the Active1 #cripting engine and
enable you to include server"side e)ecutable script directly into an
HT+D document. ,ou can create Active #erver Pages using any of the
popular scripting languages, including $:#cript, Iava#cript, Perl, and
so on. *igure >.E illustrates how an Active #erver Page interacts with a
client machine.
!igure ".4.
This diagram shows how Active Server Pages interact in a Web-based
application.
,ou will notice from the diagram that the web clients communicate
with the web server through the HTTP protocol. The web server can be
on the Internet or within an intranet. The web server is comprised of
Internet Information #erver 3.2, which includes the Active1 #erver
#cripting engine. The diagram shows the Active #erver pages, or .asp
files, where the server"side script resides. These files are simply HT+D
pages that contain scripting code. This scripting code e)tends basic
HT+D and provides additional functionality for your application.
$isual Inter%ev enables you to create Active #erver Pages. #ome of
the visual tools within $isual Inter%ev generate much of the server"
side script for you. ,ou have the ability to modify this code as well as
create your own server"side script. ,ou will get your chance to build
Active #erver Pages on %ay >>, 5)tending ,our Application Through
Active #erver #cript.
The 1ee% for a 1e 5in% of Tool
There are many e)tensive and powerful technologies for creating -eb
applications, but most tools only focus on a single, specific need. 7ther
tools are being developed to address a few needs. %evelopers have
been dreaming of the day when they can use a comprehensive,
integrated development environment to build their applications. -hy,
you as', do you need an integrated tool6 Ta'e a wal' through a typical
-eb development effort and loo' at the many different types of tools
that you can use to build a -eb"based application.
*irst you need an HT+D editor. +any people have created a new
function for an old product and made 4otepad the HT+D editor of
choice. Table >.. outlines some of the more robust and popular
products on the mar'et.
Table 1#<# Po!ular (TML e%itors#
(TML &%itor Ven%or
ot <og ,ro #ausage #oftware
oT!eta" ,ro #oftZuad
)avi,ress )avisoft
'ront,age !icrosoft
+icrosoft also has created add"in products for its 7ffice suite of
products that enable HT+D conversion. *or e)ample, a user who is
familiar with +icrosoft -ord can use the Internet Assistant for -ord to
convert a document to HT+D format for display in a browser.
;hoosing an HT+D editor is only the beginning. To build an application,
you must consider the server"side products as well. ,ou have two
basic choices, as previously mentioned: ;AI or APIs. If you choose to
use ;AI, you will need to find a programming environment based on
the language you select. The possible languages include Perl and G4I1
shell scripts, $isual :asic, ;, and ;<<. If you choose an API, you need
to select the appropriate API implementation for your application
platform(s web server. 9efer to Table >.> for a listing of APIs and their
supported web server platforms. API server programs are
implemented as dynamic lin' libraries (%DDs! and built using either ;
or ;<<. Again, you will need to select the appropriate programming
environment to support the selected language.
Iava also can be used on the server to provide additional functionality
for your -eb"based application. #un +icrosystems built Iava as an
independent programming language. It can be implemented as an
application program or as a Iava applet. A Iava application can interact
with system resources and ma'e calls to e)ternal programs. A Iava
applet is found embedded within a web page and cannot interact with
system resources. 9egardless of your Iava implementation, an
environment will be needed to support your Iava development.
+icrosoft(s $isual I<< and #ymantec(s $isual ;afJ are some of the
more popular tools for Iava development.
,ou will invariably need to select a scripting language to support the
functionality of your application. -hether it is $:#cript or Iava#cript,
you will need an editor. 4otepad, $isual :asic, and the Active1 ;ontrol
Pad from +icrosoft all can support your $:#cript needs to varying
degrees. 4etscape 4avigator Aold and 4otepad support Iava#cript
development.
If you(re wondering about connecting your application to a database,
many options e)ist for database connectivity, depending on how you
want to implement your application. If you(re building a Iava"based
application, you will select a tool that supports Iava %atabase
;onnectivity, or I%:;. +ost of the popular Iava tools also support
I%:;. +icrosoft and 4etscape also provide environments and tools for
database connectivity based on their API specification.
The point in this e)ample is that you could spend a lot of time and
effort using a number of tools to implement a robust, -eb"based
application. ;ompatibility between the tools becomes a debugging
nightmare. Also, you spend a lot of time switching between the
development environments, thereby diminishing your productivity.
%ue to these limitations, +icrosoft created $isual Inter%ev to address
the many needs for today(s -eb"based application developer.
Presenting Visual InterDe$
The emphasis in creating $isual Inter%ev was to provide a tool with a
comprehensive, integrated development environment. $isual
Inter%ev(s creators wanted to provide a tool that enabled developers
to utili=e many technologies to create and deploy dynamic, -eb"based
applications. +icrosoft also wanted to emphasi=e a visual tool. +any
products have been created that enable you to code HT+D or connect
to a databaseH however, these tools typically haven(t focused on the
ease of use for the developer.
%eveloper productivity was a ma&or design goal for +icrosoft, and they
have accomplished it by providing $isual Inter%ev with many wi=ards
and visual tools, as well as database development features. Powerful
database integration and connectivity were clearly of paramount
importance for its design. $isual Inter%ev even supports developers in
deploying their sites once they have been built by integrating
comprehensive tools to create and maintain a web site into $isual
Inter%ev.
Integrated Development %nvironment
$isual Inter%ev provides a robust, integrated development
environment to address the many capabilities of the -eb. ,ou can
integrate various technologies, li'e Active1 controls and Active #erver
;omponents, to create a powerful application. The integrated
development environment enables you to use scripting languages li'e
$:#cript and Iava#cript to create dynamic applications and -eb
pages. ,ou can wor' on simultaneous pro&ects of different types all
from within $isual Inter%ev(s %eveloper #tudio interface. In addition to
$isual Inter%ev pro&ects, you also can develop $isual ;<< and $isual
I<< pro&ects.
Visual InterDev !eatures
4ow that you have been introduced to the features and benefits of the
integrated development environment, it(s time for a brief loo' at some
of the specific features of $isual Inter%ev. This discussion sets the
conte)t for %ay ., in which you will get to meet $isual Inter%ev up
close and personal.
$isual Inter%ev includes a wide range of visual tools to augment an
application developer(s productivity. HT+D editing is significantly
enhanced through the use of the HT+D Dayout 5ditor and a version of
the *rontPage HT+D editor. The HT+D Dayout 5ditor, introduced with
the Active1 ;ontrol Pad from +icrosoft, enables you to precisely place
your Active1 controls onto your web page. It also enables you to
control the ) and y coordinates to ensure that the Active1 controls are
displayed in the proper manner. :y using this tool, you(re able to ta'e
more control of your user interface, and can ensure that the interface
you build is an effective one.
$isual Inter%ev also provides -,#I-,A editing through its own
*rontPage ?K HT+D editor. *rontPage enables you to visually author
your HT+D page. ;ontent authors can use *rontPage ?K to create files
that are completely compatible with $isual Inter%ev(s version of the
*rontPage 5ditor. $isual Inter%ev also provides site management tools
that are very similar to those tools provided in *rontPage ?K.
The #cript -i=ard is another visual tool that greatly enhances a
developer(s productivity. The #cript -i=ard enables you to associate
specific actions with associated Active1 control events. :y lin'ing these
events and actions, the #cript -i=ard generates all of the necessary
script language for you. 7nce the language is generated, you have the
ability to modify and add to the code. This process can save you
considerable development time by generating the routine script and
enabling you to focus on the more advanced code for your application.
$isual Inter%ev also includes two tools for spicing up your web pages.
These tools focus on multimedia creation and management. The
+icrosoft Image ;omposer and +icrosoft +usic Producer enable you to
create graphical images, music, and sounds for your web site. ,ou can
use the +icrosoft Image ;omposer to create engaging images for your
web pages. The Image ;omposer supports the Adobe Photoshop file
format as well as AI* and IPA formats. The Image ;omposer is simple
to use, and you don(t have to be a graphic artist to master it. The
+usic Producer enables you to create music and sound effects for your
web site. ,ou pic' from over >22 pre"defined styles of music and can
modify the arrangement of instruments as well as the tempo.
Again, the goal of both of these products is to provide a rich and
rewarding e)perience for the user. The +edia +anager enables you to
manage all of your multimedia files through the use of speciali=ed
folders. :y using +edia +anager, you can properly organi=e your
images, sounds, video clips, and other multimedia files.
4ow consider some of the 'ey features for building robust server
applications. $isual Inter%ev enables you to create dynamic web pages
through the use of Active #erver Pages. The concept of Active #erver
Pages was touched on earlier in the day. As a refresher, Active #erver
Pages are HT+D pages that contain server"side script. The script code
can be either $:#cript, Iava#cript, or some other scripting language.
The Active #erver Page, or .asp file, resides on the server machine and
e)ecutes before being downloaded to the browser.
Active #erver ;omponents are a significant part of building distributed
and powerful applications. Active #erver ;omponents are programs,
%DDs, or e)ecutables (515s!, that are built using the ;omponent
7b&ect +odel (;7+! specification. $isual :asic, $isual ;<<, and $isual
I<< all support the development of ;7+"based components. These
programs can be called from Active #erver Pages to provide robust
application processing on the server machine.
*or e)ample, you might want to build an Active #erver ;omponent
that uses the strength of the ;<< language to perform financial
analysis and return the results to the -eb browser. ,ou also can
distribute the application processing load through the use of
%istributed ;7+ (%;7+!. Active #erver ;omponents provide a method
for building high transaction processing capability into your application.
$isual Inter%ev provides an environment that is conducive to
incorporating these components into your applications.
Database Integration
$isual Inter%ev provides some very robust database tools. The $isual
%ata Tools included with $isual Inter%ev are easy to use and
significantly reduce the time and effort for adding database capability
into your application. #ome of the features include the following:
Data Vie# Hisual $nter<ev pro5ect window that enables you to view all of your
database ob5ects including tables, views, stored procedures, and triggers.
Juer) Designer A tool that enables you to visually build your #Z" database
queries and test the results.
Database Designer A tool that enables you to design, create, and maintain your
#Z" database.
Store% Proce%ure@Trigger &%itor A tool for editing stored procedures and
triggers for !icrosoft #Z" #erver :.x and (racle =.x.
The Luery %esigner and the %atabase %esigner employ a user
interface similar to +icrosoft Access that(s very easy to use. ,ou can
drag and drop ob&ects into the wor'space and automatically build your
#LD 8ueries. ,ou also can use the %atabase %esigner to populate the
database and modify e)isting data.
7ther database features include the following:
Acti$eN Data 4b7ects# An ob5ect1based approach to accessing a database over
the Web that uses Active+ #cripting.
Database Design Time *ontrols#0ontrols geared toward the automatic creation
of database connectivity and generation of Active #erver scripting.
Database Wi2ar%s# Wi2ar%s that gui%e )ou through the creation of an
(TMLH %ata-boun% form
%atabase connectivity and integration is one of the best features of
$isual Inter%ev. ,ou will get a chance to use these features and tools
beginning with %ay @.
What Is Visual InterDe$9
The -orld -ide -eb (---! has made the Internet come alive for
many new users. In the initial stages, users reali=ed that they could
view numerous documents on various topics from all over the world.
Through the ---, people have access to a plethora of 'nowledge.
4ot only can you read about many interesting topics on the -eb, but
you also can find information about your favorite products and
services.
7nce you have gained this 'nowledge, you will invariably want to act
on it. #ome companies have built -eb"based applications, enabling
you to buy their products and services electronically over the Internet.
7ther companies enable you to fill out registration information to begin
receiving certain services. The point is, applications enable the user to
act on the 'nowledge they have gained. :usinesses can capitali=e on
opportunities sooner by becoming closer to the customer through a
virtual mar'etplace. $isual Inter%ev provides all the necessary tools to
build these vital applications for the -eb.
$isual Inter%ev is a comprehensive, -eb"based application
development tool. $isual Inter%ev provides an integrated environment
that brings together various technologies to wor' towards a common
goal of building robust and dynamic applications for the -eb. $isual
Inter%ev achieves this integrated development environment through
the use of the %eveloper #tudio shell interface, first used in +icrosoft(s
$isual ;<<. ,ou can open and wor' on $isual ;<< and $isual I<<
pro&ects while simultaneously creating your $isual Inter%ev pro&ect.
This feature greatly enhances productivity, especially when you(re
building ;7+ and %;7+ components and incorporating these
components into your $isual Inter%ev application.
$isual Inter%ev enables the developer to build applications that are
dynamic and interactive. ,esterday you learned about the difference
between static and dynamic web pages. $isual Inter%ev enables the
developer to build dynamic web pages through the use of client" and
server"side script. $:#cript is the default scripting language, but
Iava#cript also can be used.
%atabase integration is vital to any application. $isual Inter%ev
provides a rich and robust set of visual database tools to immediately
enhance your productivity. $isual Inter%ev supports the ma&or 7%:;"
compliant databases, both on the des'top and the server.
+anaging your web site once it has been developed is a very crucial
function. $isual Inter%ev provides a set of tools to view and maintain
your site. These tools are similar and compatible with the site
management tools found in +icrosoft *rontPage.
$isual Inter%ev supports the ma&or ob&ect"based technologies that
e)ist for developing -eb"based applications, including Active1 controls
and Iava applets. $isual Inter%ev supports the use of third"party
Active1 controls and enables you to integrate your own custom
Active1 controls. $isual Inter%ev also provides %esign"time ;ontrols
that enable you to set control properties when you(re designing your
application and then use this functionality at runtime without the
overhead of a typical Active1 control.
In a nutshell, $isual Inter%ev is an e)citing new tool that significantly
augments a -eb developer(s productivity. In this ne)t section, you will
learn why you need to use $isual Inter%ev instead of other
development tools.
Wh) Visual InterDe$9
The basic premise behind the creation of $isual Inter%ev was to
provide a tool that enabled developers to build dynamic and interactive
applications for the -eb. 7n the first day, you read about some of the
similarities and differences between client"server application
development and application development for the -eb. 5ssentially,
these two modes of computing were the same in that they both used
the client"server model. That is, client"server and -eb applications
both facilitate the client ma'ing a re8uest of the server. The main
difference is the degree to which they distribute the application logic
between the client and the server. *igure ..> depicts the distribution
of logic for a typical client"server application.
!igure #.".
A typical configuration for a client-server application.
-hile a client"server application distributes a mi) of presentation,
application, and database logic between the client and server, -eb
applications typically parcel almost all of the logic to the server. Gsing
this mi), -eb applications can provide the thinnest client of all, where
the only component that(s installed on the client machine is a browser.
*igure ... shows the configuration for a typical -eb"based application.
!igure #.#.
A typical configuration for a Web-based application.
14T&: The previous architecture diagrams represent a typical
configuration for both client1server and Web1based applications. Jou can
distribute the presentation, application, and database logic to varying
degrees between the client and the server in both computing models. This
comparison is meant to show the benefit of the Web1based style of
computing over client1server in terms of software distribution, version
control, and administration.
The benefit of -eb"based applications hinges on providing a universal
client to all users that ma'e re8uests of a centrali=ed application
stored on the server. This application is comprised of HT+D pages,
client" and server"side script, ob&ect"based controls, and other server"
side components that provide robust application processing. -ith a
client"server application, you still have a client component that you
have to install with every new enhancement and change to your
application. -ith a -eb"based application, the browser and, hence,
the client remain unchanged, and the application changes are made
centrally, in one place at one time on the server. Administration,
software distribution, and version control are significantly simplified
under this model.
A problem occurs under the -eb"based model in that the Internet
doesn(t inherently support interactive sessions with the user li'e the
client"server model. $isual Inter%ev supports the use of server"side
components to accomplish a persistent dialogue with the user and,
thus, an interactive session.
$isual Inter%ev provides the tool to ta'e advantage of the new -eb"
based model of computing. #ome development tools focus on
supporting a single Internet technology. 7thers support several
technologies for -eb"based development but don(t provide visual tools
to accomplish these tas's. $isual Inter%ev e)ceeds e)isting -eb
development tools by providing a way to integrate multiple
technologies and supplies visual tools to greatly enhance a developer(s
productivity. $isual Inter%ev also surpasses and e)tends the reach of
client"server tools to the Internet and the -eb.
The &ssence of Integration
The American Heritage %ictionary defines the word integration in the
following manner:
21. To make into a whole? unify. *. To 5oin with something else? unite.2
Truly, $isual Inter%ev unifies and unites the technologies of the -eb
through its integrated development environment. ,ou can use the
environment to rapidly build a robust application. ,ou have at your
disposal all of the tools necessary for -eb"based application
development in one integrated pac'age. In this sense, the whole really
is greater than the sum of its parts.
Visual InterDev Development %nvironment
$isual Inter%ev provides an integrated container for a variety of visual
tools. The integrated development environment is li'e a house with
many rooms. 5ach of the rooms has its own specific function that
contributes to the overall purpose of the house. #imilar to the rooms
of a house, each function contributes to the well"being of the
developer or resident. 4o single tool is more important than the other,
&ust as no room is more important than another. In a typical house,
you can eat, sleep, and ta'e care of your personal hygiene all under
the same roof. -ith $isual Inter%ev, you can develop your web pages,
connect them to a database, and deploy your web site all within the
confines of the same development environment.
The $isual Inter%ev development environment utili=es an
implementation of the %eveloper #tudio shell that was first found in
+icrosoft(s $isual ;<<. +icrosoft(s $isual I<< also incorporates this
development environment. :y using the %eveloper #tudio wor'space,
multiple pro&ects and tools can be supported. +icrosoft is bringing its
$isual Tools family together by using the same initial shell across
products. %evelopers can open many types of pro&ects created with
$isual Inter%ev, $isual ;<<, and $isual I<<.
The advantage of this integrated support is found in using multiple
applications to provide a robust solution. ,ou can build a Iava applet
using $isual I<<, incorporate the applet into your $isual Inter%ev web
application, and test and debug the application all within the same
environment. The same holds true for building an Active1 control using
$isual ;<<. Again, integration is the 'ey word. *igure ..3 illustrates
the ability to open multiple types of pro&ects from within the $isual
Inter%ev integrated development environment.
!igure #.$.
Opening projects with isual !nter"ev.
*igure ..3 shows the $isual Inter%ev *ile 7pen Pro&ect dialog window.
4otice the ability to open multiple types of pro&ects from within the
environment.
-hen you open your $isual Inter%ev pro&ect, you(re viewing your
actual web site. The $isual Inter%ev development environment uses
the 5)plorer interface to view and manage your web site files and
folders. This interface simplifies the tas' of creating and maintaining
your web site files and folders. Also, the interface enables you to fully
organi=e the construction of your -eb"based application. The
integrated development environment enables easy site creation
through the use of wi=ards, and enables developers to reuse files from
other sites.
$isual Inter%ev enables you to easily import e)isting files into your
web site structure. The 5)plorer interface enables you to accomplish
this tas' through a point"and"clic' metaphor, &ust as you copy and
paste files and folders on your P;. *igure ..E shows a $isual Inter%ev
pro&ect using *ile $iew.
!igure #.4.
A typical isual !nter"ev project.
The *ile $iew is the default view for a typical $isual Inter%ev pro&ect.
4otice the tabs at the bottom of the pane on the left"hand side of the
wor'space. *ile $iew enables you to see the structure of your web site
including files and folders. This view displays the entire contents of
your site, including HT+D pages, images, controls, applets, and other
files. The pane to the right of this wor'space displays the ob&ect that is
selected based upon its file type. *or e)ample, if you selected an HT+D
page from the list on the left, the HT+D code would be displayed in the
window on the right.
%ata$iew is the other tab located ne)t to the *ile$iew tab. This view
shows all of your database ob&ects, including tables, views, stored
procedures, and triggers. The %ata $iew provides a direct connection
to your 7%:; datasource to enable remote configuration and
maintenance as well as interaction. *igure ..B demonstrates the %ata
$iew showing a sample Access database.
!igure #.&.
The "ata iew.
14T&: The <ata Hiew only appears as an option for web pro5ects after
you have inserted a database connection. The <ata Hiew also is displayed
for <atabase ,ro5ects.
Visual SourceSafe Integration
$isual Inter%ev supports integration with $isual #ource#afe to provide
version control cap"abilities li'e chec'"in0chec'"out. #imilar to any
application development effort, source code control becomes a big
issue when you(re building a site with multiple team members.
%evelopers can chec' out their portion of the site, ma'e the
appropriate changes, and send the file bac' to the server to be
incorporated with the other developers( files. 5ffective team
development is covered in more detail on %ay >?, -or'ing 5ffectively
in Teams with $isual #ource#afe.
'rowser Integration
Another feature of $isual Inter%ev is the integration of a browser
within the development environment. $isual Inter%ev includes an
implementation of the +icrosoft Internet 5)plorer 3.2 browser. This
implementation supports all of the same features of the commercial
version of Internet 5)plorer, including Iava applets, Active1 controls,
Active1 documents, $:#cript and Iava#cript, style sheets, and HT+D
3.) features such as frames and tables. :y using the Preview in
:rowser feature, you don(t have to use one tool to build the application
and then open up your browser to view it. -ith $isual Inter%ev, you
can build your -eb"based application and view the results all from
within one environment. This feature adds to the speed with which a
developer can create and update applications and web sites.
,ou do have the capability to use the :rowse -ith function to view
your web site from within the browser(s native window. *or e)ample,
you could configure Internet 5)plorer or 4etscape 4avigator and view
the site from within the production browser environment. ,ou probably
will want to use this feature during final testing of your web site. If
you(re deploying your site for use with the 4etscape 4avigator
browser, you have to use this feature.
,ou can use either of these features by selecting an HT+D file and
right"clic'ing the mouse to display the shortcut menu. *igure ..M
shows the Preview in :rowser and :rowse -ith menu options on the
shortcut menu for an HT+D file.
!igure #.(.
#rowser viewing options.
Ta>ing a *loser Loo> at the *om!onents
The previous section discussed how $isual Inter%ev provides an
integrated development environment from which to wor'. ,ou saw the
basic $isual Inter%ev wor'space and the different views that are
available. In this section, you get a guided tour through each of the
features and components that ma'e up $isual Inter%ev.
Visual InterDev %ditors
$isual Inter%ev provides several visual editors for designing and
developing your HT+D web pages. The following list outlines those that
are available:
T!" #ource %ditor
'ront,age %ditor for Hisual $nter<ev
T!" "ayout %ditor
(b5ect %ditor
(TML Source &%itor
Gsing this editor, you can create and edit your HT+D code, which is
color"coded, providing a visually appealing synta). ,ou can incorporate
many ob&ects and controls, such as HT+D layouts and controls, Active1
controls, and %esign"time Active1 controls. The editor also supports
the use of script with your HT+D web page. *igure ..K highlights
standard HT+D code using the HT+D #ource 5ditor.
!igure #.).
The $T%& Source 'ditor.
0rontPage &%itor for Visual InterDe$
This editor is an implementation of the +icrosoft *rontPage 5ditor
created for $isual Inter%ev. This editor is completely compatible with
the full version of +icrosoft *rontPage and provides a visual tool for
developing HT+D web pages. ,ou may already be familiar with
+icrosoft *rontPage. The *rontPage 5ditor uses a -,#I-,A approach
to develop HT+D code. This approach enables you to add HT+D
features to your web page through a graphical, point"and"clic'
metaphor. *or e)ample, to add a table, you select the Insert Table
menu item from the Table menu and then visually set the parameters,
such as number of rows and columns. -ith the *rontPage 5ditor, you
can visually wor' with ob&ects instead of the underlying HT+D to
construct your web pages. This method can substantially save
development time. 7nce you have constructed a web page using the
graphical editor, you can access and manipulate the generated HT+D
code and add your own custom HT+D.
The *rontPage 5ditor also supports the incorporation of plug"ins,
Active1 controls, and Iava applets. *igure ..@ highlights the -,#I-,A
features of the *rontPage 5ditor for $isual Inter%ev.
!igure #.*.
The (rontPage 'ditor for isual !nter"ev.
(TML La)out &%itor
The HT+D Dayout 5ditor is the same editor that was first included with
the Active1 ;ontrol Pad from +icrosoft. This editor provides a way to
accurately position all of your Active1 controls on your web page. The
interface is very similar to tools li'e $isual :asic, which enable you to
position your ob&ects on forms. -ith this layout editor, you can drag
and drop controls onto the layout and establish their properties and
e)act position within the web page. -hen the form is displayed by the
browser at runtime, the controls are positioned at the e)act
coordinates that were specified at design time. The toolbo) enables
you to add and delete controls. ,ou also can use the #cript -i=ard to
automatically add scripting code for use with your controls. *igure ..?
displays the HT+D Dayout 5ditor.
!igure #.+.
The $T%& &ayout 'ditor.
4b7ect &%itor
The 7b&ect 5ditor enables you to establish the properties for your
Active1 and %esign"time Active1 controls as well as Iava applets and
4etscape plug"ins. The 7b&ect 5ditor is activated after you insert an
ob&ect into your HT+D source code. *or e)ample, to position an
Active1 control on your web page, you would right"clic' the mouse
where you wanted the ob&ect to be placed within your HT+D code.
14T&: Jou must click between the <HTML> and </HTML> tags that signify
the beginning and ending of your code.
,ou can then choose between regular and %esign"time controls. 7nce
you have chosen a control, the 7b&ect 5ditor is displayed, enabling you
to set the properties for the given control. *igure ..>2 e)hibits the
7b&ect 5ditor for a typical Active1 control.
!igure #.",.
The Object 'ditor.
As you can see, there are several editors that you can choose, based
on the tas' that you(re trying to accomplish. These editors are covered
in"depth later in the wee'. ,ou also will get a chance to use each of
these editors to e)perience their features during the first wee'.
Active- .ontrols and /ava Applets
$isual Inter%ev includes and supports the use of Active1 controls.
Active1 controls are the ne)t generation of 7D5 controls, .7;1 files.
These controls use less overhead and memory and are perfect for
transporting over the Internet. These controls also can be used with
other client"server development tools, li'e $isual :asic and $isual ;<
<. Active1 controls e)tend the reach of HT+D controls and enable you
to create effective user interfaces. Gsing the editors mentioned in the
previous section, you can visually set the properties for the Active1
control.
$isual Inter%ev also supports the use of Iava applets and 4etscape
plug"ins. ,ou can wor' within the frame of either of these controls to
visually establish their properties.
Design01ime Active- .ontrols
$isual Inter%ev uses %esign"time Active1 controls to provide similar
functionality to regular Active1 controls without the processing
overhead. %esign"time Active1 controls enable you to visually set
properties for the control at design time. The %esign"time control then
generates HT+D and scripting code based on the properties that you
select. 9egular Active1 controls differ in that they include a run"time
component that e)ecutes within the conte)t of the browser.
%esign"time Active1 controls have no run"time component. Their script
is processed on the server, and the HT+D and results are returned to
the client. $isual Inter%ev provides many %esign"time controls,
including some very powerful controls for building database
connectivity. ,ou can also build your own design"time controls with
tools such as $isual :asic and $isual ;<<.

Web Technologies

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Web Technologies

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture Plan

MBA IV Semester -Web Technologies

You might also like