1E6 Structural timber and glulam

Petr Kuklk
Anna Kuklkov
Content
Introduction
Grading and
evaluation
Visual grading
Stress grading
Penetration method
Determination of
properties
Engineered wood
Glulam
- production process
- material properties
- versatility
- design cosideration
- structural use of glulam
- typical structures
Introduction
... The two products wood, in the sense of clear
defect-free wood and timber, in the sense of
commercial timber have to be considered as
two different materials and that must be
respected when strength properties are
developed for engineering purposes. ...
Grading and evaluation
Visual grading method
Stress grading method
Evaluation methods
- Penetration method
- Others NDT methods
- Stress wave method
- Ultrasound method
- Impact sounding method
- Pull out method
Visual grading
93,8 96,3 95,5 96,6
6,9
6,3
9,1
15
3,7
2,3
0
3,4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
A B C Average
%
Knot
Slope of grain
Annual ring
Stress grading
Penetration method
relationship between the depth of
penetration and density
] [g/cm
3
12

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
9 8 7 6 5
[mm] t
12 , p
987 727 , 0 t 102 027 , 0
12 , p 12
+ =
( ) w 007 , 0 1 t t
p 12 , p
=
12 w w =
correlation between properties
contribution of NDT
27
27
22
27
22
22
Bending strength
according to NAD
SN P EN 1995-1-1 and
SN P EN 1995-2
[MPa]
77,22 61,395 537 S 13
55,41 39,775 409 S 13
50,90 44,040 492 S 10
49,37 31,282 437 S 13
41,50 34,221 402 S 10
40,04 33,983 460 S 10
Strength
test
[MPa]
Strength
calculation
[MPa]
Density
[kg/m
3
]
Strength class
according to
SN 73 2824-1
(idt DIN 4074)
Determination of properties
test results (spruce)
50,88 14 577 15,0 2,10 0,20 479 21
27,32 8 675 59,0 3,53 0,25 473 20
24,33 6 718 60,0 3,72 0,30 406 19
69,79 14 195 44,0 1,45 0,10 539 18
61,68 17 244 43,0 1,51 0,30 541 17
75,81 16 184 14,0 1,00 0,12 554 16
39,54 14 037 14,0 1,80 0,24 450 15
47,04 11 650 27,0 2,65 0,26 441 14
51,93 13 225 19,0 1,59 0,22 449 13
55,85 11 375 2,0 1,43 0,22 437 12
77,22 18 197 42,0 0,88 0,17 537 11
f
m
E
stat
Slope
of
grain
Annual
ring
Knot
ratio
12
Specimen
factor for calculation
0
0,6
50 100 150 200 250
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1
2
3
4
5
A
B
k
s
A - number of samples
B - number of specimens in the sample
strength properties
350 370 380
k
Density
330 420 500 G
05
500 630 750 G
mean
Shear
modulus
180 220 270 E
90,05
270 330 400 E
90,mean
5 400 6 700 8 000 E
0,05
8 000 10 000 12 000 E
0,mean
Modulus
of elasticity
1,8 2,4 2,5 f
v,k
Shear
4,6 5,1 5,1 f
c,90,k
17 20 22 f
c,0,k
Compression
0,3 0,3 0,3 f
t,90,k
10 13 16 f
t,0,k
Tension
16 22 27 f
m,k
Bending
S 7 S 10 S 13
(spruce, fir, pine, larch)
Coniferous
Strength classes
Characteristic values
(in MPa)
Strength properties
timber quality
0
1,6
2,5
2
67 69 65 67,2
32,5
29
33
31,2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
A B C Average
%
C16
C22
C27
Engineered wood products
Target:
HOMOGENISATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Decreasing influence of anisotropic effects on
the mechanical properties (strength / stiffness)
Decreasing influence of changes of the moisture content
Possibility for the production of 2D-elements (plates,
panels)
Engineered Wood Products Structural timber
Cutting / sawing of logs in longitudinal
and transversal direction
from cutting/chipping of logs/round timber
and/or structural timber into particles and
subsequently bonding by means of adhesives
Roundwood, Logs
Glulam
production process
material properties
versatility
design considerations
Aesthetics
Prefabrication
Transport and
erection
structural use of glulam
Elephant house in Cologne Europabrcke in Murau, Austria
typical structures
Beams
Three-pin truss
Portal frames
Arches
Thank you
for your kind attention!
27