I -Ñ-Ø√-úø’ í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 15 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2005

Murali: Hi! Manoj, what brings you to this

office again?
(£æ…-ß˝’ -´’-ØÓ-ñ ¸, àçöÀ ´’Sx office
-´-î√a´¤?)
Manoj: I've (I have) come for my service cer-
tificate.
(Ø√ service certificate éÓÆæç ´î√a.)
Murali: How long did you work here?
(†’¢Áyçûªé¬©ç °æE-îË-¨»-N-éπ\úø?)
Manoj: I joined here at the age of 20 and
left at the age of 23. That means 3
years. To be exact it is a little over
three years.
(ØËE-éπ\úø 20´ àô îË®√†’. 23´ àô ¢Á-R}-
§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Åçõ‰ ´‚úË∞¡Ÿx. correct í¬
Å®·ûË ´‚úË∞¡xèπ◊ éÌClí¬ Â°jØË)
Murali: Murthy has also left us. isn't he (is he
not) the same age as you?
Doesn't he (does he not) appear to be
above 40?
èπ◊ c) 35 à∞¡x éπçõ‰ °ü¿l-¢√∞¡Ÿx Government jobs èπ◊
Å®Ω’|-©’-鬮Ω’
Those above 35 years of age are not
qualified for govt. jobs
Éô’-´çöÀîÓôx above •ü¿’©’ over èπÿú≈
¢√úø-´îª’a.
Those above 35 = Those over 35
3. äéπ ´ßª’-Ææ’èπ◊ ûªèπ◊\´ Å®·ûË = below
(Sorry, Ñ §Úöà âü¿’, ûÌN’t-üË∞¡x ´ßª’- b) Jagdeesh: FéÃ
i) È®çúË∞¡xéπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ -´-ߪ ’Ææ ’-†o °œ©x-©èπ◊ §ÚöÙ §ƒ™Ô_ØË Å®Ω|ûª Öçü∆?
Ææ’qçúÕ, I Class †’ç* V Class îªC¢Ë (Å®Ω|ûª Öçúøôç = eligible,
´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ñ ´’çü¿’ É≤ƒhç
§ƒ™Ô_-†ôç = participate/ take part,
We give this medicine only to children ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’)
below the age two. îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆! Prepositions of age: §Úöà = competition/ contest)
a) at the age of/ at a young age/ at an old Suma: 20, 30 à∞¡x ´’üµ¿u ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ÅC.
ii) Åûª-úÕ ´ßª’Ææ’q 20 à∞¡x-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\¢Ë
Jagadeesh: Å®·ûË Fèπ◊ Å®Ω|ûª ÖçC éπü∆?
He is below 20 age/ at the proper age

He left school at..

(´‚Jh èπÿú≈ Ñ office ´CL
¢ÁRx§Úߪ÷úø’. Åûª†’ èπÿú≈ F ´ßª’ÊÆ
éπü∆?)
Manoj: No, I am 23 now, and he is above 24.
He is atleast a year older than I.
What about you?
(é¬ü¿’. Ø√èπ◊ É®Ω-¢Áj-´‚úË∞¡Ÿx. Åûª-úÕéÀ É®Ω-¢Áj Suma:
iii) Åûª-úÕ-´-ߪ’Ææ’q business -v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-*-†-°æ¤púø’ Ø√èπ◊ 30 à∞¡Ÿx ü∆öÀç-ü¿E îÁ°œpç-î√-©E
-Ø√-©’-Íí∞¡x éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢Ë. F Ææçí∫ûË-N’-öÀ?) ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®√?
Murali: I am under twenty one. I am slight-
20 à∞¡x-™Ê°
Jagadeesh: Sorry, F´¤ 30 à∞¡x-™ Ê° ņ’-
ly, that is, just a few months over 20.
He was below twenty (years of age)
when he started his business.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 47 èπ◊Ø√o.
(É®Ω-¢Áj-ä-Íé\-∞¡x-éπçõ‰ éÌçîÁç ûªèπ◊\´. 20 à∞¡x c) Naresh: Hi, Ajitha, Åçü¿®Ω÷ èπ◊™«-≤ƒØ√?
iv) 15 à∞¡x™°æ¤ °œ©x-©èπ◊ é¬D ÆœE´÷
éπçõ‰ éÌEo ØÁ©©’ áèπ◊\´) °∂晫† ´ßª’-Ææ’q-™/ èπ◊, Ajitha: ¢√®Ωç éÀçü¿ ´÷ û√ûª-í¬®Ω’ §Úߪ÷®Ω’.
Ééπ\úÕ prepositions îª÷úøçúÕ: at (the age of), This movie is not for those below 15
*†o/ -°-ü¿l/ -Ææ-È®j† Naresh: ÅßÁ÷u! Çߪ’† ´ßª’-ÂÆqçûª?
above (24), under (20), over (20) -í∫-´’-Eç-î √®Ω’ Ééπ\úø below •ü¿’©’ under ¢√úø-´îª’a. Ajitha: °ü¿l-´-ߪ’-Ææ’-™ ØË îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. Å®·ûË
´ßª’-Ææ’™.
éπü∆. Ñ prepositions ÅFo-èπÿú≈ ´ßª’-Ææ’qèπ◊ (below = under Ééπ\úø) b) above/ over a certain Çߪ’† ™‰E ™ô’ ™õ‰. Çߪ’-†èπ◊ 78
v) 14 à∞¡xéπç-õ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ -´-ߪ’Ææ’ °œ©x-©†’ °æ†’-™ x- à∞¡Ÿx. ؈’ °æ¤öÀd-†-°æp-öÀÍé Çߪ’-†èπ◊ 55
Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√ú≈ç. 鬕öÀd OöÀE age
prepositions of Age Åçü∆ç. °-ô’d-éÓ-èπÿ-úøü¿’. °∂晫--† ´-ߪ’-Ææ’qèπ◊ °j•úÕ à∞¡x°jØË. ´÷ Å´’t-´’tèπ◊ 50 ™°æ¤.
1. at (the age of) Nobody shall appoint for any work Naresh: Åçûª ´ßª’-Ææ’-™ †÷ Çߪ’† î√™«
(Éô’-´çöÀîÓôx more M. SURESAN
boys or girls under 14 èπ◊™«-≤ƒ-í¬ØË ÖØ√oúø’ éπü∆!
°∂晫-† ´ßª’-Ææ’q-èπ◊/ -°∂æ-™«-† ´ßª’-Ææ-°æ¤púø’/ ÉØÓo-à-ô/- than so many years
É-ØËo-∞¡x-°æ¤púø’ – OöÀ-™ àC îÁ§ƒp-©Ø√o ¢√öÀ 4. È®çúø’ ´ßª’-Ææ’© ´’üµ¿u = between ANSWERS
ņ-´îª’a).
´·ç-ü¿’ at ¢√úøû√ç. Parent: Will you let my daughter partici- a) Pavan: Who were you talking to?
c) below/ under äéπ ´ßª’-Ææ’èπ◊ ™•úÕ.
a) ¢√úø’ 16 à∞¡xèπ◊ school ´C-L-°-ö«dúø’. pate in the competition Ravikanth: To my uncle.
(Less than/ lower than é¬ü¿’)
He left school at 16/ at the age of 16/ (§ÚöÙ ´÷ Å´÷t®·E §ƒ-™Ô_†E-≤ƒh®√?) d) between = È®çúø’ ´ßª’-Ææ’q-© ´’üµ¿u. Pavan: Your uncle? He appears to be
at 16 years of age. Teacher: How old is she? which class is below 25 years. Is he older than
NOW PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:
b) Ç¢Á’èπ◊ 22´ àô °-∞¡}-®·çC. she in? you by two or three years only?
a) Pavan: †’´¤y á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤ Ravikanth: Don't be silly. I am 20 years
she got married at 22/ at the age of 22 (´-ߪ’ÂÆçûª? à class ™ ÖçC?)
c) *†o/ °ü¿l/- Ææ-È®j† ´ßª’Ææ’™ Parent: She is ten plus. she is in VI
(Éçü∆éπ) Old. He is above 35.
Ravikanth: ´÷ ´÷´’-ߪ’uûÓ Pavan: He doesn't (does not) look his
at a young age/ at an old age/ at the class.
Pavan: O’ ´÷´’ߪ÷u? 25 à∞¡x-™ °æ¤ -¢√-úÕ-™« age
proper age (°æüË-∞¡x-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´. -Ç®Ó -ûª®Ωí∫-A éπ-E°œÆæ’h-Ø√o-úø’. Féπçõ‰ È®çúø’ ´‚úË∞ÏxØ√ Ravikanth: He went abroad at a very
2. äéπ ´ßª’-Ææ’èπ◊ °j•úÕ Öçõ‰ = above îª-ü¿’-´¤-ûÓç-C) °ü¿l? young age. He returned only
a) 60 à∞¡x °j•-úÕ-†- -¢√--∞¡Ÿx senior citizens (above ten/ over ten/ ten plus) Ravikanth: °œ*a-°œ-*aí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊. Ø√Íé¢Á÷ last week.
people above 60 years of age are Teacher: I'm sorry. This competition is É®Ω¢Áj. Çߪ’†èπ◊ 35 -éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢Ë. b) Jagadeesh: Are you eligible to partici-
senior citizens. for children between five and Pavan: Åçûª-´-ߪ’-Ææ’-†oô’x éπ†-°æ-úøúË. pate in the competition?
b) Åûª-úø’ 40 à∞¡x-éπçõ‰ °ü¿l-¢√-úø’í¬ éπ-E°œç-îª-úøç nine years of age, that is, for Ravikanth: *†o-´-ߪ’-Ææ’-™ ØË Çߪ’† foreign Suma: It is only for those between 20 and
-™‰-ü¿÷? pupils of I class to V class. ¢Á∞«xúø’. Last week AJ-íÌ-î√aúø’. 30 (years of age)
Jagadeesh: Then you are eligible
-v°æ-¨¡o: 1) I' asked him not to Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?Sentence *´®Ω not to -v°æ-¨¡o: I Know her (A.V.) Suma: Do you want to make me say that
à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ¢√úøû√®Ω’? She is Known by me (P.V.) or I am above 30
2) What the postman must do is provide the address- She is known to me (P.V.) Jagadeesh: Sorry, I thought you were
Åç-õ‰ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’N’-öÀ? A.V. P.V.
°j ¢√éπu-ç-™ E ™éÀ -´÷-JÊÆh à ¢√éπuç Correct? under thirty.
do ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª is à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ´Ææ’hçC? áçü¿’-èπ◊?-N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. c) Naresh: Hi Ajitha, how is every body?
Ajitha: My grandfather died a week ago
-ï-¢√-•’: 1) 'I asked him not to' Åçõ‰ á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ îË≤ƒh-´’E
– -G.®√-ñ‰ç-ü¿®˝, -N’®√u-©í∫÷-úø, -†-™Ô_ç-úø ->-™«x ÅüË Nüµ¿çí¬ –
The Water fills the tank (A.V.) (Week back é¬ü¿’)
Åçõ‰, ´ü¿’l ÅE Å®Ωnç. The tank is filled by the water (P.V.) Naresh: Sorry to hear that. What was his
A: He said he would complain to the police. (or) age? / How old was he?
B: I asked him/ told him not to. The tank is filled with the water (P.V.) Ajitha: He died at an old age. We do
(Åçõ‰ Police complaint É´y-´-ü¿lE îÁ§ƒp†’, ÅE) P.V. ™ à ¢√éπuçCorrect? miss him, of course. He was 78.
2) What the postman must do is Åçõ‰ Postman àç îËߪ÷-©çõ‰ -– ü¿-´·t -¢Áçéπ-ô -Å-§ƒp®√-´¤, When I was born he was above/
ÅE Å®Ωnç. What the Postman must do is provide the over 55. Grand mother was
-ï-¢√-•’: Passive ™, know -N-≠æ-ߪ’ç-™-†÷, fill -N-≠æ-ߪ’ç-™-†÷
-´·-†í∫-§ƒéπ, -N-¨»-ê°æ-ôoç ->-™«x
address = Postman îËߪ÷-Lqç-üËç-ôçõ‰ address É´y-úøç. ÉD below/ under 50.
D†®Ωnç. Ñ éÀçC Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ do is ´Ææ’hçC. by ®√-ü¿’. is known to, is filled with ÅE ´Ææ’hçC. Naresh: Even at such an age he was
What you must do (now) is, study well and get good marks 'fill' N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ á´®Ω’ fill î˨»®Ω’ ÅE îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ by ´Ææ’hçC. healthy.
†’Ny-°æ¤p-úø’ îËߪ÷-Lqç-ü¿™«x ¶«í¬ îªCN marks ûÁa-éÓ-´-úøç. The tank is filled with water by Ram.