MICHELLE ANDREA A.

DEMAGUIL, RN


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
The investigator planning an experiment has many experimental design option to choose.
Experimental designs fall into two major categories.
True or Classical experimental design
Pre- experimental design


TRUE OR CLASSICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
There are three major subdivisions in true or classical experimental design
Pre test post test control group design
Solomon four group design
After / post test only experimental design



PRE TEST POST TEST CONTROL GROUP DESIGN
Experimental group
experimental treatment
Pre test Post test


Control group

Pre test Post test

MICHELLE ANDREA A. DEMAGUIL, RN



PRE TEST POST TEST CONTROL GROUP DESIGN
In this design, subjects have been designed randomly to the experimental or control group
The experimental treatment is given only to those in the experimental group, and the pre
tests and post tests are those measurements of the dependent variables that are made
before and after the experimental treatment is performed.
All true experimental designs have subjects randomly assigned groups, have an
experimental treatment introduced to some of the subjects and have the effects of the
treatment observed.
Advantages
The investigator is able to account for events occurring between time 1 and time 2
through observation of control group
It also enables the investigator to control for changes in the instrumentation, since
changes or drifts in measurement should affect both groups equally
Randomization decreases selection bias and maturation.

SOLOMON FOUR GROUP DESIGN
Experimental group I
experimental treatment
Pre test Post test

Control group I

Pre test Post test



MICHELLE ANDREA A. DEMAGUIL, RN


Experimental group II
experimental treatment
Post test

Control group II

Post test
SOLOMON FOUR GROUP DESIGN
This design employs two experimental groups and two control groups. Initially, the
investigator randomly assigns subjects to the four groups. Those in the first experimental
treatment, and observed again on occasion 2.
Those in the experimental group 2 also receive the treatment but are observed only after
the treatment, nor before.
Those in control group 1 are observed, on occasion 1 and 2, but they are not given the
experimental treatment.
Those in control group 2 are observed only on the second occasion without previous
observation or treatment.
ADVANTAGES
It has great potential for generating information about differential sources of effect on the
dependent variable, because all four groups are studied at the same time, both the effects
of events occurring between time 1 and time 2 and the maturation of subjects are
controlled.
One can examine the score of control groups 2 for a measure of maturation without the
influence of treatment.
The invigilator also can compare the different in the groups.



MICHELLE ANDREA A. DEMAGUIL, RN


AFTER / POST TEST ONLY CONTROL GROUP DESIGN
Experimental group
experimental treatment
Post test

Control group

Post test
ADVANTAGE
This design can be useful in situation where it is not possible to pretest the subjects or
pretest is non essential

PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
It is one type of the experimental design
It have three subdivisions. They are
One short case study or single case study
One group pretest posttest design
The static group comparison design

ONE SHORT CASE STUDY OR SINGLE CASE STUDY
Experimental treatment
Cause change
In single case study, that studies at once, following a treatment or an agent presumed to
cause change.

Because the study design has a total absence of control, it is considered to be little value
as an experiment.
MICHELLE ANDREA A. DEMAGUIL, RN



ONE GROUP PRETEST POSTTEST DESIGN

Experimental treatment


Pre test post test

Here only one group is observed before and after the independent variable is introduced.

Loss of the control group decreases the usefulness of the study but may be necessary in
cases where it is not possible or feasible to have control groups.

THE STATIC GROUP COMPARISON DESIGN
The static group that has experienced the independent variable is compared with one that
has not.

Here the experimental group received the independent variable, but control group did not
receive the independent variable.