-the these bahaviors are divides is by negative and positive symsptoms (of schit

zophrenia)
-positive symptoms: excess or distorion in normal behavior n expereince, halluci
nations (we see an improvement
through medication) but not as much improvement in negative symptoms such as abs
ence or deficit of normally present
behaviors, flat effect, alogia, avoliation(difficulty statring a behavior, or co
mpleting ur routine) , medications
dont work as well on negative symptoms.
-Subtypes of squizoprenia (slide 16),
1) paranoid subtype: panoid delisions n persecutory, tend to be the ones who hav
e the most in tact cognitive skills, not as
much disoted thought and speech, often the hallucions are congrount with the del
usions (ex: imaging someone doing something
or an ingredient placed in food) delusions congrount with hallucinations(can be
bidirectional) , very expansicve or auditory
hallucinations, common type
2) disorganized type:seeing diorganized sppech, disinhibited bahvior, more commo
n types, inapporicate affect,
3)catatonic type: standing for hour motioneless, or holding a postion for hours,
least common
4) undifferentiated type: a little of paranoid, catatonin n diorgnaized type
5) residual type: minimal symptoms left after recovery, n sysmptoms are not impa
rtive enough to meet the criteria of schitzopherina
-with postitive symptoms n negative symptoms (more oftent than not, both present
)
-scitzopherina (16% seem fine, like they no longer treatment, n the 15% , so 1/3
prognosis can be fucntional (get better))
-other psychotic disoders: slide 17,
1) the depressive symptoms (30% of the time), a good potion is spent dpressed, o
r criteria that could meet depressive or biopolar
those features tend to do with psychotic sysmptoms, then it will be called schit
zoafective/hard to understand n difficult
2) schitzophreniform-only there for a month does not meet duration criteria
3) delusional disoder: usually one delusion, more confined to one fixed belief,
will not get hallucions, firm belief not
held by reality, n tays in fixx with relief
4) brief psychotoc disoder: at least one day but return to normal functioning, m
ight last a few weeks, but not a month,
5) shred psychotic disorder: the person with u develops the same delusion or bel
ier (irrational, firmly held belief) people
around u begin adopting ur reality.
-shitzopherinia is not the only psychotic disorder there are variations
-causal factors:has a familial components, part of the factors due to heritabili
ty, twins 45-65% develop shitzophrenia, for
heterozygotic genes 15%, genetic componnents suggest thare is something being pa
ssed down that increase vulnerability n suceptability
-monozygitic: 48-50% Vs. dizogotic (10-17%)
-SLIDE 19(shared the same environment n control for through being raised with pa
rent with schitzo prehina n dont have shitchoprenia]
-n if they share same placenta, or blood stream twins are introduced to viruses,
ect that increases concordance
-in adoption studies hiegher rates of schitzaprhenia in biological family and no
t as much in adoptive family,
-chrmosomes and genes, n gene-enviroemnt inteactetions, people who have a candid
ate gene are more vulnerable to shitzophernia,
studies show that hte use of canabus? influeces shitzophrenia (CONT gene), many
genes are responsible, because there
is so much vulnerabilities in the symsptoms, it will e a different sets of genes
and variations
-WHAT ID BEING TRANSMITTED:
-STRUCTURAL (BRAIN) ABNORMALITIES,
DIFFERENCES IN NEUROTRAMSMITTERS:, SOME PATIENTS WITH SCHIZ HAVE LARGER VETRICLE
S(LARGER THAN HEALTHY PEOPLE), REDUCE GRAY
MATTER N REDUCE BRAIN VOLUME,
-OTHER BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: DECREASE BRAIN VOLUMES, ITS PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATION
, HIPER FRONTALITY, LOWE ACTIVITY ,
cognitive deficit (hard to stay focused)
-see abnaomalities n temporal lobe which control memory , emotions n responsible
for audotiory senses
-reduced values on hypothalumus, lead to a distortiona, disrutions in myelin, SL
IDE 25
-SLIDE 28 (SHE'S JUMPING AROUND)
-*PRGRESSIVE DEGENATION OF THE BRAIN OVER TIME, ON AVERAGE WE SEE A DECREAED VOL
UME IN THE BRAIN
-dISRUPTED IN THE ARCHETECTIRE OF THE BRAIN, INCLUDING NEURONS, abnormality in d
istribu=tion, tangled, does not facilitate communication
easily, a lack of distribution around the frontal area of the brain (more degene
eation here) , disoder of though n reasoning n
judgement, disregulation in neurotramittters, pateint with schitzophrenia have t
oo much dopamine, have psychosis n hallucinations
-studies that showed that drug that increased dopanime u have psychophreani like
symptoms, when u have medinice to block
dopamne(you have a reduction in psychoprenia like behavior), dopnaime itself, ma
kes sensory events acquire salience, does
not treat a normal event, it exxagerattes,
-not psychophereni get better after use in medication
-glutamite aslo involved in psytchophreaia, so having lower levels of this neuro
tramistters, structural differences
-renateal exposes make the person more vulruable, increased rates in schitzo, wh
en flue session is igh, n it happens in
the second trimester on pregnancy is at its highest risk, blood desiase that lea
d to the deprevation of oxygen which lead to
vulnerability to having somehting like that, the mom can take medicine , shots,
early nutrituins deficincy: increased
risk of shitzophreaniaq an association of early deprevaion of food n psychotzoph
renia
-the combaniation of many factors will lead to the prodcution of themental illne
ss
-SLIDE 21/SLIDE 29 (DEATH , TRAUMATIC EVENT) PRENATALLY THERE I THAT RISK, astr
essful event trigger the onset of a syhcotic break
n occurs in the context of stress, stress wil have effect on dopanime to put a p
erson over the edge, when people who
have shitzo n are treated n return to stressful envrironemt they are prone to ha
ve a relapse (ex: a disfuctional
stressful family life) , high expressed emotion(critism, hostility n emotional o
verinvolvement) associated with relapse/or onset
-moms have been accused of the cause, mixed messages, get critized, [NOT TRUE]
-family factors will increase relapse, but not the only factor, also when commun
atiction is unclear , confusinf, vague
-
slide 30
-early sign os schotzophrenia : beased on home movies n had schitzophrenia vs co
ntrols, schtisoz were motor abnormality
including unsual hand movements
-also less positivie facial emotion n more negative facial emotion
-treatment n outome: pateints that stayed in institutions, 30% recover , 12% nee
d long term instituationalion,
-medication is primary treatment, types of medicarion (first genration is haldol
, thorzine , block dopamine receptors)
side effects extra motor abnormality wth long term use is tardive dyskanisia (in
voluntary movement of lips n toungue)
-second genration medications dont have stron side effecrs or as many suuch