Response spectrum-STAADPRO

1. I want to analyze my model for a response spectrum in X ! and " directions. I

am specifyin# all t$e % direction factors as 1.& ... Is my correct approach correct?
'. In t$e output file of a response spectrum analysis t$ere is t$e section t$at s$ows
t$e mass participation factors in t$e ( y and z directions. T$en it s$ows t$e )*ase
s$ear) in all % directions. +$at is t$e reference point for t$is, I mean does Staad
select a )*ase) or is t$e -alue .ust t$e sum of all forces in t$at particular direction,
%. T$is is a /uestion dealin# wit$ response spectrum analysis. I 0now t$at if a force
is applied in t$e response spectrum load case it will *e con-erted to a mass t$at
will in turn affect t$e modal response. 1y /uestion is will t$at input force still *e
applied as a static force in t$e analysis, Or would I $a-e to apply t$e force in a
different load case to account for it,
2. I am currently wor0in# on a seismic model w$ic$ re/uires a response spectrum
input.
+$at I am findin# is t$at re#ardless of t$e -alue I specify for dampin# t$e
displacements and forces appear t$e same. Is t$is ri#$t,
3. I am attemptin# to run a spectral analysis of a structure. I $a-e a desi#n spectrum
in terms of 4#round acceleration and i am tryin# to determine $ow t$e scale
factor wor0s. 5ould you direct me on w$at t$e scale factor is, Also s$ould I *e
enterin# t$e 4 #round acceleration into t$e c$art or t$e actual acceleration,
6. I need to 0now $ow to input t$e missin# mass correction command as too muc$
mass is missin# e-en after increasin# t$e num*er of modes.
7. As I understand T$e Raylei#$ met$od is used for natural 8re/uency calculations
9first mode only: in t$e command 5A;5<;AT= >AT<RA; 8R=?<=>5! @
also in t$e command D=8I>= <A5 ;OAD or 1BC% load. +$ereas t$e matri(
met$od of iteration 9li0e Staddola met$od: is used in t$e Response Specterum
met$od of analysis . Does t$is mean t$e -alues w$ic$ we #ot *y define 1BC% load
or 5alculate natural fre/uency are wron#,
B. T$e natural fre/uencies o*tained durin# a Response Spectrum Analysis do not
matc$ t$e -alues calculated usin# t$e 5A;5<;AT= RA!;=IDE 8R=?<=>5!
command. +$y is t$at,
C. Are t$e .oint displacements 9Inc$ Radians: reported in e(ample 11 t$e static
displacements, If t$ese are amplitudes 9for e(ample at .oint 3 for load case ' X
trans F 1.C2%B2 inc$: doesn)t t$at mean t$is .oint is failin# in amplitude since it is
-ery $i#$,
1&. In a response spectrum analysis t$e *ase s$ear does not matc$ t$e summation of
s$ears I #et at t$e *ase of t$e columns. +$ic$ one s$ould I use as *ase s$ear ,
11. I am doin# a response spectrum analysis and #ettin# an error G>o unsupported
masses entered ...G. +$at is t$e pro*lem ,
1'. Please find attac$ed a file w$ic$ is t$e model wit$ t$e =uro Spectrum. In t$e *o(
HDesi#n Dround AccelerationI I put &.&73 w$ic$ is t$e a# -alue. ?uestionJ Is t$is
-alue t$e correct -alue to input in t$is *o( or it s$ould multiplied *y # F
C.B1mKsec'
1%. Is it possi*le to sa-e t$e floor spectrum data t$at is calculated *y STAAD.Pro in a
te(t or .(ls( file ,
1. I want to analyze my model for a response spectrum in X, Y
and Z directions. I am specifying all the 3 direction factors
as 1.0.
SPECTRUM SRSS X 1 Y 1 Z 1 ACC SCALE 32.2 AMP !.!"
! !.3#"$ !.%%1 !.3#"$ !.& !.33#"$ 1 !.32%$ 1.1 !.3$ 1.2 !.2#$ 1.3 !.2'#"
1.' !.2'$ 1." !.232"$ 1."&2 !.21#"
Is my correct approach correct?
If t$e direction factors for X ! and z are all specified as 1 it indicates an eart$/ua0e of
full intensity in all % directions simultaneously. T$is is an unli0ely scenario. An
eart$/ua0e w$ic$ is occurin# at its full intensity alon# X cannot act wit$ full intensity in
! and " also at t$e same time.
Instead you ou#$t to $a-e % separate load cases wit$ t$e spectrum applied in eac$ of
t$ose % and t$e direction factors *ein# XF1!F&"F& for t$e first case XF&!F1"F& for
t$e second case and XF&!F& and "F1 for t$e t$ird case as s$own *elow.
;OAD 2 SP=5TR<1 I> X-DIR=5TIO>
S=;8+=IDET X 1.&
S=;8+=IDET ! 1.&
S=;8+=IDET " 1.&
LOI>T ;OAD
1& 8X 17.3
1& 8! 17.3
1& 8" 17.3
SP=5TR<1 SRSS X 1.& A55 S5A;= %'.'
& &.%73M &.BB1 &.%73M &.C &.%%73M 1 &.%'BM 1.1 &.%M 1.' &.'7M 1.% &.'273
1.2 &.'2M 1.3 &.'%'3M 1.3C' &.'173
;OAD 3 SP=5TR<1 I> !-DIR=5TIO>
SP=5TR<1 SRSS ! 1.& A55 S5A;= %'.'
& &.%73M &.BB1 &.%73M &.C &.%%73M 1 &.%'BM 1.1 &.%M 1.' &.'7M 1.% &.'273
1.2 &.'2M 1.3 &.'%'3M 1.3C' &.'173
;OAD 6 SP=5TR<1 I> !-DIR=5TIO>
SP=5TR<1 SRSS ! 1.& A55 S5A;= %'.'
& &.%73M &.BB1 &.%73M &.C &.%%73M 1 &.%'BM 1.1 &.%M 1.' &.'7M 1.% &.'273
1.2 &.'2M 1.3 &.'%'3M 1.3C' &.'173
Do to Eelp - 5ontents - Tec$nical Reference - 5ommands and Input Instructions -
;oadin# Specification - Dynamic ;oadin# Specification - Response Spectrum
Specification for more details.
2. In the output file of a response spectrum analysis, there is
the section that shows the mass participation factors in the
, y, and z directions. !hen it shows the "#ase shear" in all 3
directions. $hat is the reference point for this% I mean,
does &taad select a "#ase" or is the 'alue (ust the sum of all
forces in that particular direction%
=ac$ mode $as a *ase s$ear t$at comes from t$e modal displacement at eac$ .oint wit$
mass in t$e direction *ein# e(cited *y t$e *ase acceleration and t$e input spectral
acceleration and t$e modal fre/uency. T$ese modal *ase s$ears are com*ined *y SRSS or
any ot$er met$od in STAAD t$at you select. In effect all supported .oint directions form
t$e *ase w$ere t$e displacement of e-ery mode is zero.
3. !his is a )uestion dealing with response spectrum analysis. I
*now that if a force is applied in the response spectrum load
case, it will #e con'erted to a mass that will in turn affect
the modal response. +y )uestion is, will that input force
still #e applied as a static force in the analysis% ,r, would I
ha'e to apply the force in a different load case to account
for it%
Response spectrum analysis is a dynamic analysis *ased on #round motion spectral
acceleration. T$e acceleration usually -aries wit$ t$e period. Since t$ere is no direct input
for masses w$at you are enterin# as forces are wei#$ts and STAAD e(tracts masses
from t$ose wei#$ts. Eence t$e same wei#$t -alue s$ould *e entered in all % #lo*al
directions for #eneral space structures in order to #et t$e natural modes and fre/uencies
correctly.
T$e response spectrum result will *e an a*solute unsi#ned -alue for eac$ output /uantity
w$ic$ represents t$e ma(imum -alue for t$at /uantity. Aecause of t$is t$e 6
forceKmoments at eac$ end of a *eam will all *e positi-e. Also #i-en t$e mem*er
forcesKmoments on one end you cannot compute t$ose results on t$e ot$er end *ecause
t$e -alues are considered independent muc$ t$e same as if t$ese were pea0 -alues in time
$istory t$at all occurred at different times.
If you want static loadin# results com*ined wit$ spectrum results t$en use load
com*inations possi*ly wit$ t$e SRSS option.
-. I am currently wor*ing on a seismic model which re)uires a
response spectrum input.
$hat I am finding is that regardless of the 'alue I specify
for damping, the displacements and forces appear the same.
Is this right%
T$e dampin# factor t$at one specifies in t$e input $as no effect at all if t$e com*ination
met$od is SRSS. 8or t$e SRSS sc$eme t$e effect of dampin# is *uilt into t$e spectrum
-alues 9period -s. acceleration or period -s. displacement: t$at t$e user specifies. In ot$er
words if t$e dampin# factor is f1 t$e acceleration t$at t$e user s$ould pro-ide ou#$t to
*e A1 correspondin# to period T1. If t$e dampin# factor is f' t$e acceleration ou#$t to
*e A' for t$e same period T1. In ot$er words for t$e SRSS met$od t$e effect of
dampin# $as to *e reflected on t$e spectral acceleration or spectral displacement t$at is
*ein# input. T$e dampin# coefficient *y itself does not $a-e a direct impact on t$e
results. It)s effect is indirect.
+it$ t$e 5?5 met$od it is a different story. Dampin# will #enerally $a-e an impact on
t$e results *ecause t$e dampin# factor is an e(plicit term in t$e e/uation used in 5?5.
.. I am attempting to run a spectral analysis of a structure. I
ha'e a design spectrum in terms of /ground acceleration
and i am trying to determine how the scale factor wor*s.
0ould you direct me on what the scale factor is% 1lso should
I #e entering the / ground acceleration into the chart or
the actual acceleration%
T$e spectral accelerations entered after multiplication *y t$e scale factor must *e in t$e
current len#t$ units of t$e STAAD input. 8or e(ample if t$e spectral acceleration is in #)s
94#round acceleration: and t$e current units are inc$es t$en t$e scale factor must *e
%B6.&BBM or %'.17 for feetM or C.B&663 for meters. T$e scale factor is simply t$e
con-ersion factor from t$e units of t$e spectral acceleration to t$e current units of t$e
STAAD input data.
2. I need to *now how to input the missing mass correction
command as too much mass is missing e'en after increasing
the num#er of modes.
T$e answer to your /uestion is a-aila*le in Section 3.%'.1&.1 of t$e STAAD.Pro
Tec$nical Reference manual. Lust use t$e 0eyword 1IS alon# wit$ t$e SP=5TR<1
command. 8or e(ample
SP=5TR<1 5?5 X 1.& A55 DA1P &.&3 S5A;= %'.' 1IS
Please refer to e(ample 11 in t$e =(amples manual for information on t$e commands
re/uired for doin# a response spectrum analysis.
3. 1s I understand !he 4ayleigh method is used for natural
5re)uency calculations 6first mode only7 in the command
0180981!: ;1!9418 54:<9:;0Y = also in the
command >:5I;: 9?0 8,1> or 1@A3 load. $hereas the
matri method of iteration 6li*e &taddola method7 is used in
the 4esponse &pecterum method of analysis . >oes this
mean the 'alues which we got #y define 1@A3 load or
0alculate natural fre)uency are wrong%
It is not true t$at t$e lowest fre/uency is t$e one w$ic$ is associated wit$ si#nificant
amount of participation of t$e masses of t$e model. T$at may *e true of structures w$ic$
loo0 li0e a cantile-er. Aut if t$e spatial distri*ution of masses is e(tensi-e t$ere is no
#uarantee t$at t$e fundamental mode is t$e most critical mode.
T$e statement t$at t$e Raylei#$ fre/uency is associated wit$ t$e first mode of t$e
structure too is not correct.
A structure $as se-eral modes of -i*ration. If t$e structure were free to -i*rate t$e modes
of -i*ration will follow t$e ascendin# order of strain ener#y. 5onse/uently if ! is t$e
wea0est direction of t$e structure a ! direction mode will *e t$e first mode. If t$e ne(t
wea0est direction is " t$en t$e second mode will *e a " direction mode. Structures $a-e
local modes w$ere a small re#ion wit$in t$e model -i*rates w$ile t$e rest of t$e model
remains stationary. It is entirely possi*le t$at a local mode is t$e lowest ener#y mode.
In many cases torsional modes $appen to *e t$e lowest modes. ;ocal and torsional
modes are associated wit$ ne#li#i*le mass participation. !ou s$ould loo0 at t$e mode
s$apes of all t$e modes to #et a sense of all t$e ma.or -i*ration modes.
Since w$en usin# t$e Raylei#$ met$od one tends to load t$e structure in a manner w$ic$
#enerally resem*les a lar#e mass participation mode t$ere is no sense in comparin# t$e
Raylei#$ fre/uency wit$ t$e lowest fre/uency from t$e ei#ensolution. Instead you $a-e
to try to compare t$e displaced s$ape of t$e model used in t$e Raylei#$ calculations wit$
t$e -arious modes from ei#ensolution until you find a mode s$ape w$ic$ resem*les t$e
displaced s$ape. +$en you do find a matc$ you will find t$at t$e Raylei#$ fre/uency
will *e similar in -alue to t$e fre/uency of t$e matc$in# mode.
If you do not li0e t$e fre/uency *ein# used in t$e IS 1BC% load #eneration w$ic$ is
Raylei#$ *ased t$ere is an option in STAAD for t$e user to pro-ide $isK$er own -alue of
t$e fre/uency. T$is is done usin# t$e PX and P" options as in t$e followin# e(ample.
"O>= &.&3 N 1.& I 1.& A 1.& PX &.2 P" &.B
T$e -alues you pro-ide for PX and P" will *e used in place of t$e one calculated *y t$e
Raylei#$ met$od.
@. !he natural fre)uencies o#tained during a 4esponse
&pectrum 1nalysis do not match the 'alues calculated using
the 0180981!: 41Y8:IBC 54:<9:;0Y command.
$hy is that%
In STAAD t$ere are ' met$ods for o*tainin# t$e fre/uencies of a structure.
1. T$e Raylei#$ met$od usin# t$e 5A;5<;AT= RA!;=IDE 8R=?<=>5!
command
'. T$e ela*orate met$od w$ic$ in-ol-es e(tractin# ei#en-alues from a matri( *ased
on t$e structure stiffness and lumped masses in t$e model.
T$e Raylei#$ met$od in STAAD is a one-iteration appro(imate met$od from w$ic$ a
sin#le fre/uency is o*tained. It uses t$e displaced s$ape of t$e model to o*tain t$e
fre/uency. >eedless to say it is e(tremely important t$at t$e displaced s$ape t$at t$e
calculation is *ased on resem*le one of t$e -i*ration modes. If one is interested in t$e
fundamental mode t$e loadin# on t$e model s$ould cause it to displace in a manner
w$ic$ resem*les t$e fundamental mode. 8or e(ample t$e fundamental mode of -i*ration
of a tall *uildin# would *e a cantile-er style mode w$ere t$e *uildin# sways from side to
side wit$ t$e *ase remainin# stationary. T$e type of loadin# w$ic$ creates a displaced
s$ape w$ic$ resem*les t$is mode is a lateral force suc$ as a wind force. Eence if one
were to use t$e Raylei#$ met$od t$e loads w$ic$ s$ould *e applied are lateral loads not
-ertical loads.
8or t$e ei#ensolution met$od t$e user is re/uired to specify all t$e masses in t$e model
alon# wit$ t$e directions t$ey are capa*le of -i*ratin# in. If t$is data is correctly
pro-ided t$e pro#ram e(tracts as many modes as t$e user re/uests 9default -alue is 6: in
ascendin# order of strain ener#y. T$e mode s$apes can *e -iewed #rap$ically to -erify
t$at t$ey ma0e sense.
T$us t$e answer to t$e /uestion is J If you want to use t$e Raylei#$ met$od ma0e sure
you pro-ide t$e ri#$t type of loadin#. If t$e load you apply causes an ar*itrary displaced
s$ape w$ic$ $as no resem*lance to t$e -i*ration mode you are interested in t$e
fre/uency -alue you #et will *e wron#.
A. 1re the (oint displacements 6Inch, 4adians7 reported in
eample 11 the static displacements% If these are amplitudes
6for eample, at (oint . for load case 2, X trans D 1.A-3@-
inch7 doesn"t that mean this (oint is failing in amplitude
since it is 'ery high%
8or spectrum load cases t$ey are t$e a*solute ma(imum displacement t$at t$ose de#rees
of freedom will e-er e(perience under t$e dynamic loadin# w$ic$ t$at spectrum
represents. In t$is e(ample $owe-er t$e num*ers are so lar#e only *ecause t$e spectrum
used is rat$er unrealistic. T$e spectral acceleration for mode 1 is '.B# w$ic$ is unli0ely
e-en in t$e most intense eart$/ua0e.
10. In a response spectrum analysis, the #ase shear does not
match the summation of shears I get at the #ase of the
columns. $hich one should I use as #ase shear %
4elated )uery E In a response spectrum analysis,
summation of the support reactions does not match the #ase
shear reported. $hich one should I use as #ase shear %
T$e one t$at t$e software reports as t$e *ase s$ear is t$e correct -alue to use. T$e
column s$ears 9 or support reactions : reported are all indi-idual ma(imums and may not
occur at t$e same instant of time. T$ere is a $i#$ pro*a*ility t$at at t$e instant w$en t$e
*ase s$ear is ma(imum some of t$e column s$ears 9 or support reactions : will *e less
t$an t$eir indi-idual pea0 -alues. 1oreo-er t$e met$od used for modal com*ination #ets
rid of si#ns and $ence column s$ears 9 support reactions : li0e any ot$er response
spectrum output would *e de-oid of any si#n. Eence one cannot add t$ese up to arri-e at
t$e *ase s$ear.
11. I am doing a response spectrum analysis and getting an
error F;o unsupported masses entered ...F. $hat is the
pro#lem %
T$ere are % t$in#s you need to c$ec0
1. !ou $a-e not defined any seismic masses as part of your seismic load case. !ou need
to add t$ese as loads and t$e software internally con-erts t$ese to masses. !ou may refer
to section 3.%'.1&.1.1 of t$e Tec$nical Reference 1anual for details. T$ere is an e(ample
11 pro-ided wit$ t$e software w$ic$ can also *e referred to.
'. !ou may $a-e included Self wei#$t as part of t$e seismic mass definition *ut t$e
density of t$e material you $a-e used may $a-e *een set to &.
%. All nodes in your model are restrained from -i*ratin# due to supports. !ou may need to
#enerate additional nodes so t$at t$ere are some free masses in your structure t$at can
-i*rate.
12. Glease find attached a file, which is the model with the :uro
&pectrum. In the #o H>esign Bround 1ccelerationI I put
0.03. which is the ag 'alue. <uestionE Is this 'alue the
correct 'alue to input in this #o or it should multiplied #y
g D A.@1mJsec2 %
In STAAD =urocode BJ'&&2 implementation if you $a-e specified &.&73 in t$e *o(
desi#nated to specify t$e Desi#n Dround Acceleration t$e en#ine ta0es t$at -alue as
&.&73# for calculations. It automatically multiplies t$at -alue wit$ t$e acceleration due to
#ra-ity.
13. Is it possi#le to sa'e the floor spectrum data that is
calculated #y &!11>.Gro in a tet or .ls file%%
5lic0 at t$e top left corner of t$e floor spectra ta*le as s$own in t$e attac$ed screens$ot.
It will $i#$li#$t all t$e contents of t$e ta*le. Press 5trl-5 on your 0ey*oard to copy.
Open a *lan0 >otepad file. Type 5trl-O for paste.
.