I Ðû¦è[ª-
Sasank: Where is your brother, Radha?
(ô¦ëů, Oª vñë]ô ÓÚÛ\è[?)
Radha: He coming slowly. I seen him a few
minutes ago.
(ÍêŸìª Eë¯-ìÙÞ¥ ÷ú£ªh-û¦oè[ª. Ú•Cl ENª-
ÿ§õ Ú¨Ùë]å ÍêŸè…E àŸ«ø‹)
Sasank: Look here, Radha. Your words, 'He
coming slowly', and 'I seen him a
few minutes ago' are not sentences
because there are no verbs in them,
they don't have complete meaning.
(F ÷«åö˺x 'he coming slowly', 'I
seen him a few minutes ago'
verbs
î¦Ú¥uõª Ú¥÷±. î¦æ¨ö˺x ö¶÷±.
î¦æ¨Ú¨ Íô¢nÙ í£²Jh Ú¥ö¶ë]ª ÚÛë¯)
Radha: But 'coming' and 'seen' are verbs.
Why to doubt that?
(coming, seen verbs ÚÛë¯?, Íìª-
÷«ìÙ ë¶EÚ¨?)
Sasank: 'coming' is only an 'ing' form, and
'seen' is just a past participle. In our
Íô¢nÙ ÍÙê¦ ÍÙë]ªö˺û¶!
last article, we have seen the six
forms of verbs.
a) 'be' form + ing form is a verb
b) 'be' form/ have/ has/ will have/
shall have etc + past participle is
a verb.
(coming Íû¶C ¸Ú÷õÙ 'ing' form, +
seen Íû¶C past participle- ing
form ÷³Ùë]ª 'be' form ÑÙç¶ verb
Í÷±-
꟪ÙC. + past participle÷³Ùë]ª 'be'
form Ú¥F have/ has/ had/ shall have
÷Ùæ¨N ÑÙç¶ verbÍ÷±-꟪ÙC. Ï÷Fo
÷ªìÙ Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ î¦uú£Ùö˺ àŸ«ø‹Ù.)
Radha: So, you say a sentence in English
must have a verb- one of the six
forms we saw in last article.
(ÍÙç¶English sentence correct Þ¥
ÑÙè¯-õÙç¶ ÞœêŸ î¦uú£Ùö˺ N÷-JÙ-#ìåªxÞ¥
verb Îô¢ªô¢«ð§ö˺x ÖÚÛæ¨Þ¥ ÑÙè¯L.)
Sasank: That's right
(Í÷±ìª)
Ú¨ÙCî¦æ¨ö˺x correct verbs ìª ÞœªJhÙ-àŸÙè….
verb correct Íô³ê¶ brackets ö˺ (c) ô¦óŸªÙè….
êŸí£p-ô³ê¶ (w) šíådÙè…. verb form correct Ú¥ÚÛ-
ð¼ê¶, correct verb formô¦óŸªÙè…. verb correct
Íô³ê¶ ÍC Ô form verb Í÷±-꟪ÙëÁ ô¦óŸªÙè….
eg:
1) He was do it (W)
He was doing it (C)
He did it.
2) She looking at it (W)
She is/was/any be form looking at it. (C)
3) They have seen me (C)
(have + past participle)
Exercise:
1. They know me.
2. She seen him.
3. They are take coffee.
4. She will help him.
5. The snake been killed.
6. The book stolen.
7. The class going on.
8. We known him.
9. They saw him yesterday.
10. The snake has been killed.
Answers:
1. (C) I Regular Doing Word.
2. (W) Correct form: She has/ will have/
would have + seen him
3. (W) Correct form: They are taking cof-
fee.
øŒEî¦ô¢Ù 30 Vöµj 2005
4. (C)
5. (W) Correct form: The snake has
been/had been/will have been (any
such 'be' form) + killed.
6. (W) Correct form: The book is/ was/
has/ been (any be form) + stolen
7. (W) Correct form: The class is/ was/ will
be going on.
8. (W) Correct form: We have/ had/ will
have etc. + known him
9. (C) - Past Doing Word
10. (C) - has been + killed (PP) - Passive vÚÛ÷ªÙ-êŸ-í£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ ÑÙè[-è¯Eo Ú¥F àµñªê¦ô³. õìª êµL›í verbs - like, love etc.)
voice am- I êÁ; he, she, it- is êÁ; you, we, II) verbs expressing actions of the mind.
verbs ÚÛ·ô-ÚÂdÞ¥ form à¶ú‡-ì-í£±pè¶ ÷ªì sen- they- are êÁ ÷þ§hô³. (÷ªì ñªClÄÚ¨, Îö˺-àŸ-ìõÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì
tences II) was, were ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[-è¯Eo àµñªê¦ô³. verbs - know, understand etc.)
ÚÛ·ô-ÚÛd-÷±-ê¦ô³ ÚÛë¯. ÏÙêŸ÷ô¢ÚÛ« ÷ªìÙ
III) shall be, will be òÅ¡N-ù£u-꟪hö˺ ÑÙè[è¯Eo
û¶ô¢ªaÚÛªìo-ë¶Ùæ¨? III) certain other verbs like appear, belong
a) subject - sentence ë¶EE ÞœªJÙ# àµñª-êÁÙëÁ
àµñªê¦ô³. etc.
IV) have been (I, We, You, TheyêÁ), has
ÍC. been (he, she, itêÁ) ÞœêŸÙö˺ Óí£pæ¨
b) Verb - sentence ö˺ subject êŸô¦yêŸ Ô
÷«-å/-÷«-åõª ö¶ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶ sentence ÑÙè[ëÁ ìªÙàÁ, Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛªÞ¥E, ÏÙÚ¥-Þ¥F ÑÙè[-
ÍC/-ÍN verb. è¯Eo àµñªê¦ô³.
šíj÷Fo ÑÙè[-è¯Eo ൛íp 'be' forms.
c) English verb six forms ö˺ ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ form f) subject action
ඛú í£ìª-õìª êµLóŸª-⶛ú î¦æ¨E
ö˺ ÑÙè¯L. words ÍÙæ°Ù. Oæ¨ö˺x1st Regular Doing
d) English ö˺ statement ÚÛª (ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ Words (come, go, take, sit verbs - I,
ö°Ùæ¨
Nù£óŸªÙ ൛íp sentence) , question ÚÛª we, you, they 2nd Regular
êÁ î¦è[ê¦Ù),
order of words ö˺ à¦ö° ê¶è¯ ÑÙåªÙC. Doing Words (comes, goes, takes, sits
i) Statement structure: subject + verb ö°Ùæ¨ verbs - He,
Oæ¨E
ii) Question structure: She, It êÁ î¦è[ê¦Ù)
1) verb + subject vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ áJ¸Þ
Regular Actions ÚÛª Ñí£-
óµ«-Tþ§hÙ. There are no verbs in your sentences
i) 1st Regular Doing
Word Question
ìª ö˺ IV) verbs of sense perception.
ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 25
not
Þ¥E, êÁÞ¥F î¦è…ê¶ (ò°›ï°uÙvCóŸ«õ í£ìª-õÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ# am/
do ÷ú£ªhÙC. M. SURESAN is/ are ing ÑÙè[÷±. am/ is/ are looking,
ii) 2nd Regular Doing listening î¦è[-÷àŸªa.)
2) 1st word of the verb + subject + Word Question
ìª not ö˺ޥE, êÁÞ¥F V) have ÚÛª Aìè[Ù/ ê¦Þœè[Ù Íô¢nÙ Íô³ê¶ am
other words of the verb. (verb ö˺ î¦è…ê¶does ÷ú£ªhÙC. having/ is having/ are having î¦è[÷àŸªa.
g) Past Doing Words (came, went, took, sat
·ôÙè[ª ÷´è[ª ÷«å-õªÙç¶...) NªÞœê¦ Íô¦n-õêÁ am/ is/ are having î¦è[Ù.
Questions ·ôÙè[ª ô¢Ú¥õª:
ö°Ùæ¨ verbs) ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ôçµj-îªö˺ áJ-TÙD êµL›úh Bath ÚÛª am/ is/ are having î¦è[ê¦Ù.
Íåª-÷Ùæ¨ í£ìª-õÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù.
1) 'Wh' questions- what, when, etc., Past Doing Word ìª not êÁÞ¥E, Question i) English verbs six forms ö˺ ÑÙæ°ô³. Î
êÁ
vð§ô¢Ù-òÅ¡÷ªó¶ªuN. êÁÞ¥F î¦è…ê¶ did ÷ú£ªhÙC. six forms ö˺ ö¶E î¦æ¨E verbs ÍìÙ.
2) Non 'wh' questions- what, when etc šíjì àµí‡pìî¶ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ Ú•Eo vocabulary items
h) am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing form (be form
ö¶EN. Ô ô¢ÚÛ-iû¦subject ÷³Ùë]ª + ing form) verbs Ïí£±pè[ª áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ êµõªú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ. ÷ªìÙ ëµjìÙ-Cì @N-êŸÙö˺
verb verb
Ú¥E, îµ³ë]-æ¨-÷«å Ú¥F ÑÙè… î¦è¶ ÷ú£ªh-÷±õÚÛª, ÷ªì ÏÙæ¨Ú¨, Cì-àŸ-ô¢uõÚÛª, ÷ªìÚÛª
subject, verb
î¦è[ê¦Ù.
êŸô¦yêŸ Î êŸô¦yêŸ NªÞœê¦ Íô³ê¶ Ïí£±pè[ª áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õìª àµí£p- ÷«÷´-õªÞ¥ ÷à¶a áñªs-õÚÛª, ÏêŸô¢ ò°ëÅ]-õÚÛª, ÷ªì-
÷«åõª ÷þ§hô³. è¯E·Újû¦, Ú•Eo ô¢Ú¥õ verbs ìª am + ing/ is + ÚÛ-ë]-L-ÚÛõÚÛª English ÷«åõª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ.
e) verbs ö˺ ÑÙè[-è¯Eo ൛íp verbs ìª 'be'
ing/ are + ing form ö˺ î¦è[Ù. ÍN– DE-êÁ-ò°åª Ú•Eo principles of pronunciation
forms ÍÙæ°Ù.
I) verbs expressing feelings and emotions. (English Ñà¦a-ô¢é ú£«vê¦õª) ÚÛ«è¯ êµõªú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ.
I) am, is, are - ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ ÑÙè[-è¯Eo Ú¥E,
(òÅ°î¦-õìª, ÷ªì-ú£ªÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì Nù£-óŸ«-
ví£øŒo: 1) The match is to start. î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ ÷´èÁ î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ ÚÛÙç¶ vð§ô¢Ù- a) ví£ú£ªhêŸÙö˺ ÷«vêŸî¶ª ÑÙå« òÅ¡N-ù£u-êÂö˺
2) The match is going to start. òÅ¡÷ªó¶ªu ÷u÷CÅ êŸÚÛª\÷. ö¶E ú£Ùë¶-Eo ÷uÚÛhí£J-à¶Ù-ë]ªÚÛª 'might'
3) The match is about to start. ví£øŒo: One word substitutions ÍÙç¶ î¦è[ê¦Ù.
Oæ¨ ÷ªëÅ]u ê¶è¯ ÔNªæ¨? Oæ¨E êµõª- eg: Hari might help you.
ÔNªæ¨? Oæ¨E Óö° Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hôÁ
Þœªö˺ Óö° àµð§pL. êµL-óŸª-â¶-óŸª-Þœ-õô¢ª. might E ÓEo (J FÚÛª ú£ï£„óŸªÙ à¶óŸª-÷àŸªa/ à¶þ§h-
– Ú•í£±põ ô¢N-ÚÛª-÷«ôÂ, ÷ô¢Ù-ÞœöËÀ ú£Ùë]-ô¦sÄö˺x Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª? è¶îµ«– ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù)
áî¦ñª: – è…. ô¢OÙ-ë]ô ·ôè…f, áìÞ¥Ù They might leave tomorrow.
1) The match is to start- áî¦ñª: Ú•Eo ÷«åõ ÚÛ«ô¢ªp Ïà¶a Íô¦nEo
DE Íô¢nÙ (î¦üŒ‰x ¸ôí£± îµü‹h-¸ô/ îµüŒx-÷àŸªa –
match vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡ÙÚ¥î¦L/ Í÷±-꟪ÙC êµLóŸªâ¶›ú ÖÚÛ ÷«åìª one word substi-
ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù).
Past ö˺ ú£Ùë¶-Eo ÷uÚÛh-í£-ô¢-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨, 'might'
Ú¥›úqí£æ˺x ÍE. ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª Í÷-ö¶ë]ª ÍE. tute (one word substitution Ú¥ë]ª)
2) The match is about to start- Ú•Cl î¦è[ê¦Ù. Ð Ú¨ÙC î¦æ¨E ð¼õaÙè…–
ÍÙæ°Ù. a) I think he may help me.
¤Ûé°ö˺x match vð§ô¢Ù-òÅ¡-÷ª-÷±êÁÙC ÍE. eg: one who does not believe that god
3) The match is going to start- match exists.
(î¦è[ª û¦ÚÛª ú£ï£„óŸªÙ à¶þ§h-è¶--ìE/
(ë¶÷±-è[ª-û¦o-è[E ì÷ªtE î¦è[ª – û¦ú‡h-
vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡Ù Ú¥ìªÙC. àµóŸªu-÷-àŸaE û¶ì-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åªû¦o.)
ÚÛªè[ª) Ð ÷«åõ îµ³êŸhÙ Íô¦nEo êµL›í Ö¸Ú
·ôÙèÁî¦ÚÛuÙ about to start ö˺ ÷u÷CÅ à¦ö° b) I thought he might help me.
÷«å – atheist (ÓóÀª-CÇ-ô³úÃd). Ú¥ñæ¨d (î¦è[ª û¦ÚÛª ú£ï£„-óŸªÙ- à¶-þ§h-è¶--ìE/
êŸÚÛª\÷. ÏÚÛ\è[ 'atheist' Íû¶C one word substi-
÷´èÁî¦ÚÛuÙö˺ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡Ù Ú¥ò˺-êÁÙC. ·ôÙèÁ tute.
àµóŸªu-÷-àŸaE Íìª-ÚÛªû¦o past).