SWITCHYARD

Switchyard means collection of electrical equipment where high voltage electricity is

switched using of various component. Electrical switchyards are usually part of a substation
where electricity is transformed from one voltage to another for the transmission, distribution.
Or we can say that a switchyard is essentially a hub for electrical power sources. For instance, a
switchyard will exist at a generating station to coordinate the exchange of power between the
generators and the transmission lines in the area. A switchyard will also exist when high voltage
lines need to be converted to lower voltage for distribution to consumers.
herefore a switchyard will contain! current carrying conductors, grounding wires and switches,
transformers, disconnects, remotely controlled arc snuffing brea"ers, metering devices, etc.
A #$%& '(( ") switchyard is designed to evacuation of power generated at the plant. he
contract is a turn"ey contract and is allotted to Siemens. he contractor will do all the detailed
engineering, procurement, testing etc itself and after total completion the Switchyard will be
handed over to #$%&.
he switchyard is designed based on the following codes and standards*
a+ ,S-.(../, %art-0* #ode of practice for selection installation and maintenance of
switchgear and control gear.
b+ #entral 1oard for ,rrigation 2 %ower 3#1,%+ - echnical 4anual on &ayout of Substations
c+ ,ndian Electricity 5ules
d+ ,ndian Electricity $rid #ode
he '(( ") system is designed to withstand the lightning impulse voltage of .'67 ")
3pea"+,switching impulse voltage of .(7( ") 3pea"+ and power frequency over voltage of 80(
") 3rms+. 9owever, the lightning impulse voltage for line:bus reactor windings is .0(( ")
3pea"+.he lighting impulse withstand voltage for the outgoing lines is .77( ") 3pea"+
1
he main buses are to carry continuous current of '(((A duly ta"ing into account the designed
ambient conditions, effect of emissivity, solar radiation, proximity 2 s"in effect, etc. 1ay buses
are rated for 67((A. he main bus bars for '(( ") switchyard and connections between
equipments are tubular aluminum conductors according to standard matricides iron pipe si;e
3,%S+ of suitable si;e. he <ac" 1uses are =uad bundle A#S5 4oose #onductors and the
Outgoing lines are riple 1undle A#SS Snowbird #onductors. he switchyard is designed for a
fault level of 7( "A for . sec. and dynamic rating of .67 >a
A creep age distance of 0. mm:") is provided for all switchyard equipment.
One and half 1rea"er Scheme is applied in the Switchyard.
he minimum clearance of %hase to %hase is '((( mm, %hase to Earth is 07(( mm, Sectional
#learance is 87(( mm and minimum $round #learance is /((( mm.
he #orona Excitation )oltage is 06( ") 3 rms+
he 5adio ,nterference voltage at 688") 3rms+ is ?@ 7(( micro volts.
. min %.F. withstand voltage is 80( ") 3 rms+
he '(( ") switchyard consist of following circuits *
Sl. No. Description No. of Circuits
2
. $enerator ransformer 7
6 &ine with Shunt 5eactor '
0 &ine without Shunt 5eactor 6
' 1us 5eactor .
7 1us % 6
8 otal .'
he switchyard is supplied and installed with all equipment:systems and accessories to
ma"e
the switchyard complete in all respects. he switchyard include all the equipment:systems
indicated below but not limited to the following.
'(( >) switchyard equipment 3circuit brea"ers, isolators with 2 without earth switches,
current transformers, capacitor voltage transformers, electromagnetic voltage transformers,
lightning arresters, wave traps, bus bars, insulators 2 hardware, clamps, connectors 2
spacers, bay marshalling boxes, marshalling:Aunction boxes, etc.+
%ower line signaling and communication equipment based on %&## 3%ower &ine #arrier
#ommunication+system
&ine and bus reactors
S#ABA 3Supervisory #ontrol and Bata Acquisition+ system for entire switchyard with bay
control units for each bay including event logging
%rotection panels for all bays:equipment, communication and interfacing panels as required
Stand alone disturbance recorders with associated networ" cabling, %#, 94,, %rinter and
evaluation software
A1 3Availability 1ased ariff+ meters including necessary software 2 hardware for
monitoring on dedicated %#s with suitable networ"ing
.."):'00) dry type service transformers and '.7 ) A# Bistribution 1oard and associated
bus duct
3
'.7 ) Emergency A#B1 and &ighting Bistribution 1oard
66() B# system for protection 2 control, '/) B# system for communication equipment
and C%S system for S#ABA 3including batteries, chargers, inverters, distribution boards,
etc.+
Earthing and direct stro"e lightning protection system for switchyard and switchyard
control building
&ighting system for switchyard and switchyard control building
#abling system for switchyard and control building 3including all power, control 2
instrumentation cables, cable carrier system, etc.+
$ateway interface for transfer of data to S&B# 3State &oad Bispatch #entre+ and 5&B#
35emote &oad Bispatch #entre+
Outdoor "ios"s housing 1#Cs, protection panels, fault disturbance recorders, etc.
Air conditioning and ventilation system for control building and outdoor "ios"s
Fire alarm and detection system
Fire protection system for switchyard and reactors
LAYOUT
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A#S5 bundled stranded conductor will be used for the connection between the
generator transformer gantries and incoming gantries in the switchyard. 4inimum clearance of
.( m will be provided considering movement of crane:truc" etc.
he switchyard will be provided with access ways near the current transformers and circuit
brea"ers and isolators:earth switches.
he cable trenches for the equipment will be run as close to their foundations as possible even
preferably touching.
he switchyard will be enclosed in fence around for safety and to prohibit unauthori;ed persons
from entering. &oc"able gates for personnel entry and equipment will be provided at
convenient locations. he fence provided around switchyard will be of 0((( mm height and at
a minimum distance such that section clearance is available from any live part. he fence will
be suitably earthed as per relevant standards.
he soa" pit and burnt oil pit for the line and bus reactors will be si;ed as per norms indicated
in #1,% 4anual for Fire %rotection of %ower ransformers. he height of the fire barrier wall
for the reactor will be minimum 8(( mm more than the height of the bushing.
Earth mat of suitable si;e with closely spaced earth conductor will be provided below the
operating handle of individual switchyard equipment.
5oads will be provided along the periphery of the switchyard within the fence and all
intermediate roads will be interconnected with the road.
he line gantries will be designed considering the ta"e off location as .7( m from the
switchyard gantry.
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