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Post Engineering, all Engineering students come at crossroads, where they have to make a choice
– a choice that defines their career for the rest of their lives: to choose one amongst the options
of a job, management or M.Tech. The three most widely used options are management, M. Tech
or a job. Given the current situation in India, most of the engineering colleges are not able to give
a 100% placement, which results in the candidate making a choice between management and M.
Tech. This article is about choosing the second option : M.Tech, and the exam that holds the key
to the most important institutes for M.Tech, the GATE.
Why does one choose CAT over GATE or vice versa? To quote the Bible, “A feast is made for
laughter, and wine maketh merry: but money answereth all things”. Most of the students choose
management because they perceive that a management person makes more money than a
research person. This might have been true in the past. But now that companies like Motorola
and Honda are beginning to outsource their R&D to India, the demand for Research oriented
people is on the rise. "Virtually every single global IT major is rapidly expanding its footprint
into India," says Sunil Mehta, vice president, Nasscom. As of now, 100 Fortune 500 companies -
including Delphi, Eli Lilly, General Electric, Hewlett Packard, DaimlerChrysler and others -
have put up R&D facilities in India over the past five years. Considering the scenario, M.Tech is
no longer the underdog. And the number of students giving GATE has been increasing every
year.
One needs to consider factors other than monetary as well before he makes the choice. CAT is
for management, and management means management of people, finance, affairs of a company,
strategizing etc. So people who are good at management, and have interest in pursuing this
should take management as a subject. M.Tech, however, entails a research oriented job or a
faculty position in a university. Down the line, these people may even take up a management
position in a research based enterprise. However, essentially both kinds of careers are for a
completely different persona and interests.
Though the number of GATE aspirants is equal to or probably even more than CAT aspirants, it
has largely been neglected by the media as well as the coaching institutes. Till date, to my
information, there is not a single GATE coaching institute with pan India presence. Check Out
the Freshersworld.com Directory for all the Coaching Institutes in India.
After one makes a choice as to what he would take up as a career, he needs to prepare well for it.
And to prepare well, he needs to know and understand what GATE is all about....
Two friends, Ram and Shyam, are out on a safari in Kenya. En-route they see a vast
stretch of land covered with velvette-ish green layer of grass. They get out of their car,
relax, put off their shoes and start walking bare footed. Suddenly they see a tiger running
towards them. Ram starts running whereas Shyam starts putting on the shoes. Puzzled,
Ram asks Shyam, "Do you think you can outrun the tiger just by have the shoes on?"
Shyam replies back, "I don't need to outrun the tiger. I just need to outrun YOU!"
India has a huge intellectual capital. With so many intelligent brains competing with each other,
percentile/comparative evaluation is the most logical solution for admission to IISc and the IITs,
which in turn have a limited number of seats. With this kind of comparative evaluation, the
institutions are able to simply take the best of the lot and leave the rest. You should be aware that
only 4 out of a thousand students giving GATE get a chance to be interviewed by IITs and the
IISc. The numbers getting admission to these institutions are even lesser. So being good is not
enough. You should be one of the better ones amongst the best.
The sole purpose of GATE is not only to conduct a test for admission but, which is also the
major goal, to identify the suitable engineers/researchers in various areas and make them to
choose their area of choice in which they can pursue their master degree. As you must be
knowing by now, GATE is only organized by IITs and IISc which always try to innovate and
introduce new systems to test the basic knowledge of candidates in various fields.
As a part of that innovation, the previous year GATE papers were fully objective type. This year
also the same pattern is being used, and mathematics added! Although this made the job
relatively easier for the evaluators, the candidates now have a bound choice to cover all the
topics. Being set by the highly qualified faculty, the questions papers are not like a very
traditional one. They always try to test the very basic of candidates in respective areas by
bringing the element of innovation in these papers. It is not surprising that sometimes the
questions are mere applications of basic concepts in their area of research.
Before the marathon begins, the ‘runner’ puts in months, even years, of effort before he
actually runs the race. As the saying goes – get your fundamentals right. GATE is an
exam that tests you on your fundamentals. The questions are generally derivations of the
fundamentals. Preparation for GATE is an ongoing process, and is supposed to happen in
stages. First get your fundamentals right, and then test yourself on those fundamentals.
When you have done this, you should pit yourself with the competition, which means a
mock test which would give you a percentile to let you know where you stand amongst
competitors.
How do you choose which coaching material to go with. This is something that is quite
subjective. A coaching material cannot be assessed until you have gone through it. So, you could
go by the word of your seniors as to what coaching material they followed to prepare for GATE.
Here are some parameters on which you can decide whether you should go for a particular
coaching institute, use a particular coaching material, or tests:
1. Uniqueness in their study material: Study material provided by the coaching institutes is of
little assistance if they are compact copy-paste or rewrite of materials taken from other books. If
the reading of such material doesn’t increase interest and enjoyment then they are not worth it.
There are plenty of standard books on each subject by good authors, which can make your study
enjoyable during preparation.
2. Collection of quality books in their library: During the process of theory conceptualization and
building application capabilities, you need good books, which can really put your brain on
exercise. Check out their library!
3. Flexibility in the Coaching Model: What happens when your pace of learning is much faster or
slower than the average? Is there any mechanism by which the model can identify exactly where
you need help and provide the same? Is it possible in that coaching model to minimize the
wastage of your time?
4. Quality of questions discussed: Number of questions discussed is not that important. By
discussing and solving 10-15 conceptual questions on each topic you can build a good
application capability. On the other hand solving many tricky non-conceptual questions will
simply waste your time.
5. Tests and evaluation model: How is the progress of your preparation tested and analyzed? To
what extent the feedback helps in identifying the areas for further work? Here I must say that this
is the most crucial part of the preparation. This is the area where most of the students fail due to
lack of proper test materials which can help them to build in themselves a real-test-like
environment and temperament. Once you are able to choose the correct assistance for your
GATE journey, it will be an enjoying and thrilling experience.
Here are some things apart from working on your engineering concepts, that you should do for a
complete preparation for GATE:
1. Solve previous years’ GATE papers: Solving previous years’ papers gives you a fair idea of
what the actual paper would be like. It also brushes up your basics and exposes your ‘areas of
improvement’.
2. Solve test papers: Solve as many test papers as possible. This actually is the best way to keep
improving as you prepare for GATE.
3. Analyze : Analyzing your test results is a very important part of taking the test. If you do not
analyze, the test does not add value. You should minutely analyze and define as to where you
could have scored more; analyze your accuracy rates in various topics and maintain a topic wise
datasheet which lists your performance topic wise for different test papers.
4. Simulate actual test environment : This is very important. The actual test happens in a
classroom, and is timed. When you take up the test, switch off your cell phone, have a timer
which times your tests, and avoid taking any breaks. Also, if possible, take up a mock test series
which enables you to take the test in a classroom environment.
GATE Results
The GATE result will be announced on March 15, 2009 at 10000 hrs. at GATE offices of IITs/
IISc.
GATE scorecard
• Scorecard will be sent only to the qualified candidates. No information will be sent to
candidates who are not qualified.
• The GATE scorecard is a valuable document. Care should be taken to preserve it.
Additional scorecards (upto a maximum of two) will be issued on payment basis
only once.
• The scorecard cannot be treated as a proof of date of birth, category and disability
status.
• The scorecard will indicate GATE score and rank of the qualified candidates.
GATE score
• The GATE score of a candidate is in the range 0 to 1000. It reflects the performance
of a candidate, irrespective of the GATE paper or year in which he/she has
qualified. Candidates with same GATE score from different GATE papers and/or
years can be considered to have the same performance level.
• The marks obtained by the candidate is normalized on the basis of the average and
standard deviation of marks of all candidates who appeared in the paper mentioned
on the scorecard in GATE 2009. Subsequently, this is scaled with respect to the
global average and global standard deviation so as to facilitate performance
comparison across GATE papers and over a block of years since GATE 2005.
GATE SCORE = ,
where
= marks obtained by the candidate.
= average of marks of all candidates who appeared in the paper mentioned on this
years (2005-2008)
= standard deviation (global) of marks of all candidates who appeared across all
Consider the following program segment for a hypothetical CPU having three user registers Rl,
R2 and R3.
A) 29 B) 24
Options
C) 23 D) 20
Correct
B
Answer
2 The order of an internal node in a B+ tree index is the maximum number of children it can have.
Suppose that a child pointer takes 6 bytes, the search field value takes 14 bytes, and the block
size is 512 bytes. What is the order of the internal node?
A) 24 B) 25
Options
C) 26 D) 27
Correct
C
Answer
In an MxN matrix such that all non-zero entries are covered in a rows and b columns. Then the
4
maximum number of non-zero entries, such that no two are on the same row or column, is
B) ≤ max {a,
A) ≤ a + b
b}
Options
C) ≤ min {M-a, N-
D) ≤ min {a, b}
b}
Correct
A
Answer
The relation scheme Student Performance (name, courseNo, rollNo, grade) has the following
functional dependencies:
name, courseNo → grade
5 rollNo, courseNo → grade
name → rollNo
rollNo → name
The highest normal form of this relation scheme is
Correct
A
Answer
The minimum number of page frames that must be allocated to a running process in a virtual
6
memory environment is determined by
A) the instruction set architecture B) page size
Options
C) physical memory size D) number of processes in memory
Correct
D
Answer
Consider the following program segment for a hypothetical CPU having three user registers Rl,
R2 and R3.
A) 1007 B) 1020
Options
C) 1024 D) 1028
Correct
A
Answer
Let G be a simple graph with 20 vertices and 100 edges. The size of the minimum vertex cover
8
of G is 8. Then, the size of the maximum independent set of G is
A) 12 B) 8
Options
C) Less than 8 D) More than 12
Correct
A
Answer
What does the following algorithm approximate? (Assume m > 1, ∈ > 0).
x = m;
y-i;
while (x - y > ∈)
9
{ x = (x + y) / 2 ;
y = m/x ;
}
print (x) ;
B)
2
A) log m m
Options
C) m1/2 D) m1/3
Correct
C
Answer
Consider the following C program
main ()
{ int x, y, m, n ;
scanf ("%d %d", &x, &y);
/ * Assume x > 0 and y > 0 * /
m = x; n = y ;
10 while ( m ! = n)
{ if (m > n)
m = m — n;
else
n=n-m;}
printf("%d",n); }
The program computes
A) x + y, using repeated subtraction B) x mod y using repeated subtraction
Options
C) the greatest common divisor of x and y D) the least common multiple of x and y
Correct
C
Answer
11 The best data structure to check whether an arithmetic expression has balanced parentheses is a
A) queue B) stack
Options
C) tree D) list
Correct
B
Answer
A) The number of leaf nodes in the tree B) The number of nodes in the tree
Options
C) The number of internal nodes in the tree D) The height of the tree
Correct
D
Answer
An organization has a class B network and wishes to form subnets for 64 departments. The
14
subnet mask would be
A) 255.255.0.0 B) 255.255.64.0
Options
C) 255.255.128.0 D) 255.255.252.0
Correct
D
Answer
Suppose the round trip propagation delay for a 10 Mbps Ethernet having 48-bit jamming signal
15
is 46.4 µ s. The minimum frame size is:
A) 94 B) 416
Options
C) 464 D) 512
Correct
C
Answer
Correct
A
Answer
C) m1/2 D) m1/3
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
C
Answer
A circuit outputs a digit in the form of 4 bits. 0 is represented by 0000,1 by 0001,..., 9 by 1001.
A combinational circuit is to be designed which takes these 4 bits as input and outputs 1 if the
4
digit ³ 5, and 0 otherwise. If only AND, OR and NOT gates may be used, what is the minimum
number of gates required?
A) 2 B) 3
Options
C) 4 D) 5
Your (Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
C
Answer
If 73x (in base-x number system) is equal to 54y (in base-y number system), the possible values of
5
x and y are
A) 8, 16 B) 10, 12
Options
C) 9, 13 D) 8, 11
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
D
Answer
In a packet switching network, packets are routed from source to destination along a single path
6 having two intermediate nodes. If the message size is 24 bytes and each packet contains a header
of 3 bytes, then the optimum packet size is
A) 4 B) 6
Options
C) 7 D) 9
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
D
Answer
Consider the following program fragment for reversing the digits in a given integer to obtain a
new integer. Let n = d1d2... dm.
int n, rev;
rev = 0;
7 while (n > 0) {
rev = rev * 10 + n % 10 ;
n = n/10;
}
The loop invariant condition at the end of the ith iteration is:
A) n = d1d2... dm-i and rev = dmdm-1….dm-i+1 B) n = dm-i+1...dm-1dm (or) rev = dm-i...d2d1
Options
C) n ≠ rev D) n = d1d2...dm (or) rev = dm...d2d1
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
A
Answer
Consider the following program segment for a hypothetical CPU having three user registers Rl,
R2 and R3.
A) 29 B) 24
Options
C) 23 D) 20
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
B
Answer
Consider three decision problems P1, P2 and P3. It is known that P1 is decidable and P2 is
11
undecidable. Which one of the following is TRUE?
A) P3 is decidable if P1 is reducible to P3 B) P3 is undecidable if P3 is reducible to P2
Options C) P3 is undecidable if P2 is reducible to D) P3 is decidable if P3 is reducible to P2s
P3 complement
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
A
Answer
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
D
Answer
15 How many distinct binary search trees can be created out of 4 distinct keys?
A) 5 B) 14
Options
C) 24 D) 42
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
B
Answer
Given the following input (4322, 1334, 1471, 9679, 1989, 6171, 6173, 4199) and the hash
function x mod 10, which of the following statements are true ?
(i) 9679, 1989, 4199 hash to the same value
16
(ii) 1471, 6171 hash to the same value
(iii) All elements hash to the same value
(iv) Each element hashes to a different value
A) (i) only B) (ii) only
Options
C) (i) and (ii) only D) (iii) or (iv)
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
C
Answer
17 Packets of the same session may be routed through different paths in
A) TCP, but not UDP B) TCP and UDP
Options
C) UDP, but not TCP D) Neither TCP, nor UDP
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
B
Answer
The following numbers are inserted into an empty binary search tree in the given order: 10, 1, 3,
18 5, 15, 12, 16. What is the height of the binary search tree (the height is the maximum distance of
a leaf node from the root)?
A) 2 B) 3
Options
C) 4 D) 6
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
B
Answer
Postorder traversal of a given binary search tree, T produces the following sequence of keys
10, 9, 23, 22, 27, 25, 15, 50, 95, 60, 40, 29
19
Which one of the following sequences of keys can be the result of an inorder traversal of the tree
T?
A) 9, 10, 15, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 40, 50, 60, 95 B) 9, 10, 15, 22, 40, 50, 60, 95, 23, 25, 27, 29
Options
C) 29, 15, 9, 10, 25, 22, 23, 27, 40, 60, 50, 95 D) 95, 50, 60, 40, 27, 23, 22, 25, 10, 9, 15, 29
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
A
Answer
Let f: B → C and g: A → B be two functions and let h = f o g. Given that h is an onto function.
20
Which one of the following is TRUE?
A) f and g should both be onto functions. B) f should be onto but g need not be onto
Options
C) g should be onto but f need not be onto D) both f and g need not be onto
Your
(Not Answered)
Answer
Correct
B
Answer
GATE - Preparation Tips
1.Material Collection
• Syllabus
• All the relevant books based on the subject(Divide the books in two groups - (1)
Fundamental and basic concepts (2) Problem oriented
• Some books helpful for pre-requisite knowledge on the subject
• Some good guide books for GATE
• Previous questions papers
2.Keep contact with some expert and GATE experienced persons
3.Study - Syllabus and Previous questions papers
4.Start from the first chapter
• read at least 5 books, it will widen your knowledge(if necessary consult with the books
for pre-requisite knowledge or with some expert)
• Note down the probable concepts(definitions, unit, dimension etc.)
• Note down necessary theories, formulae etc
• Solve problems as maximum as possible(from text books, Guide books etc)
• Think about various tricks in solving problems(if necessary, note it)
• Go for series of self tests based on this chapter(take other's help to conduct tests)
• Continue the self tests until getting a very good score
5.Solve more and more problems, discover more and more new tricks…
6.Follow the same procedure for the rest chapters
7.Finally, go for self tests based on whole syllabus(take other's help to conduct these tests)
8.On the exam day…you will be at the Pick, who can stop you?
Example:
Q. The infra-red stretching frequency νco of
(P) Mn(CO)6+ (Q) CO (R) H3B←CO (S) [V(CO)6]- follows the order
A. P>R>S>Q
B. S>P>R>Q
C. Q>S>P>R
D. R>Q>P>S
Assertion: For a fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe the average
velocity is one half of the maximum velocity.
Reason: The velocity for a fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe
varies linearly in the radial direction.
A. Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a]
B. Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct reason for [a]
C. Both [a] and [r] are false
D. [a] is true but [r] is false
iv. Match items: Match all items in Column 1 with correct options from those
given in Column 2 and choose the correct set of combinations from the
choices A, B, C and D.
Example:
Q. Match the following and choose the correct combination
Capital State
R. Mumbai 3. Rajasthan
S. Kolkata 4. Karnataka
5. Tamil Nadu
6. Maharashtra
Q.78. What is the volumetric flow rate in dm3/min when the conversion of P
is 25%?
Q.79. What is the rate of reaction in gmol/(dm3 min) when the conversion of
P is 40%
(A) 1.82 x 103 (B) 4.95 x 10-3 (C) 6.2 x 10-3 (D) 9.73 x 103
Q.80. What is the value of the specific reaction rate constant in dm3/gmol
min at 1227oC?
vi. Linked answers question: The question will consist of a problem statement
followed by two sub-questions (a) and (b) based on the problem statement.
The solution to part (b) depends upon the answer to part (a). Each part (a) as
well as (b) in such linked answer questions will carry two marks.
Example:
Statement for linked answer Q. 81a & 81b: A reversible Carnot engine
operates between the actual heat input temperature of 1000 K and actual
heat rejection temperature of 250 K. The ambient temperature is 200 K.
Q.81b The above engine is to provide the power output of 100 kW. The heat
input required will be
Many students may not be aware that there are several institutions in this country, offering
specialized postgraduate programmes in various disciplines. Attractive scholarship /
Assistantship for postgraduate courses in engineering / Technology? Architecture /Pharmacy
at Engineering colleges / institutes in the country ,are available to those who qualify
through GATE. Some Engineering colleges / institutes specify GATE as a mandatory
qualification even for admission do students to post graduate programmes. The candidate is
required to find the procedure of final selection and award of scholarship / Assistantship
from the respective Institution to which the candidate seeks admission. GATE qualified
candidates in Engineering subjects) will also be eligible for the award of junior research
fellowship in CSIR Laboratories.
Vyomworld.com have made every attempt to include what matters for GATE aspirants.
We hope that you enjoy exploring the site.
What is GATE ?
The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an all -India Examination conducted by
the six Indian Institutes of Technology and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, on
behalf of the National Coordinating Board - GATE, Ministry of Human Resources
Development (MHRD), Government of India.From Freshersworld point of view we have tried
our best to give you a clear picture of GATE.
Objective
The GATE is held every year on the second Sunday of February, across the country in over
100 cities. At present nearly 60,000 students write GATE every year. Candidates can
choose a single paper of 3 hours duration to appear in GATE from the discipline papers
shown in the following Table.
Agricultural Engineering AG Mathematics MA
Architecture AR Mechanical Engineering ME
Civil Engineering CE Mining Engineering MN
Chemical Engineering CH Metallurgical Engineering MT
Computer Science & Engg. CS Physics PH
Chemistry CY Production & Industrial Engg. PI
Electronics & Comm. Engg. EC Pharmaceutical Sciences PY
Electrical Engineering EE Textile Engg.& Fibre Science TF
Geology & Geophysics GG Engineering Sciences XE
Instrumentation Engineering IN Life Sciences
Papers XE and XL are general in nature and comprise of the following sections:
Candidates appearing in XE or XL papers are required to answer
Three Sections, one compulsory as indicated below:
Statistics G
Thermodynamics H
GATE Results
The GATE result is declared every year on 31 st March and the score of the qualified
candidates shows their All India Rank and Percentile Score in the discipline paper chosen
by the candidates.
GATE Score Card
a. Score card will be sent only to the qualified candidates. No information will be sent to
candidates who are not qualified.
b. The GATE score card is a valuable document. Care should be taken to preserve it.
Additional Score Cards, (upto a maximum of two) will be issued on payment basis
only once.
c. The Score Card cannot be treated as a proof of category.
d. The score card of the Qualified Candidates will include GATE Score, Percentile Score
and Rank.
i. GATE Score
The GATE SCORE of a candidate is a statistical performance index in the range 0 to 1000. It
reflects the ability of a candidate, irrespective of the paper or year in which he/she has
qualified. Candidates with same GATE SCORE from different disciplines and/or years can be
considered to be of equal ability.
where,
a = average of marks of all candidates who appeared in the paper mentioned on this
scorecard, in the current year.
s = standard deviation of marks of all candidates who appeared in the paper mentioned on
this scorecard, in the current year.
K1 and K2 are determined respectively from the mean and standard deviation of marks of all
candidates across all papers and years since GATE 2002.
A typical qualitative interpretation of the GATE SCORE, for example, can be as follows:
i.
○
The percentile score in each paper is calculated as follows: Let N be the total number of
candidates appearing in that paper, and nc be the number of candidates who have the same
all India rank c in the same paper (there can be bunching at a given all India rank), then all
the candidates, whose all India rank is r, will have the same percentile score P, where
P = {(no. of candidates securing marks less than the candidate concerned)/N}x100
• The evaluation of the ORS is carried out by a computerized process using scanning
machines, with utmost care. Requests for revaluation of the answer script and re-
totaling of marks will not be entertained.
• The GATE result and particulars of the qualified candidates will be made available to
interested organizations (educational institutions, R and D laboratories, industries
etc.) in India and abroad based on written request by the organization and on
payment. Details can be obtained from GATE Chairmen of IITs / IISc.