Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
A transformation item may take one of the following forms:
1.
Note: A certain word or phrase is sometimes put at the beginning of a sentence for
the sake of emphasis because the front position tends to be the most
important part of a sentence. Notice the inversion of subject and verb.
(i.e. the verb comes before the subject) that the change involves.
3.
4.
5.
(adjective noun)
We are confident of his ability. (confidence)
We have confidence in his ability.
She takes much pride in her son. (proud)
She is very proud of her son.
(adjective verb)
I can never feel sympathetic towards people who take other people's help for
granted. (sympathize)
I can never sympathize with people who take other people's help for granted.
Thank you for your help. (thankful)
We are thankful to you for your help.
(adjective adverb)
Henry drinking has an adverse effect on one's health. (adversely)
Henry drinking adversely affects one's health.
She dances well. (good)
She is good at dancing.
(adverb noun)
Mr. Lee is undoubtedly the best employee in our company. (no doubt)
There is no doubt that Mr. Lee is the best employee in our company.
I had much difficulty in following his arguments. (hardly)
I could hardly follow his arguments.
(noun verb)
On his arrival in Tokyo, he found a telegram waiting for him. (arrived)
When he arrived in Tokyo, he found a telegram waiting for him.
The police is investigating the incident. (investigation)
The police is holding an investigation into the incident.
While making the prescribed changes in the sentence, watch out for any
additional changes that the new sentence structure may require.
Make only those changes that are necessary. Unnecessary changes will merely
increase your chances of making mistakes.
While making the prescribed and other necessary changes, try to retain the
original meaning as far as possible.
EXERCISES
A. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instruction. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for any
additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only those
changes that are necessary.
1. She is too young to get married. (enough)
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2. Young children should not be allowed to use the lift alone under any circumstances.
(Begin: Under)
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3. It's kind of you to let me come! (Begin: How)
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4. There is no way we can solve the problem. (impossible)
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5. You can't imagine our astonishment at seeing him there. (astonished)
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6. It is reported that five thousand people have been killed in the earthquake. (Begin:
Five thousand people are reported)
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7. Mary is good at dancing. Jane is good at it too. (Combine, using and so)
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8. I realized my mistake only then. (Begin: Only then)
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9. Could you lend me your bicycle? (Begin: May I)
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10. Ten lectures make up the course. (consists)
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11. George said to me, "Don't wait for me." (Rewrite in reported speech)
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12. The teacher said to them, "Did you read the book?" (Rewrite in reported speech)
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13. On the other hand, we do not think John is to blame, either. (neither)
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14. Despite her somewhat undernourished look, she was quite a beautiful girl. (Begin:
Although)
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15. When she heard the news, she broke down and cried. (Begin: On)
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16. I told her that I was worried. (how)
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17. We must win the match tomorrow so as to enter the semi-finals. (so that)
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25.
B. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for
any additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only
those changes that are necessary.
4. Einstein was not only an eminent scientist but also an accomplished musician.
(Begin: Besides)
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6. If you have a part-time job, you will be able to study in the evening. (enable)
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10.
The man could not explain satisfactorily how he came by such a large fortune.
(explanation)
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11.
12.
It was her own fault that she failed in the examination. (to blame)
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13.
14.
15.
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16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
That watch was the most expensive one in the shop. (more)
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24.
25.
Lets go to the cinema, he said to his girl friend. (Rewrite in reported speech,
beginning with He suggested)
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C. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for
any additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only
those changes that are necessary.
1.
The manager and the striking workers could not reach an agreement. (able)
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D. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following the
instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for any
additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only those
changes that are necessary.
1. She is very proud and no one wants to make friends with her. (that)
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5. No sooner had he got on the train than it started to move. (Begin: As soon as)
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6. The inspector told the crowed that they would be arrested unless they dispersed. (If)
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7. He was suspected to have done away with his wife. (Begin: It was suspected)
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8. I prefer to stay at home rather than go out in the rain. (Begin: Id rather)
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10.
She sings beautifully; she dances beautifully too. (Begin: Not only)
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11.
12.
13.
The police persuaded the crowd to disperse. (Begin: The police persuaded the
crowd that)
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He was able to pass the examination with satisfactory results. (succeeded)
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14.
15.
16.
What the public wants is not so much free education as good education. (more)
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17.
The horrified girls saw a snake creeping out of the basket. (Begin: To their)
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18.
But for your help, we would not have succeeded. (Begin: If it)
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19.
I tried very hard, but I could never catch up with him. (Begin: No matter)
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20.
The press has drawn much attention to the large number of accidents which
occurred on the new highway. (Begin: The press has drawn much attention to the
fact.)
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21.
Mr. Wong chaired the meeting during Mr. Chans absence. (while)
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22.
23.
24.
Most students have difficulty in expressing themselves in English. (Use find and
difficult)
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People believed the earth to be flat. (Begin: It)
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25.
E. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for
any additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only
those changes that are necessary.
2. He has never been assigned a more difficult task than this. (Begin: This is)
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5. Would you be kind enough to post this letter for me? (Begin: Would you be so)
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6. I have much pleasure in informing you that your application has been accepted.
(pleased)
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8. It took me quite some time to realize my mistake. (Begin: It was quite some time)
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9. It doesnt matter how you go about your work as long as you get it finished before the
end of this week. (Combine, beginning with No matter)
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10.
He has been very depressed since the death of his father two weeks ago. (died)
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11.
12.
13.
She burst into tears when she was told to leave. (Begin: On)
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14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
The only thing to look forward to is the long summer vacation. (Begin: There is
nothing)
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Youre from the Lawson Company, arent you? (Begin: You work)
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19.
The tactful way he handled the situation pleased everyone. (Begin: Everyone)
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20.
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21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
We decided not to withdraw from the committee because we trusted him. (Begin:
It was because)
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F. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for
any additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only
those changes that are necessary.
4. Two robbers held up a bank in Mongkok yesterday. One of them was carrying a pistol.
(Combine, using whom)
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5. Four men came to the gate of the Governors House. Two of the men were carrying a
banner. (Combine, using two of them)
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8. He had been late for too many times even for me not to notice. (Begin: He had been
late for so many times that)
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9. The doctor told him to give up smoking. (Begin: The doctor told him that)
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10.
It would be better for him to go home and rest for a few days. (had better)
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11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Mr. Lee was turning forty, and had been with the school for eighteen years. (Begin:
Turning forty)
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16.
You dont want to take the responsibility. I dont, either. (Combine, beginning
with Neither)
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17.
I dont see why we shouldnt invite our friends in 5B to our party. (Begin: I think
itd be a good idea if)
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18.
19.
20.
It was feared that the hostage had been killed. (Begin: The hostage was feared)
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21.
I didnt tell him the news because I didnt want to upset him. (Begin: My reason)
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22.
The girl from Australia swam fast enough to break the world record. (so)
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23.
I had great difficulty in finding enough men for the work. (hardly)
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24.
25.
G. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for
any additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only
those changes that are necessary.
1. It was her wish that her son should become a doctor. (wanted)
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2. The community leader said that the government had acted too rashly. (accused)
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3. Would you mind posting this letter for me? (so kind)
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9. I was going to opened the door when I heard the ringing of the telephone.
(prevented)
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10.
The editorial emphasized the need for an ombudsman in Hong Kong. (laid)
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11.
12.
13.
Mr. Cole has never eaten in a Chinese restaurant. (Begin: This is)
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14.
The manager promised to see to our complaint. (Begin: The manager assured)
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15.
What a crazy idea it was to spend $800,000 on a cage for two monkeys! (Begin:
How)
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16.
Many people consider Professor X the best authority on the heart diseases. (Begin:
Professor X)
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17.
18.
He did not argue with his wife because he was tired. (too)
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19.
She was so anxious that she could not sleep. (Begin: Such)
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20.
She should have known better. She shouldnt have married such a rogue as John.
(Combine, using than)
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21.
I have to get home before nine. Otherwise my father will be angry with me.
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22.
23.
What a foolish thing it is to say that men are more intelligent than women! (Begin:
How)
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24.
Surely you had a hard time preparing for your final exam. (Begin: You must)
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25.
H. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for
any additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only
those changes that are necessary.
2. The aim of the campaign is to raise $100,000 for the victims of the disaster. (Begin:
The campaign aims)
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3. His arguments were so convincing that everyone came round to his views. (Begin: So)
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5. You will like him more if you know him better. (Begin: The better)
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10.
11.
12.
13.
If you dont ring me up, Ill presume there is no change in the plan. (Begin: If I
dont hear)
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14.
15.
16.
One day scientists might discover the existence of life on planets other than the
earth. (Begin: Perhaps)
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His teacher found his progress satisfactory. (satisfied)
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17.
Our English teacher always puts much emphasis on the importance of a good
dictionary. (emphasizes)
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18.
19.
20.
The weather forecast says we shall have rain tomorrow. (Begin: According)
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21.
22.
The swimming gala was postponed because the weather was bad. (because of)
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23.
24.
25.
I. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for
any additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only
those changes that are necessary.
1.
The pupils continued to talk in spite of the teachers warning. (kept on)
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2.
3.
4.
I did not do my homework. Instead, I spent the whole evening watching television.
(Combine, beginning with Instead)
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5.
I dont know he was a Ph.D. until he told me personally. (Begin: It wasnt until)
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6.
7.
8.
The teacher found his essay very satisfactory, and he gave it an A. (Begin: The
teacher was so)
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9.
10. The teacher told the class to stop talking. (Begin: The teacher said to)
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11. He seemed to have known the truth. (Begin: It)
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12. I didnt realize the new teacher was going to be our form-master until he walked into
the classroom. (Begin: It wasnt until)
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13. I couldnt leave because of the rain. (prevented)
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14. His guilt was undeniable. (Begin: It was undeniable)
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15. He was very worried because he had lost the documents. (loss)
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16. Teachers work very hard, but they still dont earn very much. (Begin: No
matter)
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17. The lesson bored me, and I dozed off. (Use so and boring)
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18. The life-guards tried in vain to save the drowning man. (unsuccessful)
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19. I arrived ten minutes too late to see the opening ceremony. (Begin: If)
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20. What makes you think most old people in Hong Kong are not happy? (Begin: Why)
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21. He advised me to give up smoking. (Begin: He suggested that)
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22. The head waiter politely insisted that the customer wore a tie. (Begin: The head
waiter politely insisted on)
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23. Thank you for your advice. (Begin: I am thankful)
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24. The striking workers made a demand for higher wages. (demanded)
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25. He always reminds me that he is my boss. (Begin: He never)
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J. Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) given in brackets or following
the instructions. Keep the original meaning as far as possible, and watch out for
any additional changes that the new sentence structure may require. Make only
those changes that are necessary.
2. We arrived at the concert half an hour too late. We didnt see his performance.
(Begin: If)
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3. He might go down on his knees, but I would never forgive him. (Begin: Even if)
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5. She likes going shopping better than staying at home. (Begin: She would rather)
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10.
He does not have enough money to buy the car. (Begin: He lacks)
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11.
12.
After taking the School Certificate Exam, she took up a job as a typist. (Begin:
After she)
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13.
A large firm offered him a well-paid job shortly after he had graduated from
college. (Begin: Shortly after graduating)
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14.
15.
He did not resent unfavourable criticism. On the contrary, he always kept an open
mind and was willing to listen to other peoples opinion. (Begin: Far from)
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16. The newly-arrived immigrants were aware of the hostility that the locals had
towards them. (hostile)
21
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17. The President is trying to convince his countrymen of his determination to beat
inflation. (determined)
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18.
She is not only a professional artist, but also a first-rate teacher. (Begin: Besides)
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19.
We managed to get the work done two days before deadline. (succeeded)
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20.
21.
22.
The suitcase was very heavy. She could not lift it. (Combine, using too heavy)
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23.
24. The news of their grandfathers death made them very depressed. (Begin: The news
that)
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25.
The news of his sudden departure puzzled us all. (Begin: The news that)
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Exercise 1: Rerwite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. It isn't necessary to finish the work to day.
-> You don't............................................. .................................................. ......
2. Sally finally managed to get a job.
--> Sally finally succeeded......................................... ..........................................
3. That's the last time I go to that restaurant.
> I certainly......................................... .................................................. .........
4. "I advise you to take a holiday," the doctor continued.
22
23
26
The
cover............................................. .................................................. ......................................
...
8. He went to London. He had lived there when he was a boy.
He went to London where............................................. ......................................
9. Jane was absent from class because of her sickness.
Because Jane was............................................... .................................................
10. The package was too heavy for Peter to carry.
The package was so................................................ ............................................
Exercise 6: Rerwite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. You should take the train instead of the bus.
-> If................................................ .................................................. ..................
2. I'm sure that someone forgot to lock the door.
--> Someone must.............................................. .................................................
3. They bought this house ten years ago.
--> They have.............................................. .................................................. .....
4. The course finished with a big party.
--> At the end............................................... .................................................. ....
5. We invited a pop star onto the chat show, but he didn't turn up.
--> The pop star.............................................. .................................................. ..
6. Although she said that she would come, I don't think she ever will.
> Despite........................................... .................................................. ...........
7. The plane had hardly left the airport when the accident happened.
--> No sooner............................................ .................................................. .......
8. You feel tired now because you didn't sleep very well last night.
-> Had............................................... .................................................. ..............
9. When did you start the project?
27
the same
1. When did you first know him?
How............................................... .................................................. ............................
2. Their trip lasted three day.
They had............................................... .................................................. ......................
3. It may rain hard this afternoon, so take the rain coat with you.
In case.............................................. .................................................. ..........................
4. She had to do the washing up but she didn't.
She forgot............................................ .................................................. .......................
5. English id easy to learn.
It................................................ .................................................. ................................
6. Don't leave the lights on all night, you will waste electricity.
- If................................................ .................................................. ................................
7. The furniture was too old to keep.
It was............................................... .................................................. ..........................
8. Gary is the best guitarist in her class.
No one else.............................................. .................................................. .................
9. Since the invention of computer, people have saved a lot of time.
Since the computer was............................................... .................................................. .
10................................................ .................................................. ....................................
It's necessary for everybody to clean up their neighborhood once a week.
Everybody......................................... .................................................. .........................
Exercise 9: Rewrite each of the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays
the same
1 It is necessary to finish the work today.
> You
need.............................................. .................................................. ....................................
2. Sally finally managed to get the job.
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KEY
Exercise 1
31
2. The boy whose parents died in a traffic accident will receive some money to continue
his study
3. Motorbikes are being produced in Vietnam
4. If I had been there yesterday, I would have known who he was
5. Unless you try hard, you can't pass the examination.
6. The more they spent money the harder they had to work
7. The cover was thought to have been make of iron
8. He went to London where had lived when he was a boy
34