1. The document provides daily points to recall regarding corrosion rates, inspection intervals, repair authorization procedures, and corrosion mitigation strategies for pipes.
2. Key information includes how to calculate long-term and short-term corrosion rates, requirements for determining corrosion rates for new pipes, and factors considered when evaluating the grade of a piping system.
3. Guidance is given for repair work including when an inspector's authorization is needed and post-repair inspection requirements. Failure modes like fatigue, corrosion-erosion, hydrogen attack, and sulfidation are summarized along with ways to reduce each issue.
1. The document provides daily points to recall regarding corrosion rates, inspection intervals, repair authorization procedures, and corrosion mitigation strategies for pipes.
2. Key information includes how to calculate long-term and short-term corrosion rates, requirements for determining corrosion rates for new pipes, and factors considered when evaluating the grade of a piping system.
3. Guidance is given for repair work including when an inspector's authorization is needed and post-repair inspection requirements. Failure modes like fatigue, corrosion-erosion, hydrogen attack, and sulfidation are summarized along with ways to reduce each issue.
1. The document provides daily points to recall regarding corrosion rates, inspection intervals, repair authorization procedures, and corrosion mitigation strategies for pipes.
2. Key information includes how to calculate long-term and short-term corrosion rates, requirements for determining corrosion rates for new pipes, and factors considered when evaluating the grade of a piping system.
3. Guidance is given for repair work including when an inspector's authorization is needed and post-repair inspection requirements. Failure modes like fatigue, corrosion-erosion, hydrogen attack, and sulfidation are summarized along with ways to reduce each issue.
corrosion rate b. L. T. Corrosion rate = t initial t actual_____________ years between t initial & t actual c. S. T. Corrosion rate = t previous t actual______________ years between t previous and t actual 2. If corrosion rate is not available for new service, it shall be determined within 3 months of service and shall be confirmed b s!bse"!ent meas!rements. 3. #$%& of 'i'ing sstem is wor(ed o!t on basis of) #$%& = D SEt 2 . t = t actual 2 x corrosion loss up to next insp. *or !n(nown material, ass!me lowest grade and lowest +oint efficienc 'ermitted b the Constr!ction Code. ,. $!thori-ation for re'air ma be given b Ins'ector, however a!thori-ation for alteration shall be given onl after cons!ltation with and a''roval b 'i'ing engineer. $fter com'letion, all re'airs and alteration wor( shall be chec(ed and a''roved b Ins'ector. .. $ tem'orar re'air ma be made b fillet welding a 'late 'atch if S#/S of 'i'e does not e0ceed ,1,111 'si. 2. Insert 'atches ma be !sed for re'airs if) a. *!ll 'enetration groove welds are 'rovided b. *or class 1 and 2 'i'ing the welds are 1113 radiogra'hed or 4T chec(ed and c. &atches have ro!nded corners 15 min. radi!s 6. $n welding done on7stream shall be done in accordance with hot ta''ing chec(list as 'er $&I 2211. 8. &re7heating 9and maintaining: to minim!m 311;* can be s!bstit!ted as alternative to &%<T for &71 and some &73 steels 9e0ce't #n7#o DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 4) steels:. The weld shall be covered with ins!lation to slow cooling rate. =. *or other steels, &%<T has to be 'erformed as 'er constr!ction code. 11. &ress!re tests are normall re"!ired after alterations and ma+or re'airs. <owever, >?@ mabe !tili-ed if &ress!re Test is not 'ractical, if acce'ted b 'i'ing @ngineer. 11. The above grade s!rve of b!ried 'i'ing shall be cond!cted at an interval of a''ro0imatel 2 months. 12. *or 'i'ing b!ried in lengths greater that 111 feet and not cathodicall 'rotected 9C&:, the soil resistivit shall be chec(ed at . ear interval. 13. *or 'oorl coated 'i'es or 'i'es with im'ro'er cathodic 'rotection, close7interval 'otential s!rve shall be made ever . ears. 1,. Thic(ness meas!rement of b!ried 'i'es witho!t C& shall be done at interval of ., 11, and 1. ears if soil resistivit is less than 2111, 2111 to 11,111 and more than 11,111 ohm7cm res'ectivel. Thic(ness meas!rement is 'erformed b Aintelligent 'igging5 or b e0cavation and 4T chec(. 1.. Lea( testing at minim!m 'ress!re = 1.1 0 #.B.&. shall be done at half the above intervals for non7C.&. 'i'es and same intervals for C.&. 'i'es. &ress!re shall not dro' more than .3 in , ho!rs 'eriod 9&ress!re7?eca Test:. 12. Re'airs !sing clam's for b!ried 'i'es, the location and date of clam' shall be shown on the mar(er 9flag: and also on the ins'ection re'ort. Clam' shall be re'laced b 'ermanent re'air at first available o''ort!nit. 16. $ll fatig!e fail!re ta(e 'lace d!e to initiation of s!rface crac( and 'ro'agation of crac( d!e to stress fl!ct!ation. There are 37t'es of fatig!e fail!res. If s!rface crac(s are d!e to stress concentration, weld !nderc!ts, notches etc and stress fl!ct!ation d!e to mechanical DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 4) reasons 9!nbalanced shafts, alternate tension7com'ression etc.: then it is #echanical *atig!e. If stress fl!ct!ation is d!e to tem'erat!re swing, it is Thermal *atig!e. If stress fl!ct!ation is d!e to vibrations, water hammer etc., it is Cibration *atig!e. 18. Corrosion @rosion is d!e to combined action of corrosion and erosion. It can be red!ced b controlling corrosion 9b coating or !sing corrosion resistant materials: and b controlling erosion 9b controlling flow velocit, 'roviding harder s!rface:. 1=. Ca!stic embrittlement occ!rs d!e to combined action of high ca!stic strength and higher tem'erat!re. It can be controlled b carring o!t &%<T and !'grading materials b >ic(el allos. 21. S!l'hidation occ!rs d!e to s!l'her or < 2 S content in the fl!id handled. It can be red!ced b !sing Chromi!m containing steels as constr!ction materials. 21. <igh tem'erat!re <drogen $ttac( 9<T<$: is d!e to migration of <drogen atoms in the carbon steels which combines with carbon in carbons steel at high tem'erat!re to form #ethane gas 9C< , : which collects at grain bo!ndaries ca!sing internal crac(s. It can be red!ced b selecting the constr!ction materials according to >elsen C!rves. 9The material sho!ld be above the 'oint of tem'erat!re and <drogen 'ress!re:. 777777777777777777777777777777777777777@nd777777777777777777777777777777777777777