Chapter 1 : Respiration

Important Concepts
1.1 Human Breathing Mechanism
Quick Refresh
1.2 Transport of Oxygen in the Human Body
Quick Refresh
1.3 Importance of a Healthy Respiratory
System
Quick Refresh
Smart Review
1
Important Concepts
2
Respiration
Harmful
substances
Human respiratory
system
consists
of
Breathing
mechanism
Oxygen
Blood
Respiratory
diseases
Inhalation
Exhalation
takes in
transported
by
Lungs
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Ribs
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Chapter 1: Respiration
Chapter
1.1
Human Breathing Mechanism
Human respiratory system

nasal cavity
bronchus
ribs
intercostal
muscle
lungs
trachea
diaphragm
bronchioles
3
bronchiole
alveolus
blood
capillary
Chapter 1: Respiration
Chapter
1.1
Human Breathing Mechanism
4
Nostril nose hair help to filter the air from
dust and foreign particles
Nasal cavity to warm and moisten the air that
passes through it
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Air
Process of Human Respiratory System
Alveolus has a very thin wall which is
moist and contains a network of
blood capillaries
Chapter 1: Respiration
Component Function
Chapter
1.1
Human Breathing Mechanism
The main organ of the respiratory system
Contains bronchus, bronchioles and alveoli that help gas
exchange
Lungs
The large air-filled space that filter and warm the air as it is
inhaled
Nasal cavity
Also known as the windpipe
Carrying air to the lungs
Trachea
Two air tubes that branch off at the trachea and conducts air
into the lungs
Bronchus
5
Chapter 1: Respiration
Chapter
1.1
Human Breathing Mechanism
Component Function
6
Bronchioles Smaller branches of the bronchus that end with alveoli
Ribs The long curve bones which form the rib cage that protect the
lungs and other internal organs like the heart and so on
Intercostal muscle Muscles that situated between the ribs
They contract and relax during inhaling and exhaling to help
breathing process
Diaphragm
A dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs that controls
the breathing process
Chapter 1: Respiration
Chapter
1.1
Human Breathing Mechanism
Breathing mechanism

During inhalation
rib muscles
contract (Rib
cage expands)
diaphragm contracted
(moves down)
air inhaled
The diaphragm muscle contracts, that
flatten the diaphragm downwards to
increase the volume of thoracic cavity

7
The external intercostal muscles
contract to expand the rib cage and
further increasing the volume of
thoracic cavity

Increase of volume in thoracic cavity,
lead to lowering air pressure in the
lungs than the atmospheric pressure

This causes the air to be inhaled
through the trachea and into the alveoli
Chapter 1: Respiration
Chapter
1.1
Human Breathing Mechanism
rib muscles
relax (Rib
cage contracts)
diaphragm relaxed
(moves up)
air exhaled
The diaphragm muscle relax that
causes the diaphragm to curve
upwards decreasing the volume of
thoracic cavity

During exhalation
8
The internal intercostal muscles
contract and pull the ribs back to its
original shape

Increase of volume in thoracic cavity
lead to higher air pressure in the lungs
than the atmospheric pressure

This will force the air out of the lungs
Chapter 1: Respiration
Respiratory system is made up of lungs, nasal cavity, trachea, bronchus,
bronchioles, ribs, intercostal muscles and diaphragm

It is healthier to breath through the nose than the mouth because the hair
and mucus in the nose (nasal cavity) helps filter and warm the air as it
comes in

Breathing consists of two phrases, inhalation and exhalation
(a) Inhalation taking air to the lungs
(b) Exhalation expelling air from the lungs

Intercostal muscles , ribs and diaphragm involved in the changes in
volume of thoracic cavity

Q.R.
1.1
Quick Refresh
9
Chapter 1: Respiration