Area 1 - Basic Biomedical Sciences (16%)

1A Physiology
1A01 structure and function of major bodysystems;
as it applies to integumentary, muscular skeletal,
cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive,
nervous, endocrine,urinary, reproductive, and body
fuids and electrolytes, cells in tissue
1B Biochemistry
1B01 chemistry of biomacromolecules (proteins,
lipids, carbohydrates, and !A"
1B0# nucleic acid biosynthesis and metabolism
1B0$ en%ymology and coen%ymes and kinetics
1B0& metabolic path'ays to energy utili%ation
1C Microbiology
1(01 general principles of microbial concepts
1(0# principles of infectious diseases
1(0$ host)parasite relationships
1(0& pathogenic microorganisms of man
1(0* infammatory responses to infectious agents
1D Molecular Cell Biology!enetics
101 gene e+pression
10# carrier proteins,membrane transport
10$ mechanics of cell division
10& ion channels and receptor physiology
10* chromosomes and !A
10- gene transcription and translation processes
10. recombinant !A technology
1" #mmunology
1/01 human immunity and immune responses
1/0# principles of antigen)antibody relationships
1/0$ antibody synthesis, development, function,
and immunopathology
A. Biology
1. Basic principles of living matter
2. Chemical basis of life
3. Cellular basis of plant and animal life
4. Morphology (including cell structure)
. !enetics (including "#$%&#$ information transfer)
B. Anatomy and physiology
1. !ross body structures and functions
2. Circulatory and cardiovascular systems
3 'ematologic( hepatic( and lymphatic systems
4. !astrointestinal system
. )rinary system
*. &espiratory system
+. ,ndocrine system
-. &eproductive system
.. #ervous system
1/. Musculos0eletal system
11. "ermatological system
12. ,ye( ear( nose( and throat
C. Pathogenic microbiology
1. Classification of microbiological disease agents
2. Characteristics and activities of microbiological disease agents
3. ,tiology of infectious disease (viruses( bacteria( algae(
proto1oa( ameba( fungi ric0ettsia( parasites( etc)
4. 2athogenic mechanism and host reaction
. 3nfection control
D. Immunology
1. 4rgani1ation of the immune system
2. Cells of the immune system
3. Cyto0ines
4. 3mmunoglobulins
. Complement system
*. $utoimmune disorders
+. Methods of evading the immune system
-. $ctive and passive immuni1ations
.. Monoclonal antibodies
1/. 5accine technologies
11. 3mmunosuppressants
12. 3mmunostimulants
13. $dverse immune reactions
E. General chemistry
1 #omenclature (3)2$C)
2. $tomic and molecular structure (including physical forces of
interaction)
3. 6tates of matter (gases( li7uids( solids)
4. 6toichiometry
. 3oni1ation and p' (not including buffers)
*. Chemical e7uilibrium and reactivity
+. Chemical thermodynamics
-. Chemical and instrumental analysis
.. #uclear chemistry (radioactivity)
F. Organic chemistry
1. #omenclature (3)2$C)
2. Molecular structures( bonding( resonance( tautomerism(
stereochemistry
3. 8unctional group chemistry
4. Classes of compounds (structure and characteristics)
. 9ypes of reactions and reaction mechanisms (reduction(
o:idation( addition( elimination( hydrolysis( substitution( etc)
*. 6toichiometry
G. Biochemistry
1. "escriptive chemistry( metabolic and biochemical roles(
biosynthesis( biodegradation( and nomenclature
2. 3ntermediary metabolism
3. Metabolic diseases
4. #utrition biochemistry (vitamins( minerals( essential fatty and
amino acids( etc)
. ,n1yme 0inetics
Area $ % Pharmaceutical Sciences (&'%)
$A Medicinal Chemistry
#A01 physiochemical properties of drugs in relation to
drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and e+cretion
(A0/"
#A0# chemical basis for drug action
#A0$ fundamental pharmacophores for drugs used to
treat diseases
#A0& structure activity relationships in relation to drug)
target interactions
#A0* chemical path'ays of drug metabolism
#A0- applicability to making drug therapy decisions
$B Pharmacology and (o)icology
#B01 mechanisms of action of drugs of various categories
#B0# pharmacodynamics of drug action and absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and elimination
#B0$ adverse e1ects and side)e1ects of drugs
#B0& drug)target interactions
#B0* drug discovery and development
#B0- mechanism of to+icity and to+icokinetics
#B0. acute and chronic to+ic e1ect of +enobiotics,
including drug and chemical overdose and to+ic signs of
drugs of abuse
#B02 interpretation of drug screens
#B03 principles of antidotes and alternative approaches to
to+ic e+posures
#B10 functions of poison control centers
#B11 bioterrorism and disaster preparedness and
management
$C Pharmacognosy and Alternati*e and
Com+lementary (reatments
#(01 concepts of crude drugs, semi)puri4ed, and puri4ed
natural products
#(0# evaluation of alternative and complementary
medicine purity, bioavailability, safety, and e5cacy
#(0$ classes of pharmacologically active natural products
#(0& 6cience of dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals,
and herbals"
#(0* ietary 7ealth 6upplement and /ducation Act and
8mpact on regulation of dietary supplements and herbal
products
$D Pharmaceutics
#01 physiochemical principles of dosage forms
#0# principles of drug delivery via dosage forms (eg,
li9uid, solid, semi)solid, controlled release, patches, and
implants"
#0$ principles of dosage form stability and drug
degradation in dosage forms
#0& materials and methods used in preparation and use
of drug forms
$" Bio+harmaceuticsPharmaco,inetics
#/01 biological principles of dosage forms
#/0# basic principles of in vivo drug kinetics (linear and
nonlinear"
#/0$ principles of bioavailability,bioe9uivalence
#/0& physiologic determinates of drug onset and duration
#/0* drug, disease, and dietary infuences on absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and e+cretion
#/0- the pharmacokinetic)pharmacodynamic interface
$- Pharmacogenomics
#:01 genetic basis for disease and drug action
#:0# genetic basis for alteration and drug metabolism
#:0$ genome and proteomic principles in relation to disease and
drug development
#:0& genetic basis for individuali%ing drug doses
$! ")tem+oraneous
Com+oundingParenteral"nteral
#;01 <nited 6tates =harmacopeia guidance on compounding and
:A regulation of compounding
#;0# techni9ues and principles used to prepare and dispense
individual e+temporaneous prescriptions including dating of
compounded dosage forms
#;0$ e+temporaneous li9uid (parenteral, enteral", solid, semi)
solid, and topical preparations
#;0& dosage form preparation calculations
#;0* sterile admi+ture techni9ues
a <nited 6tates =harmacopeia (<6=" re9uirements for sterile
compounding
b stability and sterility testing and dating
c clean room re9uirements
d infusion devices and catheters
A. Fundamentals of drug action
1. "ose response relationships
2. $bsorption( distribution( and elimination
3. Metabolism
4. $dverse reactions (to:icity( side effects( abuse( etc)
B. Interaction of drugs ith biological systems
1. &elationship of chemical structure to biochemical mechanism of action
2. 6tereochemical factors
3. 6tructure;activity relationships <ithin a series of drugs
4. "rug design strategies and development (2rodrugs( isosteres( drug latentiation(
etc)
. $ctive medicinals from natural sources
C. !echanism"#ite of Action
1. &ationale for use of a drug (mechanistic( indication( and use)
2. "osage regimen
3. 2recautions( including contraindications and to:icity (patient age( <eight(
gender( disease factors( dosage schedule and pharmaco0inetic factors( effects of
other drugs( foods( and environmental factors( incompatible combinations)
D. Pharma$inetics
1. Basic concepts and principles
2. Bioe7uivalence and bioavailability
3. 2harmaco0inetic models and 7uantification of absorption( distribution( and
elimination
4. Multi;dose regimens
. =inear and nonlinear pharmaco0inetics
*. 8unctions and graphs
E. %inetic phenomena
1. "ecomposition mechanisms (hydrolysis( o:idation( racemi1ation(
decarbo:ylation( photochemical( etc)
2. &eaction 0inetics (/( 1( 2 > order( rate la< e:pressions( etc)
3. p' effects on stability (acid and base catalysis)
4. 6tability prediction (including $rrhenius =a<)
. 3ncompatibilities
*. "iffusion
F. #olubility
1. 8unctional group effect on solubility
2. 8actors affecting solubility and dissolution rate
3. 6urfactants and micelles
G. E&uilibria
1. Basicity and acidity (including buffers)
2. 2artitioning phenomena
3. Comple:ation
4. 2rotein binding
$dsorption;desorption processes
*. 3ncompatibilities
+. Colligative properties
'. Dosage forms (traditional and no)el*
1. &ationale for use
2. Characteri1ation of the bul0 drug (including micromeritics)
3. 2reparation( processing( and function (including e:cipients)
4. 9ests and criteria of performance
. "efinitions and nomenclature
*. &outes of administration
I. Pharmaceutical calculations
1. Metrology
2. Calculation of drug dosage from appropriate data
3. Calculation of moles( millimoles( millie7uivalents( and milliosmols
4. 3sotonicity calculations
. "ensity( specific gravity( dilution( and concentration calculations
+ . Pharmaceutical dispensing
1. 5erification and interpretation of prescriptions
2. 2erformance of pac0aging and labeling functions
3. ,:temporaneous compounding
4. 2atient advising
%. Biotechnology
1. 2rinciples
2. Methodologies
3. 2roducts
Area & % SocialBeha*ioralAdministrati*e
Sciences ($$%)
&A .ealth Care and Public .ealth Deli*ery
Systems
$A01 introduction to <nited 6tates, state, and local health care delivery
systems and their interfaces and ho' they compare to those in other
industriali%ed countries
$A0# social, political, and economic factors infuencing the delivery of
health care (including 4nancing and reimbursement mechanisms,
health disparities, reform, etc"
$A0$ pharmacy and health care organi%ations (private and public
insurers of third party administration, pharmaceutical industry, managed
care organi%ations, =B0s, etc"
$A0& health policy development and evaluation
$A0* importance of involvement in pharmacy organi%ational, regulatory,
state, and federal issues
$A0- confict bet'een medical care and public health
$A0. contributions of public health e1orts to health status
improvements (infectious disease control, chronic disease preventions,
demographics, and social and physical environmental factors, etc"
&B "conomicsPharmacoeconomics
$B01 use of pharmacoeconomic analyses (ie, cost)bene4t analysis, cost)
e1ectiveness analysis, cost)minimi%ation analysis, costutility analysis"
$B0# applications of economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes to
improve allocation of limited health care resources
$B0$ general macro and micro economic principles
&C Pharmacy Management
$(01 management principles (planning, organi%ing, directing, and
controlling pharmacy resources" applied to various pharmacy practice
setting and patient outcomes
$(0# personnel management > including leadership
$(0$ managing goods and services (marketing, purchasing,inventory
management, and merchandising"
$(0& 4nancial accounting
$(0* risk management in pharmacy practice
&D Pharmacoe+idemiology
$01 application of epidemiological study designs to study drug use and
outcomes in large populations
$0# data sources and analytic tools that provide an estimate of the
probability of bene4cial or adverse e1ects of medication use in large
populations
$0$ methods for continually monitoring un'anted e1ects and other
safety)related aspects of medication use in large populations
&" Pharmacy /a0 and 1egulatory A2airs
$/01 administrative, civil, and criminal liability
$/0# a pharmacist?s responsibilities and limits under the la'
$/0$ the authority, responsibilities, and operation of agencies and
entities that administer la's and regulations related to prescription, and
over)the)counter medications
&- Biostatistics and 1esearch Design
$:01 commonly used e+perimental and observational study designs
$:0# commonly used statistical tests and their appropriate application
$:0$ evaluation of statistical results including an understanding of
statistical versus clinical signi4cance
&! "thics
$;01 principles of biomedical ethics
$;0# ethical dilemmas in the delivery of patient)centered care, including
o a conficts of interest
o b end)of)life decision making
o c development, promotion, sales, prescription, and use of
drugs
o d 'orking in groups
$;0$ research ethics
$;0& professional behavior (ie, professionalism, code of ethics, oath of
the pharmacist"
&. Core Communication Conce+ts and S,ills
$701 patient counseling skills including active listening and empathy
$70# assertiveness and problem)solving techni9ues, handling di5cult
situations > patients and other core providers
$70$ intervie'ing techni9ues
$70& health literacy
$70* cultural competency
&# Social and Beha*ioral As+ects encountered in
Practice
$801 health, illness, and sick role behaviors
$80# principles of behavior modi4cation
$80$ patient adherence
$80& caregiving throughout the life cycle
$80* death and dying
$80- patients? and other health care providers? perceptions of
pharmacists? capabilities
&3 Medication Dis+ensing and Distribution
Systems
$@01 safe and e1ective preparation and dispensing of medications in all
types of practice settings
$@0# development and maintenance of patient medication pro4les
$@0$ role of automation and technology
$@0& continuous 9uality improvement programs or protocols in the
medication)use process, including identi4cation and prevention of
medication errors and establishment of error reduction programs,
technology of drug information retrieval for 9uality assurance
A. 'ealth care economics
1. 'ealth care costs (systems and pharmaceuticals)
2. 9rends
3. 2ayment and reimbursement
4. 6upply and demand (health care services( medicines%drug
products( economic modeling( etc)
. ,conomic evaluation of medicines and therapy (7uality of life(
outcomes ?therapeutic % clinical % humanistic%cost@(
pharmacoecononiic analyses( "),%")& programs( etc)
B. Ethics"+urisprudence
1. AurisdictionB state vs federal
2. 6tatutes and regulations
3. &egulatory agencies > federal and state (8"$( 2ublic 'ealth(
",$( 89C( 'C8$( etc)
4. ,thical principles and practice applications
C. 'ealth care systems
1. "elivery of care%organi1ations
2. 2rivate and public programs (Medicare% Medicaid( insurance)
3. 9ypes of non;pharmacist providers and their roles
4. "rug development process
D. Communication and information technology
1. 2atient consultation
2. 'ealth care professional communications
3. Barriers to communication
4. 3nformation systems
E. !anagement
1. 8inancial management
2. 2ersonnel management
3. Mar0eting management
4. 4rgani1ation
F. !ar$eting
1. 'ealth care professionals (influencing mar0et)
2. 6ervices
3. $dvertising
4. 3ndustry
. 2roducts
G. Professional practice settings, trends, and acti)ities
1. 2ractice and practice interfaces (institutional( community based(
educational% academic( pharmaceutical industry( government(
professional organi1ations( etc)
2. 9rends (manpo<er%practice patterns( movements( issues( etc)
3. 2ractice activities of pharmacists
'. #ocial"Beha)ioral
1. 6ociali1ation%professionalism (development of professional
identity( role conflict > internal and e:ternal( agents of sociali1ation(
effects of sociali1ation in pharmacy( etc)
2. 3llness%Behavior (models describing illness% behavior( health
belief models( effect of illness on significant others( strategies of
intervention( self;care( etc)
3. Compliance (personal perception of illness( reinforcements(
compliance measures( variables affecting compliance( patient
education( compliance programs( etc)
4. 8actors affecting drug use > legitimate and illicit (peer pressure(
cultural considerations( environmental considerations( economic%
income considerations( legal and political considerations( patient
demographics( et
cArea 4 % Clinical Sciences (&$%)
4A /iterature "*aluation % Practice !uidelines
and Clinical (rials
&A01 principles of clinical practice guidelines for various
disease states and their interpretation in the clinical setting
&A0# integration of core scienti4c and systems)based
kno'ledge in patient care decisions
&A0$ reinforcement of basic science principles relative to
drug treatment protocols and clinical practice guidelines
&A0& evaluation of clinical trials that validate treatment
usefulness
4B Drug #n5ormation
&B01 fundamentals of the practice of drug information
&B0# application of drug information skills for delivery of
medication therapy management
&B0$ the ability to judge the reliability of various sources of
information
4C Clinical Patho+hysiology
&(01 pathophysiology of disease states amenable to
pharmacist intervention
4D Clinical Pharmaco,ineticsPharmacogenomics
&01 clinical pharmacokinetics,pharmacogenomics of
commonly used and lo')therapeutic)inde+ drugs
&0# clinical basis for individuali%ing drug therapy
4" Clinical Pre*ention and Po+ulation .ealth
&/01 promotion of 'ellness and nonpharmacologic therapies
&/0# disease prevention and monitoring
4- Medication (hera+y Management - Patient
Assessment6 Clinical Pharmacology6 and
(hera+eutics
&:01 concepts of pharmacist)provided patient care and
medication therapy management services
&:0# importance of and techni9ues for obtaining a
comprehensive patient history
&:0$ patient assessment (eg, inspection, palpation,
percussion, auscultation", terminology, and the
modi4cations caused by common disease states and drug
therapy
&:0& common clinical laboratory values and diagnostic
tests and their clinical role
&:0* AB( point)of)care testing devices (eg, glucometers,
pregnancy tests, home testing for 7bA1c, drug screening"C
&:0- false positive and false negative results
&:0. therapeutic drug concentrations and their
interpretation
&:02 problem identi4cation (eg, duplication dosage, drug
interactions, dietary interactions, adverse drug reactions
and interactions, fre9uency dosage form, indication
mismatches" and resolution planning
&:03 triage and referral skills
&:10 designing of patient)centered, culturally relevant
treatment plans
&:11 application of evidence)based decision making to
patient care
&:1# nonprescription and dietary supplements
&:1$ drug monitoring for positive and negative outcomes
(including drug induced disease"
&:1& clinical management of drug to+icity and overdosage
A. 'ealth care economics
1. 'ealth care costs (systems and pharmaceuticals)
2. 9rends
3. 2ayment and reimbursement
4. 6upply and demand (health care services( medicines%drug
products( economic modeling( etc)
. ,conomic evaluation of medicines and therapy (7uality of life(
outcomes ?therapeutic % clinical % humanistic%cost@(
pharmacoecononiic analyses( "),%")& programs( etc)
B. Ethics"+urisprudence
1. AurisdictionB state vs federal
2. 6tatutes and regulations
3. &egulatory agencies > federal and state (8"$( 2ublic 'ealth(
",$( 89C( 'C8$( etc)
4. ,thical principles and practice applications
C. 'ealth care systems
1. "elivery of care%organi1ations
2. 2rivate and public programs (Medicare% Medicaid( insurance)
3. 9ypes of non;pharmacist providers and their roles
4. "rug development process
D. Communication and information technology
1. 2atient consultation
2. 'ealth care professional communications
3. Barriers to communication
4. 3nformation systems
E. !anagement
1. 8inancial management
2. 2ersonnel management
3. Mar0eting management
4. 4rgani1ation
F. !ar$eting
1. 'ealth care professionals (influencing mar0et)
2. 6ervices
3. $dvertising
4. 3ndustry
. 2roducts
G. Professional practice settings, trends, and acti)ities
1. 2ractice and practice interfaces (institutional( community
based( educational% academic( pharmaceutical industry(
government( professional organi1ations( etc)
2. 9rends (manpo<er%practice patterns( movements( issues( etc)
3. 2ractice activities of pharmacists
'. #ocial"Beha)ioral
1. 6ociali1ation%professionalism (development of professional
identity( role conflict > internal and e:ternal( agents of
sociali1ation( effects of sociali1ation in pharmacy( etc)
2. 3llness%Behavior (models describing illness% behavior( health
belief models( effect of illness on significant others( strategies of
intervention( self;care( etc)
3. Compliance (personal perception of illness( reinforcements(
compliance measures( variables affecting compliance( patient
education( compliance programs( etc)
4. 8actors affecting drug use > legitimate and illicit (peer pressure(
cultural considerations( environmental considerations(
economic%income considerations( legal and political
considerations( patient demographics( etc)