Abnormal+Emergency Procedures

LECTURE TOPIC Abnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures

Overview

Levels of Warnings and
Cautions

Pilot Responsibilities

ECAM Execution

Abnormal and/or Emergency Occurs!
Abnormal or
Emergency
Identified by
ECAM
200+ ECAMs
Engine Fires/Failures
Electrical Faults
Hydraulic Faults
Gear Abnormals
Flight Control Faults, etc...
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions

System abnormalities
identified by the ECAM
are prioritized and
categorized based on
severity.

The ECAM categorizes
system abnormalities into
three different levels. In
priority order, the levels
include:
Level 3 Warnings
Level 2 Cautions
Level 1 Cautions
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions

Level 3 Warnings
Flashing Red Master
Warning lights
Continuous Repetitive
Chime (CRC)
Red ECAM title and
LAND ASAP message

These warnings represent
emergency conditions and
require:
Immediate crew
awareness
Immediate crew action
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions

Level 2 Cautions
Steady Amber Master
Caution lights
Single Chime (CRC)
Amber ECAM title

These cautions represent
abnormal conditions and
require:
Immediate crew
awareness

Time and conditions
permitting, these cautions
should be considered
without delay to prevent
further system
degradation.
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions

Level 1 Cautions
Amber ECAM title

Level 1 Cautions
represent failures leading
to a loss of redundancy or
system degradation.

Level 1 Cautions do not
generate an audio alert or
a Master Caut light.
Emergency
Procedures Not
Identified by
ECAM
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions

Please understand, the
ECAM does not identify
all emergencies.
Some Emergencies NOT
include:
Air Conditioning Smoke
Cabin Smoke/Fire
Emergency Landing
Ditching
Passenger Evacuation

Emergency procedures
NOT identified by the
ECAM are found in the
QRH and FCOM Vol-3.

Air Conditioning Smoke
Cabin Smoke/Fire
Emergency Landing
Ditching
Passenger Evacuation
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions

Some abnormals NOT
include:
Fuel leak
DU failure
Tailpipe Fire
Double Probe Heat Fault
Cracked/Delaminated
Cockpit Window

Abnormal procedures
NOT identified by the
ECAM are found in the
QRH and/or FCOM Vol-3.
Abnormal
Procedure Not
Identified by
ECAM
Procedures
Fuel Leak
Display Unit Failure
Tailpipe Fire
Double Probe Heat Fault
Cracked/Delaminated
Cockpit Window.
.Others

Pilot abnormal and
emergency
responsibilities are
outlined in:
The FCOM VOL-3 (3.02)
The QRH (0.00)

S P I R I T
A I R L I N E S
A320 FCOM
VOL-3
S P I R I T
A I R L I N E S
A320 QRH
S P I R I T
A I R L I N E S
A320 FCOM
VOL-3
FCOM VOL-3 specifies
the following procedures
are to be memorized and
applied without referring
to the QRH or FCOM
procedure:
Windshear/Windshear
ahead (FCOM VOL-3
MISC)
TCAS (QRH EMER)
EGPWS (QRH EMER)
Loss of braking (QRH
EMER)
Emergency descent (initial
steps, QRH EMER))
Unreliable speed
indication/ADR check
(immediate actions, QRH
ABN)
Crew incapacitation (FCOM
VOL-3, MISC)

Brief
Each
Other
Review STATUS
Page
Refer to QRH
and/or
FCOM VOL-3
ECAM Actions

This flow diagram
generalizes and illustrates
the flight crews
responsibilities should an
emergency or abnormal
condition develop in flight.
Communicate
Navigation
Request Configuration
Changes as Appropriate
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PNF
PF
Abnormal and/or Emergency Occurs
Cancel the Warning/Caution
Flight Path Established
Above 400 ft AGL
I have the
airplane and
ATC. Perform
ECAM.
PNF
PF

The first responsibility of
the flight crew during an
abnormal/emergency is to
cancel the warning or
caution.
The first pilot to recognize
the abnormal/emergency
condition must:
Cancel the CRC or
SC, if any
The pilot that cancels the
warning/caution should
clearly and distinctly
identify the condition.
For example
Engine
Fire !

No action is taken (except
canceling the
warning/caution)
until :

The appropriate flight
path is established

If a failure occurs during
takeoff, approach
or go-around, the aircraft
is above 400 feet AGL.

A height of 400 feet is
recommended because it
gives a good compromise
between time
necessary for stabilization
and excessive delay for
procedure initiation.

Above 400 ft AGL
In some emergency cases,
provided the appropriate flight
path is established, the pilot flying
may initiate actions before this
height.
PF Responsibilities

Abnormal/Emergency
procedures are initiated
on the pilot flying's
command.
To initiate
abnormal/emergency
procedures, the PF states:

Above 400 ft AGL
I have control and
ATC. Perform ECAM.

If a transfer of control
occurs, the pilot giving up
control must respond by
stating: You have
control. Some
conditions will require the
captain to be the PF (i.e.,
Avionics Smoke).

Perform ECAM
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PNF
I have control
and
ATC. Perform
ECAM.
PF
PF Responsibilities

Airbus recognizes that
continuing to fly the
aircraft is the single most
important consideration in
almost every situation.
As the PF, guard against
becoming overly
distracted by other
abnormal/emergency
steps at the expense of
flying the aircraft.
Above 400 ft AGL
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PF
PF Responsibilities
The PF is responsible for
aircraft navigation.
However, during
abnormal/emergency
procedures, inputs via the
MCDU are to be minimized
and accomplished only if
workload permits.
The PF may accomplish
short term inputs via the
MCDU, such as:
Direct To
Activating the
Approach Phase
Inputs that require lengthy
typing (i.e., programming a
re-route) should be avoided.
Concentrating on MCDU
inputs have caused pilots to
become distracted and
subsequently miss assigned
altitudes and headings,
ATC calls, etc.
Navigation
Above 400 ft AGL
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PF
PF Responsibilities

Communication with ATC
is accomplished by the
PF.
The PF should coordinate
a plan of action with ATC
and if applicable, declare
an emergency.
ATC must be immediately
notified if:
Pilot uses
emergency authority

A Deviation from
ATC assigned route
or clearance occurs

Priority handling is
required
Navigation
Above 400 ft AGL
Communicate
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PF
PF Responsibilities

The PF continues to
request configuration
changes.
It is not acceptable for the
PF to make a
configuration change
because the PNF is busy.

The PNF, upon request
from the PF will stop and
make the configuration
change if it is safe to do
(i.e., after checking
airspeed).
Navigation
Above 400 ft AGL
Communicate
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PF
PNF Responsibilities

The PNF is responsible
for the completion of the
ECAM
abnormal/emergency
procedure.

Upon the PFs Perform
ECAM statement, the
PNF initiates the ECAM
procedure.
Above 400 ft AGL
Perform
ECAM
Communicate
Navigation
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PNF
PF

The A320 Series aircraft
is certified with an ECAM.
Therefore, the ECAM
must always be performed
initially from start to finish.
The PNF uses the READ
and DO oral reading
principle when performing
the abnormal/emergency
procedures.
The crew should always
keep in mind the
advantages and
disadvantages of the
ECAM
checklist/procedure
Perform
ECAM
PNF
ECAM Advantages
Constantly monitors
most aircraft systems.
Displays essential steps
to be accomplished,
stabilizing the situation
prior to landing.
Prioritizes abnormals
and emergencies.
ECAM Disadvantages
ECAM software is not
customized for
individual operators.
ECAM does not have
the same reasoning
abilities as pilots do
(Cargo Smoke)
ECAM cant recognize
all abnormals and
emergencies.

Executing the ECAM
actions, when directed by
the PF, should be
accomplished in a
deliberate and unhurried
manner.
The PNF obtains
confirmation from the PF
whenever an action could
significantly affect aircraft
performance such as:
ENG Master switch
Thrust Lever
Fire pb
Other guarded
switches
AND
before using the CLR pb

ECAM Actions
PNF
LAND ASAP

In the execution of ECAM
actions, the goal is to get
to a lights out condition.
That is, the ECAM must
be returned to a normal
condition.

To achieve lights out, the
PNF:
Completes the blue
ECAM action items
Uses the CLR pb

ECAM Actions
PNF
- ATC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOTIFY
- MAX SPEED 320 KTS
- MANEUVER WITH CARE
Examples of unmonitored
ECAM action items:


ECAM action items:
Display in blue
Automatically clear after
completion if monitored by
the FWCs. Most action
items are monitored by
the FWCs.

Some action items are
NOT monitored and
remain displayed after
completion.

ECAM Actions
PNF
EMER REALLY BAD FAILURE 2
- ACTION ITEM 1 . . . . . . . . . JUST DO IT
- ACTION ITEM 2 . . PUSH SOMETHING
ABNORM NOT SO BAD FAULT 1
- ACTION ITEM 1. . . PUSH SOMETHING
ABNORM LESS BAD FAULT 2
-MANEUVER WITH CARE
ABNORM MINOR FAILURE

-MANEUVER WITH CARE

The proper use of the CLR
pb is as follows:
Only after all displayed
blue action items for the
highest underlined
procedure are completed
AND
Only after confirmation
from the PF
In the following example,
the blue action items under
REALLY BAD FAILURE 2
have not been completed.
Therefore, the use of the
CLR pb is improper at this
time.
The CLR pb cleared all blue
action items associated with
the underlined title (REALLY
BAD FAULT 2).
The CLR pb does not clear
an ECAM procedure line-
by-line.

ECAM Actions
PNF
-MANEUVER WITH CARE

-MANEUVER WITH CARE


If the blue action item
under NOT SO BAD
FAULT 1 is not
accomplished, the use of
the CLR pb is still
improper.
As a general rule, the
CLR pb clears all items
associated with the
highest underlined
procedure.
ECAM Actions
PNF
-MANEUVER WITH CARE



Here is an example of the
proper use of the CLR pb.
MANEUVER WITH CARE
is an unmonitored ECAM
action item. All blue
action items for the
underlined procedure are
accomplished and
therefore, the use of the
CLR pb is now proper.

Also, the proper use of the
CLR pb calls for the
confirmation of the PF.
Clear
ABNORM
Clear
ABNORM2?
ECAM Actions
PNF


Another example of the
proper use of the CLR pb.
No blue action
items remain for the
underlined
procedure
Clear
ABNORM
Clear
ABNORM?
ECAM Actions
PNF
ENG BAD FAILURE
* ELEC
* HYD
Primary Failure
System with Secondary Failure(s)

STS
Additional Indications
A failure/fault that causes
the loss or degradation of
other system components is
called a Primary failure.
A Primary failure, indicated
by a box, generates
Secondary failure(s). A
Secondary Failure is a loss
or degradation of a system
component as a result of a
Primary Failure.
Systems with Secondary
Failures are listed on the
right side preceded by an
asterisk.
If a Primary failure occurs,
the PNF needs to continue
using the CLR pb to cycle
through the Secondary
Failure(s).
Soas the PNF continues
to use the CLR pb, the
listed system pages will be
displayed on the SD.
Additional Indications

A system without an
asterisk, listed on the right
side, is an overflow failure
message.
A green overflow symbol
indicates one of the
following:
Overflow failure
message(s)
Overflow blue
action items
By executing the ECAM
(completing blue action
items and/or using the
CLR pb) the overflow
failure(s) eventually
display when enough
space becomes available.
Overflow Failures

If any indications appear
on the right side, the PNF
will need to continue
executing the ECAM.
Remember the goal:
lights out. Notice the
lights on the ECAM
Control panel during each
clear.
The Secondary Failure
depictions (with asterisks)
indicate the corresponding
system page that will be
displayed following the
use of the CLR pb.

Note the system page
displayed after using the
CLR pb.
Clear bad
failure
Clear bad
failure?

System pages that are
displayed provide a
reminder to the pilot of
how the system is
affected by the abnormal.

The PNF does not need to
spend a great deal of time
analyzing the entire
system.

Time for the CLR pb
again.
Clear electric Clear electric?

Clearing the last system
page, automatically calls
up the STATUS page.

The STATUS page is
always the last page
displayed during an
ECAM procedure.
Are we lights out?

NO!!!
Clear
hydraulic
Clear
hydraulic?
Review STATUS
Page
ECAM Actions
PNF
Before using the CLR pb
again, the PNF should
review the STATUS page.
The STATUS page
provides a review of the
inoperative systems,
approach procedures, and
notes.
Clear status Clear status?

After reviewing the
STATUS page, the PNF
uses the CLR pb to clear
the STATUS page and
return the ECAM to a
lights out condition.
STS
Review STATUS
Page
ECAM Actions
PNF
The ECAM procedure is
complete when:
No ECAM
messages are
displayed on the
E/WD
No pb lights on the
ECAM control panel
Also, the SD returns to
the page appropriate to
the current phase of flight
(e.g., CRUISE page).
Lights out
ECAM actions
completed

The STS symbol provides
a reminder that the
STATUS page contains
unusual items caused by
system abnormals.

After the ECAM is
complete (lights out), the
PNF should refer to the
QRH and/or FCOM VOL-
3.
Review STATUS
Page
Refer to QRH
and/or
FCOM VOL-3
ECAM Actions
Communicate
Navigation
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PNF
Cancel & Identify
Above 400 ft AGL
PF

QRH or FCOM?
The QRH contains some
specific procedures which
are NOT identified by the
ECAM.
As a general rule, the
procedures displayed on
the ECAM are not
provided in the QRH
Review STATUS
Page
Refer to QRH
and/or
FCOM VOL-3
ECAM Actions
PNF
The QRH is
REQUIRED to be
carried by the pilot
in paper form.
FCOM VOL-3 is
only available
using the LPC
system.

However, in the case of
an electrical emergency
configuration or a dual
hydraulic failure, which
generates an ECAM
procedure/checklist, the
corresponding QRH
SUMMARY.

Note: the QRH also
contains landing distance
multipliers and approach
speed adjustments under
ABNORMAL
PROCEDURES
MISCELLANEOUS.

Emergency or
Abnormal Not
Identified by
ECAM

The PNF should refer to
the QRH if :
an abnormal or
emergency arises
without ECAM
procedure
A landing distance
multiplier is required
A dual hydraulic or
emergency
electrical
configuration (QRH
Summaries)
condition arises
Dual Hydraulic
and Emergency
Electrical
Configuration
Landing Distance
Multipliers
Emergency or
Abnormal
Identified by
ECAM

For all other ECAM
procedures/checklists, the
FCOM VOL-3 for
additional information
after completing the
ECAM!
The FCOM VOL-3
contains additional notes
on ECAM procedures and
is a good source of
abnormal information.
Brief PF
Forgot the name of the
ECAM procedure?
ELEC TR 1 FAULT
The Recall (RCL) pb

The RCL pb allows the
pilot to re-display ECAM
failure messages. Any
blue action items that
were not completed also
reappear.
Brief PF

After completing ECAM
actions and reviewing the
3, both pilots should brief
each other.
Brief
Each
Other
Review STATUS
Page
Refer to QRH
and/or
FCOM VOL-3
ECAM Actions
Communicate
Navigation
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions
PNF
PF
Cancel & Identify
Above 400 ft AGL
PNF
PF
Brief PF

After completing ECAM
actions and reviewing the
3, both pilots should brief
each other.
Brief
Each
Other
PF PNF
Ive declared an
emergency. Were being
vectored for an ILS.
ECAM actions and
QRH/FCOM
completed
Brief PF

In addition, other people
should be advised of the
situation including:

Dispatch

Flight Attendants

Passengers
Brief
Each
Other
PF PNF
Additional ECAM Topic

The guarded Emergency
Cancel (EMER CANC) pb
is used for canceling
nuisance messages, (i.e.,
preventing them from
reappearing) It is not for
canceling legitimate
ECAM messages! USE
IT WITH CARE!!!
NUISANCE MESSAGE
- TURN THIS THING! . . . . . . . . . OFF

EMER CANC

EMER CANC pb allows
the pilot to cancel the
warning lights and aural
warnings as long as the
condition is present.

The EMER CANC pb
DOES NOT cancel the
ECAM warning message.
V
Dv
D
SMOKE AFT CARGO SMOKE
- AFT ISOL VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . .OFF
- CARGO SMOKE DISCH . . . . . .SH

EMER CANC

EMER CANC pb allows
the pilot to cancel any
current CAUTION listed
on the top line of the
ECAM, preventing it from
reappearing for the rest of
the flight.

The ECAM message,
master caution, and
single chime are all
canceled.
Examples of appropriate use of the
EMER CANC pb would be:
A CAUTION message generated as a result of
a deferred discrepancy per the MEL/CDL
Intermittent and random nuisance CAUTION
messages that have been dealt with previously

NOTE: A canceled caution message may be
recalled by pressing the RCL pb for a short
time.
EMER CANC

When a CAUTION is
canceled, the STATUS
page is automatically
displayed. The message
CANCELED CAUTION
and the title of the failure
that has been inhibited
appear.
Continue with the trip?
ASAP?
Additional Considerations
Deactivate the CVR?
NASA Form?
Some Common Mistakes
PF becoming PNF.
PNF becoming PF.
Going straight to the FCOM or QRH
(bypassing the ECAM).
Failing to achieve lights out
Executing the wrong FCOM or QRH
procedure (read the warning/caution title
carefully)
Example of an In-Flight
Emergency Procedure
ENG 1 FIRE
ENGINE FIRE
I have control
and ATC.
ECAM actions
Confirm Thrust
Lever 1?
Confirm
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
ENG 1 FIRE
Confirm ENG
MASTER 1?
Confirm
ENG 1 FIRE
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
ENG 1 FIRE
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
ENG 1 FIRE
Confirm Fire pb
1?
Confirm
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
ENG 1 FIRE
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
Clear ENG 1
shutdown?
Clear ENG 1
shutdown
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
Clear
hydraulic?
Clear
hydraulic
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
Clear electric?
Clear electric.
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
Clear bleed?
Clear bleed
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
STS
Clear status?
Clear status
LAND ASAP
STS
LAND ASAP
ECAM actions
completed.
Questions
You have the
airplane and
ATC.

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LECTURE TOPIC Abnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures

LECTURE TOPIC Abnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures

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