Supersonic Nozzle Flow Supersonic Nozzle Flow

Simulations using LeMANS

Anand Dhariya
University of Michigan AnnArbor University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Theproblem:NozzledesignforNASAcapsule
Propulsive decelerator: Use rockets to
slow down reentering vehicle as opposed
to using thermal ablation and heavy heat to using thermal ablation and heavy heat
cladding q o
0.5
U
3
University of MichiganExternal and y g
internal flow CFD of capsule
University of Virginia Wind tunnel testing
D i i di i i Design a convergingdiverging supersonic
nozzle with exit Mach number of 2 and
exit diameter 0.5 mm
Generate 3D meshes in GAMBIT for
existing diverging nozzle designs
Nozzledesigncalculations
Isentropic equation: r
exit
=0.25 mm, M
exit
=2, =1.4, M
inlet
=0.1
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1
1
2
M
1
1
2 1
2
A
Divergence angle=20
o
, Radius of curvature=2x (throat radius)
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1 2
M
2

1
1
2
M
throat
A
g g , ( )
NozzleDesign1:Alldimensionsinmm
LeMANScode
LeMANS stands for LeMichigan Aerothermodynamics NavierStokes Solver
Designed for external hypersonic flow simulation is now capable of internal
supersonic flow simulations as well supersonic flow simulations as well
Can be run on UNIX based machines and parallel computing servers (Nyx
AMD 64bit cluster 464 nodes, 210 G per node & 264 G RAM nodes
A PBS(Portable Batch System) Script is written for running the code
Boundary conditions and inlet flow parameters are set
#!/bin/sh
#PBSS/bin/sh
#PBSNcase1_2r
#PBSlnodes=8:ppn=2,walltime=24:00:00,qos=preempt
#PBSqcac
Inflow Region1 Region2
Velocity(m/s) 34.87 34.87 34.87
Density(kg/m
3
) 2.896 2.896 0.037
q
#
echo"Iranon:"
cat$PBS_NODEFILE
#
cd/home/anandmd/lemans_release/2r/case1
/ / / / ${ }
Wall
temperature(K)
293 293 293
Flow
temperature(K)
292.4 292.4 292.4
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/anandmd/metis/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH
mpiexecnp16./lemans
Designmodification Changeradiusofcurvature
Mach number profile at
outlet for Nozzle Design 1 is
not uniform and averaged at not uniform and averaged at
about 1.8
Average calculated as
First approach Change
NozzleDesign2
( )

=
r
r r M
M
) (
radius of curvature at throat
Reducingradiusofcurvature
more uniform profile moreuniformprofile
NozzleDesign3
Designmodification Changethroatradius
Mach no plotted against axial
length and extrapolated to
Mach 2 Mach 2
Exit radius corresponding to
Mach 2 calculated as 0.279
mm
Ratio of exit radius to throat
radius is constant radius is constant
New (reduced) throat radius
calculated
Nozzle design 4 has throat
radius and radius of
c r at re 0 172 mm
NozzleDesign4
curvature 0.172 mm
Meshgeneration
Toestablishgrid
independence,6meshes
MeshgeneratedinGAMBITQuadrilateralmeshelementsused
p ,
ofdifferentresolutions
weregenerated
No.of Nozzle
Mesh verticalcells Ratio 1 2 3 4
1 75 1.1 14625 11850 18901 12750
2 100 1.08 26000 21100 33700
3 125 1.08 40375 33000 52625
4 150 1.05 66000 47250 75750
5 175 1.05 79450 64400 103075
6 200 1.04 103800 84000 134800 90600
Gridcomparison Machnumber
Results
Althoughnozzledimensionsarequitesmall,boundarylayereffectis
notaspronouncedaspreviouslythought
Nozzle
Average Avg.
3
Avg.U Avg.T
m (kg/ms)
d l
Re d
Reynoldsno,
Nozzle
Mach (kg/m
3
) (m/s) (K)
m(kg/m s)
(mm) (mm)
Re_d
1 1.8239 0.71 464.3 175.6 1.152E05 0.5 1.04 1.43e4
2 1.8185 0.7 467.1 174.9 1.148E05 0.5 1.07 1.42e4
3 1.8268 0.69 473.7 174.9 1.148E05 0.5 1.39 1.42e4
y
Re=(Ud)/
Allvalues>10,000
4 2.0363 0.54 497.2 161.7 1.073E05 0.5 1.08 1.25e4
Machnumbercontour Temperaturecontour
Machno.andtemperatureprofilecomparison
ThroatradiushasastrongereffectonMachnumberatexitthan
radiusofcurvature
Machnumberprofileatexit Temperatureprofileatnozzleexit
3DMeshgeneration
Nozzle A and B
designed previously
had their exits slant
to ensure its flush
with capsule exterior
Nozzle no longer Nozzle no longer
axissymmetric
NozzleA
Structured Hexahedral grid
elements used for 3D mesh elements used for 3D mesh
Mesh file size is lower when
structured mesh used
3DMesh
Conclusion
The fears of boundary layer skewing the smooth flow through
nozzle were laid to rest
Th CFD l i f th C D l i d fl t The CFD analysis for the CD nozzle gave required flow parameters
viz. Mach number, Temperature, Pressure, Velocity and Density
Since CFD is cheaper than experimental prototype testing the study Since CFD is cheaper than experimental prototype testing the study
has reduced number of wind tunnel tests that would be required
This project helped me hone my CFD skills and 3D mesh generation
b l d capabilities were improved
All drawings made in AutoCAD while graphs were plotted in
Tecplot/MatLAB increasing experience using these software Tecplot/MatLAB increasing experience using these software
Th k Y ThankYou
http://sitemaker.umich.edu/anand/home