1 sample t test

Problem Statement - Measuring depressive system of the sample of the people taken.
H0: The depression level of the sample is same as that of the population
Ha: The depression level of the sample is significantly different as that of the population


Interpretation:
As we do not know the population variance so we are using 1 sample test. We have to find whether
the mean of the sample is different from the normal population average of 1.5.

Two tables are shown. The first is the one sample statistics table which shows the amount of
depression in the people. N is the no of people participated in the study. Mean is the average of the
depression present of the sample of the people, stand deviation and standard error.
In the second table we measure the amount of depression from the first 3 values of the table. In this
t absorbed, df is degrees of freedom and the significant value which is same as p value. If significance
value is smaller than the alpha which is equal to .05 , then we will reject the hypothesis . Here the
significance value is .02 that means more depressive symptoms are there than the population.

Independent sample t test
Problem statement: To find out if there is a sifnificant difference between IQ scores of males and
females
H0 : There is no difference between the IQ scores of males and females
Ha : There is significant difference between IQ scores of males and females
The genders alog with the IQ scores are shown below:


Alpha = .05

Interpretation
In Levenes test the value uf Sig > .05 , hence we cannot decide at this point and we will have to
check sig(2tailed) value for Equal variances assumes i.e. .000 . Since this value is less than .05 ,
we reject null hyouthesis and conclude that there is a significant difference between IQ score of
males and females
Paired sample t test
Problem statement
Marketing research analytics of company want to compare the price of watch of company A and B
.He has taken sample of 8 retail stores in India with the 0.01 level. Verify whether company A watch
sell for less than company B watch. Sample taken from the retail shop are as follows:
Price A($) Price B($)
10 11
8 11
7 10
9 12
11 11
10 13
9 12
8 10

H0: ud=0 (uA-uB=0)
Ha: ud<0
= 0.01
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
PriceA 9.00 8 1.309 .463
PriceB 11.25 8 1.035 .366







Interpretation:
As we can see from the test output , p value =.001 is less than significant level (0.01).So we reject
the null hypothesis and conclude that company A watch sells at lesser price than the company B
watch .

Problem statement: A marketing firm want to know whether the income level of people influence
the purchase of their for brands which are BrandA, BrandB, BrandC and BrandD respectively .A
sample of 600 consumers were taken and following data emerged






H0: There is no association between the brand preference and income level (These two attributes
are independent).
Ha: There is association between brand preference and income level (These two attributes are
dependent).
Level of Significance = .05
Case Processing Summary
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean Std.
Deviati
on
Std.
Error
Mean
99% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Pair 1 PriceA - PriceB -2.250 1.165 .412 -3.691 -.809 -5.463 7 .001
Brands
Brand1 Brand2 Brand3 Brand4 Total
Income
Lower 25 15 55 65 160
Middle 30 25 35 30 120
Upper
Middle 50 55 20 22 147
Upper 60 80 15 18 173
Total 165 175 125 135 600
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Income * Brand 600 100.0% 0 0.0% 600 100.0%



Income * Brand Crosstabulation
Count
Brand Total
BrandA BrandB BrandC BrnadD
Income
Low 25 15 55 65 160
Middle 30 25 35 30 120
Uppermiddle 50 55 20 22 147
High 60 80 15 18 173
Total 165 175 125 135 600



Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 131.766
a
9 .000
Likelihood Ratio 138.105 9 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 84.357 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 600



Interpretation: chi square

As we can see from the SPSS output, value of p <0.05 which proves that null hypothesis is rejected
and there is relation between brand and income level.

Problem statement: X Company recorded the sale of Product A for the first 20 days of the month
Verify whether data is normally distributed or not. Sales details are provided below

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Sale 16 20 22 23 23 25 24 20 17 17 25 22 20 19 17 15 17 18 23 23

In this example, the null hypothesis is that the data is normally distributed and the alternative
hypothesis is that the data is not normally distributed.


Statistic Std. Error
Sale
Mean 20.20 .694
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Lower Bound 18.75

Upper Bound 21.65

5% Trimmed Mean 20.22

Median 20.00

Variance 9.642

Std. Deviation 3.105

Minimum 15

Maximum 25

Range 10

Interquartile Range 6

Skewness -.008 .512
Kurtosis -1.237 .992


Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Sale .149 20 .200
*
.943 20 .274
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

Interpretation:
For dataset small than 2000 elements, we use the Shapiro-Wilk test; otherwise, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is
used. In our case, since we have only 20 elements, the Shapiro-Wilk test is used. From test of normality, the p-value
is 0.274 which is greater than 0.05. We can reject the alternative hypothesis and conclude that the data comes from
a normal distribution.

Problem statement : A company has fifteen male and fifteen as his employee .Salary structure of each employee
is different which has been provided below .Identify the outliers using box plot.

Gender Salary (Rs)
Male 20000 30000 40000 12000 15000 7000 14000 12600 18000 12300 14500 17000 60000 27000 13000
Female 12000 18000 10000 8000 5000 6000 7000 9000 4000 6000 17000 30000 3200 23000 14000

Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Salary 15 75.0% 5 25.0% 20 100.0%

Interpretation:
Dark line in the middle of the box is median of the salary .We also observed that salary for third and
thirteen male employer are outliers as they have value more than three times the height of the box
while twelfth female employer is outlier .We can also see that average salary of female is less than the
male .