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..... (2)
V
s
=
-
= 23.662 cm/s
R
D
=
. (3)
R
D
=
= 121.267
Table 2: Settling velocities and Reynolds numbers for sandstone particles and glass beads.
Sandstone Particles Glass Beads
V
w
23.662 cm/s V
w
315.526 cm/s
V
o
1.288 cm/s V
o
17.395 cm/s
Re
w
121.267 Re
w
6342.073
Re
o
.33 Re
o
17.482
For the second part of this experiment, we measured the settling velocity using large graduated cylinders
filled with mineral oil and water. We took several measurements of the time it took for the glass beads
and sandstone particles to reach from the top to the bottom of the graduated cylinder. For the sandstone
particles and glass beads in mineral oil, the height of the graduated cylinder was 36 cm. For the
sandstone particles and glass beads in water, the height of the graduated cylinder was 46.5 cm. The
settling velocities were found using Equation 4, and are shown in Table 3 below.
V
s
= h/t .. (4)
V
s
= 46.5/1.519 = 30.612 cm/s
Table 3: Settling velocities for sandstone particles and glass beads.
Glass Beads Sandstone Particles
Time Trial Water (s) Oil Trial 1 (s) Oil Trial 2 (s) Water (s) Oil Trial 1 (s) Oil Trial 2 (s)
1 1.52 3.41 3.58 5.77
2 1.56 3.47 3.60 5.88
3 1.47 3.47 3.54 6.24
4 1.59 3.32 3.58 6.83
5 1.51 3.59 3.60 6.59
6 1.40 3.44 3.56 5.83
7 1.54 3.54 3.59
8 1.50 3.51 3.62
9 1.57 3.37 3.67
10 1.53 3.49 3.58
Ave. Time 1.519 3.461 3.592 6.19 24.62 31.6
V
s
30.612 cm/s 10.402 cm/s 10.022 cm/s 7.512 cm/s 1.462 cm/s 1.139 cm/s
Conclusion
In summary, from this lab I learned how to properly use the Stokes Law and Reynolds number equations.
Stokes Law can only be used when the Reynolds number is below .5 meaning that Stokes Law can only
be used when the flow is laminar. The only settling velocity that was valid with Stokes Law in this
experiment was with the sandstone particles in the mineral oil. The settling velocity calculated in the first
part of this experiment for the sandstone particles in mineral oil was very close to the values calculated in
the second part of this experiment. The other settling velocities found in the first part of the experiment
varied tremendously from the settling velocities calculated in the second part of the experiment. This
supports the Reynolds numbers calculated for the settling velocities in part one. In addition, the method
used in the second part of this experiment is more accurate because of the possibility to take the average
time due to multiple time trials. Errors that could have occurred in this lab could be attributed to the
starting and the stopping of the stopwatches during time taking in the second part of this experiment.