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Design of a Savoinius Wind turbine that produces 10 KW of Power

Design Proposal
In partial fulfillment of the reuirements in !luid "achiner#
S$%"I&&'D %()
'l King "* Posadas I+,"'
Sean &utaan
S$%"I&&'D &-)
'ngr* 'rnesto "* Ponce P*"*'* "*%*.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET
CHAPTERS
P./'
.c0nowledgement 111111111111111111** 1
%ac0ground of the Stud#111111111111111111** 2
.ctual design 1111111111111111111** 3
Data of the Design1111111111111111111** 4
Data sheet11111111111111111111111** 4
!ormulation1111111111111111111* 5
.ssumption1111111111111111111* 12
Design drawn11111111111111111111** 16
7alculation1111111111111111111111* 13
Summari8ation1111111111111111111111*** 20
Design draw in the field111111111111111111111 21
9ecommendation1111111111111111111* 22
7onclusion11111111111111111 22
9eference111111111111111111111111** 26
:
Acknowledgement:
!irst of all I would ac0nowledge our Professor 'ngr* 'rnesto ;* Ponce P*"*'<
"*%*.* for helping me to complete and give me ideas for designing this pro=ect and
than0ing him for being a good teacher and a good e>ample for us* ?e is the one who
pushes us to our limit to ma0e impossible things and giving us deeper understanding
on our lessons* I would li0e to than0 also m# parents for giving me advices and
willingl# supporting me trough m# hard times* I would li0e to than0 also m#
colleagues for giving comments and advices on m# design* -f course I would than0
/od for giving me inspiration and strength in life even in m# worst da#s and
hardships* If it is not for him I cannot do this design*
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Backgo!nd o" t#e St!d$
Power energ# is one of the biggest consumption of people whether it comes from nuclear<
solar< mechanical< h#dro< wind< thermal< sound< 0inetic< geothermal and so forth* &hese entire
things are consumed b# each one of us*
;i0ewise< h#dro power is something that we need to focus on since it is free and available
to an#one* .s a result< this e>plains wh# generating energ# through h#dro power has become one
of the cheapest methods* ?#dro Power also signifies a renewable source of energ#* In no wa#
could #ou ever run out of h#dro power* It is capable of generating considerabl# high amounts of
e>tractable power< which is higher than the uantit# used b# humans currentl# from all combined
sources available*
&here are man# wa#s in which transforming water into energ# can be beneficial< as water is used
for a variet# of purposes and activities*
We shall now e>plore a range of h#dro energ# factors< including how water can be fun and how
to use this water to #our own advantage*
h#dro energ# has e>isted since life on our planet began@ it is currentl# used in recreation and
industr#*
water turbine is a device that converts 0inetic energ# from the water into mechanical energ#* If
the mechanical energ# is used to produce electricit#< the device ma# be called a water
generator or water charger* If the mechanical energ# is used to drive machiner#< such as for
grinding grain or pumping water< the device is called a tidal mill or water pump* Developed for
over a millennium< toda#As wind turbines are manufactured in a range of vertical and hori8ontal
a>is t#pes*
water turbines are useful for man# people* It is not =ust environmental friendl# and it generates
power for us* We =ust need to 0now how to use our resources well*
. tide mill is a water mill driven b# tidal rise and fall* . dam with a sluice is created across a
suitable tidal inlet< or a section of riverestuar# is made into a reservoir* .s the tide comes in< it
enters the mill pond through a one wa# gate< and this gate closes automaticall# when the tide
begins to fall* When the tide is low enough< the stored water can be released to turn a water
wheel*
&ide mills are usuall# situated in river estuaries< awa# from the effects of waves but close
enough to the sea to have a reasonable tidal range* &hese mills have e>isted since the "iddle
.ges< and some ma# go bac0 to the 9oman period*
. modern version of a tide mill is the electricit# generating tidal barrage*
Bewer t#pes of tidal power often propose a dam across a large river estuar#* .lthough it
represents a source of renewable energ#< each proposal tends to come under local opposition
because of its li0el# impact on coastal habitats* -ne proposal< which came to fruition in 1C44< is
the 9ance barrage which generates 230"W* $nli0e historical tide mills which could onl#
operate on an ebb tide< the 9ance barrage can generate electricit# on both flows of the tide or it
can be used for pumped storage depending on demand* . less intrusive design is for a 1"W free
standing turbine< constructed in 2005 at Strangford ;ough Barrows , also close to an old tide
mill*
&he Darrieus t!%&ne is popular for t&dal current power generation in Dapan* It is simple in
structure with straight wings rotating around a vertical a>is< so that it has no directionalit#
against the motion of t&dal flow which changes its direction twice a da#* ?owever< there is
one defect in the Darrieus t!%&ne@ its small starting torue* -nce it stops< a Darrieus
turbine is hard to re,start until a fairl# fast current is e>erted on it* &o improve the starting
torue of the Darrieus t!%&ne used for t&dal power generation< a h#brid t!%&ne< composed
of a Darrieus t!%&ne and a 'a(on&!' rotor is proposed* ?#drod#namic characteristics of a
semi,circular section used for the Sa(on&!' buc0et were measured in a wind tunnel* &he
torue of a two buc0et Savonius rotor was measured in a circulating water channel< where
four different configurations of the buc0et were compared* . combined Darrieus and
Sa(on&!' T!%&ne was tested in the circulating water channel< where the effect of the
attaching angle between Darrieus wing and Sa(on&!' rotor was studied* !inall#< power
generation e>periments using a EF pole electric generator were conducted in a towing tan0
and the power coefficients were compared with the results of e>periments obtained in the
circulating water channel*
Act!al de'&gn:
Parameters that should be considered upon the application of the Savonius wind turbine*
1* T#e locat&on G this is essential to the design this factor will affect the design* &he wind
velocit# of the location is needed for the efficienc# of the turbine* &he Savonius wind
turbine needs a lot of space and has a good wind velocit# for ma>imum efficienc#*
2* T#e '&)e o" t#e de'&gn G the si8e of the design is important because of the power needed
in this case I need to produce 10KW of turbine power so the area of the design will be in
a big scale design*
6* *eat#e cond&t&on' , the design should also consider the atmospheric conditions* &he
design is in a big scale so the design should withstand all the weather conditions*
E* Co't o" mate&al' !'ed &n t#e de'&gn G the cost is essential to the design* &he design
should be less cheap but efficient for the investors that will raise the funds for the pro=ect*
DATA OF THE DESI+N
I have been as0ed to design a Savonius wind turbine that will produce 10<000 Watts of
turbine power* It has a ma>imum height of E0 meters*
DATA SHEET
1* /iven output of 10<000 Watts or 10KW*
2* Wind velocit# of EmHs
6* Standard height of E0 meters
/iven in the data sheet above< I must consider the following
1*1 %ase on m# research< a windmill can attain those figures< a much more efficient 6
bladed is the most prefer modern design of windmill nowada#s@ it can produce a
much more efficient energ#* %ut in m# condition which I will create a savonius wind
turbine< a drag t#pe wind turbine< first I must consider the scale of m# wind turbine*
1*2 &he wind turbine can produce 10<000 Watts using the air velocit# of EmHs* &he wind
turbine should compl# to the standard velocit# of air*
1*6 Standard height of E0 meters to the ground level* It is the minimum height that should
be followed because of the wind velocit# above is greater than the air velocit# in
lower grounds*
Needed In"omat&on to com,lete t#e de'&gn and "om!lat&on':
In the data of the design I enumerate those parameters that are being given to possibl#
ma0e m# design but now I will e>tent it further for the data needed or information need for
me to complete m# design*
1* !irst I need to 0now the concepts and euations and principles used to compute for
m# wind turbine*
2* !irst we must anal#8e the forces hitting the blades b# anal#8ing drag forces of wind
to the blades*
!
D
I7
D
.
p
JK+
o
2
H2L
Where@
!
D
I Drag force
7
D
I7oefficient of drag
.
p
IPro=ected area
JI Densit# of air
+
o
I Initial velocit# of the wind
In this table we can determine the coefficient of drag where the wind passes on
different 0inds of shapes of blades*
6* &he tip speed ratio along with the coefficient of the rotor
.s #ou can see in the chart< the Savonius windmill has the ma>imum coefficient of *13
and tip speed ratio of *F< well this chart is being derived as an empirical< which is the
cause of e>perience of those e>perts dealing with turbine*
E* Com,!t&ng "o t#e Tangent&al (eloc&t$
&S9I +
%H
+
w
Where@
&S9I &IP SP''D 9.&I-
+
% I
&angential velocit#
+
w
I+elocit# of the wind
3* Com,!t&ng "o t#e e(ol!t&on ,e m&n!te
B I K+
b
H2MrL 40
Where@
+
b
I &angential force
r I radius of the blade to the shaft
4* Com,!t&ng "o ang!la (eloc&t$
/iving the euation
N I 2MBH40
Where@
N I angular velocit#
BI revolution per minute
5* Com,!t&ng "o t#e to-!e
!
D1
KrL,!
D2
KrL
I
&
Where@
!
D1
I Drag force on the Semicircular section 1
!
D2
I Drag force on the Semicircular section 2
r I radius from the center of the turbine to the tip of blades
F* Com,!t&ng t#e Powe o" t#e t!%&ne
P
&
I & N
Where@
P
&
I Power of the turbine
& I &orue
N I angular velocit#
C* Com,!t&ng "o t#e Powe o" t#e *&nd
P
w
I1H2J.+
1
6
Where@
P
w
I Power of the wind
J I Densit# of the air
+
1
I Initial velocit# of the wind
.
&
I .rea total of the blades
10* Com,!t&ng "o t#e '#a"t d&amete and 'elect&ng o" mate&al
D I K62KBLHMLKO6HEK&HS
#
L
2
L
1H6
Where@
B I Design factor
& I &orue
S
#
I (ield point
I
!irst< we must determine the properties of steel shaft*
!rom figure .E,2<
Bow we get the
1* S#
2* Percent 'longation more than 3P is ductile enough
Ot#e ele(ant a''!m,t&on' w. com,lete de'&gn /!'t&"&cat&on:
01 D&amete o" t#e %lade'
&he diameter of the blades is essential to the design* I anal#8e it well and reali8e that the
diameter and si8e of the blade is directl# proportional to the power output* &he material
that will be use for the blade is !iber reinforced plastic* &he thic0ness of the blade is *3
inch*
21 D&amete o" t#e '#a"t
&he diameter of the shaft is anal#8ed and base from m# understanding reading and
researching that the shaft need to be ductile because of fluctuating loads or d#namic
loads*
31 +eneato
&he generator will be a permanent generator magnet for vertical turbines* &he generator
will be connected along with a gear bo> to the bottom of the shaft of the turbine* &he
generator that will be use is a 60w generator* So I will be ma0ing E savonius wind
turbine so I can reach the 100w reuirement*
D'SI/B D9.WB
1* &he diameter of the blades* 'ach blade is a semi circular*
!orces acting upon the blades
2* &he total height of the turbine and the total height of the blades* 9epresentation of shaft
and the bearing* &he generator will be connected using a sproc0et above 1 meter the
below bearing*
6* &hree Dimensional drawing of the Savonius wind turbine
CALCULATION AND SU44ARI5ATION
1* /I+'B)
+ I EmHs
.I K20mLKFLI 140m
2
JI 1*26 0gHm
6
&S9I *F
2* 7omputing for the Drag force
!
D
I7
D
.
p
JK+
o
2
H2L
Where@ 7
D
is anal#8ed on the table of t#pes of drag force on the blade
!
D1
I 2*6KE>20LK1*26LKFL
!
D1
I 1F10*34 B
!
D2
I 1*2KE>20LK1*26LKFL
!
D2
I CEE*C2 B
!
D
total I !
D1 ,
!
D2
!
D
total I F43*C2 B
6* 7omputing for the &orue
$sing summation of "oment at the center of the %lades
!
D1
KrL,!
D2
KrL
I
&
1F10*34K6*30L , CEE*C2K6*30L I &
& I 6060*52 B,m
E* 7omputing for the tangential velocit#
&S9I +
%H
+
w
*FI +
%
HE
+
%
I 6*2 mHs
3* 7omputing for the revolution of the blades per minute
B I K+
b
H2MrL 40
B I K6*2H2MK6*3LLK40L
B I F*56 rpm
4* 7omputing for the Power of the &urbine
P
&
I & N
Where@
N I 2MBH40
P
&
I &K2MBH40L
P
&
I 6060*52K2MKF*56LH40L
P
&
I 2550*4C Watts
5* 7omputing for the Power of the Wind
P
w
I1H2J.+
1
6
P
w
I QKK1*26LK20>FLKEL
6
P
w
I42C5*4 Watts
F* 7omputing for the Shaft diameter
D I K62KBLHMLKO6HEK&HS
#
L
2
L
1H6
Where@
!rom table .E,2< We use .ISI 11EE C00!
B I 2*3 for the design factor
S
#
IF4<000
DI K62K2*3LHMLKO6HEK24F2E*0CHF4000L
2
L
1H6
DI *E1F m
C* !or the bearing for the shaft we will choose from the table below
In our computation of the shaft is E1Fmm so we will use the E00mm diameter of
bearing in the shaft available in the table*
10* &he generator will be use is a vertical permanent /enerator that can store 60w

&he gear ratio will be 1)4 in order to compl# to the rpm needed in the specification of
the generator*
S$"".9IR.&I-B
1* &otal Drag force I !
D
total I F43*C2 B
2* &orue I & I 6060*52 B,m
6* &angential velocit# I +
%
I 6*2 mHs
E* 9evolution I B I F*56 rpm
3* Power of the &urbine I P
&
I 2550*4C Watts
4* Power of the wind I P
w
I42C5*4 Watts
5* Shaft Diameter ID I *E1F m
F* .rea of the blades I 140m
2
C* &otal drag force I !
D
total I F43*C2 B
10* (ield point of the shaft I S
#
IF4<000
11* /enerator I 6Kw<33 rpm<1530g
12* Shaft material I .ISI 11EE C00!
16* "aterial for the blade I !iber reinforced plastic
1E* ?eight of the blades I 20 m
13* Diameter of the %lade I 5 m
14* &hic0ness of the blade is I *3 in
D'SI/B D9.W -B &?' !I';D
'ach turbine produces 2550*4C > E I11<0F2*54 Watts
RECOMMENDATION
From the results and researching about this turbine I may recommend that this kind of
turbine needs a place that has a wind velocity of 4m/s or higher. This turbine is a drag
type so it needs a high wind velocity. To maximize the power output we may need to
make a large savonius turbine. e may increase the height or enlarge the diameter. I
may recommend that the materials that will be used needs to be strong because it is a
drag type it catches power of wind to rotate.
CONCLUSION
In my experience designing the turbine! I have concluded that the savonius turbine
needs a lot of space because it needs to be a large one to produce a greater power. I
have concluded that the blades are semi circular with different drag coefficient in each
side. The savonius turbine is a high tor"ue it means that it can rotate easily the gears.
The generator is a permanent. The turbine needs two bearings. The savonius blade
velocity is slower than the wind. I have concluded that it needs a strong supports so it
may not cause danger.
/;-SS.9(
#. Drag !orce , refers to forces which act on a solid ob=ect in the direction of the
relative fluid flow velocit#
$. &orue , is the tendenc# of a force to rotate an ob=ect about an a>is<
6* &angential velocit# , When the rigid ob=ect rotates around in a circle< the linear velocit#
at a point r meters awa# from the center of the circle Kwith the vector being tangent to the
circleL is the tangential velocit#*
4. &urbine , is a rotar# engine that e>tracts energ# from a fluid flow and converts it into
useful wor0*
%. /enerator , an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energ# to electrical
energ#* . generator forces electric charge Kusuall# carried b# electronsL to flow through
an e>ternal electrical circuit*
&. Semi,circle , is a two,dimensional geometric shape that forms half of a circle*
'. Diameter , a diameter of a circle is an# straight line segment that passes through the
center of the circle and whose endpoints are on the circle*
(. 'longation , is the transformation of a bod# from a reference configuration to
a current configuration
). Densit# , material is defined as its mass per unit volume*
10* Wind energ#, is one of the most cost effective of all t#pes of renewable energ#* It does
not create pollution or waste and the fuel< wind< is not used faster than it is produced*
11* 'fficient , wind turbines< which convert the mechanical energ# of the wind into usable
electrical energ#< reuires e>tensive use of ph#sics
12* +.W& , are a t#pe of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft is set verticall# and the
main components are located at the base of the turbine:
16* .ngular velocit# ,is defined as the rate of change of angular displacement and is
a vector uantit# Kmore precisel#< a pseudovectorL which specifies the angular speed of
an ob=ect and the a>is about which the ob=ect is rotating*
#4. &ip Speed ratio , for wind turbines is the ratio between the rotational speed of the tip of a
blade and the actual velocit# of the wind*
#%. 7oefficient of Drag , is a dimensionless uantit# that is used to uantif# the drag or
resistance of an ob=ect in a fluid environment such as air or water*
14* /ear , is a rotating machine part having cut teeth< or cogs< which mesh with another
toothed part in order to transmit torue*
15* %earing , is a device to allow constrained relative motion between two or more parts<
t#picall# rotation or linear movement*
Re"eence':
1* 7rowe< 'lger< 9obertson* 'ngineering !luidmechanics* Wile# eight 'dition
2* S* ;* Di>on and 7*.* ?all< !luid "echanics and &hermod#namics of &urbomachiner#<
Si>th 'dition*
6* "ott 9obert ;* "achine 'lements Design . Practical .pproach< ;P' !ourth 'dition

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