State of Maharashtra V Abu Saleem Ansari

State of Maharashtra v.
Abu Salem Abdul Kayyum Ansari (SC)

2011 CriLJ 1 : 2011(1) AIR Bom.R 77 : 2010(6) Law Herald (SC) 4116 : 2010(4) Crimes
(SC) 209 : 2010(10) SCC 179 : 2011 AIR (SC) (Cri) 231 : 2010(4) R.C.R.(Crimial) 633 :
2010(!) Re"e# A$e% J&d'me#s (R.A.J.) !74 : 2010(10) S"ale !14
SUPREME CUR! " #$%#A
Be(ore )* +. Sa#,asi-am ad R... Lod,a/ JJ.
Crimial A$$eal 0o. 192! o( 2001. 23d. !.10.2010.
State of Maharashtra & A''ellant
(ersus
Abu Salem Abdul Kayyum Ansari ) rs. & Res'ondents
4or #,e A$$ella# )* Ar& +ede5ar/ Sa6a7 8. 9,arde ad .s. As,a :o$ala 0air/
Ad-o"a#es.
4or #,e Res$ode# )* Ris,i .al,o#ra/ .s. .rima7ee Sa,& ad S,i-a6i .. Jad,a-/
Ad-o"a#es.
$U!S*E++
I( a a""om$li"e is 'ra#ed $ardo/ ,e ;e"omes a wi#ess (or $rose"&#io/ ;&# w,e $ardo
is wi#,draw/ ,e is rele'a#ed #o $osi#io o( a""&sed.
A. Criminal Pro,edure Code- Se,tions ./0- ./1 and ./2 & A''rover & ffen,e
,ommitted as a result of ,ons'ira,y bet3een a,,used 'ersons & !ender of 'ardon
to a,,om'li,e & b4e,t of Se,tion ./0 is to allo3 'ardon in ,ases 3here heinous
offen,e is alle5ed to have been ,ommitted by several 'ersons so that 3ith the aid
of the eviden,e of the 'erson 5ranted 'ardon- the offen,e may be brou5ht home to
the rest & Ma5istrate under Se,tion ./0 Criminal Pro,edure Code is also
em'o3ered to tender 'ardon to an a,,om'li,e at any sta5e of in6uiry or trial but
not at the sta5e of investi5ation on ,ondition of his ma7in5 full and true dis,losure
of the entire ,ir,umstan,es 3ithin his 7no3led5e relative to the ,rime & n,e an
a,,om'li,e is 5ranted 'ardon- he stands dis,har5ed as an a,,used and be,omes
3itness for the 'rose,ution & *o3ever- on,e the 'ardon is 3ithdra3n or forfeited
on the ,ertifi,ate 5iven by the Publi, Prose,utor that su,h 'erson has failed to
,om'ly 3ith the ,ondition on 3hi,h the tender 3as made- he is reverted to the
'osition of an a,,used and liable to be tried se'arately. A#R 89:; Su'reme Court
080 relied.
<+aras 13/ 14 ad 17=
<. Criminal Pro,edure Code- Se,tions ./0- ./1 and ./2 & #ndian Penal Code-
Se,tion ./= & A''rover & Criminal trial & Murder as a result of ,ons'ira,y & Pardon
5ranted to an a,,om'li,e on ,ondition of his ma7in5 a true and full dis,losure of
fa,ts ,on,ernin5 the ,rime & A''rover e>amined by Prose,ution- but he refused to
tell about the ,ons'ira,y & n a ,ertifi,ate issued by Publi, Prose,utor 'ardon
5ranted a''rover 3as forfeited & n forfeiture of 'ardon the a''rover is rele5ated
to the 'osition of a,,used & %efen,e ,annot be allo3ed to ,ross e>amine him.
<+ara 24=
C. Criminal Pro,edure Code- Se,tion .8: & S,o'e of Se,tion .8: Criminal Pro,edure
Code e>'lained & Se,tion .8: ,learly lays do3n that an a,,used ,annot be
,om'elled to 5ive eviden,e e>,e't on his o3n re6uest in 3ritin5 & Arti,le =/(.) of
the Constitution 'rote,ts an a,,used from bein5 ,alled or ,om'elled to be 3itness
a5ainst himself.
<+ara 22=
Cases Re(erred )
A. J. +eiris -. S#a#e o( .adras/ AIR 19!4 S&$reme Co&r# 616.
S#a#e -. Hiralal :ird,arilal 9o#,ari/ AIR 1960 S&$reme Co&r# 360.
S#a#e (2el,i Admiis#ra#io) -. Ja'6i# Si',/ 1919(1) R.C.R. (Crimial) 212 ) 1919 S&$$ (2)
SCC 770.
J>2:.?0@
R.M. +odha- ?. * @,e A&es#io w,i", #,is Co&r# ,as #o arri-e a# a "o"l&sio i #,is "rimial
a$$eal $re(erred ;7 #,e S#a#e o( .a,aras,#ra &der Se"#io 19 o( #,e @erroris# ad
2isr&$#i-e A"#i-i#ies (+re-e#io) A"#/ 1917 ( (or s,or# B@A2A A"#B)/ is w,e#,er/ #,e a""&sed
,as a ri',# #o "ross e%amie a a""om$li"e w,o ,as ;ee #edered i e-ide"e ;7 #,e
$rose"&#io as a$$ro-er ;&# la#er o $ardo #edered #o ,im was wi#,draw o a "er#i(i"a#e
o( #,e +&;li" +rose"&#or &der Se"#io 301 o( #,e Code o( Crimial +ro"ed&re/ 1973 ((or
s,or#/ BCrimial +ro"ed&re CodeB) ad ,e (a$$ro-er) ,as o# ;ee (&r#,er e%amied ;7 #,e
$rose"&#io as i#s wi#ess.
2. @,e a(oresaid A&es#io arises i #,is wa7. A "er#ai +radee$ Jai (;&ilder) was alle'edl7
elimia#ed ;7 ,ired 'a's#ers o .ar", 7/ 199! ad ,is ;ro#,er S&il Jai was a##em$#ed #o
;e 5illed o #,a# da7 (or o# s&""&m;i' #o #,e $ress&re o( $ar#i' wi#, #,eir laded
$ro$er#7 si#&a#e i .&m;ai A "rime ;ei' CR 0o. 14! o( 199! was re'is#ered wi#, 2.0.
0a'ar +oli"e S#a#io/ .&m;ai. A(#er "om$le#io o( i-es#i'a#io/ ii#iall7 (ew $ersos were
arres#ed ad #,e7 were ",ar'e s,ee#ed ad #ried (or #,e o((e"es $&is,a;le &der Se"#ios
302/ 307/ 120B/ 23/ 114 Idia +eal Code/ Se"#ios 3/ 2!(1B)(a)/ !/ 27 o( #,e Arms A"#
ad Se"#ios 3(2)(i)/ 3(2(ii)/ 3(3)/ 3(!)/ !/ 6 o( @A2A A"# ;7 #,e J&d'e/ 2esi'a#ed Co&r#/
.&m;ai. @,e $rese# res$ode#s "o&ld o# ;e #ried as #,e7 were a;s"odi'. @,e J&d'e/
2esi'a#ed Co&r#/ -ide 6&d'me# da#ed A&'&s# !/ 1997 a"A&i##ed #,e a""&sed w,o were
#ried. @,e S#a#e o( .a,aras,#ra "arried a$$eal i #,e ma##er ;e(ore #,is Co&r# ad -ide
6&d'me# da#ed J&l7 11/ 2001/ #,is Co&r# $ar#l7 se# aside #,e 6&d'me# o( #,e J&d'e/
2esi'a#ed Co&r#/ .&m;ai ad "o-i"#ed some o( #,e a""&sed w,o were #ried.
3. C Se$#em;er 11/ 2002 A;& Salem A;d&l 9a77&m Asari (res$ode# 0o. 1) ad oe
.oi5a Bedi were arres#ed i +or#&'al. @,e7 were e%#radi#ed ad ;ro&',# #o Idia. @,e
e%#radi#io was 'ra#ed (or res$ode# 0o. 1 i res$e"# o( +radee$ Jai m&rder "ase/
Bom;a7 Bom; Blas# "ase ad A6i# 2iwai m&rder "ase. C 0o-em;er 11/ 200!/ as soo as
#,e res$ode# 0o. 1 was ;ro&',# #o Idia/ ,e was arres#ed ;7 Ce#ral B&rea& o(
I-es#i'a#io (CBI) i Bom;a7 Bom; Blas# "ase ad la#er o ,e was #a5e i#o "&s#od7 ;7
A#i @erroris# SA&ad/ .&m;ai i "oe"#io wi#, +radee$ Jai m&rder "ase. @,e res$ode#
0o. 1 was ",ar'ed alo' wi#, .o,d. 0aeem A;d&l Ra,im 9,a (res$ode# 0o. 2)/ Ri7aD
A,med SiddiA&e (res$ode# 0o. 3)/ .o,d. Hassa .e,edi Hassa (res$ode# 0o. 4) ad
8iredra 5&mar Bi,arilal J,am; (res$ode# 0o. !)/ ,a-i' "os$ired i 2&;ai wi#, (ew
o#,ers #o m&rder +radee$ Jai ad #,a# i $&rs&a"e o( #,is "os$ira"7/ +radee$ Jai was
m&rdered o .ar", 7/ 199!. C A$ril 21/ 2006/ #,e $oli"e s&;mi##ed ",ar'e s,ee# a'ais#
#,e $rese# res$ode# os. 1 #o ! ad a""ordi'l7 @A2A S$e"ial Case 0o. 1 o( 2006 ;e'a
;e(ore #,e Co&r# o( 2esi'a#ed Bom;a7 Blas# Cases/ :rea#er .&m;ai ((or s,or#/ B2esi'a#ed
Co&r#B) .
4. C J&l7 3/ 2006/ #,e res$ode# 0o. 3 (Ri7aD A,med SiddiA&e) addressed a le##er #o
Assis#a# Commissioer o( +oli"e/ A#i @erroris# SA&ad (I.C.) e%$ressi' ,is desire #o
dis"lose #r&l7 ad (&ll7 #,e (a"#s $er#aii' #o "os$ira"7 w,i", ,ad #a5e $la"e a# 2&;ai i
"oe"#io wi#, #,e m&rder o( +radee$ Jai.
!. C J&l7 7/ 2006 #,e I-es#i'a#i' C((i"er made a a$$li"a#io &der Se"#io 307 Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code ;e(ore #,e 2esi'a#ed Co&r# #,a# #,e res$ode# 0o. 3 ma7 ;e #edered
$ardo o ,is readiess ad willi'ess #o dis"lose #r&e ad "orre"# (a"#s a;o&# #,e
"os$ira"7 ,a#",ed ;7 #,em (or #,e m&rder o( +radee$ Jai.
6. C J&l7 11/ 2006 #,e 2esi'a#ed Co&r# #edered $ardo #o #,e res$ode# 0o. 3 &der
Se"#io 307 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad $ermi##ed #,e $rose"&#io #o e%amie ,im as
wi#ess i #,e #rial. I #,a# order/ #,e 2esi'a#ed Co&r# o#ed #,a# #,e a$$ro-er is s&$$osed
#o de$ose #r&e ad "orre"# (a"#s $er#aii' #o #,e "rime ad #,a# ,e (a$$ro-er) ,as
a""e$#ed #,e $ardo wi#, #,a# "odi#io.
7. C Se$#em;er 11/ 2001/ #,e res$ode# 0o. 3 (a$$ro-er) was "alled as wi#ess (or #,e
$rose"&#ioE ,e we# i#o #,e wi#ess ;o% #o 'i-e e-ide"e ;&# a(#er some #ime/ ,e
reA&es#ed #,e Co&r# #o ad6o&r #,e ma##er as ,e was o;ser-i' RamDa (as# ad (eeli'
wea5. @,e e%# da7 i.e. Se$#em;er 19/ 2001/ (&r#,er de$osi#io o( a$$ro-er ;e'a ;&# #,e
S$e"ial +&;li" +rose"&#or realiDed #,a# wi#ess was o# desiro&s o( #elli' #,e Co&r# a;o&#
"os$ira"7 #,a# led #o #,e m&rder o( +radee$ Jai. @,e S$e"ial +&;li" +rose"&#or $&# a
s$e"i(i" A&es#io #o #,e a$$ro-er as #o w,e#,er ,e wa#ed #o #ell #,e Co&r# a;o&# #,e
"os$ira"7 o( +radee$ Jai m&rder #o w,i", ,is aswer was i #,e e'a#i-e. Immedia#el7/
#,e S$e"ial +&;li" +rose"&#or iss&ed a "er#i(i"a#e &der Se"#io 301 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code
#,a# #,e a$$ro-er ,as o# "om$lied wi#, #,e "odi#io o w,i", $ardo was #edered #o ,im
ad/ #,ere(ore/ ,e ma7 ;e #ried se$ara#el7. @,e order da#ed Se$#em;er 19/ 2001 #o #,e
e%#e# i# is rele-a# reads as (ollows )*
F ......... @,e Id S$l. ++ (iles "er#i(i"a#e &3se". 301 o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code
"o-e7i' #,a# #,e a$$ro-er wi#ess Ri7aD A,med ,as "ommi##ed ;rea", o(
"odi#ios o( #,e +ardo ad #,e +ardo ma7 ;e wi#,draw ad will ;e #ried
(or same o((e"e se$ara#el7 . . . . . . . .F
@,e ma##er was #,e ad6o&red #o Se$#em;er 23/ 2001.
1. C Se$#em;er 23/ 2001/ #,e 2esi'a#ed Co&r# $assed #,e (ollowi' order )
F F............ .r. S&dee$ +as;ola reA&es#s #,e "o&r# #o allow ,im #o "ross
e%amie #,e a$$ro-er w,o is "er#i(ied ;7 #,e Id. S$l. ++ #o ,a-e "ommi##ed
;rea", o( "odi#ios o( +ardo.
@,e Id. S$l. ++ o$$oses #,e said reA&es# o #,e 'ro&d #,a# o"e #,e ++
(or(ei#s #,e $ardo #,e wi#ess rele'a#es ;a"5 #o #,e s#a#&s o( a""&sed #o ;e
#ried se$ara#el7 (or #,e same o((e"e ad as s&", looses ,is s#a#&s as wi#ess
o( #,e $rose"&#io/ #,ere(ore/ ,is e#ire e-ide"e #,o&', #ill ;e o re"ord ;&#
"ao# ;e &sed (or a7 $&r$ose ad as s&", #,e A&es#io o( "ross e%amii'
s&", ,os#ile wi#ess ;7 o#,er a""&sed does o# arise.
.r. +as;ola s&;mi#s #,a# merel7 wi#,drawal o( $ardo ;7 #,e Id. S$l. ++ is o#
s&((i"ie# #o #ras$ose a$$ro-er as a a""&sed ad ,is e-ide"e so (ar
re"orded "ao# ;e #a5e awa7 (rom re"ord. I# is o# law #,a# i( #,e wi#ess
does o# s&$$or# #,e $rose"&#io ,e is alwa7s #elli' lies. @,e wi#ess ma7
o# s&$$or# #,e $rose"&#io i #,e -er7 la'&a'e i# wa#s ad #,ere(ore/ #,e
e-ide"e re"orded ;7 #,e Co&r# i #,e $ro"eedi's "ao# ;e wi$ed o&#.
Ad-. S,ri +as;ola ,as relied o 1971 Cr.L.J. 0CC 126 Ad,ra +rades, w,erei
#,e HoB;le Co&r# ,as o;ser-ed #,a# a""&sed are e#i#led #o "ross e%amie
#,e a$$ro-er wi#, re'ard #o ,is s#a#eme# &der se"#io 162 o( Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code
I #,e $rese# "ase/ #,e s#a#eme# o( a$$ro-er i.e. Ri7aD A,med SiddiA&i is
o# re"orded a(#er 'ra# o( +ardo as +ardo is 'ra#ed &der se"#io 307 o(
Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ;7 a Sessios J&d'e ad #,ere(ore/ o A&es#io o(
re"ordi' a7 e-ide"e i Commi##al Co&r# did arise. Howe-er/ #,e
"o(essioal s#a#eme# o( said wi#ess &der se"#io 1! o( @A2A A"# was also
re"orded a(#er ,is arres# w,ile ,is s#a#eme# &der se"#io 161 o( Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code was also re"orded. I ordiar7 "o&rse i( #,e wi#ess ;e"omes
,os#ile #,e $rose"&#io ad #,e de(e"e ;o#, are e#i#led #o "ross e%amie
,im. @,e e-ide"e o( ,os#ile wi#ess "ao# ;e #,row awa7 o&# ri',#. @,e
"o&r# "a &se i# i (a-o&r o( $rose"&#io or de(e"e #o #,e e%#e# i# s&$$or#s
#,em ad a(#er wei',i' i# "a a""e$# i# $ar#iall7 i (a-o&r o( a7 o( #,e
$ar#ies #o #,e #rial. @,&s i( #,e law sa7s #,a# #,e e#ire e-ide"e o( ,os#ile
wi#ess "a o# ;e i'ored ad s#ill "a ;e &sed #,ere is o reaso #o ;lo"5
#,e de(e"e (rom "ross e%amii' s&", wi#ess w,o i -iew o( $rose"&#io is
o( o -al&e (or i# si"e ,e de"lies #o s&$$or# #,e $rose"&#io. C"e #,e
$erso e#ers i#o #,e wi#ess ;o% as a wi#ess #,e re"ord o( ,is de$osi#io
remais #o ;e re"orded o( e-ide"e o( wi#ess ad as s&", a""&sed is e#i#led
#o e%er"ise ,is ri',#s "o(erred o ,im ;7 -ir#&e o( Se"#io 162 o( Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code #o "o#radi"# ,im wi#, ,is $re-io&s s#a#eme#s. G,ile #,e
$rose"&#io "a o# do so e-e i( i#s wi#ess #&rs ,os#ile. @,e $rose"&#io
,as ol7 ",oi"e #o ;ri' s&$$or#i' ma#erial #,ro&', #,e "ross e%amia#io ;7
Id. +&;li" +rose"&#or. G,a# a"#io is #o ;e #a5e a'ais# #,e a$$ro-er w,o
"ommi#s ;rea", o( "odi#io o( +ardo is #o ;e de"ided la#er o as Se"#io
301 o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code sa7s #,a# s&", $erso ma7 ;e ei#,er #ried (or
o((e"e i res$e"# o( w,i", #,e $ardo was so #edered or (or a7 o#,er
o((e"e w,i", a$$ears #o ,a-e ;ee "ommi##ed ;7 ,im ad also (or 'i-i'
(alse e-ide"e. So #,e s#a'e #o de"ide w,i", mode is #o ;e ado$#ed a'ais#
s&", a a$$ro-er is 7e# #o "ome. Howe-er/ sim$l7 ;e"a&se $rose"&#io
disowed i#s wi#ess ,e does o# loose a s#a#&s o( wi#ess &less $rose"&#ed
se$ara#el7 i -iew o( $ro-isios o( Se"#io 301 o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code
ad as s&", a""&sed ,as e-er7 ri',# #o "ross e%amie s&", a wi#ess. @,e
A&es#io o( $ro;a#i-e -al&e o( ,is e-ide"e is dis#i"# oe. Howe-er/ i m7
o$iio #,e de(e"e ,as s#a#&#or7 ri',# #o "ross e%amie #,e ,os#ile wi#ess
or a$$ro-er ad as s&", a""&sed i #,is "ase are e#i#led #o e%er"ise #,e ri',#
;7 "ross e%amii' #,e wi#ess Ri7aD A,med SiddiA&i .F
9. @,e S#a#e o( .a,aras,#ra is a''rie-ed ;7 #,e a;o-e order w,ere;7 $ermissio ,as ;ee
'ra#ed #o #,e de(e"e #o "ross e%amie #,e res$ode# 0o. 3.
10. Se"#io 306 o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ma5es a $ro-isio (or #eder o( $ardo #o
a""om$li"e. I# reads as (ollows )*
@S.&./0. &!ender of 'ardon to a,,om'li,e.*
F(1) Gi#, a -iew #o o;#aii' #,e e-ide"e o( a7 $erso s&$$osed #o ,a-e
;ee dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "o"ered i or $ri-7 #o a o((e"e #o w,i", #,is
se"#io a$$lies/ #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e or a .e#ro$oli#a .a'is#ra#e a#
a7 s#a'e o( #,e i-es#i'a#io or iA&ir7 i#o/ or #,e #rial o(/ #,e o((e"e/ ad
#,e .a'is#ra#e o( #,e (irs# "lass iA&iri' i#o or #r7i' #,e o((e"e/ a# a7/
s#a'e o( #,e iA&ir7 or #rial/ ma7 #eder a $ardo #o s&", $erso o "odi#io
o( ,is ma5i' a (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e w,ole o( #,e "ir"&ms#a"es
wi#,i ,is 5owled'e rela#i-e #o #,e o((e"e ad #o e-er7 o#,er $erso
"o"ered/ w,e#,er as $ri"i$al or a;e##or/ i #,e "ommissio #,ereo(.
(2) @,is se"#io a$$lies #o *
(a) a7 o((e"e #ria;le e%"l&si-el7 ;7 #,e Co&r# o( Sessio or ;7 #,e Co&r# o( a
S$e"ial J&d'e a$$oi#ed &der #,e Crimial Law Amedme# A"#/ 19!2 (46 o(
19!2).
(;) a7 o((e"e $&is,a;le wi#, im$risome#/ w,i", ma7 e%#ed #o se-e
7ears or wi#, a more se-ere se#e"e.
(3) ?-er7 .a'is#ra#e w,o #eders a $ardo &der s&;* se"#io (1) s,all re"ord
*
(a) ,is reasos (or so doi'E
(;) w,e#,er #,e #eder was or was o# a""e$#ed ;7 #,e $erso #o w,om i#
was made/
ad s,all/ o a$$li"a#io made ;7 #,e a""&sed/ (&ris, ,im wi#, a "o$7 o(
s&", re"ord (ree o( "os#.
(4) ?-er7 $erso a""e$#i' a #eder o( $ardo made &der s&;*se"#io (1) *
(a) s,all ;e e%amied as a wi#ess i #,e "o&r# o( #,e .a'is#ra#e #a5i'
"o'iDa"e o( #,e o((e"e ad i #,e s&;seA&e# #rial/ i( a7E
(;) s,all/ &less ,e is alread7 o ;ail/ ;e de#aied i "&s#od7 &#il #,e
#ermia#io o( #,e #rial.
(!) G,ere a $erso ,as a""e$#ed a #eder o( $ardo made &der s&;* se"#io
(1) ad ,as/ ;ee e%amied &der s&;*se"#io (4)/ #,e .a'is#ra#e #a5i'
"o'iDa"e o( #,e o((e"e s,all/ wi#,o&# ma5i' a7 (&r#,er iA&ir7 i #,e "ase
*
(a) "ommi# i# (or #rial *
(i) #o #,e Co&r# o( Sessio i( #,e o((e"e is #ria;le e%"l&si-el7 ;7 #,a# "o&r# or
i( #,e .a'is#ra#e #a5i' "o'iDa"e is #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#eE
(ii) #o a "o&r# o( S$e"ial J&d'e a$$oi#ed &der #,e Crimial Law Amedme#
A"# 19!2 (46 o( 19!2)/ i( #,e o((e"e is #ria;le e%"l&si-el7 ;7 #,a# "o&r#E
(;) i a7 o#,er "ase/ ma5e o-er #,e "ase #o #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e w,o
s,all #r7 #,e "ase ,imsel(.F
11. Se"#io 307 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code $ro-ides #,a# a# a7 #ime a(#er "ommi#me# o( a
"ase ;&# ;e(ore 6&d'me# is $assed/ #,e Co&r# #o w,i", #,e "ommi#me# is made ma7/ wi#,
a -iew #o o;#aii' a# #,e #rial #,e e-ide"e o( a7 $erso s&$$osed #o ,a-e ;ee dire"#l7 or
idire"#l7 "o"ered i/ or $ri-7 #o/ a7 s&", o((e"e/ #eder a $ardo o #,e same
"odi#io #o s&", $erso.
12. Se"#io 301 $ro-ides (or #,e #rial o( #,e a$$ro-er w,o ,as a""e$#ed #eder o( $ardo
;&# (ails #o "om$l7 wi#, #,e "odi#io o( $ardo. @,e said $ro-isio reads as &der )*
@S. ./2.& !rial of 'erson not ,om'lyin5 3ith ,onditions of 'ardon.
(1) G,ere/ i re'ard #o a $erso w,o ,as a""e$#ed a #eder o( $ardo made
&der se"#io 306 or se"#io 307/ #,e +&;li" +rose"&#or "er#i(ies #,a# i ,is
o$iio s&", $erso ,as/ ei#,er ;7 will (&ll7 "o"eali' a7#,i' esse#ial or
;7 'i-i' (alse e-ide"e/ o# "om$lied wi#, #,e "odi#io o w,i", #,e #eder
was made/ s&", $erso ma7 ;e #ried (or #,e o((e"e i res$e"# o( w,i", #,e
$ardo was so #edered or (or a7 o#,er o((e"e o( w,i", ,e a$$ears #o ,a-e
;ee '&il#7 i "oe"#io wi#, #,e same ma##er/ ad also (or #,e o((e"e o(
'i-i' (alse e-ide"e )
+ro-ided #,a# s&", $erso s,all o# ;e #ried 6oi#l7 wi#, a7 o( #,e o#,er
a""&sed )
+ro-ided (&r#,er #,a# s&", $erso s,all o# ;e #ried (or #,e o((e"e o( 'i-i'
(alse e-ide"e e%"e$# wi#, #,e sa"#io o( #,e Hi', Co&r#/ ad o#,i'
"o#aied i se"#io 19! or se"#io 340 s,all a$$l7 #o #,a# o((e"e.
(2) A7 s#a#eme# made ;7 s&", $erso a""e$#i' #,e #eder o( $ardo ad
re"orded ;7 a .a'is#ra#e &der se"#io 164 or ;7 a "o&r# &der s&;*se"#io
(4) o( se"#io 306 ma7 ;e 'i-e i e-ide"e a'ais# ,im a# s&", #rial.
(3) A# s&", #rial/ #,e a""&sed s,all ;e e#i#led #o $lead #,a# ,e ,as "om$lied
wi#, #,e "odi#io &$o w,i", s&", #eder was made/ i w,i", "ase i# s,all ;e
(or #,e $rose"&#io #o $ro-e #,a# #,e "odi#io ,as o# ;ee "om$lied wi#,.
(4) A# s&", #rial #,e "o&r# s,all *
(a) i( i# is a Co&r# o( Sessio/ ;e(ore #,e ",ar'e is read o&# ad e%$laied #o
#,e a""&sedE
(;) i( i# is #,e "o&r# o( a .a'is#ra#e ;e(ore #,e e-ide"e o( #,e wi#esses (or
#,e $rose"&#io is #a5e/
as5 #,e a""&sed w,e#,er ,e $leads #,a# ,e ,as "om$lied wi#, #,e "odi#ios
o w,i", #,e #eder o( $ardo was made.
(!) i( #,e a""&sed does so $lead/ #,e "o&r# s,all re"ord #,e $lea ad $ro"eed
wi#, #,e #rial ad i# s,all/ ;e(ore $assi' 6&d'me# i #,e "ase/ (id w,e#,er
or o# #,e a""&sed ,as "om$lied wi#, #,e "odi#ios o( #,e $ardo/ ad/ i( i#
(ids #,a# ,e ,as so "om$lied/ i# s,all o#wi#,s#adi' a7#,i' "o#aied i
#,is Code/ $ass 6&d'me# o( a"A&i##al.F
13. @,e sal&#ar7 $ri"i$le o( #ederi' a $ardo #o a a""om$li"e is #o &ra-el #,e #r&#, i a
'ra-e o((e"e so #,a# '&il# o( #,e o#,er a""&sed $ersos "o"ered i "ommissio o( "rime
"o&ld ;e ;ro&',# ,ome. I# ,as ;ee re$ea#edl7 said ;7 #,is Co&r# #,a# #,e o;6e"# o( Se"#io
306 is #o allow $ardo i "ases w,ere ,eio&s o((e"e is alle'ed #o ,a-e ;ee "ommi##ed ;7
se-eral $ersos so #,a# wi#, #,e aid o( #,e e-ide"e o( #,e $erso 'ra#ed $ardo/ #,e
o((e"e ma7 ;e ;ro&',# ,ome #o #,e res#. Se,tion ./0 Criminal Pro,edure Code
em'o3ers the Chief ?udi,ial Ma5istrate or a Metro'olitan Ma5istrate to tender a
'ardon to a 'erson su''osed to have been dire,tly or indire,tly ,on,erned in or
'rivy to an offen,e to 3hi,h the se,tion a''lies- at any sta5e of the investi5ation
or in6uiry or trial of the offen,e on ,ondition of his ma7in5 a full and true
dis,losure of the 3hole of the ,ir,umstan,es 3ithin his 7no3led5e relative to the
offen,e. @,e .a'is#ra#e o( #,e (irs# "lass/ &der Se"#io 306/ is also em$owered #o #eder
$ardo #o a a""om$li"e a# a7 s#a'e o( iA&ir7 or #rial ;&# o# a# #,e s#a'e o( i-es#i'a#io
o "odi#io o( ,is ma5i' (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e e#ire "ir"&ms#a"es wi#,i ,is
5owled'e rela#i-e #o #,e "rime. Se"#io 307 -es#s #,e "o&r# #o w,i", #,e "ommi#me# is
made/ wi#, $ower #o #eder a $ardo #o a a""om$li"e. @,e e%$ressio/ Bo #,e same
"odi#ioB o""&rri' i Se"#io 307/ o;-io&sl7 re(ers #o #,e "odi#io idi"a#ed i s&;*se"#io
(1) o( Se"#io 306/ amel7/ o #,e a""&sed ma5i' a (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e w,ole o(
#,e "ir"&ms#a"es wi#,i ,is 5owled'e rela#i-e #o #,e o((e"e ad #o e-er7 o#,er $erso
"o"ered/ w,e#,er as $ri"i$al or a;e##or/ i #,e "ommissio #,ereo(. A a""om$li"e w,o
,as ;ee 'ra#ed $ardo &der Se"#io 306 or 307 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code 'e#s $ro#e"#io
(rom $rose"&#io. G,e ,e is "alled as a wi#ess (or #,e $rose"&#io/ ,e m&s# "om$l7 wi#,
#,e "odi#io o( ma5i' a (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e w,ole o( #,e "ir"&ms#a"es wi#,i
,is 5owled'e "o"eri' #,e o((e"e ad #o e-er7 o#,er $erso "o"ered/ w,e#,er as
$ri"i$al or a;e##or/ i #,e "ommissio #,ereo( ad i( ,e s&$$resses a7#,i' ma#erial ad
esse#ial wi#,i ,is 5owled'e "o"eri' #,e "ommissio o( "rime or (ails or re(&ses #o
"om$l7 wi#, #,e "odi#io o w,i", #,e #eder was made ad #,e +&;li" +rose"&#or 'i-es ,is
"er#i(i"a#e &der Se"#io 301 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code #o #,a# e((e"#/ #,e $ro#e"#io 'i-e #o
,im is li(#ed.
14. I A. J. Peiris v. State of Madras, AIR 1954 Supreme Court 616, a 3 * J&d'e
Be", o( #,is Co&r# s#a#ed #,a# #,e mome# a $ardo is #edered #o #,e a""&sed ,e m&s# ;e
$res&med #o ,a-e ;ee dis",ar'ed/ w,ere&$o ,e "eases #o ;e a a""&sed ad ;e"omes a
wi#ess.
1!. I State v. iralal !ird"arilal #ot"ari, AIR 196$ Supreme Court %6$, wi#,
re(ere"e #o Se"#ios 337 ad 339 o( #,e Code o( Crimial +ro"ed&re/ 1191 (ow Se"#ios
306/ 307 ad 301 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code)/ #,is Co&r# s#a#ed #,a# a $ardo #edered &der
Se"#io 337 is a $ro#e"#io (rom $rose"&#ioE (ail&re #o "om$l7 wi#, #,e "odi#io o w,i",
#,e $ardo is #edered remo-es #,a# $ro#e"#io.
16. I State &'el"i Admi(istratio() v. Ja*+it Si(*", 19,9&1) R.C.R. &Crimi(al) -,- .
19,9 Supp &-) SCC //$ #,is Co&r# ,eld as &der )*
F1. ......@,e $ower #o 'ra# $ardo "arries wi#, i# #,e ri',# #o im$ose a
"odi#io limi#i' #,e o$era#io o( s&", a $ardo. He"e a $ardoi' $ower
"a a##a", a7 "odi#io/ $re"ede# or s&;seA&e# so lo' as i# is o# ille'al/
immoral or im$ossi;le o( $er(orma"e. Se"#io 306 "learl7 e6ois #,a# #,e
a$$ro-er w,o was 'ra#ed $ardo ,ad #o "om$l7 wi#, #,e "odi#io o( ma5i'
a (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e w,ole o( #,e "ir"&ms#a"es wi#,i ,is
5owled'e rela#i-e #o #,e o((e"e ad #o e-er7 o#,er "o"ered w,e#,er as
$ri"i$al or a;e##or/ i #,e "ommissio #,ereo(. I# is ;e"a&se o( #,is mada#e/
#,e S#a#e "ao# wi#,draw #,e $ardo (rom #,e a$$ro-er or #,e a$$ro-er
"a "as# awa7 #,e $ardo 'ra#ed #o ,im #ill ,e is e%amied as a wi#ess ;7
#,e $rose"&#io ;o#, i #,e Commi##i' Co&r# as well as i #,e #rial "o&r#. @,e
a$$ro-er ma7 ,a-e resiled (rom #,e s#a#eme# made ;e(ore #,e .a'is#ra#e i
#,e Commi##i' Co&r# ad ma7 o# ,a-e "om$lied wi#, #,e "odi#io o w,i",
$ardo was 'ra#ed #o ,im/ s#ill #,e $rose"&#io ,as #o e%amie ,im as a
wi#ess i #,e #rial "o&r#. I# is ol7 w,e #,e +&;li" +rose"&#or "er#i(ies #,a#
#,e a$$ro-er ,as o# "om$lied wi#, #,e "odi#ios o w,i", #,e #eder was
made ;7 wil(&ll7 "o"eali' a7#,i' esse#ial or ;7 'i-i' (alse e-ide"e/ ,e
ma7 ;e #ried &der Se"#io 301 o( #,e Code o( Crimial +ro"ed&re o# ol7 (or
#,e o((e"e i res$e"# o( w,i", $ardo was 'ra#ed ;&# also i res$e"# o(
o#,er o((e"es........F.
17. @,e a;o-e s#a#eme# o( law i Ja'6i# Si',3 "ao# ;e &ders#ood as la7i' dow #,a#
a a""om$li"e w,o ,as ;ee #edered $ardo ad "alled as a wi#ess (or $rose"&#io m&s#
;e "o#i&ed #o ;e e%amied as a $rose"&#io wi#ess al#,o&', ,e ,as (ailed #o "om$l7 wi#,
#,e "odi#io o w,i", #,e #eder o( $ardo was made ad a +&;li" +rose"&#or "er#i(ies #,a#
,e ,as o# "om$lied wi#, #,e "odi#io o w,i", #,e #eder was made. As a ma##er o( (a"#/
i Ja'6i# Si',Bs "ase o "er#i(i"a#e was 'i-e ;7 #,e +&;li" +rose"&#or. @,e le'al $osi#io
#,a# (lows (rom #,e $ro-isios "o#aied i Se"#ios 306/ 307 ad 301 Crimial +ro"ed&re
Code is #,a# o"e a a""om$li"e is 'ra#ed $ardo/ ,e s#ads dis",ar'ed as a a""&sed ad
;e"omes wi#ess (or #,e $rose"&#io. As a e"essar7 "orollar7/ o"e #,e $ardo is
wi#,draw or (or(ei#ed o #,e "er#i(i"a#e 'i-e ;7 #,e +&;li" +rose"&#or #,a# s&", $erso ,as
(ailed #o "om$l7 wi#, #,e "odi#io o w,i", #,e #eder was made/ ,e is re-er#ed #o #,e
$osi#io o( a a""&sed ad lia;le #o ;e #ried se$ara#el7 ad #,e e-ide"e 'i-e ;7 ,im/ i(
a7/ ,as #o ;e i'ored i #o#o ad does o# remai le'al e-ide"e (or "osidera#io i #,e
#rial a'ais# #,e "o*a""&sed/ al;ei# s&", e-ide"e ma7 ;e &sed a'ais# ,im i #,e se$ara#e
#rial w,ere ,e 'e#s a o$$or#&i#7 #o s,ow #,a# ,e "om$lied wi#, #,e "odi#io o( $ardo. As
a ma##er o( (a"#/ i# is (or #,is reaso #,a# a s$e"i(i" s#a#eme# was made ;7 #,e "o&sel (or
#,e S#a#e o( .a,aras,#ra ;e(ore &s * a similar s#a#eme# was made ;e(ore #,e 2esi'a#ed
Co&r# as well * #,a# #,e e-ide"e o( res$ode# 0o. 3 so (ar re"orded s,all o# ;e &sed ;7
#,e $rose"&#io i #,e $rese# #rial.
11. Se"#io 114/ ill&s#ra#io (;) o( #,e Idia ?-ide"e A"#/ 1172 ((or s,or#/ B?-ide"e A"#B)
$ro-ides #,a# #,e Co&r# ma7 $res&me #,a# a a""om$li"e is &wor#,7 o( "redi#/ &less ,e is
"orro;ora#ed i ma#erial $ar#i"&lars.
19. Se"#io 132 o( #,e ?-ide"e A"# reads as (ollows )*
@8.=. Aitness not e>,used from ans3erin5 on 5round that ans3er
3ill ,riminate * A wi#ess s,all o# ;e e%"&sed (rom asweri' a7 A&es#io
as #o a7 ma##er rele-a# #o #,e ma##er i iss&e i a7 s&i# or i a7 "i-il or
"rimial $ro"eedi'/ &$o #,e 'ro&d #,a# #,e aswer #o s&", A&es#io will
"rimia#e/ or ma7 #ed dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 #o "rimia#e/ s&", wi#ess/ or #,a#
i# will e%$ose/ or #ed dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 #o e%$ose/ s&", wi#ess #o a
$eal#7 or (or(ei#&re o( a7 5id )
+ro-iso * +ro-ided #,a# o s&", aswer/ w,i", a wi#ess s,all ;e "om$elled #o
'i-e/ s,all s&;6e"# ,im #o a7 arres# or $rose"&#io/ or ;e $ro-ed a'ais# ,im
i a7 "rimial $ro"eedi'/ e%"e$# a $rose"&#io (or 'i-i' (alse e-ide"e ;7
s&", aswer.F
20. Se"#io 133 o( #,e ?-ide"e A"# $ro-ides #,a# a a""om$li"e s,all ;e a "om$e#e#
wi#ess a'ais# a a""&sed $ersoE ad a "o-i"#io is o# ille'al merel7 ;e"a&se i#
$ro"eeds &$o #,e &"orro;ora#ed #es#imo7 o( a a""om$li"e.
21. Se"#io 1!4 o( #,e ?-ide"e A"# is as &der )
FSe"#io*1!4. Buestion by 'arty to his o3n 3itness. * (1) @,e Co&r# ma7/
i i#s dis"re#io/ $ermi# #,e $erso w,o "alls a wi#ess #o $&# a7 A&es#io #o
,im w,i", mi',# ;e $&# i "ross e%amia#io ;7 #,e ad-erse $ar#7.
2. 0o#,i' i #,is se"#io s,all dise#i#le #,e $erso so $ermi##ed &der s&;*
se"#io (1)/ #o rel7 o a7 $ar# o( #,e e-ide"e o( s&", wi#ess.F
22. Se"#io 31! o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ma5es a a""&sed $erso a "om$e#e# wi#ess
(or #,e de(e"e ad ,e ma7 -ol&#aril7 'i-e e-ide"e o oa#, i dis$roo( o( #,e ",ar'es
made a'ais# ,im or a7 $erso ",ar'ed #o'e#,er wi#, ,im a# #,e same #rial. @,e said
$ro-isio reads as (ollows )*
@S.&.8:. A,,used 'erson to be ,om'etent 3itness &
(1) A7 $erso a""&sed o( a o((e"e ;e(ore a Crimial Co&r# s,all ;e a
"om$e#e# wi#ess (or #,e de(e"e ad ma7 'i-e e-ide"e o oa#, i dis$roo(
o( #,e ",ar'es made a'ais# ,im or a7 $erso ",ar'ed #o'e#,er wi#, ,im a#
#,e same #rial )
+ro-ided #,a#*
(a) ,e s,all o# ;e "alled as a wi#ess e%"e$# o ,is ow reA&es# i wri#i'E
(;) ,is (ail&re #o 'i-e e-ide"e s,all o# ;e made #,e s&;6e"# o( a7 "omme#
;7 a7 o( #,e $ar#ies or #,e "o&r# or 'i-e rise #o a7 $res&m$#io a'ais#
,imsel( or a7 $erso ",ar'ed #o'e#,er wi#, ,im a# #,e same #rial.
(2) A7 $erso a'ais# w,om $ro"eedi's are is#i#&#ed i a7 Crimial Co&r#
&der se"#io 91/ or se"#io 107/ or se"#io 101/ or se"#io 109/ or se"#io
110/ or &der C,a$#er IH or &der +ar# B/ +ar# C or +ar# 2 o( C,a$#er H/ ma7
o((er ,imsel( as a wi#ess i s&", $ro"eedi's )
+ro-ided #,a# i $ro"eedi's &der se"#io 101/ se"#io 109 or se"#io 110/
#,e (ail&re o( s&", $erso #o 'i-e e-ide"e s,all o# ;e made #,e s&;6e"# or
a7 "omme# ;7 a7 o( #,e $ar#ies or #,e "o&r# or 'i-e rise #o a7
$res&m$#io a'ais# ,im or a7 o#,er $erso $ro"eeded a'ais# #o'e#,er wi#,
,im a# #,e same iA&ir7.F
I o#,er words/ Se"#io 31! "learl7 la7s dow #,a# a a""&sed "ao# ;e
"om$elled #o 'i-e e-ide"e e%"e$# o ,is ow reA&es# i wri#i'.
23. Ar#i"le 20(3) o( #,e Cos#i#&#io $ro#e"#s a a""&sed (rom ;ei' "alled or "om$elled #o
;e wi#ess a'ais# ,imsel(.
24. Ge ,a-e re(erred #o #,e a(oresaid $ro-isios o( #,e ?-ide"e A"#/ Crimial +ro"ed&re
Code ad Cos#i#&#io #o idi"a#e #,a# oe o( #,ese $ro-isios mili#a#es a'ais# #,e
$ro$osi#io #,a# a $ardo 'ra#ed #o a a""om$li"e &der Se"#io 306 or 307 Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code $ro#e"#s ,im (rom $rose"&#io ad ,e ;e"omes wi#ess (or $rose"&#io ;&#
o (or(ei#&re o( s&", $ardo/ ,e is rele'a#ed #o #,e $osi#io o( a a""&sed ad ,is e-ide"e
is redered &seless (or #,e $&r$oses o( #,e #rial o( #,e "o*a""&sed. He "ao# ;e "om$elled
#o ;e a wi#ess. @,ere is o A&es#io o( s&", $erso ;ei' (&r#,er e%amied (or #,e
$rose"&#io ad/ #,ere(ore/ o o""asio arises (or #,e de(e"e #o "ross e%amie ,im. @,e
2esi'a#ed Co&r# serio&sl7 erred i #rea#i' #,e res$ode# 0o. 3 (Ri7aD A,med SiddiA&e)
,os#ile wi#essE i# (ailed #o "osider #,a# #,e $ardo 'ra#ed ad a""e$#ed ;7 ,im was
"odi#ioal $ardo iasm&", as i# was o #,e "odi#io o( ,is ma5i' a #r&e ad (&ll
dis"los&re o( all #,e (a"#s "o"eri' #,e "ommissio o( "rime ad o"e #,e $ardo 'ra#ed
#o ,im s#ood (or(ei#ed/ o #,e "er#i(i"a#e iss&ed ;7 #,e S$e"ial +&;li" +rose"&#or/ ,e was
rele'a#ed #o #,e $osi#io o( a a""&sed ad did o# remai a wi#ess. I #,e "ir"&ms#a"es/
#,ere was o 6&s#i(i"a#io #o $ermi# #,e de(e"e #o "ross e%amie #,e res$ode# 0o. 3 ad
#o #,a# e%#e# #,e im$&'ed order "ao# ;e s&s#aied.
2!. @,e a$$eal is allowed as idi"a#ed a;o-e.
A$$eal allowed.
Sha7ir C <illu and others v. State of Ra4asthan (Ra4asthan)(?ai'ur <en,h)
2012(3) RLG 232! : 2012(!) G.L.C. (Ra6.) 231
RA?AS!*A$ *#D* CUR!
(Jai$&r Be",)
Be(ore )* .a,es, C,adra S,arma/ J.
S.B.Cr. .is". +e#i#io 0o. 2331 32011. 23d. 3.11.2011.
Sha7ir C <illu and others & Petitioner
(ersus
State of Ra4asthan & Res'ondent
4or #,e +e#i#ioer )* .r. 8imal 9&mar Jai/ Ad-o"a#e.
4or #,e A$$li"a# )* .r. 9a$il :&$#a/ Ad-o"a#e.
4or #,e Res$ode# )* .&6ee; 9,a/ .r. +ee7&s, 9&mar/+&;li" +rose"&#or.
Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tion ./0 & Permission to ma7e the a,,used an
a''rover & ffen,e under Se,tions ./=- =/8 and 8=/ & < #ndian Penal Code & S*
filed a''li,ation under Se0tio( %$6 Criminal Pro,edure Code and the !rial Court &
C?M allo3ed the same & Statements 5iven by su,h an a,,used under Se0tio( %$6
(;) Criminal Pro,edure Code ,orroborated 3ith ea,h other & !here 3as no eye
3itness of the o,,urren,e & !he order 5rantin5 'ermission 3arrants no
interferen,e & !rial Court dire,ted to ,om'lete the trial 3ithin si> months & Petition
dismissed.
<+aras 1 ad 9=
J>2:.?0@
Mahesh Chandra Sharma- ?. * @,is mis". $e#i#io ,as ;ee (iled ;7 #,e $e#i#ioers &der
se"#io 412 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code a'ais# #,e order da#ed 21.6.2011 $assed ;7 C,ie(
J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e @o5 w,ere;7 #,e a$$li"a#io &der se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code
(iled ;7 #,e SHC +oli"e S#a#io +&rai @o5 i 4IR 0o. 3332011 (or #,e o((e"e &der
se"#ios 302/ 201/ ad 120 BI+C was allowed ad a""&sed .&6i; s3o S,er 9,a I Ha;i;
was 'ra#ed $ermissio &der se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code #o ;e"ome as a$$ro-er
(s&l#ai 'awa,).
2*3. Brie( (a"#s o( #,e "ase are #,a# o 23.3.2011 a wri##e re$or# was lod'ed a# +oli"e
S#a#io/ +&rai @o5 ;7 .a6&r a,med I .ad,o$&ria s3o Ismail 9,a w,erei i# was
alle'ed #,a# w,e ,e was 'oi' #owards 0a7a B&s S#ad (rom S#adi&m o ,is Ri5s,a ad
rea",ed a# ear Ga#er @a5/ #,ere ,e saw #,a# a $erso is l7i' dead i #,e 0ali ear #,e
road. @,erea(#er ,e #ele$,oed #o +oli"e. C #,e ;asis o( #,e a;o-e re$or# #,e +oli"e
re'is#ered 4IR 0o. 33311 (or #,e o((e"e &der se"#ios 302 ad 201 Idia +eal Code ad
i-es#i'a#io "omme"ed. 2&ri' #,e "or&se o( i-es#i'a#io #,e a""&sed $e#i#ioers ad
a""&sed C,adra +ra5as, s3o S,7am Lal ad .&Di; so o( S,ri S,er 9,a were arres#ed
ad $rese#l7 #,e7 are all i "&s#od7. C,adra +ra5as, Hari6a s3o S,7am Lal ,as ;ee
released o ;ail ;7 #,e Co*ordia#e Be", o( #,is "o&r# ;ei' 6&-eile.
4. C 21.!.2011/ #,e S#a#io Ho&se C((i"er +oli"e S#a#io +&rai @o5 (iled a a$$li"a#io
;e(ore #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e/ @o5 wi#, #,e $ra7er #o allow a""&sed .&Di; s3o S,er
9,a as a$$ro-er ad #o a$$oi# .a'is#ra#e #o re"ord ,is s#a#eme# &der se"#io 164
Crimial +ro"ed&re Code. @,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e @o5 a$$oi#ed #,e Addi#ioal C,ie(
J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e >iara #o re"ord #,e s#a#eme# &der se"#io 164 Crimial +ro"ed&re
Code o( a""&sed .&6i;. @,e s#a#eme# o( a""&sed .&Di; &der se"#io 164 Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code was re"orded o 27.!.2011 ;7 #,e Addi#ioal C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e
>iara. C 6.6.2011/ #,e S#a#io Ho&se C((i"er/ +oli"e S#a#io/ +&rai @o5 (iled a$$li"a#io
;e(ore #,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e 4irs# Class 2is#ri"# @o5 #o allow a""&sed .&Di; s3o S,er 9,a
as a$$ro-er. @,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e -ide i#s order da#ed 9.6.2011 dismissed #,is a$$li"a#io
wi#, #,e dire"#io #o s&;mi# #,e a$$li"a#io ;e(ore #,e "om$e#e# "o&r# o #,e 'ro&d #,a#
#,ere is o eA&ir7 or #rial is $edi' ;e(ore ,im. @,e SHC (iled (res, a$$li"a#io ;e(ore #,e
C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e @o5 o 10.6.2011 wi#, #,e same $ra7er #o de"lare a""&sed .&Di;
as a$$ro-er. @,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e -ide i#s order da#ed 21.6.2011 allowed #,e
a$$li"a#io (iled ;7 #,e SHC ad de"lared a""&sed .&Di; s3o S,er 9,a &der se"#io 306
Cr.+.". as a$$ro-er (s&l#ai 'awa,). @,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e @o5 o 21.6.2011 re"orded #,e
s#a#eme# o( .&Di; so o( S,er5,a &der se"#io 306(4) Crimial +ro"ed&re Code.
!. .r. 8imal 9&mar Jai/ leared "o&sel a$$eari' (or #,e $e#i#ioers ,as "o#eded #,a#
#,e order $assed ;7 #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e is "o#rar7 #o #,e $ro-isios o( se"#io 306
Crimial +ro"ed&re Code. He ,as (&r#,er "o#eded #,a# #,e #rial "o&r# ,as o# see #,e (a"#
#,a# d&ri' #,e "o&rse o( i-es#i'a#io &$#o #,e da#e #,ere is o e7e wi#ess o( #,e i"ide#
ad #,&s #,ere is o ,o$e o( s&""ess i #,e ma##er ad #,a# is w,7 #,e7 ,a-e mo-ed
a(oresaid a$$li"a#io (or de"lari' .&Di; as a$$ro-er. He ,as (&r#,er draw a##e#io o( #,is
"o&r# #,a# #,e a$$ro-er .&Di; i #,e s#a#eme#s re"orded &der se"#io 164 Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code ad 306 (4) Cr.+.". ,as se$ara#ed ,imsel( (rom "ommi##i' a7 o((e"e ad
,as arra#ed ,imsel( as wi#ess seei' #,e i"ide# (rom 01*10 (ee#. @,ere(ore s&", #7$e o(
$ersos "a o# ;e de"lared &der se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code as a a$$ro-er.
He"e #,e 6&d'me# $assed ;7 #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e @o5 da#ed 21.6.2011 is
a'ais# #,e $ro-isios o( se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code.
6. C #,e o#,er ,ad/ .r. +ee7&s, 9&mar ad .r. 9a$il :&$#a/ leared "o&sel a$$eari'
(or #,e a$$li"a# .&Di; ,a-e "o#eded #,a# (rom #,e ;are $er&sal o( #,e s#a#eme#s 'i-e
;7 #,e a$$ro-er .&Di; are o# "o#rar7 #o se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad i#
"ao# ;e said #,a# ,e ,as se$ara#ed ,imsel( (rom #,e o((e"e. @,e s#a#eme#s re"orded
&der se"#io 164 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad se"#io 306(4)"learl7 s,ow #,a# ,e ,as
$ar#i"i$a#ed i #,e o((e"e ad ;o#, #,e s#a#eme#s 'i-e ;7 #,e a$$ro-er are o# "o#rar7
#o ea", o#,er ;&# #,e (a"# is #,a# ;o#, #,e s#a#eme#s are "orro;ora#ed ;7 ea", o#,er. I# is a
(a"# #,a# #,ere is o e7e wi#ess i #,e "ase #,a# is w,7 #,e "o&r# ,as allowed .&Di; as
a$$ro-er a(#er "osideri' #,e $ro-isios o( se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad #,e
"o&r# ,as $ermi##ed .&Di; as a$$ro-er. @,e order o( #,e CJ. s,o&ld o# ;e i#er(ered i
se"#io 412 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code.
7. I ,a-e ,eard #,e leared "o&sel (or #,e $ar#ies. 4irs# o( all #,e $ro-isios o( se"#io 306
Crimial +ro"ed&re Code are #o ;e loo5ed i#o. @,e same reads as &der )
306. @eder o( $ardo #o a""om$li"e.
(1) Gi#, a -iew #o o;#aii' #,e e-ide"e o( a7 $erso s&$$osed #o ,a-e
;ee dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "o"ered i or $ri-7 #o a o((e"e #o w,i", #,is
se"#io a$$lies/ #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e or a .e#ro$oli#a .a'is#ra#e a#
a7 s#a'e o( #,e i-es#i'a#io or iA&ir7 i#o/ or #,e #rial o(/ #,e o((e"e/ ad
#,e .a'is#ra#e o( #,e (irs# "lass iA&iri' i#o or #r7i' #,e o((e"e/ a# a7
s#a'e o( #,e iA&ir7 or #rial/ ma7 #eder a $ardo #o s&", $erso o "odi#io
o( ,is ma5i' a (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e w,ole o( #,e "ir"&ms#a"es
wi#,i ,is 5owled'e rela#i-e #o #,e o((e"e ad #o e-er7 o#,er $erso
"o"ered/ w,e#,er as $ri"i$al or a;e##or/ i #,e "ommissio #,ereo(.
(2) @,is se"#io a$$lies #o
(a) a7 o((e"e #ria;le e%"l&si-el7 ;7 #,e Co&r# o( Sessio or ;7 #,e Co&r# o( a
S$e"ial J&d'e a$$oi#ed &der #,e Crimial Law Amedme# A"#/ 19!2 (46 o(
19!2)E
(;) a7 o((e"e $&is,a;le wi#, im$risome# w,i", ma7 e%#ed #o se-e
7ears or wi#, a more se-ere se#e"e.
(3) ?-er7 .a'is#ra#e w,o #eders a $ardo &der s&;*se"#io (1) s,all re"ord
(a) ,is reasos (or so doi'E
(;) w,e#,er #,e #eder was or was o# a""e$#ed ;7 #,e $erso #o w,om i#
was made/ad s,all/ o a$$li"a#io made ;7 #,e a""&sed/ (&ris, ,im wi#, a
"o$7 o( s&", re"ord (ree o( "os#.
(4) ?-er7 $erso a""e$#i' a #eder o( $ardo made &der s&;*se"#io (1)
(a) s,all ;e e%amied as a wi#ess i #,e Co&r# o( #,e .a'is#ra#e #a5i'
(!) G,ere a $erso ,as a""e$#ed a #eder o( $ardo made &der s&;*se"#io
(1) ad ,as ;ee e%amied &der s&;*se"#io (4)/ #,e .a'is#ra#e #a5i'
"o'iDa"e o( #,e o((e"e s,all/ wi#,o&# ma5i' a7 (&r#,er ieA&i#7 i #,e
"ase/
(a) "ommi# i# (or #rial
(i) #o #,e Co&r# o( Sessio i( #,e o((e"e is #ria;le e%"l&si-el7 ;7 #,a# Co&r# or
i( #,e .a'is#ra#e #a5i' "o'iDa"e is #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#eE
(ii) #o a Co&r# o( S$e"ial J&d'e a$$oi#ed &der #,e Crimial Law Amedme#
A"#/ 19!2 (46 o( 19!2)/ i( #,e o((e"e is #ria;le e%"l&si-el7 ;7 #,a# Co&r#E
(;) i a7 o#,er "ase/ ma5e o-er #,e "ase #o #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e w,o
s,all #r7 #,e "ase ,imsel(.
1. 4rom #,e $ro-isios o( se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code i# is "lear #,a# #,e order
$assed ;7 #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e is o# "o#rar7 #o #,e $ro-isios o( #,is se"#io
allowi' #,e a$$li"a#io o( #,e SHC (or allowi' .&Di; #o ;e"ome a$$ro-er. @,e s#a#eme#s
'i-e ;7 .&Di; &der se"#io 164 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ;e(ore #,e Addi#ioal C,ie(
J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e ad #,erea(#er ;e(ore #,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e @o5 &der se"#io 306(4)
Crimial +ro"ed&re Code are "orro;ora#ed wi#, ea", o#,er. I# is also a admi##ed (a"# #,a#
#,ere was o e7e wi#ess o( #,e o""&rre"e. I #,ese "ir"&ms#a"es I do o# #,i5 i# $ro$er
#o i#er(ere wi#, #,e order da#ed 21.6.2011 $assed ;7 #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e @o5 i
allowi' #,e a$$li"a#io o( #,e SHC &der se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code #o allow
.&6i; #o ;e"ome a$$ro-er i #,e "ase ad 'i-e ,is s#a#eme#s &der se"#io 164 Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code ad se"#io 306 (4) Crimial +ro"ed&re Code.
9. 4or #,ese reasos/ #,e mis". $e#i#io ;ei' de-oid o( meri# s#ads re6e"#ed. @,e i#erim
order da#ed 30.1.2011 $assed ;7 #,is "o&r# s#ads -a"a#ed. @,e s#a7 a$$li"a#io also s#ads
re6e"#ed. @,e #rial "o&r# is dire"#ed #o "om$le#e #,e #rial wi#,i a $eriod o( si% mo#,s.
+e#i#io 2ismissed.
Ramesh Prasad v. State of ?har7hand (?har7hand)
2011(3) AIR J,ar R. 472
?*ARK*A$% *#D* CUR!
Be(ore )* Ja7a Ro7/ J.
Cri. Re-isio 0o. 11! o( 2011. 23d. 27.4.2011.
Ramesh Prasad & Petitioner
(ersus
State of ?har7hand & Res'ondent
4or #,e +e#i#ioer )* .3s. R.S. .aD&mdar/ Sr. Ad-o"a#e/ .ao6 9&mar ad S.9. +ade7/
Ad-o"a#es.
4or #,e Res$ode# )* .d. .o5,#ar 9,a/ Ad-o"a#e.
Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tion ./0 & Petitioner 'rayed for holdin5 and
de,larin5 him as an a''rover & Case 3as filed under 'rovisions of Se0tio( %$6
Criminal Pro,edure Code and under Se,tion : of Prevention of Corru'tion A,t-
8922 & C.<.#. statin5 that- it has no ob4e,tion- if 'etitioner is made a''rover & !rial
Court dire,ted that if 'etitioner files an affidavit 5ivin5 underta7in5 that he shall
follo3 ,ourse of 'ro,eedin5 'res,ribed under Se,tions ./0 and ./1 Criminal
Pro,edure Code- 'etitioner be treated as an a''rover.
<+ara 4=
CR2?R
?aya Roy- ?. * @,e $e#i#ioer ,as (iled #,is Cr. Re-isio a$$li"a#io (or se##i' aside #,e order da#ed
11.01.2011 $assed ;7 #,e Addi#ioal 2is#ri"# ad Sessios J&d'e*I*"&m*s$e"ial J&d'e/ C.B.I./
2,a;ad $assed i R.C.4A3 972 w,ere;7 #,e "o&r# ;elow ,as dismissed #,e $e#i#io da#ed 31.01.2007
(iled ;7 #,e $e#i#ioer wi#, a $ra7er #o ma5e (or ,oldi' ad de"lari' ,im as a a$$ro-er i #,e
is#a# "ase &der #,e $ro-isio o( Se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad &der Se"#io ! o( #,e
+re-e#io o( Corr&$#io A"#/ 1911. @,e "ase is ow $edi' i #,e "o&r# o( Addi#ioal 2is#ri"# ad
Sessios J&d'e*I*"&m*s$e"ial J&d'e/ C.B.I./ 2,a;ad.
2. Co&sel (or #,e $e#i#ioer s&;mi#s #,a# #,e $e#i#ioer (iled #,e a(oresaid $e#i#io o 31.01.2007 (or
,oldi' ad de"lari' ,im as a a$$ro-er ad (or see5i' $ardo i #,e is#a# "ase. @,e $e#i#ioer
,as also 'i-e &der#a5i' #,a# ,e s,all $io&sl7 (ollow #,e "o&rse o( #,e $ro"eedi' $res"ri;ed &der
Se"#ios 306 ad 307 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code I# is (&r#,er s&;mi##ed #,a# i re$l7 #o #,e $e#i#io (iled
;7 #,e $e#i#ioer/ #,e C.B.I. (iled a $e#i#io o 1!.02.2001 s#a#i' #,erei #,a# #,e C.B.I. does o#
,a-e a7 o;6e"#io/ i( Rames, +rasad/ #,e $e#i#ioer/ #,e #,e C$era#io C((i"er/ Idia Cil
Cor$ora#io/ Bara&i is made a$$ro-er i #,e is#a# "ase. B&# #,e "o&r# ;elow wi#,o&# "osideri' #,e
re$l7 (iled ;7 #,e C.B.I./ re6e"#ed #,e $e#i#ioerBs a$$li"a#io ,oldi' #,a# #,is $e#i#ioer is dire"#l7
i-ol-ed i #,is "ase.
3. .r. 9,a/ a$$eari' (or #,e C.B.I. s&;mi##ed #,a# #,o&', ,e ,as (iled a "o&#er a((ida-i# i #,is "ase
o 19.04.2011 ;&# ,e ,as o o;6e"#io #o ma5e #,e $e#i#ioer as a a$$ro-er/ i( #,e $e#i#ioer 'i-es
a &der#a5i' i #,e "o&r# ;elow #,a# ,e s,all (ollow #,e "o&rse o( $ro"eedi' &der Se"#ios 306
ad 307 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code.
4. Cosideri' #,e s&;missio o( #,e "o&sel (or #,e C.B.I. ad also "osideri' #,e re$l7 (iled ;7 #,e
C.B.I. i #,e "o&r# ;elow w,i", is ae%ed as Ae%&re*3 i #,is "rimial re-isio a$$li"a#io/ I se#
aside #,e order da#ed 11.01.2011 $assed ;7 #,e Addi#ioal 2is#ri"# ad Sessios J&d'e*"&m* S$e"ial
J&d'e/ C.B.I./ 2,a;ad i R.C.4A3972 ad dire"# #,e #rial "o&r# #,a# i( #,e $e#i#ioer (iles a a((ida-i#
'i-i' &der#a5i' #,a# ,e s,all (ollow #,e "o&rse o( $ro"eedi' $res"ri;ed &der Se"#ios 306 ad
307 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code #,e @rial "o&r# will allow #,e $e#i#ioer #o ;e a a$$ro-er i #,e is#a#
"ase.
!. Gi#, #,is dire"#io #,is Cr. re-isio a$$li"a#io is allowed.
A$$li"a#io allowed
Senthamarai v. S. Krishnara4- (Madras)
2002(1) R.C.R.(Crimial) 674 : 2002 CriLJ 237! : 2002(1) CCR !!7
MA%RAS *#D* CUR!
Be(ore) * .. 9ar$a'a-ia7a'am/ J.
Crl. R.C. 0o. 662 o( 2000 ad Crl. ..+. 0os. 4397 ad 1167 o( 2000. 23d. 7.12.2001.
Senthamarai & Petitioner
(ersus
S. Krishnara4 & Res'ondents
4or #,e +e#i#ioer )* .r. 9. Aso5a/ Seior Co&sel.
4or #,e Res$ode# 0o. 1 )* .r. A. 9o#,adarama/ Ad-o"a#e.
4or #,e Res$ode# 0o. 2 )* .r. S. Ja7a5&mar/ Addi#ioal +&;li" +rose"&#or.
A. Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tion ./0 & !ender of 'ardon & ffen,e of
serious nature should not 5o un'unished & Ahen the 'rose,ution informs the ,ourt
that the 'ardon to one of the a,,used 3ill ma7e the 'rose,ution su,,essful and
other3ise the ,onvi,tion is not easy- the ,ourt shall tender 'ardon. =//8(.)
RCR(Crl.) 282 (SC) relied.
<+ara 36=
<. Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tion ./0 & !ender of 'ardon to a''rovers &
!ender of 'ardon and its a,,e'tan,e by Court is bet3een Court and 'erson 3ho is
5iven 'ardon & %uty of 'rose,ution after 5rant of su,h 'ardon is to e>amine
a''rover as 3itness & Co&a,,used ,annot 6uestion 5rant of 'ardon & !ruth or
falsity of statement made by a,,used for see7in5 'ardon is to be de,ided by Court
alone & Pro,eedin5s re5ardin5 'ardon is neither trial nor en6uiry and other
a,,used are not entitled to any o''ortunity of bein5 heard in su,h 'ro,eedin5.
<+aras 13 #o 16=
C. Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tion ./0 & Drant of 'ardon & Ma7in5
,onfession or in,riminatory statement is not 're&re6uisite by 'erson see7in5
'ardon & Statement should be made by one 3ho is dire,tly or indire,tly ,on,erned
in or 'rivy to offen,e and 5rant of 'ardon is sub4e,t to su,h 'erson ma7in5 full and
true dis,losures of 3hole of ,ir,umstan,es 3ithin his 7no3led5e relatin5 to
offen,e.
<+aras 21 ad 27=
%. Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tions ./0 and ./1 & !ender of 'ardon &
Person see7in5 'ardon need not have fully 'arti,i'ated in ,rime & E>,ul'atory
statement made by 'erson does not disentitle him to 5rant of 'ardon.
<+ara 22=
E. Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tion ./0 & b4e,t and 'ur'ose of 5rant of
'ardon & Se0tio( %$6 Criminal Pro,edure Code is e>,e'tion to 'rin,i'le that no
indu,ement shall be offered to 'erson to dis,lose about ,ommission of offen,e &
b4e,t of 5rantin5 'ardon is that offenders of heinous and 5rave offen,es do not
5o un'unished & Po3er of tender of 'ardon is to be e>er,ised 3here 'rose,ution
,onsiders that eviden,e of a,,om'li,e is ne,essary.
<+aras 21 ad 29=
Cases re(erred )
4aAir Si', -. ?m$eror/ AIR 1931 +C 266.
.... 9o",ar -. S#a#e/ 1969 Crl. L.J. 4!.
0ara7a C,e#aram C,ad&ar7 -. S#a#e o( .a,aras,#ra/ 2000(4) RCR (Cri.) 7!(SC) ) AIR
2000 S&$reme Co&r# 33!2.
.aosi 0aisi Jai -. S#a#e o( .a,aras,#ra/ 191! Crl.L.J 1111.
S#a#e o( :&6ara# -. Ramsi 2e-asi B,il/ 1991 Crl.L.J. 2101.
.a',ar Si', -. S#a#e o( +&6a;/ AIR 197! S&$reme Co&r# 1320.
I Re 9adaswami :o&der/ AIR 19!7 .adras 727.
S.9. Bar&a, -. Assam @ea Bro5ers +-#. L#d./ 199! Crl.L.J. 2361.
9es,a- -. ?m$eror/ AIR 193! Bom;a7 116.
S&res, C,adra Ba,ri -. S#a#e o( Bi,ar/ 1994(3) RCR (Crl) 1 (SC).
Jas;ir Si', -. 8i$i 9&mar Ja''i/ 2001(3) RCR (Crl) 111 (SC)) 2001 Crl.L.J. 3993.
J>2:.?0@
M. Kar'a5avinaya5am- ?. * S. 9ris,ara6/ #,e ,&s;ad ;e"omes a a$$ro-er a'ais# ,is
ow wi(e Se#,amarai i a "rimial $ro"eedi'. Ha-i' (ailed i ,er a##em$# #o $re-e# #,e
#rial Co&r# (rom #ederi' $ardo #o ,er ,&s;ad ad de"lari' ,im as a a$$ro-er/ #,e
$e#i#ioer3wi(e is ;e(ore #,is Co&r# #,ro&', #,is "rimial re-isio $e#i#io ",alle'i' #,e
order 'ra#i' $ardo.
2. C #,e "om$lai# o( oe 2,aala5s,mi Ammal/ a "ase was re'is#ered a'ais# #,e
$e#i#ioer Se#,amarai ad ,er ,&s;ad 9ris,ara6 ad o#,ers alle'i' #,a# #,e7 (a;ri"a#ed
(alse ad (or'ed do"&me#s/ #,e will ad 2eed o( Ass&m$#io wi#, (or'ed si'a#&re o( #,e
said 2,aala5s,mi Ammal ad ,er ,&s;ad 0a#ara6 C,e##iar i order #o 'e# #,e e#ire
$ro$er#ies i (a-o&r o( Se#,amarai ad #o ,a-e #o#al "o#rol o-er #,e Is#i#&#ios r& ;7
#,e @r&s# ad 'o# i# re'is#ered wi#, #,e S&;*Re'is#rar a# Ra6a$ala7am o 4.7.199!. A(#er
(iis,i' i-es#i'a#io/ o 11.11.1999 #,e ",ar'e s,ee# was (iled a'ais# Se#,amarai3wi(e/
9ris,ara63,&s;ad/ +alai .&r&'a/ #,e "ar dri-er ad oe Balas&;ramaiam/ #,e S&;*
Re'is#rar o( Ra6a$ala7am. @,e "ase was #a5e o (ile i C.C. 0o. 2 o( 2000. Be(ore #,e
"omme"eme# o( #rial/ ,&s;ad 9ris,ara6 'a-e 6&di"ial "o(essio #o J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e*
II/ Sri-illi$&#,&r &der Se"#io 164 o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code alle'i' #,a# #,e said
do"&me#s were (or'ed ad (alsel7 (a;ri"a#ed wi#, #,e ,el$ o( all #,e a""&sed i $&rs&a"e
o( "os$ira"7. Si"e #,e a""&sed ,&s;ad wa#ed #o ;e"ome a a$$ro-er/ #,e CB CI2/ #,e
$rose"&#i' a'e"7 (iled a a$$li"a#io ;e(ore #,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e*I/ 8ir&d,&a'ar &der
Se"#io 316 o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code i Crl...+. 0o. 21!6 o( 2000 reA&es#i' $ardo (or
#,e said 9ris,ara6 o 21.6.2000. C #,e -er7 same da7/ #,e (irs# a""&sed Se#,amarai/ #,e
$e#i#ioer ,erei (iled a o;6e"#io. @,e #rial Co&r# a(#er "osideri' #,e $e#i#io ad "o&#er
ad ,eari' #,e "o&sels (or #,e $ar#ies/ $assed a order o 21.7.2000 'ra#i' $ardo #o
#,e se"od a""&sed 9ris,ara6. @,is is #,e s&;6e"# ma##er o( ",alle'e i #,is re-isio.
3. .r. Aso5a/ #,e leared seior "o&sel w,ile assaili' #,e im$&'ed order wo&ld ma5e
#,e (ollowi' "o#e#ios )
(i) ?-e #,o&', #,e "ase was re'is#ered i 1996 ad #,e ",ar'e s,ee# was
(iled i 1999/ #,e a$$ro-er did o# ",oose #o 'i-e a7 "o(essio &der
Se"#io 164 o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad #,e ;ela#ed a$$li"a#io see5i'
(or $ardo o #,e ;asis o( ,is "o(essio w,i", was 'i-e a(#er #,e ",ar'e
s,ee# was (iled wo&ld o# s,ow bonafide as #,e same was (iled i order #o
es"a$e (rom #,e $&is,me#. 4&r#,ermore/ #,e s#a#eme# &der Se"#io 164
o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code "ao# ;e "osidered #o ;e "o(essio si"e i# is
sel(*e%"&l$a#or7.
(2) 4rom #,e 7ear 1996/ i w,i", 7ear #,e "ase was re'is#ered/ #,e s#ad o(
#,e a""&sed 9ris,ara6 i #,e a$$li"a#io (iled ;e(ore #,e di((ere# (or&m #,a#
#,e alle'a#ios le-elled a'ais# ,im ad o#,ers a;sol&#el7 (alse. @,e s&dde
",a'e i ,is s#ad (or see5i' (or $ardo ad "oseA&e# (ili' o( #,e
a$$li"a#io reA&es#i' #,e Co&r# #o #rea# ,im as a a$$ro-er wo&ld "os#i#&#e
a a;&se o( $ro"ess o( Co&r#.
(3) I #,e 7ear 1999*2000/ 9ris,ara6/ $e#i#ioerBs ,&s;ad ,ad id&l'ed i
se-eral irre'&lari#ies rela#i' #o #,e (amil7 $ro$er#ies ad @r&s# $ro$er#ies.
G,e #,e $e#i#ioer3wi(e #ried #o ",e"5 ,im/ ,e a##a"5ed ,er ad "a&sed
i6&ries #o ,er. @,ere(ore/ #,e $e#i#ioer (iled a "rimial "om$lai# ad also
(iled "i-il $ro"eedi's a'ais# ,er ,&s;ad. Ha-i' s&((ered wi#, -ario&s
i#erim orders ad "om$lai#s/ #,e ,&s;ad 9ris,ara6 "oll&ded wi#, #,e
"om$laia# 2,aala5s,mi Ammal ad "os$ired #o ma5e s&", a (alse
s#a#eme# &der Se"#io 164/ Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad also #o see5
$ardo #o a"# as a a$$ro-er.
(4) @,e order #ederi' $ardo #o #,e a""&sed 9ris,ara6 wo&ld ;e"ome
&e"essar7 i -iew o( #,e a-aila;ili#7 o( o#,er ma#erials "olle"#ed ;7 #,e
$rose"&#io #o $ro-e #,e "ase a'ais# #,e a""&sed.
4. I re$l7 #o #,e said s&;missios/ #,e "o&sel (or #,e (irs# res$ode#3,&s;ad ad #,e
Addi#ioal +&;li" +rose"&#or a$$eari' (or #,e se"od res$ode#*Is$e"#or o( +oli"e/ CB
CI2/ wo&ld s&;mi# i 6&s#i(i"a#io o( #,e im$&'ed order 'ra#i' $ardo #o #,e (irs#
res$ode# ,erei.
!. @,e "o&sel (or #,e $ar#ies wo&ld "i#e se-eral a&#,ori#ies/ w,i", we s,all see la#er.
6. C 'oi' #,ro&', #,e $e#i#io ad o "osideri' #,e s&;missios made ;7 #,e "o&sel
(or #,e $ar#ies/ I am o( #,e -iew #,a# #,e "o#e#ios &r'ed ;7 #,e "o&sel (or #,e $e#i#ioer
wo&ld la"5 s&;s#a"e si"e #,e im$&'ed order wo&ld o# s&((er (rom i(irmi#7. @,e reasos
are as (ollows )
7. @,ere is o dis$&#e i #,e (a"# #,a# #,e $e#i#ioer Se#,amarai is #,e ado$#ed da&',#er o(
2,aala5s,mi Ammal/ #,e "om$laia# ad #,e (irs# res$ode# 9ris,ara6 is #,e ,&s;ad
o( #,e $e#i#ioer ad J.9.9. 0a#ara6 C,e##iar/ #,e ,&s;ad o( #,e said 2,aala5s,mi Ammal
was owi' se-eral $ro$er#ies. 2&ri' ,is li(e #ime/ J.9.9. 0a#ara6 C,e##iar was r&i'
#,ree s$ii' mills ad maa'i' se-eral ?d&"a#ioal Is#i#&#ios.
1. I# is s#a#ed #,e $e#i#ioer/ #,e ado$#ed da&',#er o( J.9.9. 0a#ara6 C,e##iar ad
2,aala5s,mi Ammal wa#ed #o 'ra; #,e e#ire $ro$er#ies ad ?d&"a#ioal Is#i#&#ios (or
,ersel( de(ea#i' #,e i#eres# o( #,e o#,er le'al ,eirs o( J.9.9. 0a#ara6 C,e##iar ad wa#ed
#o #a5e "o#rol o-er #,e ?d&"a#ioal Is#i#&#ios ad #r&s#.
9. I# is #,e "ase o( #,e $rose"&#io #,a# A1 wi(e ad A2 ,&s;ad wi#, #,e ,el$ o( A3 "ar
dri-er $re$laed #o "rea#e (alse ad (a;ri"a#ed will ad deed o( ass&m$#io do"&me#s ;7
(or'oi' ((or'i' J) #,e si'a#&re o( ;o#, 0a#ara6 C,e##iar ad 2,aala5s,mi Ammal ad
a""ordi'l7/ $re$ared #,e said (or'ed do"&me#s ad 'o# #,em re'is#ered a# Ra6a$ala7am
o 4.7.199! wi#, #,e "oi-a"e o( #,e S&; Re'is#rar oe Balas&;ramaiam/ w,o is #,e
(o&r#, a""&sed i #,is "ase. A(#er #,e dea#, o( J.9.9. 0a#ara6 C,e##iar/ 2,aala5s,mi Ammal
"ame #o 5ow o( #,ese ille'al a"#s. @,ere(ore/ s,e 'a-e a "om$lai# o 26.3.1996 #o CB CI2
+oli"e w,i", was re'is#ered a'ais# se-e a""&sed &der Se"#ios 419/ 420/ 467 ad 461/
Idia +eal Code.
10. A(#er i-es#i'a#io/ #,e ",ar'e s,ee# was (iled o 11.11.1999 a'ais# (o&r a""&sed/ as
idi"a#ed a;o-e/ (or #,e o((e"es &der Se"#ios 46!/ 467/ 461/ 471 ad 420 Idia +eal
Code ad Se"#io 12(C) ad 12(2) o( #,e Idia Re'is#ra#io A"#/ 1901 read wi#, 120(B)/
Idia +eal Code. @,is was #a5e o (ile (or #,e a;o-e o((e"es i C.C. 0o. 2 o( 2000.
Be(ore #,e "omme"eme# o( #rial/ #,e (irs# res$ode#3,&s;ad wa#ed #o 'i-e "o(essio
#o #,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e*II/ Sri-illi$&#,&r ad a""ordi'l7/ ,is "o(essio was re"orded.
@,erea(#er/ o #,e ;asis o( #,e said "o(essio 'i-i' (&ll de#ails a;o&# #,e "ommissio o(
o((e"es/ #,e $rose"&#io (iled a a$$li"a#io (or #ederi' $ardo o 21.6.2000 ;e(ore #,e
#rial "o&r# i Crl. ..+. 0o. 21!6 o( 2000. I# is s$e"i(i"all7 s#a#ed i #,e said a$$li"a#io #,a#
#,e a""&sed 9ris,ara6 ,ad 'i-e a s#a#eme# ;e(ore #,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e*II/ Sri-illi$&#,&r
i"rimia#i' ,imsel( ad o#,ers i #,e "ommissio o( #,e o((e"es ad i# is "osidered
e"essar7 #o o;#ai #,e dire"# e-ide"e o( #,e a""&sed i #,is "ase ad #,ere(ore/ i# is
reA&es#ed #o #eder $ardo &der Se"#io 306/ Crimial +ro"ed&re Code #o #,e a""&sed
9ris,ara6.
11. C&rio&sl7 o #,e -er7 same da7/ #,e $e#i#ioer (A1) (iled a o;6e"#io $e#i#io. @,e mai
o;6e"#io i #,e said $e#i#io was #,a# o $ardo "o&ld ;e #edered #o ,im ad ,e s,o&ld
o# ;e allowed #o ;e"ome a a$$ro-er/ as ,e wa#ed #o es"a$e (rom #,e $&is,me#. @,e
#rial "o&r# ,ad "osidered #,e o;6e"#io ad o-err&led #,e same ad 'ra#ed $ardo #o #,e
a""&sed 9ris,ara6.
12. I# is se##led law as laid (dow) i 1a2ir Si(*" v. 3mperor, AIR 19%, PC -66/ M.M.
#o0"ar v. State, 1969 Crl. 4.J. 45 #,a# #,e "o*a""&sed "ao# A&es#io #,e a"# a 'ra#i'
$ardo ;7 #,e Co&r# #o oe o( #,e a""&sed/ as #,a# is a i#eral ma##er o( admiis#ra#io/
w,i", "ao# a((e"# #,e $osi#io o( #,e a""&sed or #,e a$$ro-er.
13. @,e #eder o( $ardo ad i#s a""e$#a"e ;7 #,e $erso "o"ered is a ma##er e#irel7
;e#wee #,e "o&r# "o"ered ad #,e $erso #o w,om i# is made. I( #,e #eder o( $ardo is
a""e$#ed ;7 #,e a""om$li"e "o"ered/ #,e ol7 o;li'a#io $la"ed &$o #,e $rose"&#io is #o
e%amie ,im as a wi#ess i #,e "ase.
14. G,e#,er #,e s#a#eme# made ;7 #,e a""&sed see5i' (or $ardo is -ol&#ar7 or o# is #o
;e de"ided ;7 #,e Co&r# aloe. I( i# is #,e "ase o( #,e o#,er a""&sed #,a# #,e s#a#eme# o(
#,e a$$ro-er is wro' ad ;ela#ed/ i# ,as #o ;e es#a;lis,ed ;7 s&;6e"#i' #,e a$$ro-er #o
"ross*e%amia#io #,a# #,e s#a#eme# made ;7 ,im was a (alse s#a#eme#.
1!. @,e $ardo $ro"eedi' w,i", #a5es ;e(ore #,e .a'is#ra#e is ei#,er a eA&ir7 or a
#rial i w,i", a o$$or#&i#7 m&s# ;e 'i-e #o #,e o#,er a""&sed #o s,ow #o #,e "o&r# #,a#
#,e s#a#eme# o( #,e a""&sed see5i' $ardo is o# #r&e. Cl7 d&ri' #,e "o&rse o( #rial/ #,e
o$$or#&i#7 will ;e 'i-e #o #,e a""&sed #o s,ow #o #,e "o&r# #,a# #,e a$$ro-erBs e-ide"e a#
#,e #rial is &#r&s#wor#,7 i -iew o( #,e "o#radi"#ios or im$ro-eme#s made ;7 ,im ;7
allowi' #,e a""&sed #o "ross*e%amie.
16. 4rom #,ese $ri"i$les laid dow i -ario&s de"isios/ i# is "lear #,a# #,e o#,er "o*a""&sed
"ao# ;e "om$e#e# eo&', #o #ell #,e "o&r# #,a# #,e s#a#eme# o( #,e $erso "o"ered is
(alse ad #,ere(ore/ #,e $ardo "ao# ;e 'ra#ed. @,ere(ore/ #,e "o#e#io wi#, re'ard #o
#,e di((ere# s#ad #a5e ;7 a""om$li"e ma7 o# deser-e a""e$#a"e.
17. Similarl7 #,e a""&sed "ao# A&es#io #,e s#a'e a# w,i", #,e $ardo ,as ;ee 'ra#ed.
As a ma##er o( (a"#/ Se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code wo&ld $ro-ide #,a# #,e C,ie(
J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e or a7 .a'is#ra#e o( #,e (irs# "lass iA&iri' i#o or #r7i' #,e o((e"e
ma7 #eder $ardo a# a7 s#a'e o( #,e iA&ir7 or #rial.
11. I 5ara6a( C"eta(ram C"aduar6 v. State of Ma"aras"tra, -$$$&4) RCR&Crl.) /5
&SC) . AIR -$$$ Supreme Court %%5-, i# is ,eld as (ollows )
F0o #ime limi# is $ro-ided (or re"ordi' s&", a s#a#eme# ad dela7 i#sel( is o
'ro&d #o re6e"# #,e #es#imo7 o( #,e a""om$li"e. 2ela7 ma7 ;e oe o( #,e
"ir"&ms#a"es #o ;e 5e$# i mid as a meas&re o( "a&#io (or a$$re"ia#i' #,e
e-ide"e o( #,e a""om$li"e. H&ma mid "ao# ;e e%$e"#ed #o ;e rea"#i' i
a similar maer &der di((ere# si#&a#ios. A7 $erso a""&sed o( a o((e"e/
ma7 a# a7 #ime ;e(ore #,e 6&d'me# is $roo&"ed/ re$e# (or ,is a"#io ad
-ol&#eer #o dis"lose #,e #r&#, i #,e "o&r#. Re$e#a"e is a "odi#io o( mid
di((eri' (rom $erso #o $erso ad (rom si#&a#io #o si#&a#io.F
@,ere(ore/ #,ere is o meri# i #,e a;o-e "o#e#io as well.
19. I# is "o#eded #,a# #,e s#a#eme# 'i-e ;7 #,e a""&sed/ #,e (irs# res$ode# is sel(*
e%"&l$a#or7 ad ,as 'i-e s&", a s#a#eme# im$li"a#i' o#,ers i order #o es"a$e (rom #,e
$&is,me#.
20. @,is s&;missio/ i m7 -iew/ is (a"#&all7 i"orre"#. C 'oi' #,ro&', #,e s#a#eme#
&der Se"#io 164/ Crimial +ro"ed&re Code 'i-e ;7 #,e (irs# res$ode# 9ris,ara6/ i# is
"lear #,a# ,e was a $ar#7 #o #,e "os$ira"7 o( as well as $ar#7 #o #,e e#ire a"#s o(
(a;ri"a#io o( (or'ed do"&me#s ad re'is#ra#io o( #,e same wi#, #,e ,el$ o( A4 S&;
Re'is#rar. As a ma##er o( (a"#/ ,e wo&ld s#a#e #,a# #,e $re$ara#io o( do"&me#s ad #,e
(or'oi' ((or'i' J) o( si'a#&res o( 0a#ara6 C,e##iar ad 2,aala5s,mi Ammal i #wo
do"&me#s ;7 #,e o#,er a""&sed were ol7 wi#, ,is 5owled'e.
21. @,o&', ,e ,ad o# s#a#ed #,a# ,e #oo5 domia# role i #,e $re$ara#io o( do"&me#s
;7 $&##i' (or'ed si'a#&res i #,e (a;ri"a#ed do"&me#s/ (or 'ra#i' $ardo &der Se"#io
306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code/ i# is o# a $re*reA&isi#e "odi#io #,a# #,e s#a#eme# o( a
$erso o w,ose ;e,al( $ardo is so&',# m&s# ;e i #,e a#&re o( "o(essio or ,e m&s#
im$li"a#e ,imsel( (&ll7 i #,e o((e"e. G,a# #,e se"#io reA&ires is #o o;#ai s#a#eme# i or
$ri-7 #o #,e o((e"e ad s&", a $erso "a ;e 'ra#ed $ardo o #,e "odi#io o( ,is
ma5i' a (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( w,ole o( #,e "ir"&ms#a"es wi#,i ,is 5owled'e rela#i-e
#o #,e o((e"e.
22. Se"#io 306/ Crimial +ro"ed&re Code wo&ld $ro-ide #,a# w,ile 'ra#i' $ardo/ all #,a#
,as #o ;e see ;7 #,e "o&r# is as #o w,e#,er #,e a$$ro-er was dire"#l7 or idire"#l7
"o"ered wi#, #,e o((e"e or ,e was s&$$osed #o ,a-e ;ee $ri-7 #o #,e o((e"e. @,e
em$,asis is o #,e word Fs&$$osedF. @,is word Fs&$$osedF does o# mea #,a# s&", a
$erso s,o&ld ,a-e (&ll7 $ar#i"i$a#ed i #,e "rime. @,&s/ #,e -er7 ;asis o( #,e se"#io is #,a#
a $erso w,o a$$lies (or $ardo &der #,e $ro-isios o( Se"#ios 306 ad 307 "a ;e
ass&med #o ;e dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "o"ered i #,e o((e"e. Similarl7/ ,e ma7 ;e ass&med
#o ;e $ri-7 #o #,e o((e"e. @,&s/ #,e $erso a$$l7i' ma7 o# ;e a"#&al "&l$ri#/ ad #,ere
does o# arise a7 A&es#io o( e%"&l$a#i' oeBs ow sel(. 4&r#,er/ s&", a $erso s,o&ld ;e
s&$$osed #o ;e dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "o"ered or $ri-7 #o #,e o((e"e. .eai' o( #,e #erm
B"o"eredB also s,ows #,a# s&", a $erso ma7 ;e some,ow dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "oe"#ed
wi#, #,e o((e"e. He ma7 ,a-e some i#eres# #,erei or #,e i"ide# w,i", led #o #,e o((e"e
ma7 ;e o( some im$or#a"e #o ,im.
23. @,ese $ri"i$les ,a-e ;ee laid dow i Maosi 5ai(si Jai( v. State of Ma"aras"tra,
19,5 Crl.4.J 1,1,/ State of !u+arat v. Ramsi 'evasi 7"il, 1991 Crl.4.J. -,$1 ad
Ma*"ar Si(*" v. State of Pu(+ab, AIR 19/5 Supreme Court 1%-$.
24. I #,e li',# o( #,e a;o-e de"isios/ i( we loo5 a# #,e s#a#eme# o( #,e (irs# res$ode#
'i-e ;e(ore #,e .a'is#ra#e/ i# "ao# ;e said #,a# ,e was o# was a $ri-7 #o #,e o((e"e. C
#,e o#,er ,ad/ ,is s#a#eme# "learl7 s,ows #,a# ,e was a $ri-7 #o or a "os$ira#or i #,e
"ommissio o( #,e o((e"e. @,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e w,o 'ra#ed $ardo #o #,e a$$ro-er was
(&ll7 sa#is(ied #,a# #,e s#a#eme# o( #,e a$$ro-er was ,is (&ll ad "om$le#e dis"los&re o( #,e
a"# w,i", ,e &do&;#edl7 did. @,ere(ore/ #,is "o#e#io also wo&ld (ail.
2!. @,e e%# "o#e#io &r'ed ;7 #,e "o&sel is #,a# #,ere are alread7 e-ide"e a-aila;le
ad as s&",/ #,e e-ide"e o( a$$ro-er is &e"essar7.
26. I a series o( "ases/ #,e a""e$#ed le'al $osi#io is #,a# #,e '&idi' $ri"i$le (or
#ederi' o( $ardo #o a a""om$li"e is #o $re-e# #,e es"a$e o( o((eders (rom $&is,me#
i 'ra-e "ases (or la"5 o( e-ide"e.
27. Se"#io 306 wo&ld ea;le #,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e #o #eder a $ardo #o a7 $erso o
"odi#io o( ,is ma5i' a (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e w,ole o( #,e "ir"&ms#a"es wi#,i
,is 5owled'e rela#i-e #o #,e o((e"e with a view to obtaining the evidence of that person.
I order #o e%er"ise #,is $ower/ #,e $erso #o w,om $ardo is #o ;e 'i-e m&s# ;e dire"#l7
or idire"#l7 "o"ered i or $ri-7 #o #,e o((e"e/ w,i", is ;ei' #ried ;e(ore #,e "o"ered
J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e ad #,e $ardo is #o ;e 'i-e ol7 (or #,e de(ii#e $&r$ose o( o;#aii'
#,e e-ide"e o( #,e $erso "o"ered.
21. Se"#io 306 o( #,e Code la7s dow a "lear e%"e$#io #o #,e $ri"i$le #,a# o id&"eme#
s,all ;e o((ered #o a $erso #o dis"lose w,a# ,e 5ows a;o&# #,e $ro"ed&re. Si"e ma7 a
#ime #,e "rime is "ommi##ed i a maer (or w,i", o "l&e or a7 #ra"5 is a-aila;le (or i#s
de#e"#io ad/ #,ere(ore/ $ardo is 'ra#ed (or a$$re,esio o( #,e o#,er o((eders (or #,e
$rod&"#io o( #,e e-ide"e w,i", o#,erwise is &o;#aia;le. @,e domia# o;6e"# is #,a# #,e
o((eders o( #,e ,eio&s ad 'ra-e o((e"es do o# 'o &$&is,ed. @,e Le'isla#&re i i#s
wisdom "osidered i# e"essar7 #o i#rod&"e #,is se"#io ad "o(ie i#s o$era#io #o "ases
me#ioed i Se"#io 306 o( #,e Code. @,e o;6e"# o( se"#io 306 #,ere(ore i# #o allow $ardo
#o "ases w,ere ,eio&s o((e"e is alle'ed #o ,a-e ;ee "ommi##ed ;7 se-eral $ersos so
#,a# wi#, #,e aid o( #,e e-ide"e o( #,e $erso 'ra#ed $ardo #,e o((e"e ma7 ;e ;ro&',#
,ome #o #,e res#. @,e ;asis o( #,e #eder o( $ardo is o# #,e e%#e# o( #,e "&l$a;ili#7 o( #,e
$erso #o w,om $ardo is 'ra#ed/ ;7 (;&# J) #,e $ri"i$le is #o $re-e# #,e es"a$e o( #,e
o((eders (rom $&is,me# i ,eio&s o((e"es (or la"5 o( e-ide"e.
29. @,e $owers &der Se"#io 306/ Crimial +ro"ed&re Code o&',# #o ;e e%er"ised w,ere
#,e $rose"&#io "osiders #,a# #,e e-ide"e o( a a""om$li"e is e"essar7.
30. @,ese $ri"i$les ,a-e ;ee laid dow i I( Re #a(das8ami !ou(der, AIR 195/
Madras /-// S.#. 7arua" v. M9s Assam :ea 7ro;ers Pvt. 4td., 1995 Crl.4.J. -%61/
#es"av v. 3mperor, AIR 19%5 7omba6 1,6 ad Sures" C"a(dra 7a"ri v. State of
7i"ar, 1994&%) RCR&Crl.) 1 &SC).
31. I #,e li',# o( #,e a;o-e $ri"i$les/ #,e "o#e#io o( #,e S#a#e wi#, re'ard #o #,e
e"essi#7 o( #a5i' a a$$ro-er ,as #o ;e "osidered.
32. As idi"a#ed a;o-e/ i #,e a$$li"a#io (iled ;7 #,e $rose"&#io &der Se"#io 306/
Crimial +ro"ed&re Code/ i# is s$e"i(i"all7 s#a#ed as (ollows )
F9ris,ara6/ #,e a""&sed ,ad 'i-e a s#a#eme# ;e(ore #,e J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e
0o. II Sri-illi$&#,&r/ i"rimia#i' ,imsel( ad o#,ers i #,e "ommissio o( #,e
o((e"es. I# is "osidered e"essar7 #o o;#ai #,e dire"# e-ide"e o( #,e
a""&sed i #,is "ase.F
33. @,is s#a#eme# made ;7 #,e $rose"&#i' a'e"7 ;e(ore #,e #rial "o&r# "ao# ;e
i'ored/ i -iew o( #,e (a"# #,a# #,e s#a#eme# o( #,e a""&sed (or 'ra#i' $ardo wo&ld
dis"lose #,a# #,ere is a dire"# e-ide"e (or #,e o((e"es o( (or'er7 ad &si' #,e (or'ed
do"&me#s wi#, #,e "oi-a"e o( S&; Re'is#rar a# Ra6a$ala7am ad #,ere;7/ #,e e#ire
$ro$er#ies ;elo'i' #o 0a#ara6 C,e##iar ad 2,aala5s,mi Ammal ,a-e ;ee 'ra;;ed.
34. I# is #r&e #,a# w,ile (ili' #,e ",ar'e s,ee#/ #,e do"&me#ar7 e-ide"e w,i", was
"olle"#ed ;7 #,e $rose"&#io d&ri' #,e "o&rse o( i-es#i'a#io/ a-aila;le i #,e (orm o(
?%$er#Bs o$iio #o $ro-e #,a# #,ose do"&me#s are (or'ed. B&#/ #,e e-ide"e o( #,e
a$$ro-er w,o was a $ar#7 ad +ri-7 #o #,e said o((e"es i"l&di' "os$ira"7 wo&ld ;e a
dire"# e-ide"e w,i", wo&ld "orro;ora#e #,e do"&me#ar7 e-ide"e w,i", is alread7
a-aila;le i #,e (orm o( ?%$er#Bs o$iio.
3!. As ,eld ;7 #,is Co&r# as well as #,e A$e% Co&r# o -ario&s o""asios/ mere ?%$er#Bs
o$iio wo&ld o# ;e a s&((i"ie# ma#erial #o $ro-e #,e "&l$a;ili#7 o( #,e $erso "o"ered.
B&#/ ow #,e $rose"&#io is a;le #o $rod&"e s&;s#a#i-e e-ide"e #,ro&', #,e a$$ro-er
w,i", wo&ld "li",i'l7 $ro-e #,a# #,e a"#s were "ommi##ed ;7 all #,e #,ree a""&sed. I( #,e
"ase o( $rose"&#io is #r&e/ #,e #,e o((e"es "ommi##ed ;7 #,e a""&sed $ersos so serio&s
ad ,eio&s. I #,ese #7$e o( "ases/ #,e o((eders s,o&ld o# 'o &$&is,ed merel7
;e"a&se o( #,e is&((i"ie"7 o( #,e e-ide"e. G,e #,e s&;s#a#i-e e-ide"e is a-aila;le
#,ro&', #,e a$$ro-er/ #,e $rose"&#io is ;o&d #o &se #,e same ad "oseA&e#l7/ #,e
J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e w,o 'ra#s $ardo ,as #o e%er"ise ,is dis"re#ioar7 $owers ;eari' i
mid #,e o;6e"# o( Se"#io 306 w,i", ,as ;ee i#rod&"ed (or #,e $&r$ose o( $re-e#i' #,e
es"a$e o( #,e real o((eders (rom #,e ,eio&s o((e"e.
36. 4&r#,ermore #,e o;ser-a#io made ;7 #,e S&$reme Co&r# i #,e re"e# de"isio i
Jasbir Si(*" v. <ipi( #umar Ja**i, -$$1&%) RCR&Crl.) ,1, &SC) . -$$1 Crl.4.J. %99%
wo&ld s&$$or# #,e -iew o( mie. @,e same is as (ollows )
FI( #,e $rose"&#io #,i5s #,a# #,e #eder o( $ardo will ;e i #,e i#eres# i( a
s&""ess(&l $rose"&#io o( #,e o#,er o((eders w,ose "o-i"#io is o# eas7
wi#,o&# #,e a$$ro-erBs #es#imo7/ #,e "o&r# will id&;i#a;l7 a'ree #o #,e
#ederi' o( $ardo. @,e Co&r# m&s# o# #a5e o i#sel( #,e #as5 o( de#ermii'
#,e $ro$rie#7 o( #ederi' $ardo.F
@,is di"#&m ;7 #,e S&$reme Co&r# wo&ld ma5e i# so "lear #,a# w,e #,e $rose"&#io i(orms
#,e "o&r# #,a# #,e $ardo #o oe o( #,e a""&sed will ma5e #,e $rose"&#io s&""ess(&l ad
o#,erwise #,e "o-i"#io is o# eas7/ #,e "o&r# s,all #eder $ardo.
37. I #,e li',# o( #,e dis"&ssio ad #,e o;ser-a#io o( #,e S&$reme Co&r#/ re(erred #o
a;o-e/ #,e order 'ra#i' $ardo #o #,e (irs# res$ode# 9ris,ara6 is well 6&s#i(ied ad #,e
same wo&ld o# s&((er (rom a7 i(irmi#7. He"e/ #,e re-isio is dismissed "oseA&e#l7/
Crl...+. 0os. 4197 ad 1167 o( 2000 are "losed. @,e #rial "o&r# is dire"#ed #o 'o o wi#, #,e
#rial ad dis$ose o( #,e same as e%$edi#io&sl7 as $ossi;le.
Re-isio dismissed.
State of *ima,hal Pradesh v. Surinder Mohan- (SC)
2000(1) Crimes 211 : 2000(1) R.C.R.(Crimial) 611 : 2000 AIR (SC) 1162 : 2000 CriLJ
1429 : 200!(3) CLJ(H.+.) 221 : 2000(2) SCC 396 : 2000(1) S"ale 4!0 : 2000(1) J@ !93 :
2000(1) AICLR 671 : 2000 SCC(Cri) 400 : 2000(1) SCR 6!9
SUPREME CUR! " #$%#A
Be(ore )* 9.@. @,omas ad ..B. S,a,/ JJ.
Crimial A$$eal 0o. 131 o( 2000 (Arisi' o&# o( SL+ (Crimial) 0o. 1!16 o( 1999). 23d.
7.2.2000
State of *ima,hal Pradesh & A''ellant
(ersus
Surinder Mohan & Res'ondents
4or #,e A$$ella# )* .r. Ail Soi ad .s. .eea5s,i Arora/ Ad-o"a#es.
4or #,e Res$ode#s )* .r. R.2. >$ad,7a7/ .r. :ird,ar :. >$ad,7a7/ .r S7ed Ali A,med/
.r. S7ed @aweer A,med ad .r. 9.L. :a&#am/ Ad-o"a#es.
A. Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tions ./0 and ./1 & #ndian Penal Code-
Se,tion ./= & A''rover & Murder & ne of the a,,used 'rayed to be,ome a''rover &
C.?.M. e>amined him and 5ranted 'ardon & A''rover not offered for ,ross
e>amination & C.?.M. ,ommittin5 the ,ase to Sessions Court & A''rover e>amined
and ,ross e>amined durin5 trial & $o 're4udi,e ,aused to a,,used due to non&,ross
e>amination of a''rover before C.?.M. & !rial not vitiated.
<+aras 12 ad 19=
<. #ndian Penal Code- Se,tion ./= & Criminal Pro,edure Code- Se,tions ./0- ./1
and ;0: & Murder trial & ne of the a,,used turned as a''rover & C.?.M. 5ranted
'ardon and ,ommitted the ,ase to Sessions Court & Pro'er 'ro,edure under
Se0tio( %$6 Criminal Pro,edure Code not follo3ed & !rial ,ondu,ted by Sessions
?ud5e & A,,used not allo3ed to ta7e ob4e,tion re5ardin5 non&,ross e>amination of
a''rover before the Court of C.?.M. & !his ob4e,tion not allo3ed to be ta7en at
ar5uments sta5e & Under Se,tion ;0: Criminal Pro,edure Code ob4e,tion ,ould be
ta7en earlier.
<+aras 12 ad 19=
C. Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tions ./0 and ./1 & A''rover & Drant of
'ardon to a''rover & S,o'e of Se0tio( %$6 Criminal Pro,edure Code e>'lained :&
i. the 'ur'ose of the Se,tion is to obtain the eviden,e of any 'erson
su''osed to have been dire,tly or indire,tly ,on,erned in or 'rivy to
an offen,e Edurin5 investi5ation- in6uiry or trialEF
ii. the Chief ?udi,ial Ma5istrate or Metro'olitan Ma5istrate is
em'o3ered to tender a 'ardon to su,h 'erson Eat any sta5e of
investi5ation or in6uiry into or the trial of the offen,eEF
iii. the ,ondition for tender of su,h 'ardon is that the 'erson is to
ma7e full and true dis,losure of the 3hole ,ir,umstan,es 3ithin his
7no3led5e relatin5 to the offen,eF
iv. a 'erson a,,e'tin5 'ardon under sub&se,tion (8) is to be
Ee>aminedE as a 3itness in the Court of Ma5istrate ta7in5 ,o5niGan,e
of the offen,e and in subse6uential trial- if any.
v. "urther- if the ,ase is ,ommitted for trial to the Court of Sessions-
Se,tion ./1 em'o3ers the Sessions Court to tender 'ardon on the
same ,onditions to su,h 'erson before the 4ud5ment is 'assed.
<+ara 11=
%. Crimi(al Pro0edure Code - 19/% - Se,tions 8:0 and =// & Eviden,e A,t- Se,tions
8.: and 8.2 & #nvesti5ation & Cross&e>amination & #nvesti5ation by Poli,e &
Buestion of ,ross&e>amination by the a,,used does not arise & Similarly under
Se,tion =// 3hen Ma5istrate before ta7in5 ,o5niGan,e of offen,e- i.e. before
issuin5 'ro,ess holds the in6uiry- a,,used has no ri5ht to be heard and 6uestion of
,ross&e>amination does arise.
<+ara 12=
Cases re(erred )
A. 2e-edra -. S#a#e o( @amil 0ad&/ 1997(11) SCC 720.
S&res, C,adra Ba,ri -. S#a#e o( Bi,ar/ 199! S&$$l. 1 SCC 10.
>ra-a5oda 8i6a7ara6 +a&l -. S#a#e ad o#,ers/ 1916 Crl. L.J. 2104.
9al& 9,oda -. S#a#e/ AIR 1962 :&6ara# 213.
Sa6a7 :ad,i -. >io o( Idia/ AIR 1971 S&$reme Co&r# !14.
J>2:.?0@
M.<. Shah- ?. * Lea-e 'ra#ed.
2. @,e res$ode#s were #ried (or o((e"es $&is,a;le &der Se"#ios 302/ 310/ 4!7/ 120*B
read wi#, Se"#io 34 Idia +eal Code ;7 #,e Addi#ioal Sessios J&d'e (I)/ 9a'ra a#
2,arams,ala i Sessios "ase 0o. 1 o( 1911 ad were a"A&i##ed (or #,e said o((e"es ;7
order da#ed 1#, .a7/ 1990. @,e S#a#e $re(erred Crimial A$$eal 0o. 460 o( 1990 ;e(ore #,e
Hi', Co&r# o( Hima",al +rades,. @,e a$$eal was dismissed ;7 6&d'me# ad order da#ed
2.1.1991 solel7 o #,e 'ro&d #,a# #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e ,ad (ailed #o "om$l7 wi#,
#,e mada#or7 dire"#ios "o#aied i "la&se (a) o( s&;*se"#io (4) o( Se"#io 306 Crimial
+ro"ed&re Code as o s#a#eme# o( a$$ro-er was re"orded ;7 #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e
d&ri' #,e "ommi##al $ro"eedi's/ w,i", -i#ia#es #,e "ommi##al o( #,e a""&sed $ersos #o
Co&r# o( Sessio ad "oseA&e#l7 #,e #rial ;7 #,e Sessios J&d'e.
3. Be(ore deali' wi#, #,e A&es#io o( law arisi' i #,is a$$eal/ we wo&ld s#a#e i &#s,ell
#,e $rose"&#io -ersio. I# is #,e sa7 o( #,e $rose"&#io #,a# 2r. 9ewal 9ris,a was a
medi"al $ra"#i#ioer ,a-i' roari' $ra"#i"e i -illa'e :&mmer. A""&sed S&rider .o,a
was reside# o( #,e same -illa'e ad was $os#ed as a "om$o&der i "i-il dis$esar7/
Jawalam&5,i. Besides ,is o((i"ial d&#ies ,e was also e'a'ed i $ri-a#e medi"al $ra"#i"e a#
,is -illa'e ad was assis#ed ;7 ,is wi(e. Be"a&se o( #,e roari' $ra"#i"e o( 2r. 9ewal
9ris,a/ S&rider .o,a was ,a-i' mali"e ad ,e wa#ed #o do awa7 wi#, #,e li(e o( 2r.
9ewal 9ris,a. I# is also #,e "ase o( #,e $rose"&#io #,a# S&rider .o,a 'a-e #,rea#s #o 2r.
9ewal 9ris,a #o do awa7 wi#, ,is li(e ad (or #,is le##er was se# #,ro&', ,is sis#erBs so
Ra-ider 9&mar (+G14). I# is (&r#,er sa7 o( #,e $rose"&#io #,a# o 24#, .ar", 1911 a# 10
$.m. Sadee$ 9&mar (+G29) a""&sed w,o la#er #&red as a a$$ro-er was 'oi' #o a##ed
BJa'ra#aB a# Bir& C,a&d,ar7Bs reside"e a# -illa'e 2e,ria. G,e ,e "o&ld rea", ear #,e
:o-erme# dis$esar7/ :&mmer/ ,e "ame a"ross S&rider .o,a ad Bir& Ram ad a#
#,a# #ime S&rider .o,a was ,a-i' ,is s"oo#er. S&rider .o,a as5ed Sadee$ 9&mar as
#o w,ere ,e was 'oi'E Sadee$ 9&mar a$$rised ,im a;o&# ,is 'oi' #o a##ed #,e
BJa'ra#aBE A""&sed S&rider .o,a #old ,im #,a# ,e ,ad 'oe #o a##ed oe 0irmala 2e-i
w,o was serio&sl7 ill ad &(or#&a#el7 #,e medi"ies w,i", were reA&ired (or ,er #rea#me#
were o# wi#, ,im. He #,ere(ore reA&es#ed Sadee$ 9&mar #,a# ,e s,o&ld "all 2r. 9ewal
9ris,a as #,e reA&ired medi"ies were a-aila;le wi#, ,im. 4or #,is $&r$ose a""&sed
S&rider .o,a re$ea#edl7 reA&es#ed ad s#a#ed #,a# li(e o( 0irmala 2e-i was a# $eril ad
#,ere(ore ,e s,o&ld ,el$. As Sadee$ 9&mar a'reed/ S&rider .o,a #oo5 ,im o ,is
s"oo#er ad ali',#ed ,im ear s,o$ o( 9edar 0a#, (+G16). Sadee$ 9&mar #,erea(#er "alled
&$o 2r. 9ewal 9ris,a ad reA&es#ed ,im #o a""om$a7 (or 'i-i' #rea#me# #o 0irmala
2e-i. Hardl7/ Sadee$ 9&mar ad 2r. 9ewal 9ris,a "o&ld "o-er #,e dis#a"e o( 300 7ards/
S&rider .o,a me# #,em alo' wi#, #,e a""&sed Bir& Ram. I# is (&r#,er alle'ed #,a# w,e
#,e7 "o&ld "o-er dis#a"e o( 100 7ards (&r#,er/ o#,er a""&sed S,as,i +a&l ad Amar Si',
also me# #,em. @,erea(#er w,e #,e7 rea",ed ear #,e 'o-erme# dis$esar7/ :,&mmer/
a""&sed S&rider .o,a ad Bir& Ram $o&"ed &$o 2r. 9ewal 9ris,a. S&rider .o,a
'a''ed #,e mo&#, o( 2r. 9ewal 9ris,a wi#, a $ie"e o( "lo#, ad #ried #o $&s, ,im #owards
#,e ear;7 0alla,. A""&sed Amar Si', ad S,as,i +al "ame (rom ;e,id ad #,erea(#er 2r.
9ewal 9ris,a was dra''ed a;o&# 10 s#e$s dowwards. A# #,a# s#a'e/ Bir& Ram a##a"5ed
wi#, 5i(e (",,&ra) ad o re"ei-i' #,e s#a; i6&r7/ 2r. (ell o #,e 'ro&d. S&;seA&e#l7/
a""&sed S&rider .o,a as5ed Sadee$ 9&mar as #o w,o o#,er $erso was i #,e room o(
do"#or. A(#er s#a#i' #,a# 8i6a7 9&mar was i #,e room ad ,e was 5owi' e-er7#,i'/
Sadee$ 9&mar "&rsed S&rider 9&mar as #o w,7 ,e was ",ea#i' ad s#a#ed #,a# ,e wo&ld
re-eal #,e e#ire e$isode #o ,is (a#,er. S&rider .o,a ass&red ,im #o $a7 Rs. !0003*/ ;&#
,e did o# s&;mi# #o ,is wis,es ad we# o s,o&#i'. @,e S&rider .o,a a##a"5ed
Sadee$ 9&mar wi#, a 5i(e/ ;&# wi#, 'rea# di((i"&l#7 ,e ra awa7 (rom #,e s$o#. A# #,a#
s#a'e also/ a""&sed $ersos ad Bir& Ram a##a"5ed &$o ,im wi#, 5i(e w,i", ,i# ,im o ,is
;a"5. Gi#, 'rea# di((i"&l#7 ,e rea",ed ,is ,o&se ad a(#er "leai' #,e ;lood (rom ,is $erso
,e sile#l7 we# #o ,is room ad did o# dis"lose a7#,i' re'ardi' #,e i"ide# #o
a7;od7. I# is ,is (&r#,er sa7 #,a# o #,e e%# mori' w,e ,e we# #o aswer #,e "all o(
a#&re ear #,e 0alla,/ ,e o#i"ed #,e red "olo&r o( wa#er ad also #,e dead ;od7 o( 2r.
9ewal 9ris,a i #,e ;&s,es.
4. I# is also #,e $rose"&#io -ersio #,a# o #,e e%# mori' +G11 8i$i 9&mar made a
re$or# #o #,e $oli"e #,a# #,e s,o$ o( +iare C,ad ad #,e reside"e o( 2r. 9ewal 9ris,a
w,ere do"#or ad ,is room ma#e 8i6a7 9&mar &sed #o slee$ were l7i' o$e ad o oe was
see a# #,eir res$e"#i-e "o#s ad #,a# #,e dead ;od7 o( 8i6a7 9&mar was l7i' i #,e ear;7
$as#&re lad. C re"ei-i' #,is i(orma#io 4IR (or o((e"e $&is,a;le &der Se"#io 302
was re'is#ered. C #,e same da7/ dead ;od7 o( 2r. 9ewal 9ris,a was (o&d. A(#er
i-es#i'a#io/ Sadee$ 9&mar was arres#ed o 26#, .ar", 1991/ a""&sed Bir& Ram/ Amar
Si',/ S,as,i +a&l were arres#ed o 27#, .ar", 1911/ w,ile a""&sed S&rider .o,a was
arres#ed o 21#, .ar", 1911. C 1#, J&e 1911 Sadee$ 9&mar mo-ed a a$$li"a#io (rom
#,e 6ail e%$ressi' ,is i#e#io #o ma5e a #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e (a"#s i rela#io #o #,e
m&rder o( 2r. 9ewal 9ris,a ad 8i6a7 9&mar as ,e was ;&rdeed wi#, '&il#. A(#er
"om$le#i' #,e (ormali#ies ad re"ordi' #,e s#a#eme#/ #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e
'ra#ed $ardo #o Sadee$ 9&mar. @,e "ase was "ommi##ed #o #,e Co&r# o( Sessio o 4#,
A&'&s#/ 1911.
!. +.G.33/ S,. J... Barowalia/ C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e ,as de$osed ;e(ore #,e Co&r# #,a#
o 9.6.1911 ,e re"ei-ed a$$li"a#io (rom Sadee$ 9&mar &der#rial #,ro&', S&$eri#ede#
Jail. C #,a# a$$li"a#io/ o#i"e was iss&ed #o ++ as well as SHC/ Jawalam&5,i ad #,e da#e
was (i%ed o 13.6.1911. Sadee$ 9&mar was $rod&"ed ;e(ore ,im ad ,e was e%$laied ;7
,im #,a# ,e was &der o o;li'a#io #o ma5e a7 s#a#eme# ad i( ,e ma5es #,e s#a#eme#/
i# "a ;e &sed a'ais# ,im. @,e ma##er was ad6o&red #o 1!.6.1911 ad #,erea(#er o
1!.6.1911 i $rese"e o( A++/ R.S. S,arma/ ,is s#a#eme# was re"orded a(#er 'i-i' ,im
(&r#,er ,al(*a*,o&r #o #,i5 w,a# s#a#eme# ,e wa#ed #o ma5e. Sadee$ 9&mar was
(&r#,er 'i-e #ime o( oe ,o&r ad #,erea(#er a# 3.30 $.m. a(#er re"ordi' ,is s#a#eme#/ ,e
#edered $ardo o #,e "odi#io o( ,is ma5i' (&ll ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e "ir"&ms#a"es
wi#,i ,is 5owled'e rela#i' #o #,e o((e"e. @,e s#a#eme# o( Sadee$ 9&mar is also
$rod&"ed o re"ord a# ?%#. +G2.
6. I# was #,e "o#e#io o( #,e leared "o&sel (or #,e a""&sed ;e(ore #,e Hi', Co&r# #,a#
#,e s#a#eme# o( a$$ro-er Sadee$ 9&mar was re"orded ;7 #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e o
1!.6.1911 a(#er 'ra#i' ,im $ardo o #,e "odi#io #,a# ,e wo&ld ma5e #r&e dis"los&re o(
#,e i"ide#. B&#/ o #,a# da#e/ ",alla was o# (iled ;e(ore #,e CJ. ad o#,er a""&sed were
also o# s&mmoed #o ea;le #,em #o "ross e%amie Sadee$ 9&mar/ ad #,ere(ore/
s#a#eme# o( #,e a$$ro-er "ao# ;e #rea#ed as s#a#eme# re"orded ;7 #,e "ommi##al Co&r#
&der Se"#io 306(4) Crimial +ro"ed&re Code @,e Hi', Co&r# ,eld #,a# #,e $rose"&#io ,as
#o e%amie #,e a$$ro-er ;e(ore #,e "ommi##al Co&r# as $ro-ided &der s&;*Se"#io (4) o(
Se"#io 306 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code w,i", will ;e ,is e%amia#io*i*",ie( ad #,e a""&sed
$erso wo&ld ,a-e a ri',# #o "ross* e%amie ,im. @,ere(ore/ s#a#eme# re"orded ;7 #,e
C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e ;e(ore (ili' o( #,e ",alla i ,is Co&r# wi#,o&# s&mmoi' #,e
a""&sed $erso was o# s#a#eme# re"orded &der Se"#io 306(4) Crimial +ro"ed&re Code
As #,e s#a#eme# o( a$$ro-er was o# re"orded a""ordi'l7 ;7 #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e
d&ri' #,e "ommi##al $ro"eedi's/ i# -i#ia#es #,e "ommi##al o( #,e a""&sed $ersos #o #,e
Co&r# o( Sessio ad "oseA&e#l7 #,eir #rial ;7 #,e Sessios J&d'e. @,e Hi', Co&r# (&r#,er
o;ser-ed #,a# ,ad #,e said de(e"# ;ee $oi#ed o&# d&ri' #,e "o&rse o( #rial/ #,e Co&r#
wo&ld ,a-e remaded #,e ma##er #o #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e (or ,oldi' "ommi##al
$ro"eedi's a(res, ;7 re"ordi' s#a#eme# o( Sadee$ 9&mar as $ro-ided &der Se"#io
306(4). @,is "o&rse "ao# ;e ado$#ed si"e #,e o((e"e was "ommi##ed o 24#, .ar",/
1911 ad #,e res$ode#s were a"A&i##ed o 1#, .a7/ 1990 ad #,ere(ore re#rial a(res, will
o# ;e i #,e i#eres# o( 6&s#i"e ad (air $la7. I -iew #,e a(oresaid (idi's/ #,e Co&r# ,as
o# "osidered #,e o#,er e-ide"e led ;7 #,e $rose"&#io.
7. I #,is a$$eal/ leared "o&sel (or #,e S#a#e s&;mi##ed #,a# )
(1) Se"#io 306(4) Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ow,ere $ro-ides #,a#
(a) a$$ro-erBs e-ide"e "ao# ;e re"orded o #,e da#e or $rior #o s&;missio
o( #,e ",ar'e s,ee#E
(;) #,e a""&sed is reA&ired #o ;e s&mmoed ;e(ore re"ordi' #,e s#a#eme#
o( #,e a$$ro-erE ad
(") #,a# a""&sed s,o&ld ;e $ermi##ed #o "ross*e%amia#io #,e a$$ro-er.
(2) I a7 "ase &der Se"#io 46! Crimial +ro"ed&re Code/ a(#er #rial
a""&sed o&',# o# #o ,a-e ;ee $ermi##ed #o raise #,e "o#e#io #,a# #,ere
was s&", a omissio i re"ordi' #,e s#a#eme# o( a$$ro-er.
1. @,e leared "o&sel e%# "o#eded #,a# #,e de"isio i A. 'eve(dra( v. State of
:amil 5adu, 199/&11) SCC /-$ ow,ere la7s dow #,a# w,ile re"ordi' #,e e-ide"e o(
#,e a$$ro-er/ i( some irre'&larl7 is "ommi##ed i# wo&ld -i#ia#e #,e #rial. 4or #,e de"isio i
Sures" C"a(dra 7a"ri v. State of 7i"ar, 1995 Suppl. 1 SCC ,$ i# is $oi#ed o&# #,a#
error o( o# re"ordi' #,e e-ide"e o( #,e a$$ro-er was re"#i(ied ;7 #,e Sessios Co&r# ;7
remi##i' i# ;e(ore #rial #o #,e .a'is#ra#e (or re"ordi' #,e e-ide"e o( #,e a$$ro-er ad
,e"e/ #,e Co&r# ,as ,eld #,a# #rial was o# -i#ia#ed. I# is/ #,ere(ore/ s&;mi##ed #,a# some o(
#,e o;ser-a#ios made #,erei are o;i#er.
9. As a'ais# #,is/ leared "o&sel (or #,e res$ode#s s&;mi##ed #,a# #,is Co&r# ,as
re$ea#edl7 i#er$re#ed Se"#io 306(4) Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad ,eld i# #o ;e mada#or7
ad #,ere(ore i#s o*"om$lia"e -i#ia#es #,e "ommi##al order as well as #,e #rial. 4or #,is
$&r$ose/ ,e $la"ed relia"e o #,e de"isio o( #,is Co&r# i A. 2e-edra -. S#a#e o( @amil
0ad&/ 1997(11) SCC 720.
10. 4or "osideri' #,e ri-al "o#e#ios raised ;7 leared "o&sel (or #,e $ar#ies/ we wo&ld
(irs# re(er #o #,e rele-a# $ar# o( Se"#ios 306 ad 307 w,i", is as &der )*
"306. Tender of pardon to accomplice. * (1) Gi#, a -iew #o o;#aii' #,e
e-ide"e o( a7 $erso s&$$osed #o ,a-e ;ee dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "o"ered
i or $ri-7 #o a o((e"e #o w,i", #,is Se"#io a$$lies/ #,e C,ie( J&di"ial
.a'is#ra#e or a .e#ro$oli#a .a'is#ra#e a# a7 s#a'e o( #,e i-es#i'a#io or
iA&ir7 i#o/ or #,e #rial o(/ #,e o((e"e/ ad #,e .a'is#ra#e o( #,e (irs# "lass
iA&iri' i#o or #r7i' #,e o((e"e/ a# a7 s#a'e o( #,e iA&ir7 or #rial/ ma7
#eder a $ardo #o s&", $erso o "odi#io o( ,is ma5i' a (&ll ad #r&e
dis"los&re o( #,e w,ole o( #,e "ir"&ms#a"es wi#,i ,is 5owled'e rela#i' #o
#,e o((e"e ad #o e-er7 o#,er $erso "o"ered/ w,e#,er as $ri"i$al or
a;e##or/ i #,e "ommissio #,ereo(.
(2) ....
(3) ....
(4) ?-er7 $erso a""e$#i' a #eder o( $ardo made &der s&;*se"#io (1) *
(a) s,all ;e e%amied as a wi#ess i #,e Co&r# o( #,e .a'is#ra#e #a5i'
(!) ....
307. Power to direct tender of pardon. * A# a7 #ime a(#er "ommi#me# o( a
"ase ;&# ;e(ore 6&d'me# is $assed/ #,e Co&r# #o w,i", #,e "ommi#me# is
made ma7/ wi#, a -iew #o o;#aii' a# #,e #rial #,e e-ide"e o( a7 $erso
s&$$osed #o ,a-e ;ee dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "o"ered i/ or $ri-7 #o/ a7
s&", o((e"e/ #eder a $ardo o #,e same "odi#io #o s&", $erso.F
11. 4rom #,e a(oresaid Se"#io 306 i# "a ;e s#a#ed #,a# *
(1) #,e $&r$ose o( #,e Se"#io is #o o;#ai #,e e-ide"e o( a7 $erso
s&$$osed #o ,a-e ;ee dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "o"ered i or $ri-7 #o a
o((e"e Bd&ri' i-es#i'a#io/ iA&ir7 or #rialB/
(2) #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e or .e#ro$oli#a .a'is#ra#e is em$owered #o
#eder a $ardo #o s&", $erso Ba# a7 s#a'e o( i-es#i'a#io or iA&ir7 i#o
or #,e #rial o( #,e o((e"eBE
(3) #,e "odi#io (or #eder o( s&", $ardo is #,a# #,e $erso is #o ma5e a (&ll
ad #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e w,ole "ir"&ms#a"es wi#,i ,is 5owled'e rela#i'
#o #,e o((e"eE
(4) a $erso a""e$#i' $ardo &der s&;*se"#io (1) is #o ;e Be%amiedB as a
wi#ess i #,e Co&r# o( .a'is#ra#e #a5i' "o'iDa"e o( #,e o((e"e ad i
s&;seA&e# #rial/ i( a7.
(!) 4&r#,er/ i( #,e "ase is "ommi##ed (or #rial #o #,e Co&r# o( Sessios/ Se"#io
307 em$owers #,e Sessios Co&r# #r7i' #,e "ase #o #eder a $ardo o #,e
same "odi#ios #o s&", $erso ;e(ore #,e 6&d'me# is $assed.
12. 4rom #,e a(oresaid i'redie#s/ i# is a;&da#l7 "lear #,a# a# #,e s#a'e o( i-es#i'a#io/
iA&ir7 or #rial o( #,e o((e"e/ #,e $erso #o w,om $ardo is #o ;e 'ra#ed/ is #o ;e
e%amied (or "olle"#i' #,e e-ide"e o( a $erso w,o is dire"#l7 or idire"#l7 "o"ered i or
$ri-7 #o a o((e"e. A# #,e #ime o( i-es#i'a#io or iA&ir7 i#o a o((e"e/ #,e a""&sed
"ao# "laim a7 ri',# &der law #o "ross*e%amie #,e wi#ess. @,e ri',# #o "ross*
e%amia#io wo&ld arise ol7 a# #,e #ime o( #rial. 2&ri' #,e "o&rse o( i-es#i'a#io ;7 #,e
+oli"e/ A&es#io o( "ross*e%amia#io ;7 #,e a""&sed does o# arise. Similarl7/ &der
Se"#io 200 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code w,e #,e .a'is#ra#e ;e(ore #a5i' "o'iDa"e o( #,e
o((e"e/ #,a# is/ ;e(ore iss&i' $ro"ess ,olds #,e iA&ir7/ a""&sed ,as o ri',# #o ;e ,eard/
ad #,ere(ore/ #,e A&es#io o( "ross* e%amia#io does o# arise. 4&r#,er/ #,e $erso #o
w,om $ardo is 'ra#ed/ is e%amied ;&# is o# o((ered (or "ross*e%amia#io ad
#,erea(#er d&ri' #rial i( ,e is e%amied ad "ross*e%amied #,e #,ere is o A&es#io o( a7
$re6&di"e "a&sed #o #,e a""&sed. I s&", "ases/ a# #,e mos# a""&sed ma7 lose #,e ",a"e #o
"ross*e%amie #,e a$$ro-er #wi"e/ #,a# is #o sa7/ o"e ;e(ore "ommi##al ad #,e o#,er a#
#,e #ime o( #rial.
13. C #,e A&es#io o( e%amia#io di((ere# -iews are e%$ressed ;7 #,e Hi', Co&r#s. @,e
Hi', Co&r# o( Ad,ra +rades, i =rava;o(da <i+a6ara+ Paul v. :"e State a(d ot"ers,
19,6 Crl. 4.J. -1$4 ,ad ,eld #,a# mere re"ordi' o( #,e s#a#eme# o( a a$$ro-er does o#
amo&# #o e%amia#io as a wi#ess &less #,e a""&sed are 'i-e a o$$or#&i#7 #o "ross*
e%amie #,e a$$ro-er ad #,a# #,e $ro-isio o( Se"#io 306(4) o( #,e Crimial +ro"ed&re
Code is mada#or7. @,e Co&r# relied &$o #,e de"isio o( :&6ara# Hi', Co&r# i #alu #"oda
v. State, AIR 196- !u+arat -,%, w,erei #,e Co&r# i#er$re#ed Se"#io 337 o( #,e (Cld)
Crimial +ro"ed&re Code w,i", is aalo'o&s #o Se"#io 306(4) o( Crimial +ro"ed&re Code
As a'ais# #,is/ 9erala Hi', Co&r# i C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e/ @ri-adr&m/ 1911 Crl. L.J.
112 ,as o;ser-ed #,a# e%amia#io &der Se"#io 306(4) wo&ld ;e e-e ;e(ore iss&i'
$ro"ess ad a# #,a# s#a'e o iA&ir7 is i-ol-ed ad a""&sed will ;e ow,ere i $i"#&re/
#,ere(ore/ #,ere is o A&es#io o( a""&sed ;ei' $ermi##ed #o "ross*e%amie #,e a$$ro-er a#
#,a# s#a'e ad ,e ,as o ri',# #o $ar#i"i$a#e i #,a# e%amia#io.
14. I #,e $rese# "ase/ #,e Hi', Co&r# ,as relied &$o #,e de"isio i Sa(+a6 !a(d"i v.
=(io( of I(dia, AIR 19/, Supreme Court 514. I #,e said "ase a "o#e#io was raised
#,a# a""&sed wis,es #o "ross*e%amie #,e wi#esses (or #,e $rose"&#io ad #o ar'&e #,a#
o prima facie "ase ,as ;ee admi##edl7 made o&# (or "ommi#me#. I# was s&;mi##ed #,a#
#o "ross*e%amie #,e a$$ro-er/ #,e a""&sed was reA&ired #o $&rs&e/ s"a ad s"r&#iise #,e
$a$ers $rod&"ed ;7 #,e $oli"e ad/ #,ere(ore/ "ommi##al $ro"eedi's ;e s#a7ed. I #,a#
"o#e%# #,e Co&r# i #,e o$ei' $ar# o( #,e 6&d'me# o;ser-ed )*
F0o $ar#7 #o a "rimial #rial ,as a -es#ed ri',# i slow mo#io 6&s#i"e si"e #,e
so&l o( so"ial 6&s#i"e i #,is area o( law is $rom$# #rial (ollowed ;7 -erdi"# o(
io"e"e or se#e"e. Si"e a (air #rial is o# a lim$i' ,eari'/ we -iew wi#,
'ra-e "o"er a7 6&di"ial iso&"ia"e w,i", le'#,es li#i'a#io #o limi#s o(
e%as$era#io.....F
1!. @,e Co&r# (&r#,er ,eld #,a# #,e s"o$e o( "ommi##al $ro"eedi's is limi#ed #o merel7
as"er#aii' w,e#,er #,e "ase/ as dis"losed i #,e $oli"e re$or# i-ol-es a o((e"e #ria;le
e%"l&si-el7 ;7 #,e Co&r# o( Sessio. @,e Co&r# #,erea(#er o;ser-ed )*
FGe ,a-e ,eard "o&sel o ;o#, sides ad $ro"eed #o el&"ida#e "er#ai "lear
$ro$osi#ios &der #,e ew Code ;eari' &$o #,e "ommi##al o( "ases w,ere
#,e o((e"e is #ria;le e%"l&si-el7 ;7 #,e Co&r# o( Sessio. @,e Commi##i'
.a'is#ra#e i s&", "ases ,as o $ower #o dis",ar'e #,e a""&sed. 0or ,as ,e
$ower #o #a5e oral e-ide"e sa-e w,ere a s$e"i(i" $ro-isio li5e Se"#io 306
e6ois. 4rom #,is i# (ollows #,a# #,e ar'&me# #,a# #,e a""&sed ,as #o "ross*
e%amie is o&# o( ;o&ds (or #,e .a'is#ra#e/ sa-e i #,e "ase o( a$$ro-ers.
0o e%amia#io*i*",ie(/ o "ross*e%amia#io.F
16. I A. 2e-edraBs "ase (s&$ra) #,is Co&r# "osidered #,e A&es#io as #o w,e#,er o*
"om$lia"e o( Se"#io 306(4)(a) o( #,e Code o a""o&# o( o* e%amia#io o( a a$$ro-er
as a wi#ess a(#er 'ra#i' ,im $ardo wo&ld -i#ia#e #,e e#ire $ro"eedi'. I #,a# "ase/ i#
was "o#eded #,a# #,e o;6e"# ad $&r$ose e'ra(#ed i "la&se (a) o( S&;*se"#io (4) o(
Se"#io 306 is #o $ro-ide a sa(e'&ard #o #,e a""&sed w,o "a "ross*e%amie e-e a# #,e
$relimiar7 s#a'e o 5owi' #,e e-ide"e o( #,e a$$ro-er a'ais# ,im ad "a im$ea",
#,e said #es#imo7 w,e #,e a$$ro-er is e%amied i Co&r# d&ri' #rial. @,is Co&r#/ deali'
wi#, #,e said "o#e#io/ ,eld #,a# a "om;ied readi' o( s&;*se"#io (4) o( Se"#io 306 ad
Se"#io 307 wo&ld ma5e i# "lear #,a# i a "ase e%"l&si-el7 #ria;le ;7 #,e Sessios Co&r# i(
$ardo is #edered #o a a""&sed ad ,e is #a5e as a a$$ro-er ;e(ore "ommi#me# #,e
"om$lia"e o( s&;*se"#io (4) o( Se"#io 306 is mada#or7. @,e "orollar7 is #,a# o*
"om$lia"e o( s&", mada#or7 reA&ireme#s wo&ld -i#ia#e #,e $ro"eedi's. B&# #,e
$ro-isios o( s&;*se"#io (4) o( Se"#io 306 are o# a##ra"#ed #o a "ase (alli' &der #,e
$&r-iew o( Se"#io 307 o( #,e Code. @,e Co&r# #,erea(#er "osidered #,e $ro-isio o( Se"#io
46! Crimial +ro"ed&re Code ad o;ser-ed #,a# #,e said $ro-isio "ao# ;e a##ra"#ed i a
si#&a#io w,ere a Co&r# ,a-i' o 6&risdi"#io &der #,e Code does some#,i' or $asses a
order i "o#ra-e#io o( #,e mada#or7 $ro-isios o( #,e Code. @,e said $ro-isio "ao#
;e a$$lied #o a $a#e# de(e"# o( 6&risdi"#io. I #,a# "ase/ C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e ,ad
#edered $ardo #o #,e a""&sed a(#er #,e "ase was "ommi##ed #o #,e Sessios Co&r# ad/
#,ere(ore/ #,e Co&r# ,eld #,a# i# was a "ase o( #o#al la"5 o( 6&risdi"#io. B&#/ a(#er e%"l&di'
#,e e-ide"e o( a$$ro-er #,e Co&r# a$$re"ia#ed #,e o#,er e-ide"e w,i", was $rod&"ed o
re"ord (or (idi' o&# w,e#,er #,e a""&sed was '&il#7 o( #,e o((e"e ",ar'ed. 4&r#,er/ #,e
Co&r# did o# ,old #,a# #,e #rial o( #,e a""&sed was ille'al. I #,e said "ase/ #,e Co&r# did
o# "osider #,e e((e"# o( irre'&lari#ies "ommi##ed ;7 #,e .a'is#ra#e #a5i' "o'iDa"e o(
#,e o((e"e i o# as5i' #,e a""&sed #o "ross*e%amie #,e a$$ro-er. @,a# was a "ase
w,ere a(#er #,e "ase was "ommi##ed #o #,e Sessios Co&r#/ #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e
'ra#ed $ardo #o oe o( #,e a""&sed. I #,a# se# o( "ir"&ms#a"es/ #,e Co&r# ,eld #,a#
#,ere was #o#al la"5 o( 6&risdi"#io wi#, #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e w,i", is o# "&ra;le.
@,e Co&r# e%"l&ded #,e e-ide"e o( #,e a$$ro-er o #,e 'ro&d #,a# $ardo "o&ld o# ,a-e
;ee #edered ;7 #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e a(#er "ommi##al o( #,e $ro"eedi's #o #,e
Co&r# o( Sessios. I# is a$$are# #,a# as $er Se"#io 307 Crimial +ro"ed&re Code #,e Co&r#
o( Sessio ;e(ore w,om #,e #rial is $edi' aloe wo&ld ,a-e 6&risdi"#io #o 'ra# $ardo #o
#,e a""&sed o( #,a# "ase ad ,e"e i( #,e C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e #eders $ardo ,is a"#io
is o# "&ra;le wi#,i #,e am;i# o( "la&se (') o( Se"#io 460 o( #,e Crimial +ro"ed&re Code.
17. I S&res, C,adra Ba,riBs "ase (s&$ra) #,is Co&r# "osidered #,e $ro-isios o( s&;*
se"#io (4) o( Se"#io 306 ad o;ser-ed #,a# #,e o;6e"# ad $&r$ose o( ea"#i' #,e
$ro-isio is o;-io&sl7 i#eded #o $ro-ide a sa(e'&ard #o #,e a""&sed iasm&", as #,e
a$$ro-er ,as #o ma5e a s#a#eme# dis"losi' ,is e-ide"e a# #,e $relimiar7 s#a'e ;e(ore
#,e "ommi##al order is made ad #,e a""&sed o# ol7 ;e"omes aware o( #,e e-ide"e
a'ais# ,im/ ;&# ,e is also a((orded a o$$or#&i#7 #o mee# wi#, #,e e-ide"e o( #,e
a$$ro-er ;e(ore #,e "ommi##i' Co&r# i#sel( a# #,e -er7 #,res,old so #,a# ,e ma7 #a5e s#e$s
#o s,ow #,a# #,e a$$ro-erBs e-ide"e a# #,e #rial was &#r&s#wor#,7/ i "ase #,ere are a7
"o#radi"#ios or im$ro-eme#s made ;7 ,im d&ri' ,is e-ide"e a# #,e #rial. Leared
J&d'es $oi#ed o&# #,e &#ili#7 o( e%amia#io o( #,e a$$ro-er a# #wo s#a'es. G,ile ,oldi'
#,a# #,e $ro-isio is mada#or7/ #,e Co&r# said #,a# si"e #,e de(e"# was re"#i(ied i #,a#
"ase #,e o*"om$lia"e o( i# "ao# ;e ,eld #o ,a-e -i#ia#ed #,e $ro"eedi's. @,eir
Lords,i$s did o# "osider #,e si#&a#io as i #,e "ase w,ere #,e a$$ro-er was e%amied
ad #,e "ase we# #o #,e #rial Co&r# w,ere #,e a$$ro-er was "ross*e%amied wi#,o&# raisi'
a7 dem&r re'ardi' #,e omissio #o "ross*e%amie ,im a# #,e $re* "ommi##al s#a'e. A(#er
"osideri' #,e $ro-isios o( Se"#io 306/ #,e Co&r# ,eld #,a# )*
F.....i( #,e de(e"# o( o# e%amii' #,e a$$ro-er a# #,e "ommi##al s#a'e ;7 #,e
"ommi##i' .a'is#ra#e is re"#i(ied la#er/ o $re6&di"e "a ;e said #o ;e "a&sed
#o a a""&sed $erso ad/ #,ere(ore/ #,e #rial "ao# ;e said #o ;e -i#ia#ed o
#,a# a""o&#F.
11. @,e Co&r# ,eld #,a# w,e #,e "ase was "ommi##ed #o #,e Sessios Co&r#/ #,e de(e"# #,a#
a$$ro-er was o# e%amied as wi#ess i #,e Co&r# o( .a'is#ra#e #a5i' "o'iDa"e o( a
o((e"e was o#i"ed ;7 #,e Sessios Co&r#/ #,ere(ore/ ma##er was remaded #o #,e Co&r# o(
C,ie( J&di"ial .a'is#ra#e wi#, a dire"#io #o re"ord #,e s#a#eme# o( #,e a$$ro-er. A(#er
re"ordi' #,e s#a#eme#/ #,e "ase was "ommi##ed (or #rial #o #,e Sessios Co&r#. He"e/ i#
was ,eld #,a# as #,e de(e"# was re"#i(ied/ #,e ar'&me# #,a# #,e #rial was -i#ia#ed "o&ld o#
;e a""e$#ed.
19. I #,e $rese# a$$eal/ #,ere is o A&es#io o( #o#al la"5 o( 6&risdi"#io wi#, #,e
.a'is#ra#e ad i# is o# #,e "ase #,a# a$$ro-er is o# e%amied ;7 #,e #rial Co&r# ;e(ore
'ra#i' $ardo. A$$ro-er Sadee$ 9&mar was arres#ed o 26.3.1911. G,ile i "&s#od7/ ,e
s&;mi##ed a a$$li"a#io #,ro&', S&$eri#ede# o( Jail #o CJ./ 2,arams,ala o 1.6.1911
e%$ressi' ,is i#e#io #o ma5e a #r&e dis"los&re o( #,e (a"#s re'ardi' #,e i"ide#. @,e
a$$li"a#io was #a5e &$ ;7 CJ. o 9.6.1911 ad o#i"e was iss&ed #o $rose"&#io (or
13.6.1911. C #,a# da7/ a""&sed was $rod&"ed ;e(ore #,e CJ.. I# was e%$laied #o #,e
a$$ro-er #,a# ,is s#a#eme# "o&ld ;e &sed a'ais# ,im also ad wi#, a -iew #o 'i-e #ime #o
a""&sed ;e(ore ;e"omi' a$$ro-er/ #,e "ase was ad6o&red #o 1!.6.1911 ad o #,a# da7
,e was e%amied ad $ardo was 'ra#ed #o ,im. B&# a# #,a# s#a'e #,e remaii' a""&sed
were o# as5ed #o "ross*e%amie ,im. 4ormal ",alla was s&;mi##ed ;e(ore #,e .a'is#ra#e
;7 #,e I-es#i'a#i' C((i"er o 22.6.1911. A(#er "om$l7i' wi#, #,e o;6e"#ios/ #,e "ase was
"ommi##ed #o #,e Co&r# o( Sessio o 4.1.1911. 2&ri' #,e #rial/ #,e a$$ro-er was
e%amied as +G29 o !.4.1919 ad o #,e same da7 ,e was "ross* e%amied ;7 #,e
"o&sel (or #,e a""&sed. Gi#esses (or #,e de(e"e were e%amied ad "om$le#ed o
1!.11.1919. Be#wee 1!.11.1919 ad 1.!.1990/ leared Sessios J&d'e/ 2,arams,ala
,eard ar'&me#s/ -isi#ed #,e s$o# wi#, a -iew #o a$$re"ia#e #,e e-ide"e o re"ord ad
#,erea(#er #,e leared Sessios J&d'e $assed ,is 6&d'me# ad order. I# was d&ri' #,e
ar'&me#s i #,e Sessios Co&r# #,a# #,e "o#e#io was raised (or #,e (irs# #ime #,a#
$ro"ed&re $res"ri;ed &der Se"#io 306(4)(a) Crimial +ro"ed&re Code was o# "om$lied
wi#, ad/ #,ere(ore/ #rial was -i#ia#ed. @ill #,e oe o( #,e a""&sed raised s&", a o;6e"#io
ad #,e7 e-er (el# #,e eed #o raise i#. A""e$#a"e o( #,is o;6e"#io wo&ld ol7 $romo#e
#e",i"al $lea w,i", wo&ld ad-ersel7 a((e"# dis$esa#io o( 6&s#i"e. I s&", "ir"&ms#a"es/
we are o( #,e -iew #,a# $ro-isios o( Se"#io 46! Crimial +ro"ed&re Code wo&ld "ome i#o
o$era#io. @,e said $ro-isio inter alia $ro-ides #,a# o order $assed ;7 a Co&r# o(
"om$e#e# 6&risdi"#io s,all ;e re-ersed o a""o&# o( a7 error/ omissio or irre'&lari#7 i
order/ 6&d'me# or o#,er $ro"eedi's ;e(ore or d&ri' #rial or i a7 iA&ir7 or o#,er
$ro"eedi's &der #,e Code/ &less i #,e o$iio o( #,e Co&r#/ a (ail&re o( 6&s#i"e ,as i
(a"# ;ee o""asioed #,ere;7. Se"#io 46!(2) Crimial +ro"ed&re Code (&r#,er $ro-ides #,a#
i de#ermii' w,e#,er a7 error/ omissio or irre'&lari#7 i a7 $ro"eedi' &der #,e Code
,as o""asioed a (ail&re o( 6&s#i"e/ #,e Co&r# s,all ,a-e re'ard #o #,e (a"# w,e#,er #,e
o;6e"#io "o&ld ad s,o&ld ,a-e ;ee raised a# a earlier s#a'e i #,e $ro"eedi's. Ge
a'ai $oi# o&# #,a# ;e(ore or a(#er #,e "ase was "ommi##ed #o #,e Sessios Co&r#/ a""&sed
,a-e o# raised a7 o;6e"#io #,a# #,e7 were o# $ermi##ed #o "ross*e%amie #,e a$$ro-er/
or did #,e7 "o#ed so w,e #,e a$$ro-er was e%amied ad "ross*e%amied d&ri' #,e
#rial. @,ere(ore/ a# #,e s#a'e o( (ial ar'&me#s/ a""&sed "ao# raise #,e said "o#e#io.
4&r#,er a(#er "ross*e%amii' #,e a$$ro-er i de#ail/ #,ere is o A&es#io o( (ail&re o( 6&s#i"e
or a7 $re6&di"e ;ei' "a&sed #o #,e a""&sed o a""o&# o( #,a# omissio.
20. @,e leared "o&sel (or #,e a""&sed s&;mi##ed #,a# Se"#io 306(4)(a) is "o&",ed i
mada#or7 #erm ;7 &si' #,e word Fs,allF w,i", idi"a#es #,a# i( #,ere is ;rea", o( #,e said
mada#or7 $ro-isio (&r#,er #rial wo&ld ;e -i#ia#ed. I o&r -iew/ #,is s&;missio is wi#,o&#
a7 s&;s#a"e. Ge ,a-e $oi#ed o&# earlier #,a# ;7 o# e%amii' #,e a$$ro-er/ #,e #rial
wo&ld o# 'e# -i#ia#ed. S&", e-ide"e ma7 ,a-e #o ;e s"r&#iised wi#, 'rea#er
"ir"&ms$e"#io. I( i s&", s"r&#i7 #,e e-ide"e is (o&d relia;le #,e Co&r# "ao# ;e
i,i;i#ed (rom &si' #,e e-ide"e.
I #,e res&l#/ #,e a$$eal is allowed ad #,e im$&'ed 6&d'me# o( #,e Hi', Co&r# is se#
aside. @,e a$$eal (iled i #,e Hi', Co&r# is remi##ed #o #,e Hi', Co&r# (or dis$osal a(res, i
a""orda"e wi#, law.
A$$eal allowed.

State of Maharashtra V Abu Saleem Ansari

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

State of Maharashtra V Abu Saleem Ansari

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

State of Maharashtra v.

Abu Salem Abdul Kayyum Ansari (SC)

You might also like