Hydraulic Structures Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011

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Flow rate = 30 cumec
Bed width = 20 m
Depth of water = 1.5 m
Full supply level = 251.50 m
Side slopes = 1 :1
Manning n for concrete = 0.016

High flood discharge = 250 cumec
High flood level = 247.50 m
High flood depth = 2.5 m
General ground level = 251.00 m


Laceys regime wetted perimeter

4.83
4.83 250 76.37
w
P Q
m

Let the clear span between piers be 8 m and the pier thickness be 1.5 m.
Provide 8 bays of 8 m each = 64.0 m
7 piers of 1.5 m each = 10.5 m
Waterway between abutments (Bed width of canal) = 74.5 m


Bed width of canal = 20 m
Let the canal to be flumed to 10 m.
Provide 2:1 splay in contraction and 3:1 in expansion.
Length of contraction transition
20 10
2 10
2
m

Length of expansion transition
20 10
3 15
2
m

In the transitions, the side slopes of the section will be warped from 1 : 1 to vertical.
Hydraulic Structures Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011
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At section -
Area of section

2
1.5
20 1.5 1.5 1.5 33.375
B D D
m



Velocity
30
0.899
33.375
Q
V m s
A

Velocity head
2
0.899
0.041
2 9.81
m

R.L. of bed (given) = 250 m
R.L. of water surface = 250+1.5= 251.5 m
R.L. of T.E.L. = 251.5+0.041= 251.541 m

At section -
Velocity
30
2
10 1.5
m s

Velocity head
2
2
0.204
2 9.81
m

Loss of head in expansion from section (3)-(3) to sec (4)-(4)


2 2
0.3
2 0.899 0.049
19.62
m

R.L. of T.E.L. = 251.541+0.049= 251.59 m
R.L. of water surface = 251.59-0.204= 251.386 m
R.L. of bed = 251.386-1.5+0.041= 249.886 m
Say 249.89 m
From section - to section -, area and velocity are constant

15
1.154
10 2 1.5
A
R m
P



Velocity in the trough
2/3 1/ 2
1
R S
n



2/3
1/ 2
1
2.0 1.154
0.016
0.00084
S
S

Headloss due to friction in the trough 74.5 0.00084 0.063m
At section -
R.L. of T.E.L. = 251.59+0.063= 251.653 m
R.L. of water surface = 251.653-0.204= 251.449 m
R.L. of bed = 251.449-1.5= 249.949 m
Take 249.96 m
At section -
Hydraulic Structures Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011
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Loss of head in contraction transition from section - to sec -


2 2
0.2
2 0.899 0.033
19.62
m
R.L. of T.E.L. = 251.653+0.033= 251.686 m
R.L. of water surface = 251.686-0.041= 251.645 m
R.L. of bed = 251.645-1.5= 250.145 m
Take 250.16 m
Figure 1: Bed levels, water surface elevations, and T.E.L. elevations at different sections of the structure. All
dimensions are in meters. Drawing is NOT to scale.

a. Expansion transition
Mitras formula is:


c f
x
c c f
B B L
B
L B B B x

where B
f
= 10 m, B
c
= 20 m and L=15 m

20 10 15 3000
15 20 20 10 300 10
x
B
x x




Hydraulic Structures Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011
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For different values of x

x (m) B
x
(m)

0 10.0
3 11.1
6 12.5
9 14.3
12 16.67
15 20.0

b. Contraction transition
B
f
= 10 m, B
c
= 20 m and L=10 m
2000
200 10
x
B
x

x (m) B
x
(m)

0 10.0
2 11.1
4 12.5
6 14.3
8 16.67
10 20.0

To economize the construction cost of the road, the trough may be divided into two equal
compartments each 4.8 m wide by providing an intermediate wall 0.4 m thick. The road
shall be carried on the top of the left compartment.
Check if the reduction of the waterway to 9.6 m instead of 10 m will do any change.
Provide a freeboard of 0.75 m above the normal water depth of 1.5 m. so that, the slab
should be 1.5+0.75= 2.25 m above bed level of trough. The trough body should be
constructed in reinforced concrete. For full design details see Fig. 9.20.

Hydraulic Structures Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011
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