EN BANC

IN THE MATTER OF THE

PETITION FOR THE WRIT
OF AMPARO AND THE
WRIT OF HABEAS DATA IN
FAVOR OF MELISSA C.
ROXAS,



MELISSA C. ROXAS,
Petitioner,




-versus-




GLORIA MACAPAGAL-
ARROYO, GILBERT
TEODORO, GEN. VICTOR S.
IBRADO, P/DIR. GEN.
JESUS AME VERZOSA, LT.
GEN. DELFIN N. BANGIT,
PC/SUPT. LEON NILO A.
DELA CRUZ, MAJ. GEN.
RALPH VILLANUEVA,
PS/SUPT. RUDY GAMIDO
LACADIN, AND CERTAIN
PERSONS WHO GO BY THE
NAME[S] DEX, RC AND
ROSE,
Respondents.
G.R. N. !"#!$$


Present:

CORONA, C.J.,
CARPIO,
CARPIO MORALES,
VELASCO, JR.,
NACHURA,
LEONARDO-DE CASTRO,
RION,!
PERALTA,
ERSAMIN,
DEL CASTILLO,
AAD,
VILLARAMA, JR.,
PERE",
MENDO"A, #nd
SERENO, JJ.













Pro$%&'#ted:

Septe$(er ), *+,+
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -
D E C I S I O N


PEREZ, J.%


At (en./ is # Petition 0or Re1ie2 on Certiorari
3,4
#ss#i&in' t/e
De.ision
3*4
d#ted *5 A%'%st *++6 o7 t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in CA-8.R. SP No.
+++95-:RA ; # petition t/#t 2#s .o$$en.ed <oint&= %nder t/e R%&es on t/e :rit
o7 Amparo >Amparo R%&e? #ndHabeas Data >Habeas Data R%&e?. In its de.ision,
t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s e-tended to t/e petitioner, Me&iss# C. Ro-#s, t/e pri1i&e'e o7
t/e 2rits o7 amparo #nd habeas data (%t denied t/e &#tter@s pr#=ers 7or #n
inspe.tion order, prod%.tion order #nd ret%rn o7 spe.i7ied person#&
(e&on'in's. T/e fallo o7 t/e de.ision re#ds:

WHEREFORE, t/e Petition is PARTIALLA MERITORIOUS. T/is
Co%rt /ere(= 'r#nts Petitioner t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e :rit o7 A$p#ro #nd H#(e#s
D#t#.

A..ordin'&=, Respondents #re en<oined to re7r#in 7ro$ distri(%tin' or
.#%sin' t/e distri(%tion to t/e p%(&i. o7 #n= re.ords in 2/#te1er 7or$, reports,
do.%$ents or si$i&#r p#pers re&#ti1e to Petitioner@s Me&iss# C. Ro-#s, #ndBor
Me&iss# Ro-#sC #&&e'ed ties to t/e CPP-NPA or pertinent&= re&#ted to t/e
.o$p&#ined in.ident. Petitioner@s pr#=ers 7or #n inspe.tion order, prod%.tion
order #nd 7or t/e ret%rn o7 t/e spe.i7ied person#& (e&on'in's #re denied 7or &#.D o7
$erit. A&t/o%'/ t/ere is no e1iden.e t/#t Respondents #re responsi(&e 7or t/e
#(d%.tion, detention or tort%re o7 t/e Petitioner, s#id Respondents p%rs%#nt to
t/eir &e'#&&= $#nd#ted d%ties #re, nonet/e&ess, ordered to .ontin%eB.o$p&ete t/e
in1esti'#tion o7 t/is in.ident 2it/ t/e end in 1ie2 o7 prose.%tin' t/ose 2/o #re
responsi(&e. Respondents #re #&so ordered to pro1ide prote.tion to t/e Petitioner
#nd /er 7#$i&= 2/i&e in t/e P/i&ippines #'#inst #n= #nd #&& 7or$s o7 /#r#ss$ent,
inti$id#tion #nd .oer.ion #s $#= (e re&e1#nt to t/e 'r#nt o7 t/ese re&ie7s.
394

:e (e'in 2it/ t/e petitioner@s #&&e'#tions.

Petitioner is #n A$eri.#n .itiEen o7 0i&ipino des.ent.
3F4
:/i&e in t/e United
St#tes, petitioner enro&&ed in #n e-pos%re pro'r#$ to t/e P/i&ippines 2it/ t/e
'ro%p Bagong Alyansang Makabayan-United St#tes o7 A$eri.# >BAYAN-USA? o7
2/i./ s/e is # $e$(er.
3G4
D%rin' t/e .o%rse o7 /er i$$ersion, petitioner to%red
1#rio%s pro1in.es #nd to2ns o7 Centr#& L%Eon #nd, in Apri& o7 *++6, s/e
1o&%nteered to <oin $e$(ers o7 BAYAN-T#r&#.
354
in .ond%.tin' #n initi#& /e#&t/
s%r1e= in L# P#E, T#r&#. 7or # 7%t%re $edi.#& $ission.
3)4

In p%rs%it o7 /er 1o&%nteer 2orD, petitioner (ro%'/t /er p#ssport, 2#&&et 2it/
0i7teen T/o%s#nd Pesos >P,G,+++.++? in .#s/, <o%rn#&, di'it#& .#$er# 2it/ $e$or=
.#rd, &#ptop .o$p%ter, e-tern#& /#rd disD, !"D,
3H4
2rist2#t./,
sp/='$o$#no$eter, stet/os.ope #nd $edi.ines.
364

A7ter doin' s%r1e= 2orD on ,6 M#= *++6, petitioner #nd /er .o$p#nions,
J%#nito C#r#(eo >C#r#(eo? #nd Jo/n Ed2#rd J#ndo. >J#ndo.?, de.ided to rest in
t/e /o%se o7 one Mr. Jes%s P#o&o >Mr. P#o&o?
in #itio #'on' SiD#t, Barangay I#p#niDi#n, L# P#E, T#r&#..
3,+4
At #ro%nd ,:9+ in
t/e #7ternoon, /o2e1er, petitioner, /er .o$p#nions #nd Mr. P#o&o 2ere st#rt&ed (=
t/e &o%d so%nds o7 so$eone (#n'in' #t t/e 7ront door #nd # 1oi.e de$#ndin' t/#t
t/e= open %p.
3,,4


S%dden&=, 7i7teen >,G? /e#1i&= #r$ed $en 7or.i(&= opened t/e door, (#r'ed
inside #nd ordered petitioner #nd /er .o$p#nions to &ie on t/e 'ro%nd 7#.e do2n.
3,*4
T/e #r$ed $en 2ere #&& in .i1i&i#n .&ot/es #nd, 2it/ t/e e-.eption o7 t/eir
&e#der, 2ere #&so 2e#rin' (onnets to .on.e#& t/eir 7#.es.
3,94

Petitioner tried to protest t/e intr%sion, (%t 7i1e >G? o7 t/e #r$ed $en '#n'ed
%p on /er #nd tied /er /#nds.
3,F4
At t/is <%n.t%re, petitioner s#2 t/e ot/er #r$ed
$en /erdin' C#r#(eo #nd J#ndo., #&re#d= (&ind7o&ded #nd t#ped #t t/eir $o%t/s, to
# ne#r(= (&%e 1#n. Petitioner st#rted to s/o%t /er n#$e.
3,G4
A'#inst /er 1i'oro%s
resist#n.e, t/e #r$ed $en dr#''ed petitioner to2#rds t/e 1#n;(r%isin' /er #r$s,
&e's #nd Dnees.
3,54
On.e inside t/e 1#n, (%t (e7ore s/e .#n (e (&ind7o&ded,
petitioner 2#s #(&e to see t/e 7#.e o7 one o7 t/e #r$ed $en sittin' (eside /er.
3,)4
T/e 1#n t/en sped #2#=.

A7ter #(o%t #n /o%r o7 tr#1e&in', t/e 1#n stopped.
3,H4
Petitioner, C#r#(eo #nd
J#ndo. 2ere ordered to #&i'/t.
3,64
A7ter s/e 2#s in7or$ed t/#t s/e is (ein' det#ined
7or (ein' # $e$(er o7 t/e Co$$%nist P#rt= o7 t/e P/i&ippines-Ne2 Peop&e@s
Ar$= >CPP-NPA?, petitioner 2#s sep#r#ted 7ro$ /er .o$p#nions #nd 2#s es.orted
to # roo$ t/#t s/e (e&ie1ed 2#s # <#i& .e&& 7ro$ t/e so%nd o7 its $et#& doors.
3*+4
0ro$ t/ere, s/e .o%&d /e#r t/e so%nds o7 '%n7ire, t/e noise o7 p&#nes t#Din' o77
#nd &#ndin' #nd so$e .onstr%.tion (%st&e.
3*,4
S/e in7erred t/#t s/e 2#s t#Den to t/e
$i&it#r= .#$p o7 0ort M#'s#=s#= in L#%r, N%e1# E.i<#.
3**4

:/#t 7o&&o2ed 2#s 7i1e >G? str#i'/t d#=s o7 interro'#tion .o%p&ed 2it/
tort%re.
3*94
T/e t/r%st o7 t/e interro'#tions 2#s to .on1in.e petitioner to #(#ndon
/er .o$$%nist (e&ie7s in 7#1or o7 ret%rnin' to Jt/e 7o&d.K
3*F4
T/e tort%re, on t/e
ot/er /#nd, .onsisted o7 t#%ntin', ./oDin', (o-in' #nd s%77o.#tin' t/e petitioner.
3*G4

T/ro%'/o%t t/e entiret= o7 /er orde#&, petitioner 2#s $#de to s%77er in
(&ind7o&ds e1en in /er s&eep.
3*54
Petitioner 2#s on&= re&ie1ed o7 /er (&ind7o&ds 2/en
s/e 2#s #&&o2ed to t#De # (#t/, d%rin' 2/i./ s/e (e.#$e #.L%#inted 2it/ # 2o$#n
n#$ed JRoseK 2/o (#t/ed /er.
3*)4
T/ere 2ere #&so # 7e2 ti$es 2/en s/e ./e#ted
/er (&ind7o&d #nd 2#s #(&e to peeD #t /er s%rro%ndin's.
3*H4

Despite (ein' depri1ed o7 si'/t, /o2e1er, petitioner 2#s sti&& #(&e to &e#rn
t/e n#$es o7 t/ree o7 /er interro'#tors 2/o introd%.ed t/e$se&1es to /er #s JDe-,K
JJ#$esK #nd JRC.K
3*64
JRCK e1en to&d petitioner t/#t t/ose 2/o tort%red /er .#$e
7ro$ t/e J#pe$ial "perations %roup,K #nd t/#t s/e 2#s #(d%.ted (e.#%se /er n#$e
is in.&%ded in t/e J"rder of Battle.K
39+4

On *G M#= *++6, petitioner 2#s 7in#&&= re&e#sed #nd ret%rned to /er %n.&e@s
/o%se in M%eEon Cit=.
39,4
e7ore (ein' re&e#sed, /o2e1er, t/e #(d%.tors '#1e
petitioner # .e&&%&#r p/one 2it/ # SIM
39*4
.#rd, # s&ip o7 p#per .ont#inin' #n e-$#i&
#ddress 2it/ p#ss2ord,
3994
# p&#sti. (#' .ont#inin' (is.%its #nd (ooDs,
39F4
t/e
/#nd.%77s %sed on /er, # (&o%se #nd # p#ir o7 s/oes.
39G4
Petitioner 2#s #&so stern&=
2#rned not to report t/e in.ident to t/e 'ro%p &arapatan or so$et/in' %nto2#rd
2i&& /#ppen to /er #nd /er 7#$i&=.
3954

So$eti$e #7ter /er re&e#se, petitioner .ontin%ed to re.ei1e .#&&s 7ro$
RC via t/e .e&&%&#r p/one 'i1en to /er.
39)4
O%t o7 #ppre/ension t/#t s/e 2#s (ein'
$onitored #nd #&so 7e#rin' 7or t/e s#7et= o7 /er 7#$i&=, petitioner t/re2 #2#= t/e
.e&&%&#r p/one 2it/ # SIM .#rd.

SeeDin' s#n.t%#r= #'#inst t/e t/re#t o7 7%t%re /#r$ #s 2e&& #s t/e
s%ppression o7 #n= e-istin' 'o1ern$ent 7i&es or re.ords &inDin' /er to t/e
.o$$%nist $o1e$ent, petitioner 7i&ed # !etition for the 'rits of Amparo and
Habeas Data (e7ore t/is Co%rt on , J%ne *++6.
39H4
Petitioner i$p&e#ded p%(&i.
o77i.i#&s o..%p=in' t/e %pper$ost e./e&ons o7 t/e $i&it#r= #nd po&i.e /ier#r./= #s
respondents, on t/e (e&ie7 t/#t it 2#s 'o1ern$ent #'ents 2/o 2ere (e/ind /er
#(d%.tion #nd tort%re. Petitioner &iDe2ise in.&%ded in /er s%it JRose,K JDe-K #nd
JRC.K
3964

T/e Amparo #nd Habeas Data petition pr#=s t/#t: >,? respondents (e
en<oined 7ro$ /#r$in' or e1en #ppro#./in' petitioner #nd /er 7#$i&=C >*? #n order
(e iss%ed #&&o2in' t/e inspe.tion o7 detention #re#s in t/e )
t/
In7#ntr= Di1ision,
0ort M#'s#=s#=, L#%r, N%e1# E.i<#C >9? respondents (e ordered to prod%.e
do.%$ents re&#tin' to #n= report on t/e .#se o7 petitioner in.&%din', (%t not &i$ited
to, inte&&i'en.e report #nd oper#tion reports o7 t/e )
t/
In7#ntr= Di1ision, t/e Spe.i#&
Oper#tions 8ro%p o7 t/e Ar$ed 0or.es o7 t/e P/i&ippines >A0P? #nd its
s%(sidi#ries or (r#n./Bes prior to, d%rin' #nd s%(seL%ent to ,6 M#= *++6C >F?
respondents (e ordered to e-p%n'e 7ro$ t/e re.ords o7 t/e respondents #n=
do.%$ent pertinent or .onne.ted to Me&iss# C. Ro-#s, Me&iss# Ro-#s or #n= n#$e
2/i./ so%nds t/e s#$eC #nd >G? respondents (e ordered to ret%rn to petitioner /er
<o%rn#&, di'it#& .#$er# 2it/ $e$or= .#rd, &#ptop .o$p%ter, e-tern#& /#rd disD,
IPOD, 2rist2#t./, sp/='$o$#no$eter, stet/os.ope, $edi.ines #nd
/er P,G,+++.++ .#s/.
3F+4

In # Reso&%tion d#ted 6 J%ne *++6, t/is Co%rt iss%ed t/e desired 2rits #nd
re7erred t/e .#se to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 7or /e#rin', re.eption o7 e1iden.e #nd
#ppropri#te #.tion.
3F,4
T/e Reso&%tion #&so dire.ted t/e respondents to 7i&e t/eir
1eri7ied 2ritten ret%rn.
3F*4

On ,H J%ne *++6, t/e O77i.e o7 t/e So&i.itor 8ener#& >OS8?, 7i&ed # (eturn
of the 'rits
3F94
on (e/#&7 o7 t/e p%(&i. o77i.i#&s i$p&e#ded #s respondents.

:e no2 t%rn to t/e de7enses interposed (= t/e p%(&i. respondents.

T/e p%(&i. respondents &#(e& petitioner@s #&&e'ed #(d%.tion #nd tort%re #s
Jst#'e $#n#'ed.K
3FF4
In s%pport o7 t/eir #..%s#tion, t/e p%(&i. respondents
prin.ip#&&= re&= on t/e st#te$ent o7 Mr. P#o&o, #s .ont#ined in t/e #pe$ial
(eport
3FG4
o7 t/e L# P#E Po&i.e St#tion. In t/e #pe$ial (eport, Mr. P#o&o dis.&osed
t/#t, prior to t/e p%rported #(d%.tion, petitioner #nd /er .o$p#nions instr%.ted /i$
#nd /is t2o sons to #1oid &e#1in' t/e /o%se.
3F54
0ro$ t/is st#te$ent, t/e p%(&i.
respondents dre2 t/e distin.t possi(i&it= t/#t, e-.ept 7or t/ose #&re#d= inside Mr.
P#o&o@s /o%se, no(od= e&se /#s #n= 2#= o7 Dno2in' 2/ere petitioner #nd /er
.o$p#nions 2ere #t t/e ti$e t/e= 2ere s%pposed&= #(d%.ted.
3F)4
T/is .#n on&=
$e#n, t/e p%(&i. respondents .on.&%ded, t/#t i7 e1er t/ere 2#s #n= J#(d%.tionK it
$%st ne.ess#ri&= /#1e (een p&#nned (=, or done 2it/ t/e .onsent o7, t/e petitioner
#nd /er .o$p#nions t/e$se&1es.
3FH4

P%(&i. respondents #&so .ited t/e Medi$al Certifi$ate
3F64
o7 t/e petitioner, #s
#.t%#&&= (e&=in' /er .&#i$s t/#t s/e 2#s s%(<e.ted to serio%s tort%re 7or 7i1e >G?
d#=s. T/e p%(&i. respondents noted t/#t 2/i&e t/e petitioner #&&e'es t/#t s/e 2#s
./oDed #nd (o-ed (= /er #(d%.tors;in7&i.tions t/#t .o%&d /#1e e#si&= prod%.ed
re$#rD#(&e (r%ises;/er Medi$al Certifi$ate on&= s/o2s #(r#sions in /er 2rists
#nd Dnee .#ps.
3G+4

0or t/e p%(&i. respondents, t/e #(o1e #no$#&ies p%t in L%estion t/e 1er=
#%t/enti.it= o7 petitioner@s #&&e'ed #(d%.tion #nd tort%re, $ore so #n= $i&it#r= or
po&i.e in1o&1e$ent t/erein. Hen.e, p%(&i. respondents .on.&%de t/#t t/e .&#i$s o7
#(d%.tion #nd tort%re 2#s no $ore t/#n # ./#r#de 7#(ri.#ted (= t/e petitioner to
p%t t/e 'o1ern$ent in (#d &i'/t, #nd #t t/e s#$e ti$e, (rin' 're#t $edi# $i&e#'e to
/er #nd t/e 'ro%p t/#t s/e represents.
3G,4

Ne1ert/e&ess, e1en #ss%$in' t/e #(d%.tion #nd tort%re to (e 'en%ine, t/e
p%(&i. respondents insist on t/e dis$iss#& o7 t/eAmparo #nd Habeas Data petition
(#sed on t/e 7o&&o2in' 'ro%nds: >#? #s #'#inst respondent President 8&ori#
M#.#p#'#&-Arro=o, in p#rti.%&#r, (e.#%se o7 /er i$$%nit= 7ro$ s%it,
3G*4
#nd >(? #s
#'#inst #&& o7 t/e p%(&i. respondents, in 'ener#&, in 1ie2 o7 t/e #(sen.e o7 #n=
spe.i7i. #&&e'#tion in t/e petition t/#t t/e= /#d p#rti.ip#ted in, or #t &e#st
#%t/oriEed, t/e .o$$ission o7 s%./ #tro.ities.
3G94

0in#&&=, t/e p%(&i. respondents posit t/#t t/e= /#d not (een re$iss in t/eir
d%t= to #s.ert#in t/e tr%t/ (e/ind t/e #&&e'#tions o7 t/e petitioner.
3GF4
In (ot/ t/e
po&i.e #nd $i&it#r= #r$s o7 t/e 'o1ern$ent $#./iner=, inL%iries 2ere set-%p in t/e
7o&&o2in' $#nner:

!oli$e A$tion

Po&i.e #%t/orities 7irst &e#rned o7 t/e p%rported #(d%.tion #ro%nd F:9+
o@.&o.D in t/e #7ternoon o7 ,6 M#= *++6, 2/enBarangay C#pt#in Mi./#e& M.
M#n%e& .#$e to t/e L# P#E M%ni.ip#& Po&i.e St#tion to report t/e presen.e o7
/e#1i&= #r$ed $en so$e2/ere in Barangay I#p#niDi#n.
3GG4
A.tin' on t/e report,
t/e po&i.e st#tion &#%n./ed #n initi#& in1esti'#tion.
3G54

T/e initi#& in1esti'#tion re1o&1ed #ro%nd t/e st#te$ent o7 Mr. P#o&o, 2/o
in7or$ed t/e in1esti'#tors o7 #n #(d%.tion in.ident in1o&1in' t/ree >9? persons;
&#ter identi7ied #s petitioner Me&iss# Ro-#s, J%#nito C#r#(eo #nd Jo/n Ed2#rd
J#ndo.;2/o 2ere #&& st#=in' in /is /o%se.
3G)4
Mr. P#o&o dis.&osed t/#t t/e
#(d%.tion o..%rred #ro%nd ,:9+ o@.&o.D in t/e #7ternoon, #nd 2#s perpetr#ted (=
#(o%t ei'/t >H? /e#1i&= #r$ed $en 2/o 7or.ed t/eir 2#= inside /is /o%se.
3GH4
Ot/er
2itnesses to t/e #(d%.tion #&so .on7ir$ed t/#t t/e #r$ed $en %sed # d#rD (&%e 1#n
2it/ #n %nDno2n p&#te n%$(er #nd t2o >*? Hond# NRM $otor.=.&es 2it/ no p&#te
n%$(ers.
3G64

At G:++ o@.&o.D in t/e #7ternoon o7 ,6 M#= *++6, t/e in1esti'#tors sent #
0&#s/ Mess#'e to t/e di77erent po&i.e st#tions s%rro%ndin' L# P#E, T#r&#., in #n
e77ort to tr#.D #nd &o.#te t/e 1#n #nd $otor.=.&es o7 t/e s%spe.ts. Un7ort%n#te&=,
t/e e77ort =ie&ded ne'#ti1e res%&ts.
35+4


On *+ M#= *++6, t/e res%&ts o7 t/e initi#& in1esti'#tion 2ere in.&%ded in
# #pe$ial (eport
35,4
t/#t 2#s tr#ns$itted to t/e T#r&#. Po&i.e Pro1in.i#& O77i.e,
/e#ded (= p%(&i. respondent PBS S%pt. R%d= L#.#din >S%pt. L#.#din?. P%(&i.
respondent S%pt. L#.#din, in t%rn, in7or$ed t/e Re'ion#& Po&i.e O77i.e o7 Re'ion 9
#(o%t t/e #(d%.tion.
35*4
0o&&o2-%p in1esti'#tions 2ere, #t t/e s#$e ti$e, p%rs%ed.
3594

On *5 M#= *++6, p%(&i. respondent PCBS%pt. Leon Ni&o De&# Cr%E, #s
Dire.tor o7 t/e Re'ion#& Po&i.e O77i.e 7or Re'ion 9, .#%sed t/e .re#tion o7 Spe.i#&
In1esti'#tion T#sD 8ro%p;CAROJAN >T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN? to .ond%.t #n in-
dept/ in1esti'#tion on t/e #(d%.tion o7 t/e petitioner, C#r#(eo #nd J#ndo..
35F4


T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN st#rted its inL%ir= (= $#Din' # series o7 (#.D'ro%nd
e-#$in#tions on t/e 1i.ti$s o7 t/e p%rported #(d%.tion, in order to re1e#& t/e
$oti1e (e/ind t/e #(d%.tion #nd, %&ti$#te&=, t/e identit= o7 t/e perpetr#tors.
35G4
T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN #&so $#int#ined &i#isons 2it/ &arapatan #nd t/e
A&&i#n.e 7or Ad1#n.e$ent o7 Peop&e@s Ri'/ts;or'#niE#tions tr%sted (= petitioner
;in t/e /opes o7 o(t#inin' t/e &#tter@s p#rti.ip#tion in t/e on'oin' in1esti'#tions.
3554
Un7ort%n#te&=, t/e &etters sent (= t/e in1esti'#tors reL%estin' 7or t/e
#1#i&#(i&it= o7 t/e petitioner 7or inL%iries 2ere &e7t %n/eeded.
35)4

T/e pro'ress o7 t/e in1esti'#tions .ond%.ted (= T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN /#d
(een det#i&ed in t/e reports
35H4
t/#t it s%($itted to p%(&i. respondent 8ener#& Jes%s
A$e VerEos#, t/e C/ie7 o7 t/e P/i&ippine N#tion#& Po&i.e. Ho2e1er, #s o7 t/eir
&#test report d#ted *6 J%ne *++6, T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN is sti&& %n#(&e to $#De #
de7initi1e 7indin' #s to t/e tr%e identit= #nd #77i&i#tion o7 t/e #(d%.tors;# 7#.t t/#t
t#sD 'ro%p CAROJAN #ttri(%tes to t/e re7%s#& o7 t/e petitioner, or #n= o7 /er
7e&&o2 1i.ti$s, to .ooper#te in t/eir in1esti'#ti1e e77orts.
3564

Military A$tion

P%(&i. respondent 8i&(ert Teodoro, t/e Se.ret#r= o7 N#tion#& De7ense, 7irst
.#$e to Dno2 #(o%t t/e #&&e'ed #(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e petitioner %pon re.eipt
o7 t/e Reso&%tion o7 t/is Co%rt dire.tin' /i$ #nd t/e ot/er respondents to 7i&e t/eir
ret%rn.
3)+4
I$$edi#te&= t/ere#7ter, /e iss%ed # Memorandum Dire$tive
3),4
#ddressed
to t/e C/ie7 o7 St#77 o7 t/e A0P, orderin' t/e &#tter, #$on' ot/ers, to .ond%.t #n
inL%ir= to deter$ine t/e 1#&idit= o7 t/e #..%s#tion o7 $i&it#r= in1o&1e$ent in t/e
#(d%.tion.
3)*4

A.tin' p%rs%#nt to t/e Memorandum Dire$tive, p%(&i. respondent 8ener#&
Vi.tor S. I(r#do, t/e A0P C/ie7 o7 St#77, sent #n A0P R#dio Mess#'e
3)94
#ddressed
to p%(&i. respondent Lie%ten#nt 8ener#& De&7in N. #n'it >Lt. 8en. #n'it?, t/e
Co$$#ndin' 8ener#& o7 t/e Ar$=, re&#=in' t/e order to .#%se #n in1esti'#tion on
t/e #(d%.tion o7 t/e petitioner.
3)F4

0or /is p#rt, #nd t#Din' .%e 7ro$ t/e #&&e'#tions in t/e amparo petition,
p%(&i. respondent Lt. 8en. #n'it instr%.ted p%(&i. respondent M#<or 8ener#&
R#&p/ A. Vi&&#n%e1# >M#<. 8en. Vi&&#n%e1#?, t/e Co$$#nder o7 t/e )
t/
In7#ntr=
Di1ision o7 t/e Ar$= (#sed in 0ort M#'s#=s#=, to set in $otion #n in1esti'#tion
re'#rdin' t/e possi(&e in1o&1e$ent o7 #n= personne& #ssi'ned #t t/e .#$p in t/e
p%rported #(d%.tion o7 t/e petitioner.
3)G4
In t%rn, p%(&i. respondent M#<. 8en.
Vi&&#n%e1# t#pped t/e O77i.e o7 t/e Pro1ost M#rs/#& >OPV? o7 t/e )
t/
In7#ntr=
Di1ision, to .ond%.t t/e in1esti'#tion.
3)54

On *9 J%ne *++6, t/e OPV o7 t/e )
t/
In7#ntr= Di1ision re&e#sed
#n nvestigation (eport
3))4
det#i&in' t/e res%&ts o7 its inL%ir=. In s%(st#n.e, t/e
report des.ri(ed petitioner@s #&&e'#tions #s Jopinion#tedK #nd t/ere(= .&e#red t/e
$i&it#r= 7ro$ #n= in1o&1e$ent in /er #&&e'ed #(d%.tion #nd tort%re.
3)H4

)he De$ision of the Court of Appeals

In its De.ision,
3)64
t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s '#1e d%e 2ei'/t #nd .onsider#tion to
t/e petitioner@s 1ersion t/#t s/e 2#s indeed #(d%.ted #nd t/en s%(<e.ted to tort%re
7or 7i1e >G? str#i'/t d#=s. T/e #ppe&&#te .o%rt noted t/e sin.erit= #nd reso&1e (=
2/i./ t/e petitioner #77ir$ed t/e .ontents o7 /er #77id#1its in open .o%rt, #nd 2#s
t/ere(= .on1in.ed t/#t t/e &#tter 2#s te&&in' t/e tr%t/.
3H+4


On t/e ot/er /#nd, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s disre'#rded t/e #r'%$ent o7 t/e
p%(&i. respondents t/#t t/e #(d%.tion o7 t/e petitioner 2#s Jst#'e $#n#'ed,K #s it
is $ere&= (#sed on #n %n7o%nded spe.%&#tion t/#t on&= t/e &#tter #nd /er
.o$p#nions Dne2 2/ere t/e= 2ere st#=in' #t t/e ti$e t/e= 2ere 7or.i(&= t#Den.
3H,4
T/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 7%rt/er stressed t/#t t/e Medi$al Certifi$ateo7 t/e
petitioner .#n on&= #77ir$ t/e e-isten.e o7 # tr%e #(d%.tion, #s its 7indin's #re
re7&e.ti1e o7 t/e 1er= in<%ries t/e &#tter .&#i$s to /#1e s%st#ined d%rin' /er
/#rro2in' orde#&, p#rti.%&#r&= 2/en s/e 2#s /#nd.%77ed #nd t/en dr#''ed (= /er
#(d%.tors onto t/eir 1#n.
3H*4

T/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s #&so re.o'niEed t/e e-isten.e o7 #n on'oin' t/re#t
#'#inst t/e se.%rit= o7 t/e petitioner, #s $#ni7ested in t/e #tte$pts o7 JRCK to
.ont#.t #nd $onitor /er, e1en #7ter s/e 2#s re&e#sed.
3H94
T/is t/re#t, #..ordin' to
t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, is #&& t/e $ore .o$po%nded (= t/e 7#i&%re o7 t/e po&i.e
#%t/orities to identi7= t/e $#teri#& perpetr#tors 2/o #re sti&& #t &#r'e.
3HF4
T/%s, t/e
#ppe&&#te .o%rt e-tended to t/e petitioner t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e 2rit o7 amparo (=
dire.tin' t/e p%(&i. respondents to #77ord prote.tion to t/e 7or$er, #s 2e&& #s
.ontin%in', %nder t/e nor$ o7 e-tr#ordin#r= di&i'en.e, t/eir e-istin' in1esti'#tions
in1o&1in' t/e #(d%.tion.
3HG4

T/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s &iDe2ise o(ser1ed # tr#ns'ression o7 t/e ri'/t to
in7or$#tion#& pri1#.= o7 t/e petitioner, notin' t/e e-isten.e o7 Jre.ords o7
in1esti'#tionsK t/#t .on.erns t/e petitioner #s # s%spe.ted $e$(er o7 t/e CPP-
NPA.
3H54
T/e #ppe&&#te .o%rt deri1ed t/e e-isten.e o7 s%./ re.ords 7ro$ #
p/oto'r#p/ #nd 1ideo 7i&e presented in # press .on7eren.e (= p#rt=-&ist
represent#ti1es Jo1ito P#&p#r#n >P#&p#r#n? #nd P#stor A&.o1er >A&.o1er?, 2/i./
#&&e'ed&= s/o2 t/e petitioner p#rti.ip#tin' in re(e& e-er.ises. Represent#ti1e
A&.o1er #&so re1e#&ed t/#t t/e p/oto'r#p/ #nd 1ideo .#$e 7ro$ # 7e$#&e CPP-
NPA $e$(er 2/o 2#nted o%t o7 t/e or'#niE#tion. A..ordin' to t/e Co%rt o7
Appe#&s, t/e pro&i7er#tion o7 t/e p/oto'r#p/ #nd 1ideo, #s 2e&& #s #n= 7or$ o7
$edi#, insin%#tin' t/#t petitioner is p#rt o7 t/e CPP-NPA does not on&= .onstit%te #
1io&#tion o7 t/e ri'/t to pri1#.= o7 t/e petitioner (%t #&so p%ts 7%rt/er str#in on /er
#&re#d= 1o&#ti&e se.%rit=.
3H)4
To t/is end, t/e #ppe&&#te .o%rt 'r#nted t/e pri1i&e'e o7
t/e 2rit o7habeas data $#nd#tin' t/e p%(&i. respondents to re7r#in 7ro$
distri(%tin' to t/e p%(&i. #n= re.ords, in 2/#te1er 7or$, re&#ti1e to petitioner@s
#&&e'ed ties 2it/ t/e CPP-NPA or pertinent&= re&#ted to /er #(d%.tion #nd tort%re.
3HH4

T/e 7ore'oin' not2it/st#ndin', /o2e1er, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 2#s not
.on1in.ed t/#t t/e $i&it#r= or #n= ot/er person #.tin' %nder t/e #.L%ies.en.e o7
t/e 'o1ern$ent, 2ere responsi(&e 7or t/e #(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e petitioner.
3H64
T/e #ppe&&#te .o%rt stressed t/#t, <%d'in' (= /er o2n st#te$ents, t/e petitioner
$ere&= J(e&ie1edK t/#t t/e $i&it#r= 2#s (e/ind /er #(d%.tion.
36+4
T/%s, t/e Co%rt
o7 Appe#&s #(so&1ed t/e p%(&i. respondents 7ro$ #n= .o$p&i.it= in t/e #(d%.tion
#nd tort%re o7 petitioner.
36,4
T/e petition 2#s &iDe2ise dis$issed #s #'#inst p%(&i.
respondent President 8&ori# M#.#p#'#&-Arro=o, in 1ie2 o7 /er i$$%nit= 7ro$ s%it.
36*4

A..ordin'&=, t/e petitioner@s pr#=ers 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er person#&
(e&on'in's 2ere denied.
3694
Petitioner@s pr#=ers 7or #n inspe.tion order #nd
prod%.tion order #&so $et t/e s#$e 7#te.
36F4

Hen.e, t/is #ppe#& (= t/e petitioner.

AMPARO

A.

Petitioner 7irst .ontends t/#t t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s erred in #(so&1in' t/e
p%(&i. respondents 7ro$ #n= responsi(i&it= in /er #(d%.tion #nd tort%re.
36G4
Coro&&#r= to t/is, petitioner #&so 7inds 7#%&t on t/e p#rt o7 Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in
den=in' /er pr#=er 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er person#& (e&on'in's.
3654

Petitioner insists t/#t t/e $#nner (= 2/i./ /er #(d%.tion #nd tort%re 2#s
.#rried o%t, #s 2e&& #s t/e so%nds o7 .onstr%.tion, '%n-7ire #nd #irp&#nes t/#t s/e
/e#rd 2/i&e in detention, #s t/ese 2ere det#i&ed in /er t2o #77id#1its #nd #77ir$ed
(= /er in open .o%rt, #re #&re#d= s%77i.ient e1iden.e to pro1e 'o1ern$ent
in1o&1e$ent.
36)4

Pro.eedin' 7ro$ s%./ #ss%$ption, petitioner in1oDes t/e do.trine o7
.o$$#nd responsi(i&it= to i$p&i.#te t/e /i'/-r#nDin' .i1i&i#n #nd $i&it#r=
#%t/orities s/e i$p&e#ded #s respondents in /er amparo petition.
36H4
T/%s, petitioner
seeDs 7ro$ t/is Co%rt # prono%n.e$ent /o&din' t/e respondents #s .o$p&i.it in /er
#(d%.tion #nd tort%re, #s 2e&& #s &i#(&e 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er (e&on'in's.
3664

Command (esponsibility in Amparo !ro$eedings

It $%st (e st#ted #t t/e o%tset t/#t t/e %se (= t/e petitioner o7 t/e do$trine of
$ommand responsibility #s t/e <%sti7i.#tion in i$p&e#din' t/e p%(&i. respondents in
/er amparo petition, is &e'#&&= in#..%r#te, i7 not in.orre.t. T/e do.trine o7
.o$$#nd responsi(i&it= is # r%&e o7 s%(st#nti1e &#2 t/#t est#(&is/es &i#(i&it= #nd,
(= t/is #..o%nt, .#nnot (e # proper &e'#& (#sis to i$p&e#d # p#rt=-respondent in
#n amparo petition.
3,++4

T/e .#se o7 Rubrico v. Arroyo,
3,+,4
2/i./ 2#s t/e 7irst to e-#$ine .o$$#nd
responsi(i&it= in t/e .onte-t o7 #n amparopro.eedin', o(ser1ed t/#t t/e do.trine is
%sed to pinpoint &i#(i&it=. Rubrico notes t/#t:
3,+*4

T/e e1o&%tion o7 t/e .o$$#nd responsi(i&it= do.trine 7inds its .onte-t in t/e
de1e&op$ent o7 &#2s o7 2#r #nd #r$ed .o$(#ts. A..ordin' to 0r. ern#s,
O.o$$#nd responsi(i&it=,O in its si$p&est ter$s, $e#ns t/e Oresponsi(i&it= o7
.o$$#nders 7or .ri$es .o$$itted (= s%(ordin#te $e$(ers o7 t/e #r$ed 7or.es
or ot/er persons s%(<e.t to t/eir .ontro& in intern#tion#& 2#rs or do$esti.
.on7&i.t.O
3,+94
In t/is sense, .o$$#nd responsi(i&it= is proper&= # 7or$ o7 .ri$in#&
.o$p&i.it=. T/e H#'%e Con1entions o7 ,6+) #dopted t/e do.trine o7 .o$$#nd
responsi(i&it=,
3,+F4
7ores/#do2in' t/e present-d#= pre.ept o7 /o&din' # s%perior
#..o%nt#(&e 7or t/e #tro.ities .o$$itted (= /is s%(ordin#tes s/o%&d /e (e re$iss
in /is d%t= o7 .ontro& o1er t/e$. As t/en 7or$%&#ted, .o$$#nd responsi(i&it= is
O &' ()**)' (+, - )'+).)+/&0 12)()'&0 0)&3)0)45 ,O 2/ere(= t/e s%perior is
$#de responsi(&e 7or 12)(,* 1(()44,+ (= /is s%(ordin#tes 7or 7#i&in' to pre1ent
or p%nis/ t/e perpetr#tors
3,+G4
>#s opposed to .ri$es /e ordered?. >E$p/#sis in t/e
or'in#&, %nders.orin' s%pp&ied?

Sin.e t/e #pp&i.#tion o7 .o$$#nd responsi(i&it= pres%pposes #n i$p%t#tion
o7 indi1id%#& &i#(i&it=, it is $ore #pt&= in1oDed in # 7%&&-(&o2n .ri$in#& or
#d$inistr#ti1e .#se r#t/er t/#n in # s%$$#r= amparo pro.eedin'. T/e o(1io%s
re#son &ies in t/e n#t%re o7 t/e 2rit itse&7:

T/e 2rit o7 amparo is # prote.ti1e re$ed= #i$ed #t pro1idin' <%di.i#& re&ie7
.onsistin' o7 t/e #ppropri#te re$edi#& $e#s%res #nd dire.ti1es t/#t $#= (e .r#7ted
(= t/e .o%rt, in order to #ddress spe.i7i. 1io&#tions or t/re#ts o7 1io&#tion o7 t/e
.onstit%tion#& ri'/ts to &i7e, &i(ert= or se.%rit=.
3,+54
W6)0, 46, 72)'1)7&0 38,14).,
- )4* 721,,+)'9* )* 46, )')4)&0 +,4,2()'&4)' - :6,46,2 &' ,'-21,+
+)*&77,&2&'1,, ,;42&0,9&0 <)00)'9 2 462,&4* 46,2,- 6&+ 42&'*7)2,+=46, :2)4
+,* '4, 35 * +)'9, -); 0)&3)0)45 -2 */16 +)*&77,&2&'1,, <)00)'9 2 462,&4*,
:6,46,2 46&4 (&5 3, 12)()'&0, 1).)0 2 &+()')*42&4)., /'+,2 46, &770)1&30,
*/3*4&'4)., 0&:.
3,+)4
T/e r#tion#&e %nderpinnin' t/is pe.%&i#r n#t%re o7
#n amparo 2rit /#s (een, in t%rn, .&e#r&= set 7ort/ in t/e &#nd$#rD .#se o7 The
Secretary of National Defense v. Manalo:
3,+H4

- - - T/e re$ed= pro1ides r#pid <%di.i#& re&ie7 #s it p#rt#Des o7 # s%$$#r=
pro.eedin' t/#t reL%ires on&= s%(st#nti#& e1iden.e to $#De t/e #ppropri#te re&ie7s
#1#i&#(&e to t/e petitionerC )4 )* '4 &' &14)' 4 +,4,2()', 12)()'&0 9/)04
2,>/)2)'9 72- 3,5'+ 2,&*'&30, +/34, 2 0)&3)0)45 -2 +&(&9,* 2,>/)2)'9
72,7'+,2&'1, - ,.)+,'1,, 2 &+()')*42&4)., 2,*7'*)3)0)45 2,>/)2)'9
*/3*4&'4)&0 ,.)+,'1, 46&4 :)00 2,>/)2, -/00 &'+ ,;6&/*4)., 721,,+)'9*.
3,+64
>E$p/#sis s%pp&ied?

It $%st (e .&#ri7ied, /o2e1er, t/#t t/e in#pp&i.#(i&it= o7 t/e do.trine o7
.o$$#nd responsi(i&it= in #n amparo pro.eedin' does not, (= #n= $e#s%re,
pre.&%de i$p&e#din' $i&it#r= or po&i.e .o$$#nders on t/e 'ro%nd t/#t t/e
.o$p&#ined #.ts in t/e petition 2ere .o$$itted 2it/ t/eir dire.t or indire.t
#.L%ies.en.e. In 2/i./ .#se, .o$$#nders $#= (e i$p&e#ded;not #.t%#&&= on t/e
(#sis o7 .o$$#nd responsi(i&it=;(%t r#t/er on t/e 'ro%nd o7 t/eir 2,*7'*)3)0)45,
or #t &e#st &11/'4&3)0)45. In Raon v. Ta!itis,
3,,+4
t/e distin.t, (%t interre&#ted
.on.epts o7 responsi(i&it= #nd #..o%nt#(i&it= 2ere 'i1en spe.i#& #nd %niL%e
si'ni7i.#tions in re&#tion to #namparo pro.eedin', to 2it:

- - - R,*7'*)3)0)45 re7ers to t/e e-tent t/e #.tors /#1e (een est#(&is/ed (=
s%(st#nti#& e1iden.e to /#1e p#rti.ip#ted in 2/#te1er 2#=, (= #.tion or o$ission,
in #n en7or.ed dis#ppe#r#n.e, #s # $e#s%re o7 t/e re$edies t/is Co%rt s/#&& .r#7t,
#$on' t/e$, t/e dire.ti1e to 7i&e t/e #ppropri#te .ri$in#& #nd .i1i& .#ses #'#inst
t/e responsi(&e p#rties in t/e proper .o%rts. A11/'4&3)0)45, on t/e ot/er /#nd,
re7ers to t/e $e#s%re o7 re$edies t/#t s/o%&d (e #ddressed to t/ose 2/o e-/i(ited
in1o&1e$ent in t/e en7or.ed dis#ppe#r#n.e 2it/o%t (rin'in' t/e &e1e& o7 t/eir
.o$p&i.it= to t/e &e1e& o7 responsi(i&it= de7ined #(o1eC or 2/o #re i$p%ted 2it/
Dno2&ed'e re&#tin' to t/e en7or.ed dis#ppe#r#n.e #nd 2/o .#rr= t/e (%rden o7
dis.&os%reC or t/ose 2/o .#rr=, (%t /#1e 7#i&ed to dis./#r'e, t/e (%rden o7
e-tr#ordin#r= di&i'en.e in t/e in1esti'#tion o7 t/e en7or.ed dis#ppe#r#n.e.

(esponsibility of !ubli$ (espondents

At #n= r#te, it is .&e#r 7ro$ t/e re.ords o7 t/e .#se t/#t t/e intent o7 t/e
petitioner in i$p&e#din' t/e p%(&i. respondents is to #s.ri(e so$e 7or$
o7 2,*7'*)3)0)45 on t/eir p#rt, (#sed on /er #ss%$ption t/#t t/e=, in one 2#= or
t/e ot/er, /#d .ondoned /er #(d%.tion #nd tort%re.
3,,,4

To est#(&is/ s%./ #ss%$ption, petitioner #tte$pted to s/o2 t/#t it 2#s
'o1ern$ent #'ents 2/o 2ere (e/ind /er orde#&. T/%s, t/e petitioner .#&&s #ttention
to t/e .ir.%$st#n.es s%rro%ndin' /er #(d%.tion #nd tort%re;i.e.* t/e 7or.i(&e
t#Din' in (ro#d d#=&i'/tC %se o7 1e/i.&es 2it/ no &i.ense p&#tesC %ti&iE#tion o7
(&ind7o&dsC .ond%.tin' interro'#tions to e&i.it .o$$%nist in.&in#tionsC #nd t/e
in7&i.tion o7 p/=si.#& #(%se;2/i./, #..ordin' to /er, is .onsistent 2it/ t/e 2#=
en7or.ed dis#ppe#r#n.es #re (ein' pr#.ti.ed (= t/e $i&it#r= or ot/er st#te 7or.es.
3,,*4

Moreo1er, petitioner #&so .&#i$s t/#t s/e 2#s /e&d inside t/e $i&it#r= .#$p
0ort M#'s#=s#=;# .on.&%sion t/#t s/e 2#s #(&e to in7er 7ro$ t/e tr#1e& ti$e
reL%ired to re#./ t/e p&#.e 2/ere s/e 2#s #.t%#&&= det#ined, #nd #&so 7ro$ t/e
so%nds o7 .onstr%.tion, '%n-7ire #nd #irp&#nes s/e /e#rd 2/i&e t/ere#t.
3,,94
:e #re not i$pressed. T/e tot#&it= o7 t/e e1iden.e presented (= t/e
petitioner does not inspire re#son#(&e .on.&%sion t/#t /er #(d%.tors 2ere $i&it#r=
or po&i.e personne& #nd t/#t s/e 2#s det#ined #t 0ort M#'s#=s#=.

+irst. T/e si$i&#rit= (et2een t/e .ir.%$st#n.es #ttendin' # p#rti.%&#r .#se
o7 #(d%.tion 2it/ t/ose s%rro%ndin' pre1io%s inst#n.es o7 en7or.ed dis#ppe#r#n.es
does not, ne.ess#ri&=, .#rr= s%77i.ient 2ei'/t to pro1e t/#t t/e 'o1ern$ent
or./estr#ted s%./ #(d%.tion. :e opine t/#t inso7#r #s t/e present .#se is
.on.erned, t/e per.ei1ed si$i&#rit= .#nnot st#nd #s s%(st#nti#& e1iden.e o7 t/e
in1o&1e$ent o7 t/e 'o1ern$ent.

In amparo pro.eedin's, t/e 2ei'/t t/#t $#= (e #..orded to p#r#&&e&
.ir.%$st#n.es #s e1iden.e o7 $i&it#r= in1o&1e$ent depends &#r'e&= on t/e
#1#i&#(i&it= or non-#1#i&#(i&it= o7 ot/er pie.es o7 e1iden.e t/#t /#s t/e potenti#& o7
dire.t&= pro1in' t/e identit= #nd #77i&i#tion o7 t/e perpetr#tors. Dire.t e1iden.e o7
identit=, 2/en o(t#in#(&e, $%st (e pre7erred o1er $ere .ir.%$st#nti#& e1iden.e
(#sed on p#tterns #nd si$i&#rit=, (e.#%se t/e 7or$er ind%(it#(&= o77ers 're#ter
.ert#int= #s to t/e tr%e identit= #nd #77i&i#tion o7 t/e perpetr#tors. An amparo .o%rt
.#nnot si$p&= &e#1e to re$ote #nd /#E= in7eren.e 2/#t it .o%&d ot/er2ise .&e#r&=
#nd dire.t&= #s.ert#in.

In t/e .#se #t (en./, petitioner 2#s, in 7#.t, #(&e to in.&%de in /er "ffer of
,-hibits,
3,,F4
t/e .#rto'r#p/i. sDet./es
3,,G4
o7 se1er#& o7 /er #(d%.tors 2/ose 7#.es
s/e $#n#'ed to see. To t/e $ind o7 t/is Co%rt, t/ese .#rto'r#p/i. sDet./es /#1e
t/e %ndeni#(&e potenti#& o7 'i1in' t/e 're#test .ert#int= #s to t/e tr%e identit= #nd
#77i&i#tion o7 petitioner@s #(d%.tors. Un7ort%n#te&= 7or t/e petitioner, t/is potenti#&
/#s not (een re#&iEed in 1ie2 o7 t/e 7#.t t/#t t/e 7#.es des.ri(ed in s%./ sDet./es
re$#in %nidenti7ied, $%./ &ess /#1e (een s/o2n to (e t/#t o7 #n= $i&it#r= or po&i.e
personne&. &%nt&= st#ted, t/e #(d%.tors 2ere not pro1en to (e p#rt o7 eit/er t/e
$i&it#r= or t/e po&i.e ./#in o7 .o$$#nd.

#e$ond. T/e .&#i$ o7 t/e petitioner t/#t s/e 2#s t#Den to 0ort M#'s#=s#=
2#s not #deL%#te&= est#(&is/ed (= /er $ere esti$#te o7 t/e ti$e it tooD to re#./ t/e
p&#.e 2/ere s/e 2#s det#ined #nd (= t/e so%nds t/#t s/e /e#rd 2/i&e t/ere#t. LiDe
t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, :e #re not in.&ined to t#De t/e esti$#te #nd o(ser1#tions o7
t/e petitioner #s #..%r#te on its 7#.e;not on&= (e.#%se t/e= 2ere $#de $ost&=
2/i&e s/e 2#s in (&ind7o&ds, (%t #&so in 1ie2 o7 t/e 7#.t t/#t s/e 2#s # $ere
so<o%rner in t/e P/i&ippines, 2/ose 7#$i&i#rit= 2it/ 0ort M#'s#=s#= #nd t/e tr#1e&
ti$e reL%ired to re#./ it is in itse&7 do%(t7%&.
3,,54
:it/ not/in' e&se (%t o(s.%re
o(ser1#tions to s%pport it, petitioner@s .&#i$ t/#t s/e 2#s t#Den to 0ort M#'s#=s#=
re$#ins # $ere spe.%&#tion.

In s%$, t/e petitioner 2#s not #(&e to est#(&is/ to # .on.rete point t/#t /er
#(d%.tors 2ere #.t%#&&= #77i&i#ted, 2/et/er 7or$#&&= or in7or$#&&=, 2it/ t/e
$i&it#r= or t/e po&i.e or'#niE#tions. Neit/er does t/e e1iden.e #t /#nd pro1e t/#t
petitioner 2#s indeed t#Den to t/e $i&it#r= .#$p 0ort M#'s#=s#= to t/e e-.&%sion
o7 ot/er p&#.es. T6,*, ,.)+,'4)&25 9&7*, )' 4/2', (&<, )4 .)24/&005 )(7**)30, 4
+,4,2()', :6,46,2 46, &3+/14)' &'+ 424/2, - 46, 7,4)4)',2 :&* )' -&14
1(()44,+ :)46 46, &1>/),*1,'1, - 46, 7/30)1 2,*7'+,'4*. On #..o%nt o7 t/is
ins%77i.ien.= in e1iden.e, # prono%n.e$ent o7 responsi(i&it= on t/e p#rt o7 t/e
p%(&i. respondents, t/ere7ore, .#nnot (e $#de.

!rayer for the (eturn of !ersonal Belongings

T/is (rin's Us to t/e pr#=er o7 t/e petitioner 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er person#&
(e&on'in's.

In its de.ision, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s denied t/e #(o1e pr#=er o7 t/e
petitioner (= re#son o7 t/e 7#i&%re o7 t/e &#tter to pro1e t/#t t/e p%(&i. respondents
2ere in1o&1ed in /er #(d%.tion #nd tort%re.
3,,)4
:e #'ree 2it/ t/e .on.&%sion o7
t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, (%t not entire&= 2it/ t/e re#son %sed to s%pport it. To t/e
$ind o7 t/is Co%rt, t/e pr#=er o7 t/e petitioner 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er (e&on'in's is
doo$ed to 7#i& re'#rd&ess o7 2/et/er t/ere is s%77i.ient e1iden.e to /o&d p%(&i.
respondents responsi(&e 7or t/e #(d%.tion o7 t/e petitioner.

In t/e 7irst p&#.e, #n order dire.tin' t/e p%(&i. respondents to ret%rn t/e
person#& (e&on'in's o7 t/e petitioner is #&re#d= eL%i1#&ent to # .on.&%si1e
prono%n.e$ent o7 &i#(i&it=. T/e order itse&7 is # s%(st#nti#& re&ie7 t/#t .#n on&= (e
'r#nted on.e t/e &i#(i&it= o7 t/e p%(&i. respondents /#s (een 7i-ed in # 7%&& #nd
e-/#%sti1e pro.eedin'. As #&re#d= dis.%ssed #(o1e, $#tters o7 &i#(i&it= #re not
deter$in#(&e in # $ere s%$$#r= amparo pro.eedin'.
3,,H4

%t per/#ps t/e $ore 7%nd#$ent#& re#son in den=in' t/e pr#=er o7 t/e
petitioner, &ies 2it/ t/e 7#.t t/#t # person@s ri'/t to (e restit%ted o7 /is propert= is
#&re#d= s%(s%$ed %nder t/e 'ener#& r%(ri. o7 propert= ri'/ts;2/i./ #re no &on'er
prote.ted (= t/e .rit of amparo.
3,,64
Se.tion , o7 t/e Amparo R%&e,
3,*+4
2/i./
de7ines t/e s.ope #nd e-tent o7 t/e 2rit, .&e#r&= e-.&%des t/e prote.tion o7 propert=
ri'/ts.

B.

T/e ne-t error r#ised (= t/e petitioner is t/e deni#& (= t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s
o7 /er pr#=er 7or #n inspe.tion o7 t/e detention #re#s o7 0ort M#'s#=s#=.
3,*,4

Considerin' t/e de#rt/ o7 e1iden.e .on.rete&= pointin' to #n= $i&it#r=
in1o&1e$ent in petitioner@s orde#&, t/is Co%rt 7inds no error on t/e p#rt o7 t/e Co%rt
o7 Appe#&s in den=in' #n inspe.tion o7 t/e $i&it#r= .#$p #t 0ort M#'s#=s#=. :e
#'ree 2it/ t/e #ppe&&#te .o%rt t/#t # .ontr#r= st#n.e 2o%&d (e eL%i1#&ent to
s#n.tionin' # J7is/in' e-pedition,K 2/i./ 2#s ne1er intended (= t/eAmparo R%&e
in pro1idin' 7or t/e interi$ re&ie7 o7 inspe.tion order.
3,**4
Contr#r= to t/e e-p&i.it
position
3,*94
espo%sed (= t/e petitioner, t/e Amparo R%&e does not #&&o2 # J7is/in'
e-peditionK 7or e1iden.e.

An inspe.tion order is #n interi$ re&ie7 desi'ned to 'i1e s%pport or
stren't/en t/e .&#i$ o7 # petitioner in #n amparo petition, in order to #id t/e .o%rt
(e7ore $#Din' # de.ision.
3,*F4
A (#si. reL%ire$ent (e7ore #n amparo .o%rt $#=
'r#nt #n inspe.tion order is t/#t t/e p&#.e to (e inspe.ted is re#son#(&=
deter$in#(&e 7ro$ t/e #&&e'#tions o7 t/e p#rt= seeDin' t/e order. :/i&e
t/e Amparo R%&e does not reL%ire t/#t t/e p&#.e to (e inspe.ted (e identi7ied 2it/
.&#rit= #nd pre.ision, it is, ne1ert/e&ess, # $ini$%$ 7or t/e iss%#n.e o7 #n
inspe.tion order t/#t t/e s%pportin' #&&e'#tions o7 # p#rt= (e s%77i.ient in itse&7, so
#s to $#De # prima fa$ie .#se. T/is, #s 2#s s/o2n #(o1e, petitioner 7#i&ed to do.

Sin.e t/e 1er= esti$#tes #nd o(ser1#tions o7 t/e petitioner #re not stron'
eno%'/ to $#De o%t # prima fa$ie .#se t/#t s/e 2#s det#ined in 0ort M#'s#=s#=, #n
inspe.tion o7 t/e $i&it#r= .#$p .#nnot (e ordered. An inspe.tion order .#nnot
iss%e on t/e (#sis o7 #&&e'#tions t/#t #re, in t/e$se&1es, %nre&i#(&e #nd do%(t7%&.

HABEAS DATA

As e#r&ier inti$#ted, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 'r#nted to t/e petitioner t/e
pri1i&e'e o7 t/e 2rit o7 habeas data, (= en<oinin' t/e p%(&i. respondents
7ro$ Jdistri(%tin' or .#%sin' t/e distri(%tion to t/e p%(&i. #n= re.ords in 2/#te1er
7or$, reports, do.%$ents or si$i&#r p#persK re&#ti1e to t/e petitioner@s J#&&e'ed ties
2it/ t/e CPP-NPA or pertinent&= re&#ted to /er #(d%.tion #nd tort%re.K T/o%'/
not r#ised #s #n iss%e in t/is #ppe#&, t/is Co%rt is .onstr#ined to p#ss %pon #nd
re1ie2 t/is p#rti.%&#r r%&in' o7 t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in order to re.ti7=, 2/#t
#ppe#rs to Us, #n error in7e.tin' t/e 'r#nt.

0or t/e proper #ppre.i#tion o7 t/e r#tion#&e %sed (= t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in
'r#ntin' t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e 2rit o7 habeas data, :e L%ote /ere%nder t/e re&e1#nt
portion
3,*G4
o7 its de.ision:

Under t/ese pre$ises, Petitioner pr#=ed t/#t #&& t/e re.ords, inte&&i'en.e
reports #nd reports on t/e in1esti'#tions .ond%.ted on Me&iss# C. Ro-#s or
Me&iss# Ro-#s (e prod%.ed #nd e1ent%#&&= e-p%n'ed 7ro$ t/e re.ords. Petitioner
.&#i$ed to (e in.&%ded in t/e 8o1ern$ent@s Order o7 #tt&e %nder Op&#n #nt#=
L#=# 2/i./ &isted po&iti.#& opponents #'#inst 2/o$ 7#&se .ri$in#& ./#r'es 2ere
7i&ed (#sed on $#de %p #nd per<%red in7or$#tion.

P,'+)'9 2,*0/4)' - 46)* 7,4)4)' &'+ 3,-2, P,4)4)',2 1/0+ 4,*4)-5
3,-2, U*, E;-&2(5 9,',2&0 J.)4 P&0&7&2&', B&'4&5 7&245-0)*4, &'+ P&*42
A01.,2 - 46, A00)&'1, -2 N&4)'&0)*( &'+ D,(12&15 7&245-0)*4 6,0+ &
72,** 1'-,2,'1, :6,2, 46,5 2,.,&0,+ 46&4 46,5 2,1,).,+ &' )'-2(&4)' -2(
& -,(&0, NPA 2,3,0 :6 :&'4,+ /4 - 46, 29&')?&4)', 46&4 P,4)4)',2 :&* &
1((/')*4 2,3,0. A01.,2 10&)(,+ 46&4 *&)+ )'-2(&4)' 2,&16,+ 46,( 462/ &
0,44,2 :)46 764 - P,4)4)',2 60+)'9 -)2,&2(* &4 &' NPA 42&)')'9 1&(7 &'+
& .)+, CD - 46, 42&)')'9 ,;,21)*,*.

C0,&205, &'+ '4:)46*4&'+)'9 P,4)4)',2@* +,')&0 46&4 *6, :&* 46,
7,2*' )' *&)+ .)+,, 46,2, :,2, 2,12+* - 46,2 )'.,*4)9&4)'* ' M,0)**& C.
R;&* 2 M,0)**& R;&* :6)16 .)0&4, 6,2 2)964 4 72).&15. :it/o%t # do%(t,
reports o7 s%./ n#t%re /#1e re#son#(&e .onne.tions, one 2#= or #not/er, to
petitioner@s #(d%.tion 2/ere s/e .&#i$ed s/e /#d (een s%(<e.ted to .r%e&ties #nd
de/%$#niEin' #.ts 2/i./ ne#r&= .#%sed /er &i7e pre.ise&= d%e to #&&e'#tion o7 /er
#&&e'ed $e$(ers/ip in t/e CPP-NPA. And i7 s#id report or si$i&#r reports #re to
(e .ontin%o%s&= $#de #1#i&#(&e to t/e p%(&i., Petitioner@s se.%rit= #nd pri1#.=
2i&& .ert#in&= (e in d#n'er o7 (ein' 1io&#ted or tr#ns'ressed (= persons 2/o /#1e
stron' senti$ents or #1ersion #'#inst $e$(ers o7 t/is 'ro%p. T/e %nre'%&#ted
disse$in#tion o7 s#id %n1eri7ied 1ideo CD or reports o7 Petitioner@s #&&e'ed ties
2it/ t/e CPP-NPA indis.ri$in#te&= $#de #1#i&#(&e 7or p%(&i. .ons%$ption
2it/o%t e1iden.e o7 its #%t/enti.it= or 1er#.it= .ert#in&= 1io&#tes Petitioner@s ri'/t
to pri1#.= 2/i./ $%st (e prote.ted (= t/is Co%rt. :e, t/%s, dee$ it ne.ess#r= to
'r#nt Petitioner t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e :rit o7 H#(e#s D#t#. >E$p/#sis s%pp&ied?.

T/e 2rit o7 habeas data 2#s .on.ept%#&iEed #s # <%di.i#& re$ed= en7or.in'
t/e ri'/t to pri1#.=, $ost espe.i#&&= t/e ri'/t to in7or$#tion#& pri1#.= o7
indi1id%#&s.
3,*54
T/e 2rit oper#tes to prote.t # person@s ri'/t to .ontro& in7or$#tion
re'#rdin' /i$se&7, p#rti.%&#r&= in t/e inst#n.es 2/ere s%./ in7or$#tion is (ein'
.o&&e.ted t/ro%'/ %n&#27%& $e#ns in order to #./ie1e %n&#27%& ends.

Need&ess to st#te, #n indispens#(&e reL%ire$ent (e7ore t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e
2rit $#= (e e-tended is t/e s/o2in', #t &e#st (= s%(st#nti#& e1iden.e, o7 #n #.t%#&
or t/re#tened 1io&#tion o7 t/e ri'/t to pri1#.= in &i7e, &i(ert= or se.%rit= o7 t/e
1i.ti$.
3,*)4
T/is, in t/e .#se #t (en./, t/e petitioner 7#i&ed to do.

T/e $#in pro(&e$ (e/ind t/e r%&in' o7 t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s is t/#t t/ere is
#.t%#&&= no e1iden.e on re.ord t/#t s/o2s t/#t #n= o7 t/e p%(&i. respondents /#d
1io&#ted or t/re#tened t/e ri'/t to pri1#.= o7 t/e petitioner. T/e #.t #s.ri(ed (= t/e
Co%rt o7 Appe#&s to t/e p%(&i. respondents t/#t 2o%&d /#1e 1io&#ted or t/re#tened
t/e ri'/t to pri1#.= o7 t/e petitioner, i.e.* Deepin' re.ords o7 in1esti'#tions #nd
ot/er reports #(o%t t/e petitioner@s ties 2it/ t/e CPP-NPA, 2#s not #deL%#te&=
pro1en;.onsiderin' t/#t t/e ori'in o7 s%./ re.ords 2ere 1irt%#&&= %ne-p&#ined #nd
its e-isten.e, .&e#r&=, on&= in7erred (= t/e #ppe&&#te .o%rt 7ro$ t/e 1ideo #nd
p/oto'r#p/ re&e#sed (= Represent#ti1es P#&p#r#n #nd A&.o1er in t/eir press
.on7eren.e. No e1iden.e on re.ord e1en s/o2s t/#t #n= o7 t/e p%(&i. respondents
/#d #..ess to s%./ 1ideo or p/oto'r#p/.

In 1ie2 o7 t/e #(o1e .onsider#tions, t/e dire.ti1e (= t/e Co%rt o7
Appe#&s en<oinin' t/e p%(&i. respondents 7ro$ Jdistri(%tin' or .#%sin' t/e
distri(%tion to t/e p%(&i. #n= re.ords in 2/#te1er 7or$, reports, do.%$ents or
si$i&#r p#persK re&#ti1e to t/e petitioner@s J#&&e'ed ties 2it/ t/e CPP-NPA,K
#ppe#rs to (e de1oid o7 #n= &e'#& (#sis. T/e p%(&i. respondents .#nnot (e ordered
to re7r#in 7ro$ distri(%tin' so$et/in' t/#t, in t/e 7irst p&#.e, it 2#s not pro1en to
/#1e.

Veri&=, %nti& s%./ ti$e t/#t #n= o7 t/e p%(&i. respondents 2ere 7o%nd to (e
#.t%#&&= responsi(&e 7or t/e #(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e petitioner, #n= in7eren.e
re'#rdin' t/e e-isten.e o7 reports (ein' Dept in 1io&#tion o7 t/e petitioner@s ri'/t to
pri1#.= (e.o$es 7#r7et./ed, #nd pre$#t%re.

0or t/ese re#sons, t/is Co%rt $%st, #t &e#st in t/e $e#nti$e, striDe do2n t/e
'r#nt o7 t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e 2rit o7 habeas data.

DISPOSITION OF THE CASE

O%r re1ie2 o7 t/e e1iden.e o7 t/e petitioner, 2/i&e te&&in' o7 its inn#te
ins%77i.ien.= to i$p%te #n= 7or$ o7 responsi(i&it= on t/e p#rt o7 t/e p%(&i.
respondents, re1e#&ed t2o i$port#nt t/in's t/#t .#n '%ide Us to # proper
disposition o7 t/is .#se. "ne, t/#t 7%rt/er in1esti'#tion 2it/ t/e %se o7
e-tr#ordin#r= di&i'en.e $%st (e $#de in order to identi7= t/e perpetr#tors (e/ind
t/e #(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e petitionerC #nd t.o* t/#t t/e Co$$ission on
H%$#n Ri'/ts >CHR?, p%rs%#nt to its Constit%tion#& $#nd#te to Jin1esti'#te #&&
7or$s o7 /%$#n ri'/ts 1io&#tions in1o&1in' .i1i& #nd po&iti.#& ri'/ts #nd to pro1ide
#ppropri#te &e'#& $e#s%res 7or t/e prote.tion o7 /%$#n ri'/ts,K
3,*H4
$%st (e t#pped
in order to 7i&& .ert#in in1esti'#ti1e #nd re$edi#& 1oids.

+urther nvestigation Must Be /ndertaken

Ironi. #s it see$s, (%t p#rt #nd p#r.e& o7 t/e re#son 2/= t/e petitioner 2#s
not #(&e to #dd%.e s%(st#nti#& e1iden.e pro1in' /er #&&e'#tions o7 'o1ern$ent
.o$p&i.it= in /er #(d%.tion #nd tort%re, $#= (e #ttri(%ted to t/e in.o$p&ete #nd
one-sided in1esti'#tions .ond%.ted (= t/e 'o1ern$ent itse&7. T/is Ja.k.ardK
sit%#tion, 2/erein t/e 1er= persons #&&e'ed to (e in1o&1ed in #n en7or.ed
dis#ppe#r#n.e or e-tr#&e'#& Di&&in' #re, #t t/e s#$e ti$e, t/e 1er= ones t#sDed (=
&#2 to in1esti'#te t/e $#tter, is # %niL%e ./#r#.teristi. o7 t/ese pro.eedin's #nd is
t/e $#in so%r.e o7 t/e Jevidentiary diffi$ultiesK 7#.ed (= #n= petitioner in
#n= amparo.#se.
3,*64

Co'niE#nt o7 t/is sit%#tion, /o2e1er, t/e Amparo R%&e p&#.ed # potent
s#7e'%#rd;reL%irin' t/e Jrespondent 2/o is # p%(&i. o77i.i#& or e$p&o=eeK to
pro1e t/#t no &ess t/#n Je-tr#ordin#r= di&i'en.e #s reL%ired (= #pp&i.#(&e &#2s,
r%&es #nd re'%&#tions 2#s o(ser1ed in t/e per7or$#n.e o7 d%t=.K
3,9+4
T/%s, %n&ess
#nd %nti& #n= o7 t/e p%(&i. respondents is #(&e to s/o2 to t/e s#tis7#.tion o7
t/e amparo .o%rt t/#t e-tr#ordin#r= di&i'en.e /#s (een o(ser1ed in t/eir
in1esti'#tions, t/e= .#nnot s/ed t/e #&&e'#tions o7 responsi(i&it= despite t/e
pre1#i&in' s.#r.it= o7 e1iden.e to t/#t e77e.t.

:it/ t/is in $ind, :e note t/#t e-tr#ordin#r= di&i'en.e, #s reL%ired (=
t/e Amparo R%&e, 2#s not 7%&&= o(ser1ed in t/e .ond%.t o7 t/e po&i.e #nd $i&it#r=
in1esti'#tions in t/e .#se #t (#r.

A per%s#& o7 t/e in1esti'#tion reports s%($itted (= T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN
s/o2s $odest e77ort on t/e p#rt o7 t/e po&i.e in1esti'#tors to identi7= t/e
perpetr#tors o7 t/e #(d%.tion. To (e s%re, s#id reports #re rep&ete 2it/ (#.D'ro%nd
./e.Ds on t/e 1i.ti$s o7 t/e #(d%.tion, (%t #re, #t t/e s#$e ti$e, .o$p#r#ti1e&=
si&ent #s to ot/er .on.rete steps t/e in1esti'#tors /#1e (een t#Din' to #s.ert#in t/e
#%t/ors o7 t/e .ri$e. A&t/o%'/ .ond%.tin' # (#.D'ro%nd in1esti'#tion on t/e
1i.ti$s is # &o'i.#& 7irst step in e-posin' t/e $oti1e (e/ind t/e #(d%.tion;its
ne.essit= is .&e#r&= o%t2ei'/ed (= t/e need to identi7= t/e perpetr#tors, espe.i#&&=
in &i'/t o7 t/e 7#.t t/#t t/e petitioner, 2/o 2#s no &on'er in .#pti1it=, #&re#d= .#$e
%p 2it/ #&&e'#tions #(o%t t/e $oti1e o7 /er .#ptors.

Inste#d, T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN p&#.ed t/e 7#te o7 t/eir in1esti'#tions so&e&=
on t/e .ooper#tion or non-.ooper#tion o7 t/e petitioner;2/o, t/e= .&#i$, 2#s &ess
t/#n ent/%si#sti. in p#rti.ip#tin' in t/eir in1esti'#ti1e e77orts.
3,9,4
:/i&e it $#= (e
.on.eded t/#t t/e p#rti.ip#tion o7 t/e petitioner 2o%&d /#1e 7#.i&it#ted t/e pro'ress
o7 T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN@s in1esti'#tion, t/is Co%rt (e&ie1es t/#t t/e 7or$er@s
reti.en.e to .ooper#te is /#rd&= #n e-.%se 7or T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN not to
e-p&ore ot/er $e#ns or #1en%es 7ro$ 2/i./ t/e= .o%&d o(t#in re&e1#nt &e#ds.
3,9*4
Indeed, 2/i&e t/e #&&e'#tions o7 'o1ern$ent .o$p&i.it= (= t/e petitioner
.#nnot, (= t/e$se&1es, /o&d %p #s #deL%#te e1iden.e (e7ore # .o%rt o7 &#2;t/e=
#re, nonet/e&ess, # 1it#& so%r.e o7 1#&%#(&e in1esti'#ti1e &e#ds t/#t $%st (e p%rs%ed
#nd 1eri7ied, i7 on&= to .o$p&= 2it/ t/e /i'/ st#nd#rd o7 di&i'en.e reL%ired (=
t/e AmparoR%&e in t/e .ond%.t o7 in1esti'#tions.

Ass%$in' t/e non-.ooper#tion o7 t/e petitioner, T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN@s
reports sti&& 7#i&ed to e-p&#in 2/= it ne1er .onsidered seeDin' t/e #ssist#n.e o7 Mr.
Jes%s P#o&o;2/o, #&on' 2it/ t/e 1i.ti$s, is # .entr#& 2itness to t/e
#(d%.tion. T/e reports o7 T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN is si&ent in #n= #tte$pt to o(t#in
7ro$ Mr. P#o&o, # .#rto'r#p/i. sDet./ o7 t/e #(d%.tors or, #t t/e 1er= &e#st, o7 t/e
one 2/o, (= petitioner@s #..o%nt, 2#s not 2e#rin' #n= $#sD.

T/e re.o&&e.tion o7 Mr. P#o&o .o%&d /#1e ser1ed #s # .o$p#r#ti1e $#teri#& to
t/e sDet./es in.&%ded in petitioner@s o77er o7 e-/i(its t/#t, it $#= (e pointed o%t,
2ere prep#red %nder t/e dire.tion o7, #nd 7irst s%($itted to, t/e CHR p%rs%#nt to
t/e &#tter@s independent in1esti'#tion on t/e #(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e petitioner.
3,994
%t #s $entioned e#r&ier, t/e CHR sDet./es re$#in to (e %nidenti7ied #s o7 t/is
d#te.

In &i'/t o7 t/ese .onsider#tions, :e #'ree 2it/ t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s t/#t
7%rt/er in1esti'#tion %nder t/e nor$ o7 e-tr#ordin#r= di&i'en.e s/o%&d (e
%ndert#Den. T/is Co%rt si$p&= .#nnot 2rite finis to t/is .#se, on t/e (#sis o7 #n
in.o$p&ete in1esti'#tion .ond%.ted (= t/e po&i.e #nd t/e $i&it#r=. In # 1er= re#&
sense, t/e ri'/t to se.%rit= o7 t/e petitioner is .ontin%o%s&= p%t in <eop#rd= (e.#%se
o7 t/e de7i.ient in1esti'#tion t/#t dire.t&= .ontri(%tes to t/e de&#= in (rin'in' t/e
re#& perpetr#tors (e7ore t/e (#r o7 <%sti.e.

To #dd teet/ to t/e #ppe&&#te .o%rt@s dire.ti1e, /o2e1er, :e 7ind it 7ittin',
n#=, ne.ess#r= to s/i7t t/e pri$#r= t#sD o7 .ond%.tin' 7%rt/er in1esti'#tions on t/e
#(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e petitioner %pon t/e CHR.
3,9F4
:e note t/#t t/e CHR,
%n&iDe t/e po&i.e or t/e $i&it#r=, see$s to en<o= t/e tr%st #nd .on7iden.e o7 t/e
petitioner;#s e1iden.ed (= /er #ttend#n.e #nd p#rti.ip#tion in t/e /e#rin's
#&re#d= .ond%.ted (= t/e .o$$ission.
3,9G4
Cert#in&=, it 2o%&d (e re#son#(&e to
#ss%$e 7ro$ s%./ .ooper#tion t/#t t/e in1esti'#tions o7 t/e CHR /#1e #d1#n.ed,
or #t t/e 1er= &e#st, (e#rs t/e $ost pro$ise o7 #d1#n.in' 7#rt/er, in ter$s o7
&o.#tin' t/e perpetr#tors o7 t/e #(d%.tion, #nd is t/%s, 1it#& 7or # 7in#& reso&%tion o7
t/is petition. 0ro$ t/is perspe.ti1e, :e #&so dee$ it <%st #nd #ppropri#te to
re&e'#te t/e t#sD o7 #77ordin' interim prote.tion to t/e petitioner, #&so to t/e CHR.
Hen.e, :e $odi7= t/e dire.ti1e o7 t/e Co%rt o7 t/e Appe#&s 7or 7%rt/er
in1esti'#tion, #s 7o&&o2s;

,.? Appointin' t/e CHR #s t/e &e#d #'en.= t#sDed 2it/ .ond%.tin' 7%rt/er
in1esti'#tion re'#rdin' t/e #(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e
petitioner. A..ordin'&=, t/e CHR s/#&&, %nder t/e nor$ o7 e-tr#ordin#r=
di&i'en.e, t#De or .ontin%e to t#De t/e ne.ess#r= steps: >#? to identi7= t/e
persons des.ri(ed in t/e .#rto'r#p/i. sDet./es s%($itted (= t/e petitioner,
#s 2e&& #s t/eir 2/ere#(o%tsC #nd >(? to p%rs%e #n= ot/er &e#ds re&e1#nt to
petitioner@s #(d%.tion #nd tort%re.

*.? Dire.tin' t/e in.%$(ent C/ie7 o7 t/e P/i&ippine N#tion#& Po&i.e >PNP?, or
/is s%..essor, #nd t/e in.%$(ent C/ie7 o7 St#77 o7 t/e A0P, or /is s%..essor,
to e-tend #ssist#n.e to t/e on'oin' in1esti'#tion o7 t/e CHR, in.&%din' (%t
not &i$ited to 7%rnis/in' t/e &#tter # .op= o7 its personne& re.ords $ir$a t/e
ti$e o7 t/e petitioner@s #(d%.tion #nd tort%re, s%(<e.t to re#son#(&e
re'%&#tions .onsistent 2it/ t/e Constit%tion #nd e-istin' &#2s.

9.? 0%rt/er dire.tin' t/e in.%$(ent C/ie7 o7 t/e PNP, or /is s%..essor, to
7%rnis/ to t/is Co%rt, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, #nd t/e petitioner or /er
represent#ti1e, # .op= o7 t/e reports o7 its in1esti'#tions #nd t/eir
re.o$$end#tions, ot/er t/#n t/ose t/#t #re #&re#d= p#rt o7 t/e re.ords o7 t/is
.#se, 2it/in ninet= >6+? d#=s 7ro$ re.eipt o7 t/is de.ision.

F.? 0%rt/er dire.tin' t/e CHR to >#? 7%rnis/ to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 2it/in
ninet= >6+? d#=s 7ro$ re.eipt o7 t/is de.ision, # .op= o7 t/e reports on its
in1esti'#tion #nd its .orrespondin' re.o$$end#tionsC #nd to >(? pro1ide or
.ontin%e to pro1ide prote.tion to t/e petitioner d%rin' /er st#= or 1isit to t/e
P/i&ippines, %nti& s%./ ti$e #s $#= /erein#7ter (e deter$ined (= t/is Co%rt.

A..ordin'&=, t/is .#se $%st (e re7erred (#.D to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, 7or t/e
p%rposes o7 $onitorin' .o$p&i#n.e 2it/ t/e #(o1e dire.ti1es #nd deter$inin'
2/et/er, in &i'/t o7 #n= re.ent reports or re.o$$end#tions, t/ere 2o%&d #&re#d= (e
s%77i.ient e1iden.e to /o&d #n= o7 t/e p%(&i. respondents responsi(&e or, #t &e#st,
#..o%nt#(&e. A7ter $#Din' s%./ deter$in#tion, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s s/#&& s%($it
its o2n report 2it/ re.o$$end#tion to t/is Co%rt 7or 7in#& #.tion. T/e Co%rt o7
Appe#&s 2i&& .ontin%e to /#1e <%risdi.tion o1er t/is .#se in order to #..o$p&is/ its
t#sDs %nder t/is de.ision.

WHEREFORE, t/e inst#nt petition is PARTIALLY
MERITORIOUS. :e /ere(= render # de.ision:

,.? AFFIRMING t/e deni#& o7 t/e petitioner@s pr#=er 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er
person#& (e&on'in'sC

*.? AFFIRMING t/e deni#& o7 t/e petitioner@s pr#=er 7or #n inspe.tion o7 t/e
detention #re#s o7 0ort M#'s#=s#=.

9.? REVERSING t/e 'r#nt o7 t/e pri1i&e'e o7 habeas data, 2it/o%t pre<%di.e,
/o2e1er, to #n= $odi7i.#tion t/#t t/is Co%rt $#= $#De on t/e (#sis o7 t/e
in1esti'#tion reports #nd re.o$$end#tions s%($itted to it %nder t/is
de.ision.

F.? MODIFYING t/e dire.ti1e t/#t 7%rt/er in1esti'#tion $%st (e %ndert#Den,
#s 7o&&o2s;

#. APPOINTING t/e Co$$ission on H%$#n Ri'/ts #s t/e &e#d #'en.=
t#sDed 2it/ .ond%.tin' 7%rt/er in1esti'#tion re'#rdin' t/e #(d%.tion
#nd tort%re o7 t/e petitioner. A..ordin'&=, t/e Co$$ission on H%$#n
Ri'/ts s/#&&, %nder t/e nor$ o7 e-tr#ordin#r= di&i'en.e, t#De or
.ontin%e to t#De t/e ne.ess#r= steps: >#? to identi7= t/e persons
des.ri(ed in t/e .#rto'r#p/i. sDet./es s%($itted (= t/e petitioner, #s
2e&& #s t/eir 2/ere#(o%tsC #nd >(? to p%rs%e #n= ot/er &e#ds re&e1#nt
to petitioner@s #(d%.tion #nd tort%re.

(. DIRECTING t/e in.%$(ent C/ie7 o7 t/e P/i&ippine N#tion#& Po&i.e,
or /is s%..essor, #nd t/e in.%$(ent C/ie7 o7 St#77 o7 t/e Ar$ed
0or.es o7 t/e P/i&ippines, or /is s%..essor, to e-tend #ssist#n.e to t/e
on'oin' in1esti'#tion o7 t/e Co$$ission on H%$#n Ri'/ts, in.&%din'
(%t not &i$ited to 7%rnis/in' t/e &#tter # .op= o7 its personne&
re.ords $ir$a t/e ti$e o7 t/e petitioner@s #(d%.tion #nd tort%re, s%(<e.t
to re#son#(&e re'%&#tions .onsistent 2it/ t/e Constit%tion #nd e-istin'
&#2s.

.. 0%rt/er DIRECTING t/e in.%$(ent C/ie7 o7 t/e P/i&ippine N#tion#&
Po&i.e, or /is s%..essor, to 7%rnis/ to t/is Co%rt, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s,
#nd t/e petitioner or /er represent#ti1e, # .op= o7 t/e reports o7 its
in1esti'#tions #nd t/eir re.o$$end#tions, ot/er t/#n t/ose t/#t #re
#&re#d= p#rt o7 t/e re.ords o7 t/is .#se, 2it/in ninet= >6+? d#=s 7ro$
re.eipt o7 t/is de.ision.

d. 0%rt/er DIRECTING t/e Co$$ission on H%$#n Ri'/ts >#? to
7%rnis/ to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 2it/in ninet= >6+? d#=s 7ro$ re.eipt o7
t/is de.ision, # .op= o7 t/e reports on its in1esti'#tion #nd its
.orrespondin' re.o$$end#tionsC #nd >(? to pro1ide or .ontin%e to
pro1ide prote.tion to t/e petitioner d%rin' /er st#= or 1isit to t/e
P/i&ippines, %nti& s%./ ti$e #s $#= /erein#7ter (e deter$ined (= t/is
Co%rt.

G.? REFERRING BACA t/e inst#nt .#se to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 7or t/e
7o&&o2in' p%rposes:

#. To MONITOR t/e in1esti'#tions #nd #.tions t#Den (= t/e PNP, A0P,
#nd t/e CHRC

(. To DETERMINE 2/et/er, in &i'/t o7 t/e reports #nd
re.o$$end#tions o7 t/e CHR, t/e #(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e
petitioner 2#s .o$$itted (= persons #.tin' %nder #n= o7 t/e p%(&i.
respondentsC #nd on t/e (#sis o7 t/is deter$in#tion;

.. To SUBMIT to t/is Co%rt 2it/in ten >,+? d#=s 7ro$ re.eipt o7 t/e
report #nd re.o$$end#tion o7 t/e Co$$ission on H%$#n Ri'/ts;its
o2n report, 2/i./ s/#&& in.&%de # re.o$$end#tion eit/er 7or
t/e DISMISSAL o7 t/e petition #s #'#inst t/e p%(&i. respondents 2/o
2ere 7o%nd not responsi(&e #ndBor #..o%nt#(&e, or 7or
t/e APPROPRIATE REMEDIAL MEASURES, AS MAY BE
ALLOWED BY THE AMPARO AND HABEAS DATA RULES,
TO BE UNDERTAAEN #s #'#inst t/ose 7o%nd responsi(&e #ndBor
#..o%nt#(&e.

A..ordin'&=, t/e p%(&i. respondents s/#&& re$#in person#&&= i$p&e#ded in
t/is petition to #ns2er 7or #n= responsi(i&ities #ndBor #..o%nt#(i&ities t/e= $#=
/#1e in.%rred d%rin' t/eir in.%$(en.ies.

Ot/er 7indin's o7 t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in its De.ision d#ted *5 A%'%st *++6
in CA-8.R. SP No. +++95-:RA t/#t #re not .ontr#r= to t/is
de.ision #re AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.



JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ
Asso.i#te J%sti.e







WE CONCUR%




RENATO C. CORONA
C/ie7 J%sti.e




ANTONIO T. CARPIO CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES
Asso.i#te J%sti.e Asso.i#te J%sti.e







PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR. ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA
Asso.i#te J%sti.e Asso.i#te J%sti.e






>On O77i.i#& Le#1e?
TERESITA J. LEONARDO-DECASTRO ARTURO D. BRION
Asso.i#te J%sti.e Asso.i#te J%sti.e







DIOSDADO M. PERALTA LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
Asso.i#te J%sti.e Asso.i#te J%sti.e








MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO ROBERTO A. ABAD
Asso.i#te J%sti.e Asso.i#te J%sti.e






MARTIN S. VILLARAMA, JR. JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA
Asso.i#te J%sti.e Asso.i#te J%sti.e






MARIA LOURDES P.A. SERENO
Asso.i#te J%sti.e





C E R T I F I C A T I O N


P%rs%#nt to Se.tion ,9, Arti.&e VIII o7 t/e Constit%tion, it is /ere(= .erti7ied
t/#t t/e .on.&%sions in t/e #(o1e De.ision 2ere re#./ed in .ons%&t#tion (e7ore t/e
.#se 2#s #ssi'ned to t/e 2riter o7 t/e opinion o7 t/e Co%rt.




RENATO C. CORONA
C/ie7 J%sti.e
! On O77i.i#& Le#1e.
3,4
Under R%&e FG o7 t/e R%&es o7 Co%rt, in re&#tion 2it/ Se.tion ,6 o7 T/e R%&e on t/e :rit
o7 Amparo >A.M. No. +)-6-,*-SC? #nd Se.tion ,6 o7 t/e R%&e on t/e :rit o7 Habeas Data >A.M. No. +H-,-
,5-SC?.
3*4
Penned (= Asso.i#te J%sti.e Noe& 8. Ti<#$ 2it/ Asso.i#te J%sti.es Art%ro 8. T#=#' #nd Nor$#ndie .
PiE#rro, .on.%rrin'. (ollo, pp G+-H*.
394
Id. #t H,-H*.
3F4
Id. #t G9.
3G4
Id.
354
A sister or'#niE#tion o7 BAYAN-USA.
3)4
A77id#1it o7 Petitioner. CA rollo, p.,,.
3H4
A di'it#& $%&ti-$edi# p&#=er .o$(ined 2it/ # /#rd dri1e.
364
S%pp&e$ent#& A77id#1it o7 Petitioner. CA rollo* p. ,6F.
3,+4
Id.
3,,4
Id.
3,*4
Id.
3,94
Id.
3,F4
Id.
3,G4
Id.
3,54
Id.
3,)4
Id. #t ,*.
3,H4
Id.
3,64
Id.
3*+4
Id.
3*,4
Id.
3**4
Id. #t GF.
3*94
Id. #t ,*-,G.
3*F4
Id.
3*G4
Id.
3*54
Id. #t ,*.
3*)4
Id. #t ,*-,9.
3*H4
S%pp&e$ent#& A77id#1it. Id. #t ,6F-,65.
3*64
Id. #t ,F-,G #nd ,6G.
39+4
Id. #t ,G.
39,4
Id. #t ,G-,5. Per in1esti'#tion o7 t/e po&i.e, J%#nito C#r#(eo 2#s re&e#sed (= t/e #(d%.tors on *F M#=
*++6 #&on' t/e /i'/2#= o7 Barangay S#nt# Cr%E, L%(#o, P#$p#n'#. His e-#.t 2/er#(o%ts #re, /o2e1er,
present&= %nDno2n. A..ordin' to t/e po&i.e, C#r#(eo /#s ) o%tst#ndin' 2#rr#nts o7 #rrest. As o7 t/e ti$e
o7 t/is de.ision, no ne2s re&#ti1e to t/e re&e#se #ndBor 2/ere#(o%ts o7 Jo/n Ed2#rd J#ndo. is o(t#in#(&e.
39*4
Me#nin', s%(s.ri(er Identit= Mod%&e.
3994
T/e e$#i& #ddress is Jriveradong0yahoo.$om,K 2it/ t/e p#ss2ord Jdantes1223.K CA rollo* #t ,65.
39F4
T/e (ooD 2#s J4ove in the )imes of CholeraK (= 8#(rie& 8#r.i# M#rL%eE, #nd # .op= o7 # i(&e o7 t/e
Iin' J#$es Version. Id. #t ,6G.
39G4
Id. #t ,G.
3954
Id.
39)4
Id.
39H4
Id. #t *-,H. S/ort&= #7ter 7i&in' t/e petition, petitioner 2ent to t/e United St#tes to re.%per#te 7ro$ /er
e-perien.e. S/e .#$e (#.D to t/e P/i&ippines on 9+ J%&= *++6 to testi7= on t/e #77id#1its #tt#./ed to /er
petition (e7ore t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, (%t ret%rned i$$edi#te&= to t/e United St#tes.
3964
T/e interro'#tor identi7ied on&= (= t/e n#$e o7 JJ#$esK 2#s not si$i&#r&= i$p&e#ded #s # .o-respondent.
3F+4
CA rollo* pp. )-H.
3F,4
S%pre$e Co%rt ,n Ban$ Reso&%tion, id. #t ,6-*,.
3F*4
Id.
3F94
No ret%rn 2#s 7i&ed (= or 7or t/e %nDno2n respondents JDe-,K JRoseK #nd JRC.K Id. #t 9G-6H.
3FF4
Id. #t G5.
3FG4
Id. #t ,H #nd 6+.
3F54
Id.
3F)4
Id. #t GH.
3FH4
Id. #t G6.
3F64
Id. #t ,).
3G+4
Id. #t 5+-5,.
3G,4
Id. #t 5+.
3G*4
Id. #t F*-F9
3G94
Id. #t F9-GG.
3GF4
Id.
3GG4
Id. #t ,H #nd 6+.
3G54
Id.
3G)4
Id.
3GH4
Id.
3G64
Id.
35+4
Id. #t ,,9
35,4
Id. #t ,H.
35*4
A77id#1it o7 PCBS%pt. Leon Ni&o A. De&# Cr%E. Id. #t H9.
3594
Id. #t ,H-6+.
35F4
Initi#& Report o7 Spe.i#& In1esti'#ti1e T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN, id. #t ,,*-,,F.
35G4
Id. #t ,,9-,,F.
3554
#ee Letters sent (= PCBS%pt. 8i& C. Meneses, /e#d o7 Spe.i#& In1esti'#ti1e T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN, to
Sister Ce.i&e R%iE o7 &arapatan #nd t/e A&&i#n.e 7or Ad1#n.e$ent o7 Peop&e@s Ri'/ts. Id. #t 69-6F.
35)4
Id. #t GF.
35H4
#ee Initi#& Report d#ted *5 M#= *++6C 0irst Pro'ress Report d#ted *) M#= *++6C Se.ond Pro'ress Report
d#ted , J%ne *++6C T/ird Pro'ress Report d#ted H J%ne *++6, on t/e #&&e'ed #(d%.tion #nd tort%re o7
Me&iss# Ro-#s, J%#nito C#r#(eo #nd Jo/n Ed2#rd J#ndo., prep#red (= T#sD 8ro%p CAROJAN, id. #t ,,*-
,*+. #ee also In1esti'#tion Report d#ted *6 J%ne *++6, id. #t ,)6-,HG.
3564
Id. #t ,HG.
3)+4
Co%nter-A77id#1it o7 Se.ret#r= 8i&(ert Teodoro, id. #t ,*,-,*9.
3),4
Id. #t ,*F.
3)*4
Id. #t ,**.
3)94
Id. #t )).
3)F4
A77id#1it o7 8ener#& Vi.tor S. I(r#do, id. #t )9-)F.
3)G4
A77id#1it o7 Lt. 8en. De&7in N. #n'it, id. #t )6-H+.
3)54
A77id#1it o7 M#<. 8en. R#&p/ A. Vi&&#n%e1#, id. #t H,-H*.
3))4
Id. #t ,+)-,,+.
3)H4
Id. #t ,,+.
3)64
(ollo* pp. G+-H*.
3H+4
Id. #t 59-5F.
3H,4
Id. #t 5F.
3H*4
Id. #t 5F-5G.
3H94
Id. #t 5).
3HF4
Id. #t 56-),.
3HG4
Id. #t H,-H*.
3H54
Id. #t H+-H,.
3H)4
Id.
3HH4
Id. #t H,-H*.
3H64
Id. #t ),-)*.
36+4
Id. #t )9.
36,4
Id. #t ),-)*.
36*4
Id. #t )9.
3694
Id. #t H,.
36F4
Id. #t )G-)).
36G4
Id. #t *-F+ #nd ).
3654
Id.
36)4
Id. #t ,G. #ee #&so CA rollo, p. G.
36H4
Id. #t ,).
3664
Id. #t 9H.
3,++4
#ee Sep#r#te Opinion o7 Asso.i#te J%sti.e Art%ro D. rion in (ubri$o v. Arroyo, 8.R. No. ,H9H),, ,H
0e(r%#r= *+,+.
3,+,4
(ubri$o v. Arroyo, 8.R. No. ,H9H),, ,H 0e(r%#r= *+,+.
3,+*4
Id.
3,+94
Jo#L%in 8. ern#s, S.J., Command (esponsibility, G 0e(r%#r= *++),
/ttp:BBs..<%di.i#r=.'o1.p/Bp%(&i.#tionsBs%$$itBS%$$itP*+P#persBern#sP*+-P*+Co$$#nd
P*+Responsi(i&it=.pd7 >1isited * Septe$(er *+,+?.
3,+F4
E%'eni# Le1ine, Co$$#nd Responsi(i&it=, T/e Mens Re# ReL%ire$ent, %lobal !oli$y +orum, 0e(r%#r=
*++G >222.'&o(#&po&i.=.or'.?. As st#ted in &uroda v. Jalandoni, H9 P/i&. ,), >,6F6?, t/e P/i&ippines is not
# si'n#tor= to t/e H#'%e Con1entions.
3,+G4
I#1or R#n'e&o1 #nd Jo1#n Ni.i., OCo$$#nd Responsi(i&it=: T/e Conte$por#r= L#2,O /ttp:BB222./&.-
rd..or'B%p&o#dsBeditorBCo$$#ndP*+Responsi(i&it=.pd7 >1isited * A%'%st *++6?
3,+54
(a5on* Jr. v. )agitis, 8.R. No. ,H*F6H, 9 De.e$(er *++6, 5+5 SCRA G6H, 5+*.
3,+)4
Sep#r#te Opinion o7 Asso.i#te J%sti.e Art%ro D. rion in (ubri$o v. Arroyo, s%pr# note ,+,.
3,+H4
8.R. No. ,H+6+5, ) O.to(er *++H, G5H SCRA ,, F*.
3,+64
De&i(er#tions o7 t/e Co$$ittee on t/e Re1ision o7 t/e R%&es o7 Co%rt, ,+ A%'%st *++), *F A%'%st *++),
9, A%'%st *++) #nd *+ Septe$(er *++H.
3,,+4
S%pr# note ,+5 #t 5*+-5*,.
3,,,4
(ollo, pp. *5-*).
3,,*4
Id. #t ,G.
3,,94
CA rollo, p. G.
3,,F4
Id. #t ,H)-,69.
3,,G4
Id. #ee E-/i(it J8,@ #nd its s%(-$#rDin's.
3,,54
(ollo, pp. )G-)5. As o(ser1ed (= t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s:
As respondents .orre.t&= #r'%ed, .onsiderin' t/#t Petitioner is #n A$eri.#n .itiEen 2/o .&#i$ed
to (e %n7#$i&i#r 2it/ 0ort M#'s#=s#= or its i$$edi#te 1i.init=, s/e .#nnot possi(&= /#1e #n= 7#$i&i#rit= or
#.t%#& Dno2&ed'e o7 t/e (%i&din's in or #ro%nd 0ort M#'s#=s#= or t/e re&#ti1e dist#n.es to #nd 7ro$ t/e
s#$e. Petitioner 7#i&ed to o77er # sin'&e e1iden.e to de7inite&= pro1e t/#t s/e 2#s (ro%'/t to 0ort
M#'s#=s#= to t/e e-.&%sion o7 ot/er p&#.es. It is #&so %n7ort%n#te t/#t /er t2o ot/er .o$p#nions Messrs.
C#r#(eo #nd J#ndo., ./ose not to #ppe#r in Co%rt to .orro(or#te t/e testi$on= o7 t/e Petitioner.
3,,)4
Id. #t H,.
3,,H4
(a5on* Jr. v. )agitis* s%pr# note ,+5 #t 5HH-5H6.
3,,64
)apu5 v. Del (osario, 8.R. No. ,H*FHF, ,) J%ne *++H, GGF SCRA )5H, )HF-)HG.
3,*+4
Se.tion , o7 t/e Amparo R%&e st#tes:
Se.tion ,. !etition. - T/e petition 7or # 2rit o7 Amparo is # re$ed= #1#i&#(&e to #n=
person :6*, 2)964 4 0)-,, 0)3,245 &'+ *,1/2)45 is 1io&#ted or t/re#tened 2it/ 1io&#tion (= #n %n&#27%& #.t
or o$ission o7 # p%(&i. o77i.i#& or e$p&o=ee, or o7 # pri1#te indi1id%#& or entit=.
T/e 2rit s/#&& .o1er ,;42&-0,9&0 <)00)'9* &'+ ,'-21,+ +)*&77,&2&'1,* 2 462,&4* 46,2,-.
>E$p/#sis s%pp&ied?.
3,*,4
(ollo* pp. *)-9,.
3,**4
Id. #t )5.
3,*94
Id. #t *H.
3,*F4
Yano v. #an$he5, 8.R. No. ,H55F+, ,, 0e(r%#r= *+,+.
3,*G4
(ollo, pp. H+-H,.
3,*54
Annot#tion to t/e R%&e on t/e :rit o7 H#(e#s D#t#, A.M. No. +H-,-,5-SC, e77e.ti1e * 0e(r%#r= *++H
>p#$p/&et re&e#sed (= t/e S%pre$e Co%rt?, p. *9.
3,*)4
Se.tion , o7 t/e Habeas Data R%&e st#tes:
SECTION ,. Habeas Data. - T/e 2rit o7 habeas data is # re$ed= #1#i&#(&e to #n= person
2/ose 2)964 4 72).&15 )' 0)-,, 0)3,245 2 *,1/2)45 )* .)0&4,+ 2 462,&4,',+ (= #n %n&#27%& #.t or
o$ission o7 # p%(&i. o77i.i#& or e$p&o=ee, or o7 # pri1#te indi1id%#& or entit= en'#'ed in t/e '#t/erin',
.o&&e.tin' or storin' o7 d#t# or in7or$#tion re'#rdin' t/e person, 7#$i&=, /o$e #nd .orresponden.e o7 t/e
#''rie1ed p#rt=. >E$p/#sis s%pp&ied?.
3,*H4
CONSTITUTION, Arti.&e VIII, Se.tion ,H.
3,*64
In (a5on* Jr. v. )agitis, s%pr# note ,+5 #t 5HF, t/is Co%rt, t/r% Asso.i#te J%sti.e Art%ro D. rion,
re.o'niEed t/e t/ree >9? t=pes o7 e1identi#r= di77i.%&ties 7#.ed (= # petitioner in #n amparo petition. In
e-p&#inin' t/e ori'ins o7 s%./ di77i.%&ties, J%sti.e rion e-p&#ined:
JT/ese di77i.%&ties &#r'e&= #rise (e.#%se t/e St#te itse&7 Q t/e p#rt= 2/ose in1o&1e$ent is #&&e'ed Q
in1esti'#tes en7or.ed dis#ppe#r#n.es. - - -.K
3,9+4
Se.tion ,) o7 t/e Amparo R%&e st#tes:
SEC. ,). Burden of !roof and #tandard of Diligen$e (e6uired. Q - - -.
- - - -.
T6, 2,*7'+,'4 :6 )* & 7/30)1 --)1)&0 2 ,(705,, (/*4 72., 46&4 ,;42&2+)'&25 +)0)9,'1,
&* 2,>/)2,+ 35 &770)1&30, 0&:*, 2/0,* &'+ 2,9/0&4)'* :&* 3*,2.,+ )' 46, 7,2-2(&'1, - +/45.
>E$p/#sis s%pp&ied.?
3,9,4
CA rollo, p. ,HG.
3,9*4
P&#.ed in # si$i&#r sit%#tion, t/e .#se o7 (ubri$o v. Arroyo, s%pr# note ,+,, instr%.ts:
T6, *,,()'9 2,0/14&'1, ' 46, 7&24 - 46, R/32)1* 2 46,)2 :)4',**,* 4 17,2&4, /964 '4
4 7*, & 6)'+2&'1, 4 46, 70)1, )' 7/2*/)'9, ' )4* :' )')4)&4).,, 46, )'.,*4)9&4)' )' >/,*4)' 4 )4*
'&4/2&0 ,'+. To repe#t 2/#t t/e Co%rt s#id in Manalo, t/e ri'/t to se.%rit= o7 persons is # '%#r#ntee o7 t/e
prote.tion o7 one@s ri'/t (= t/e 'o1ern$ent. And t/is prote.tion in.&%des .ond%.tin' e77e.ti1e
in1esti'#tions o7 e-tr#-&e'#& Di&&in's, en7or.ed dis#ppe#r#n.es, or t/re#ts o7 t/e s#$e Dind. >E$p/#sis
s%pp&ied?.
3,994
TSN, 9+ J%&= *++6, pp. ,),-,)9.
3,9F4
:e 7o&&o2 s%it 2it/ t/e re.ent .#se o7 Burgos v. Arroyo, 8.R. No. ,H9),,, ** J%ne *+,+, 2/ere t/is
Co%rt, #7ter /#1in' 7o%nd si'ni7i.#nt &#pses in t/e .ond%.t o7 t/e po&i.e in1esti'#tions, reso&1ed to #ssi'n
t/e CHR, #s its dire.t&= .o$$issioned #'en.=, 2it/ t/e t#sD o7 .ontin%in' t/e in1esti'#tions on t/e
dis#ppe#r#n.e o7 Jon#s %r'os.
3,9G4
(ollo, p. 99.