PAPER ENGLISH LESSON

ING FORM CONSTRUCTION

Created By :

Name : Ermytasari P
NIM : 1201194



Petroleum Engineering Department
STT MIGAS BALIKAPAPAN
2012/2013

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

General description of Ing Construction
The '-ing' form of the verb may be a present participle or a gerund. The form
is identical, the difference is in the function, or the job the word does in the sentence.
1. Gerunds
Gerunds are verbals that function as nouns and have an ing ending. Since
gerunds are derived from verbs and have an ing ending, they do express action.
However, because gerunds function as nouns, they occupy slots traditionally held
by nouns in sentences such as subjects, direct objects and objects of prepositions.
Gerunds may occur as one word, or they may be part of a gerund phrase.
2. Present Participle
Present participles have an ing ending.


CHAPTER II
CONTENT

Ing Construction Translation
a. Gerunds Translation
Use appropriate gerunds in the following sentences.
The Simple Gerund
The gerund is the ing form of the verb used as a noun. Notice that the gerund
has the same form as the present participle. However, it functions differently
in the sentences. It is always a noun and can function in any noun position.
Gerund, functioning as subject (Nouns)
If a sentences begins with (verb + ing) (Gerund), the verb must also be
singular.
Examples :
1) Reading is my most beneficial summer activity.
2) Knowing her has made him what he is.
3) Dieting is very popular today.
4) Not studying has caused him many problems.
5) Washing with a special cream is recommended for scalp infections.
6) Being cordial is one of his greatest assets.
7) Writing many letters makes her happy.
8) Swimming is very good for the body.
9) Smoking is prohibited in the hospital.
10) Eating people is wrong
Gerund, functioning as direct object
Examples :
1) James enjoys swimming
2) The Moreno family loves cooking for relatives.
3) Johns favourite outdoor activity is skiing
4) Joel and Patrice enjoy dancing
5) Patrice enjoys camping.
6) I like fishing

Gerund, functioning as object of preposition
Examples :
1) You will get good grades by studying.
2) Joseph hoped to obtain a job by learning the welding trade.
3) I am able to earn money by working in the campus library.
4) I am tired of arguing.
5) Wanda will go to the Borobudur Temple after working.
6) Kate insisted on coming with us.
7) We talked about going to Canada for our vacation.
8) Sue is in charge of organizing the meeting.
9) Im interested in learning more about your work.
10) Alice isnt interested in looking for a new job.

The Gerund Phrase
While a gerund functions as a noun, it also retains some of the
characteristics of a verb. Although it may have adjective modifiers like a noun
(usually before it), it may also have adverbial modifiers like a verb (usually
after it). If a noun or pronoun precedes a gerund, it must be in the possessive,
or adjectival, form. In this section and the next, the gerund phrase is italicized.
The verb in a gerund phrase is reduced to participial form. All participial
forms may function as gerunds except the ed past participle : the most
common form, however, is the ing present participle.
The subject of a gerund may be found in another part of the sentences or it
may be understood. A subject that is contained within the gerund phrase
takes inflected possessive form, prepositional form, or unchanged form. The
object of a gerund is unchanged or is contained within an of phrase. By
means of such changes in the nominal elements of a simple sentence, these
elements may be strung along after the verb as prepositional phrases. Thus, the
simple sentence The hunters shot the birds can become the gerund phrase
the shooting of the birds (original object) by the hunters (original Subject).
These changes from subject predicate form also permit the gerund
phrase to be embedded as a noun within another predication The shooting
of the birds by the hunters caused her great distress. The gerund functions
as noun head of the gerund phrase, the transformed subject and object as
adjectival modifiers.
Gerund phrase, functioning as subject
While a gerunds functions as a noun, it also retains some of the
Examples :
1) Eating on the run is one of the most unhealthy American habits.
2) Going on a cruise and climbing Mt. Rushmore were Rachels summer
vacation plans.
3) Watching the birds is one of Mr. Martins hobbies.
4) Working out daily should be an essential part of American life.
5) Her cleaning the house every day is not necessary.
6) Listening to the radio is good practice in understanding English.

Gerund phrase, functioning as direct object
Examples :
1) The teacher simply cannot excuse sleeping during class.
2) Her husband appreciates her cleaning the house every day.
3) Dyra enjoys camping in the mountains.
4) When Beth got tired, she stopped studying the participle phrase in
English.
5) I appreciate Arianas going to the hospital with me.
6) We finished eating around seven.
7) The Wilsons attended camping in Yellowstone National Park last
summer.

Gerund phrase, functioning as object of preposition
Examples :
1) We found the keys by looking on the ground next to the car.
2) Her husband insist on her cleaning the house every day.
3) I am tired of arguing with my advisor.
4) Ken went to bed instead of finishing his work.
5) Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing the stop button.
6) Connie has developed a method for evaluating this problem.
7) We are interested in seeing this film.
8) He spoke of the necessity of hiring more man.

b. Present Participles Translation
A participle is usually formed by adding ing to a verb.
The Simple Participle
The Present Participle (the ing form of the verb) may be used in sentences as
adjective modifiers. It may modify nouns occurring in any position in the
sentences.
It functions as an adjectives.
The present participle [verb + ing] is used as an adjective when the noun it
modifiers performs or is responsible for an action. The verb is usually
intransitive (it doesnt take an object) and the verb form of the sentence is
the progressive (continuous) aspect.
Examples :
1) The singing bird was the main attraction at the event.
2) The running water provided a picturesque view.
3) The sewing machine is out of order.
4) The crying baby woke Mr. Binion.
5) The purring kitten snuggled close the fireplace.
6) The blooming flowers in the meadow created a rainbow of colors.

The Present Participle Phrases
A present participle phrase (one containing a [verb + ing] without
auxiliaries) can be used to join two sentences with a common subject. When
the two phrases do not share a common subject, we call the present participle
phrase an illogical present participle modifier. Actually, the subject of the
present participle phrase is understood rather than explicit.
The present participle phrase represents the predicate part of a sentence
beginning with the verb in reduced ing form. The subject of a present
participle phrase is usually a noun or pronoun in the main clause (or in a
dependent clause).
For example :
1) After jumping out of the boat, the man was bitten by a shark.
2) After preparing the dinner, Michelle will read a book.
3) By working a ten hour day for four days, we can have a long weekend.
4) While reviewing for the test, Marcia realized that she had forgotten to
study the use of participial phrases.
5) The boy studying his lesson is the teachers son.
6) The boy wearing the red shirt is Jerry Webster.


CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

After learn the ing form construction above, so we can get conclusion about there are
two kinds of the ing form construction are Gerunds and Present Participle.
Gerunds are verbs that act or function as nouns. In other words, they are noun-like
verbs. In English, these are some of the examples of words and phrases that are usually
followed by gerunds: go, love, mind, enjoy, avoid, suggest, discuss, mention, complain about,
dream about, think about, talk about, (be) worried about, (be) excited about, apologize for,
(be) responsible for, believe in, succeed in, (be) interested in, look forward to, (be) capable
of, instead of, take advantage of, take care of, insist on, in addition to, (be) committed to,
object to, (be) used to, (be) opposed to, (be) accustomed to, prevent from, prohibit from, stop
from.
In Gerunds there are two discussion are the simple gerund and the gerund phrase. In the
simple gerund and the gerund phrase it function as a subject (Noun), direct object and object
of preposition.
And then Present Participle is one of the two types of participle in English (forms such
as writing, singing and raising; these same forms also serve as gerunds and verbal nouns).
The present participle is used as an adjective when the noun it modifiers performs or is
responsible for an action.