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Pregunta 2
Para x > 0 usando mtodo de Frobenius encuentre la solucin general alrededor de x = 0 de la ecuacin de Laguerre de orden 2: xy 00 + (1 x)y 0 + 2y = 0:
Solucin:
Multiplicando por x la ecuacin se tiene:
x2 y 00 + (1
x)xy 0 + 2xy = 0;
r
(x) = x
1
X
ck (r)x ;
k=0
00
r 2
(x) = x
1
X
(x) = x
1
X
(k + r)ck (r)xk ;
k=0
(k + r
k=0
1
X
x 0 (x) = xr
2 0
(k + r)ck (r)xk
k=0
1
X
r
(x) = x
2x (x) = xr
(k + r)ck (r)xk+1 = xr
k=0
1
X
2ck (r)xk+1 = xr
1
X
(k + r
1)ck
k
1 (r)x
k=1
1
X
2ck
k
1 (r)x
k=1
k=0
x
r
"
((r
"
1
X
((k + r
k=0
1
X
( (k + r
1) + 2) ck
1
X
[((k + r
r + 3) ck
k=1
r + 3)ck
1 (r)
= 0; 8k
................................................................................................................0.3
3
ck (r) = k+r
1
(k+r)2 ck 1 (r); 8k
r 2
c1 (r) = (r+1)2 c0 (r)
c3 (r) =
r 1
(r+2)2 c1 (r)
r
(r+3)2 c2 (r)
1 (r)x
k=1
1)r + r) c0 (r) +
c2 (r) =
=
=
(r 1)(r 2)
(r+1)2 (r+2)2 c0 (r)
r(r 1)(r 2)
(r+1)2 (r+2)2 (r+3)2 c0 (r)
1 (r)] x
#
#
ck (r) =
(r
3)
c0 (r); 8k
................................................................................................................0.4
Con r = 0 y c0 (0) = 1, se tiene c1 (r) = 2; c2 (r) = 21 y
ck (0) = 0; 8k 3
1
2x + x2
2
................................................................................................................0.3
Aplicando logaritmo a ck (r) y luego derivando se tiene:
1 (x)
ln(ck (r))
c0k (r)
ck (r)
c0k (r)
=1
"
1
1
+ ::: +
r
r+k
1
1
1
+
+ ::: +
2
r+1 r+2
r+k
2
(r
(r
1)r(r + 1):::(r + k
(r + 1)
3)
2)(r
(r + 2) ::: (r + k)
1)(r + 1):::(r + k
2
(r
2)r(r + 1):::(r + k
2
3)
(r + 1) ::: (r + k)
3)
(r
2)(r
1)(r + 1):::(r + k
2
(r + 1) (r + 2) ::: (r + k)
(r + 1)
1
1
1
2
+
+ ::: +
ck (r) c0 (r)
r+1 r+2
r+k
8k
3)]
(r + 2) ::: (r + k)
................................................................................................................0.4
Con r = 0 y c0 (0) = 1 se tiene:
c0k (0)
c0k (0)
2 1 2 3 ::: (k 3) (k 2)(k
2 1 2 3 4 :: (k 3)
=
2
2
2
2
1 2 3 ::: k
(k!)2 (k 2)(k 1)k
2
; 8k 3
(k 2)(k 1)k k!
1)k
................................................................................................................0.4
Coonsiderando en forma independiente las derivadas de c1 (r) y c2 (r)
2)
2
2 (x)
"
= 5x
Solucin general
9 2 X
x +
4
(k
k=3
(x) = c1
1 (x)
#
2
k
x + ln(x)
2)(k 1)k k!
+ c2
2 (x);
1 (x)
c1; c2 R
................................................................................................................0.2
.
Pregunta 3
(a) Demuestre que:
sen(at) sen(bt) =
asen(bt)
a2
bsen(at)
;
b2
a 6= b
0; si 0 t < 4
2sen( t); si t 4
asen(bt)
a2
bsen(at)
b2
(s)
=
=
=
=
=
=
ab
ba
b2 s2 + b2
s2 + a2
ab
s2 + a2 s2 b2
a2 b2 (s2 b2 )(s2 + a2 )
ab
(s2 + b2 )(s2 + a2 )
b
a
s2 + a2 s2 + b2
L (sen(at)) (s) L (seb(bt)) (s)
L(sen(at) sen(bt))(s)
a2
asen(bt) bsen(at)
a2 b2
................................................................................................................0.6
Como L es inyectivo, se tiene que sen(at) sen(bt) =
(b) Tenemos:
y 00 + 4y
= 2sen( t) u(t 4)
= 2u(t 4)sen( t 4 )
................................................................................................................0.3
4
s + 4Y (s) = 2e
s
+e
s2 + 22
4s
s2 +
4s
s2 +
2
s2 + 22
................................................................................................................0.4
Y (s)
Y (s)
s
+e
+ 22
s
+e
s2 + 22
4s
4s
(L(sen( t) sen(2t))(s))
s2
................................................................................................................0.3
Usando (a)
s
+e
s2 + 22
Y (s) =
Aplicando L
4s
sen(2t)
2sen( t)
22
(s)
y(t) = cos(2t) +
sen(2(t
4))
2
2sen( (t
4
4))
u(t
4)
................................................................................................................0.4