Michael Liu

U.S. History 9 Honor

Tuccinardi
6/2/14
Chapter 33
33.1 Introduction
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Raised in a wealthy New York family
Attended private school
Became a skilled politician
1932 Presidential election
Stormed to victory due to promise to help the working men and women
whose labor energized the american economy.
Eleanor Roosevelt
She broadened FDRs awareness
Took him to a tenement.
Opened FDRs eyes to the harsh reality of life for the poorest
americans/
33.2 The First New Deal
By 1933, 13 million AMericans- nearly one fourth of the workforce were unemployed.
Banks had closed their door and
FDR calmed the people with radio addresses called fireside chats.
Helped him gain public trust.
Backed the New Deal programs of the First Hundred days/
Restructuring the Financial Sector
FDR attacked problems in the financial sector.
Ordered all banks to close temporarily
Stopped the steady withdrawal of funds from financial institutions
Emergency Banking act
Gave the federal government more power to supervise bank
activities.
His fireside chats restored public confidence in banks.
Banking Act of 1933
Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Guaranteed individual bank deposits up to $5000.
Limited the freedom of banks to trade in stocks and bonds.
Speculation in stocks caused the 1929 stocks
part of the problem was ignorance
Creation of the Securities and Exchange Commision in 1934
Regulated the businesses of stockbrokers.
Shoring Up the Free Enterprise System
FDR wanted to help the enterprise system to recover.
National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933
Was the centerpiece of the NEw Deals efforts to breathe life into the
economy.
With the NRA the New Deal increased government regulation and
economic planning and moved away from laissex-faire policies of the
past.
Allotted $3.3 billion for various public works.
Establishment of the Public Works administration
Paying Farmers Not to Plant
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Tried to aid farmers by reducing crop production and raising prices.
Aim of the AAA was to raise crop prices to reach parity
The price that gives farmers the same purchasing power
they had during an earlier, more prosperous time.
To raise prices, the AAA paid farmers to plant fewer
crops.
This would call for an increase in Market
demand.
Promoting Economic Development and Homeownership
Promote economic development in one of the poorest regions in the country.
Tennessee River valley
Built series of dams which provided flood control and hydroelectric power
to seven southern states.
Battled erosion and deforestation
Gave Jobs to people in need.
Two new agencies
Home Owners Loan Corporation
Provided loans to help people meet their mortgage payments.
Federal Housing Administration
Gave boost to the banking and construction industries by insuring
mortgage loans up to 80 percent of a homes value.
Remembering the Forgotten Man
After FDRs inauguration
450,000 Americans wrote letters to the new president
Many Pleaded for help.
Pledged to remember the forgotten man.
Under the First New Deal, he carried out that promise by providing
relief programs designed to help normal Americans.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Gave young men jobs planting trees and working on other conservation
projects.
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Took an approach different from providing people with work
Sent funds to state governments which spread it among the
needy.
33.3 Protests and Political Challenges
Flurry of activity caught people by suprise
Critics Attack the New Deal
Right Wing ideological differences
Conservative side of the political spectrum
Thought the New Deal had gone too far in expanding the role of the
federal government
Left Wing ideological differences
liberal side
Thought New Deal should give greater aid to the needy.
Robert La Follette
Favored larger public works programs
FDR was somewhere in the middle
Demagogues Turn Up the Heat
Demagogues
A political leader who appeals to peoples emotions and prejudices
Charles Coughlin
Hater of Wall Street and critical of Roosevelt
Huey Long
colorfully portrayed himself as the hero of the common man in the
fight against big business
Wanted to take money from the rich and give every American
family a grant of $5,000
33.4 The Second New Deal
In order to Counter the demagogues, FDR shifted his focus away from recovery and
toward social and economic reforms.
Energizing the Country with Electricity and Jobs
Congress passed FDRs Emergency Relief Appropriation Bill
Called the Big Bill because it created several new agencies and called for
nearly $5 billion in new spending.
Rural Electrification Administration
Established hundreds of publicly owned electric cooperatives, built
generation plants, and strung power lines.
Works Progress Administration
Put more than 3 million Americans to work in it first year
Created buildings and established art projects.
Conservatives denounced the cost
Labor unions attacked it for depressing wage rates.
Employed 7 percent of the American workforce.
The Supreme Court Attacks the New Deal
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
Struck down the National Industrial Recovery act
unconstitutional.
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Regulation and control agricultural production
Struck down
Roosevelt fumed that the Court had created a No mans land where no
government, state or federal, could act effectively.
Bill of Rights for workers.
FDR continued to push for reform legislation
The National Labor Relations act, also called the Wagner act was seen
as the bill of rights for organized labor.
Creation of the National Labor Relations Board
Had the power to supervise union elections to ensure that
they were free and democratic.
Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938
regulated conditions in the workplace
Set a minimum wage of 25 cents an hour.
Economic Security for Americans.
Social Security Act
Passed in June and in August, the president signed it into the law
Addressed the long-term problems of the aged and unemployed
Created a social insurance program that provides two main types
of benefits: retirement and disability.
Also set up an unemployment insurance program for workers.
Funding comes from taxes on employers.
Battling the Supreme Court
FDR won his second term in 1936 by a landslide
Viewed win as a mandate
A grant of authority- to extend the New Deal further
Feared the supreme court
1937- FDR presented Congress with legislation to redesign the Supreme Court
Bill called for adding a new justice for every sitting justice over age 70.
Claimed the court was behind in work
Wanted to pack the Supreme Court with liberal justices who would favor
NEw Deal programs
Both parties expressed outrage at this.
THe court redefined its understanding of liberty.
33.5 Social and Political Impacts
A Good Deal for Workers
The NIRA and the Wagner Act guaranteed the righ of workers to form unions and
to bargain collectively.
Growth presented a challenge to the American Federation of Labor, a large and
powerful alliance of unions.
1930s- activists within the AFl began demanding that it organize workers not by
craft but by industry
Congress of Industrial Organization
Organized workers in mass production industries
Formed an independent federation
Accepted African American workers and others shunned by the AFL.
Organized unions in the automobile, rubber and steel industries.
CIOs success boosted by the New Deal helped swell union membership.
A Mixed Deal for Women
Women made some advances
Help from Eleanor Roosevelt
Played key role in the Roosevelt Administation.
Met with woman and tried to advance the rights of women.
talented women were integrated into the government.
Many other women were pressured to leave the workforce to free up jobs
for men with families
Economy Act of 1932
Prohibited a man and his wife from both working for a federal agency.
A Disappointing Deal for African Americans
New Deal offered some hope for black Americans
They were hit especially hard by Depression
Competition for jobs along with discrimination pushed the
unemployment rate for blacks well above that for white americans.
WPA and the CCC
Helped many poor african americans survive.
William Hastie
Rose from a position as an adviser to the president on race
relations to become the first African American to serve on a
federal court.
Roosevelt
Failed to prevent lynching
Declined the federal anti lynching bill for fear of offending powerful
southerners in Congress
Eleanor Roosevelt
Took a stand and arranged for Marian Anderson to sing on the steps of
the Lincoln Memorial.
A Better Deal for American Indians
Many natives lived in poverty
FDRs commissioner of Indian affairs, John Collier hoped to repair some of the
damage with an indian New Deal
Ended the policy of forced assimilation
replacing government-run boarding schools with public schools
Encouraged greater cultural awarness
Improved health care
Gave natives more control over policies
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Indian communities recied the righ to set up their own tribal government.
A Tough Deal for Mexican Americans
Mexican Americans were not hired due to low money.
Were deported and returned to mexico
Depended on relief.
The Emergence of a New Deal Coalition in Politics
The belief that government could make a difference in voters lives inspired many
people to become more involved in politics.
African American voters cast their vote for Roosevelt and helped him win
in 1936.
1936 election signaled the emergence of a new political partnership known as
the New Deal Coalition
Included many groups.
33.6 Legacy of the New Deal
Unalienable Rights: Life Liberty and Economic Security
Welfare state
A social system in which the government takes responsibility for the
economic well being of its citizens.
A Larger Role for uncle Sam in Peoples Everyday Lives
deficit spending
Spending more than the government receives in revenues.